KR20250124265A - A method of structural construction using steel girder and deck plate at pit floor in apartment structural construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is intended to shorten the period of skeletal construction of a pit layer, which is a refuge safety zone layer, in an apartment construction project, and relates to construction by constructing a pit layer wall in a conventional manner and then constructing a ceiling with a deck plate, or by installing steel columns and steel beams and then installing a deck plate on the steel beams.

Description

{A method of structural construction using steel girders and deck plates at pit floors in apartment structural construction}

The present invention is intended to shorten the period of skeletal construction of a pit layer, which is a refuge safety zone layer, in an apartment construction project, and relates to construction by constructing a pit layer wall in a conventional manner and then constructing a ceiling with a deck plate, or by installing steel columns and steel beams and then installing a deck plate on the steel beams.

In apartment buildings with 40 to 49 floors, the fire safety zone is usually between the 22nd and 26th floors.

The refuge safety zone is a space where residents can evacuate in case of a fire, including a pump room, smoke exhaust fan room (for smoke discharge), and a pit (a vertical passageway with a flue pipe), and is not inhabited by people.

The shelter floor is generally high, with a floor height of 4.8 m to 5.5 m.

Accordingly, in the 2.85m standard floor below, the formwork frