KR960002126B1 - Refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

An absorption freezer consists of at least four absorbing and generating devices filled with absorbing agent, a condenser to condense the refrigerant vapor generated from the absorbing and generating devices, tubes to connect the condenser with the absorbing and generating devices, an electro-magnetic valve installed on the tube, an expanding means, an evaporator, tubes to connect the evaporator with the absorbing and generating devices, an electro-magnetic valve installed on the tubes, a heating means to heat the absorbing and generating devices, a heat supply cutting means, a cooling means and a cooling control means.

Description

Absorption Chiller

1 is a piping system diagram of an absorption chiller of one embodiment of the present invention.

2a to d are diagrams showing the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve according to the operating state of the embodiment.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: Intake / Generator 2: Condenser

3: receiver 4: evaporator

5: decompression expansion means

10,11: Solenoid valve

12,13: solenoid valve (for opening and closing steam flow path) 14,15: solenoid valve (for opening and closing coolant flow path)

16,17: Solenoid valve (for shutoff of refrigerant flow when operation stops)

The present invention relates to an absorption chiller, and more particularly, to an absorption chiller including a plurality of suction and generators sequentially operated in the order of a generator, a pre-absorber, an absorber, and a pre-generator.

Absorption refrigerator uses refrigerant absorbing and generating action of absorbent instead of using compressor to transfer refrigerant from evaporator to condenser. The refrigerant vapor generated in the evaporator is absorbed into the agricultural liquid in the absorber, and the heat of absorption generated in the absorber is absorbed. It is removed by the cooling water passing through. On the other hand, the diluent solution (absorbent in which the refrigerant is absorbed and dilute in concentration) in the generator is heated by boiling by direct combustion or steam or hot water such as gas or kerosene, and the absorbed refrigerant is separated and sent to the condenser.

The absorption chiller described above is a continuous operation absorption chiller in which a dilute solution in which refrigerant vapor is absorbed is pumped to a generator by a solution pump to generate refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant is evaporated and the remaining agricultural solution is returned to the absorber. By alternately operating the absorber and the generator, the absorbent is roughly classified into an intermittent absorption type chiller in which only the refrigerant vapor is moved without moving the absorbent. In case of the intermittent type absorption chiller, when the generator is operated alternately with the absorber, it is impossible to change the agricultural liquid in the absorber changed from the generator to the absorber at an instantaneously low temperature. Is not working well, so the shift time Eojinda there is a problem.

The present invention has been made to solve the problem as described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an absorption chiller that can minimize the alternating time between the generator and the absorber while operating in an intermittent operation method without using a solution pump.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an absorption chiller that is effectively operated by a relatively low temperature heat source such as incineration heat of flammable waste.

In order to achieve the above object, the absorption chiller of the present invention includes at least four suction and generators filled with an absorbent for sucking and generating refrigerant vapor, and a condenser for condensing refrigerant vapor generated from the suction and generator. A pipeline for connecting the intake / generator to the condenser in parallel, an solenoid valve installed on the conduit to selectively open and close the refrigerant vapor flow path from the intake / generator to the condenser, and decompression expansion means for decompressively expanding the condensation refrigerant from the condenser; And an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant liquid introduced through the decompression expansion means to generate a freezing effect by the heat of evaporation at that time, a conduit connecting the evaporator and the intake / generator in parallel, and installed on the conduit so that The solenoid valve for selectively opening and closing the refrigerant vapor flow path of the furnace, the heating means for heating the intake and generator, the intake and generator Heat supply blocking means for supplying or blocking heat from the heating means to the intake / generator to heat selectively, cooling means for cooling the intake / generator, and cooling control means for adjusting the cooling means to selectively cool the intake generator; And the absorbers and generators are alternately operated as generators, preliminary absorbers, absorbers, and preliminary generators, respectively.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a piping system diagram of an absorption chiller for explaining the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, which includes four suction / generators 1a to 1d. Water and ammonia (NH ₃ ) are filled in the intake / generator 1 so that ammonia acts as a refrigerant and water acts as an absorbent. In the case of using a solution of water and lituberomide (LiBr), water serves as a refrigerant and lithium bromide serves as an absorbent.

The suction / generator 1 is operated by a generator, a pre-absorber, an absorber, and a pre-generator according to an operating state, and each of the suction and generator 1 supplies the refrigerant vapor generated from the suction / generator operated by the generator to the condenser 2. Intake and generator (la to ld) is connected in parallel to the condenser (2), each of the parallel conduit connecting the intake and generator (1) and the condenser (2) to block or open the flow path of the refrigerant vapor in accordance with the operating conditions Solenoid valves 10a to 10d are installed.

The condenser 2 is connected to the evaporator 4 via expansion means. The expansion means acts to throttle and expand the refrigerant condensed in the condenser to lower the pressure and to evaporate a portion of the liquid to wet steam at low pressure and low temperature. The evaporation at the time of throttling is not caused by heat from the outside but the liquid refrigerant. The internal energy of the refrigerant is taken away so that the temperature of the refrigerant drops.

As is well known in the art, the expansion means using expansion valve 5, a flow control valve or a capillary tube, or by installing a refrigerant dispersing tube in the evaporator to expand condensed refrigerant from the refrigerant dispersing tube. Can be used. In addition, a receiver 3 may be provided between the condenser 2 and the expansion means to temporarily store the condensed refrigerant from the condenser 2, and in installing the receiver, the expansion means may be provided via the receiver 3. In order to lower the temperature of the refrigerant after the axial expansion by lowering the temperature of the introduced condensation refrigerant, the evaporator 4 and the receiver 6 are installed in the heat insulating material 6 so as to be capable of heat transfer, or the evaporator ( By installing a conduit so that the low temperature saturated steam evaporated from 4) enters the intake / generator 1 through the receiver, the cold heat of the evaporator 4 can be transferred to the condensed refrigerant in the receiver 6. .

The low temperature saturated refrigerant in the evaporator 4 undergoes a freezing action by heat exchange with cold water in a refrigeration line passing through the evaporator and then becomes a gaseous state and is absorbed by the absorbent in the absorber / generator acting as an absorber. Each intake generator la to ld is connected in parallel to the evaporator 4 so as to supply the refrigerant vapor to the intake generator, and in each parallel conduit connecting the intake generator 1 and the evaporator 4. The solenoid valves 1la to 1ld are provided to block or open the flow path of the refrigerant vapor depending on the operating state.

As described above, the intake generators la to ld alternately perform the functions of the generator, the pre-absorber, the absorber, and the pre-generator according to the operating state. The generator needs to be heated, and the intake and generator, which operates as an absorber and a preliminary absorber, needs to be cooled. Each of the intake and generator la to ld is provided with a heating means and a cooling means that are selectively operated for the heating and cooling. In the embodiment of the present application, the heating means includes a steam pipe from a waste incinerator, A cooling water pipe was installed as a cooling means, and heating and cooling were selected by opening and closing the solenoid valves 12, 13, 14, and 15 installed on the respective pipe lines to open the cooling water or the steam flow path to the intake / generator 1 or By closing it. In the above, the solenoid valves 12 and 13 are solenoid valves for opening and closing the steam flow path, and the solenoid valves 14 and 15 are solenoid valves for opening and closing the cooling water flow path. The heating means or the cooling means may be constituted by connecting a common heating source or cooling source to each intake / generator as a conduit as in the above-described practical example, and may absorb an independent heating source or cooling source such as a burner or a heater. ㆍ It can be installed to each generator and can be configured to selectively control its on / off.

As described above, the piping configuration of the absorption chiller according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described. Each suction / generator of the absorption chiller detects the state of the suction / generator, and the solenoid valves 10 and 11 for opening / closing the refrigerant vapor flow path and steam Various sensors are provided for outputting signals for operating the respective solenoid valves, such as the solenoid valves 12 and 13 for opening and closing the flow path, and the solenoid valves 14 and 15 for opening and closing the cooling water. In Figure 1, 21a to 21d is a dilute solution rising height detection sensor, 22a to 22d is a concentrated solution residual height detection sensor, 23a to 23d is a pre-generated temperature detection sensor, 24a to 24d is a generation temperature detection sensor.

When the suction / generator 1 is operated as an absorber, the level of the solution in the suction / generator acting as the absorber rises as the refrigerant gas is absorbed. The dilution solution rise height detection sensor 21 absorbs the refrigerant gas. A sensor that emits an electrical signal to operate the solenoid valve when the height of the dilution solution exceeds a certain value. Preferably, the contact switch is connected to the solution according to the electrical conductivity. Install it at a certain height.

In addition, when the intake generator 1 is operated as a generator, the level of the solution in the intake generator generated by the generator drops as the refrigerant gas boils. A sensor that generates an electrical signal to operate the solenoid valve, etc., when a certain amount of boiling water falls below a certain level due to boiling above a certain amount, and absorbs a contact switch that opens a contact as the level of the solution becomes below a certain level. ㆍ Can be installed and used at a certain height inside the generator.

The preliminary generation temperature detection sensor 23 and the generation temperature detection sensor 24 respectively heat the operation of the intake / generator when the solution in the intake / generator 1 operated as the preliminary generation ratio and the generator is overheated to an appropriate temperature or more. It is a temperature sensor that generates an electrical signal to stop.

Reference numerals 16 and 17 are solenoid valves for blocking the flow of refrigerant vapor when the absorption chiller stops operating.

Referring to the operation of the absorption chiller according to the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

2a to d are diagrams showing the opening and closing state of the solenoid valve according to each operating state of the absorption type refrigerator of the embodiment of FIG. 1, the thick solid line in the upper part of the drawing shows the flow passage of the refrigerant, and the thick solid line in the lower part of the drawing shows the steam distribution passage, The dotted line represents the coolant flow passage.

Each intake / generator is circulated in steps of the "generator-preliminary absorber-absorber-preliminary generator" as shown in Figs. 2A to d, and the operation descriptions below can easily identify the state before and after. It will be described with reference to Figure 2c.

2c is a state diagram when the intake generator 1a is operated as an absorber, the intake generator 1b as a generator, the intake generator 1c as a preliminary absorber, and the intake generator 1d is operated as a preliminary generator. In the following description, the intake / generator operated by A is referred to as A (for example, the intake / generator operated as a generator-> generator) for convenience of explanation.

In the state of FIG. 2C, the solenoid valves 12b, 13b and 12d, 13d on the steam supply line are heated by the heat generator 1b and the preliminary generator 1d, and the solenoid valves 14a, 15a, 14c, 15c on the cooling water supply line are heated. The absorber 1a and the preliminary absorber 1c are cooled. In addition, the solenoid valve 10b on the pipe connecting the intake / generator and the condenser is opened so that the refrigerant vapor boiled from the generator 1b is introduced into the condenser 2, and the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the evaporator 4 is absorbed. The solenoid valve 11a on the pipe connecting the condenser and the intake / generator is opened so that it can flow into (1a).

The generator 1b has previously gone through each stage of the absorber-pre-generator, in which the cold dilution solution which absorbs the refrigerant vapor evaporating from the evaporator 4 is heated to a temperature suitable for generation in the pre-generator stage. As it is stored, at the beginning of the state of FIG. 2C, a large amount of the high temperature dilution solution is stored in the generator 1b. The diluent solution in the generator 1b is heated by the steam heat introduced through the solenoid valve 12b, and the refrigerant, which has been absorbed by boiling, is separated and introduced into the condenser 2. As the refrigerant is separated, the dilute solution in the generator 1b gradually becomes a concentrated solution and the water level is lowered.

The refrigerant vapor introduced into the condenser (2) is condensed by losing heat by contacting the tube through which the cooling water passes. The condensed liquefied refrigerant liquid flows into the evaporator 4 by lowering the pressure and temperature through the expansion valve 5 acting as a throttle. The low temperature saturated refrigerant introduced into the evaporator 4 undergoes a freezing action by heat exchange with cold water in a freezing line passing through the evaporator, and then enters the absorber 1a in a gaseous state. Absorber (1a) is stored in the high temperature of the remaining concentrated solution is cooled to a temperature suitable for absorption in the pre-absorber step, at the beginning of the state of FIG. 2 (c), the absorber (1a) is a low-temperature concentrate It is stored in large quantities. The refrigerant vapor evaporated in the evaporator 4 is absorbed by the low temperature agricultural solution in the absorber 1a, and the generated heat generated at this time is removed by the cooling water introduced through the solenoid valve 14a. As the refrigerant vapor is absorbed, the concentrated solution in the absorber 1a gradually becomes a dilute solution and the water level is increased.

During the above process, the preliminary generator 1d and the preliminary absorber 1c are heated and cooled, respectively, in a state in which the solenoid valves 10d, 11d, 10c, and 11c are all closed and there is no refrigerant flow.

That is, the preliminary generator 1d passes through the absorber stage immediately before. In the absorber stage, the low-temperature dilution solution that absorbs the refrigerant vapor is heated by steam heat introduced through the solenoid valve 12d, and immediately the refrigerant in the generator stage, which is the next stage. Wait for the to be separated.

In addition, the pre-absorber 1c passes through the generator stage immediately before, and the refrigerant is separated in the generator stage and the hot concentrate remaining in the generator stage is immediately absorbed by the refrigerant in the absorber stage, which is the next stage, by the cooling water flowing through the solenoid valve 14c. I will wait to do it.

The refrigeration operation continued and the dilution solution level of the absorber 1a was detected by the dilution solution rising height detection sensor 21a, or the concentration of the concentrate solution of the generator 1b was below the constant value. When detected by the concentrated solution residual height detection sensor 22b, the open / close state of each solenoid valve is switched to the state of FIG. 2D which is the next step. That is, the pre-generator and the pre-absorber in the standby state are operated as the generator and the absorber, respectively, and the generator and the absorber are operated as the pre-absorber and the pre-generator, respectively, and heating and cooling are alternated.

The operation state of the intake / generator according to the open / close state of the valve at each step and the switching to the next step are as described above, and thus, further description thereof will be omitted.

As described above, the absorption chiller of the present invention allows each suction / generator to be sequentially operated in the order of a generator, a pre-absorber, an absorber, and a pre-generator, so that only the refrigerant vapor is moved without moving the absorbent liquid, thus eliminating the need for a solution pump. It is small and it is possible to minimize the shift time according to the switching of each operating state. In addition, it is operated efficiently by a relatively low temperature heat source such as incineration heat of flammable waste.

The above-mentioned absorption chiller is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications and changes are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims. The invention may be modified or changed very easily by carrying out the pre-absorber stage or the pre-generator stage in two stages with four or more intake / generators, or by changing the arrangement of pipes.

Claims (5)

At least four or more intake / generators filled with absorbents for absorbing and generating refrigerant vapor, a condenser for condensing refrigerant vapor generated from the intake / generator, a conduit for connecting the intake / generator to the condenser in parallel, and And a solenoid valve for selectively opening and closing the refrigerant vapor flow path from the intake / generator to the condenser, a decompression expansion means for decompressively expanding the condensation refrigerant from the condenser, and a refrigerant liquid introduced through the decompression expansion means to evaporate. An evaporator which generates a refrigerating effect by the heat of evaporation at the time, a conduit connecting the evaporator and the intake / generator in parallel, an electromagnetic valve installed on the conduit to selectively open and close the refrigerant vapor flow path from the evaporator to the intake / generator; Heating means for heating the suction / generator and the suction / generator from the heating means to selectively heat the suction / generator; Heat supply blocking means for supplying or blocking the heat of the apparatus, cooling means for cooling the intake / generator, and cooling control means for adjusting the cooling means for selectively cooling the intake / generator, wherein the intake / generator is respectively generated by a generator. Absorption freezer, characterized in that the alternate operation of the pre-absorber, absorber, pre-generator. According to claim 1, wherein the heating means is a water pipe line, the cooling means is a cooling water pipe, the heat supply blocking means and the cooling control means is an absorption valve, respectively installed on the steam pipe and the cooling water pipe. Freezer. The absorption type refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a receiver is provided between the condenser and the expansion means. 4. The absorption chiller of claim 3, wherein the receiver is installed in a heat insulating material together with the evaporator. The absorption chiller according to claim 1, wherein the dilution solution rise height detection sensor, the residual solution residual height detection sensor, the preliminary generation temperature detection sensor, and the generation temperature detection sensor are respectively installed in the suction and generator.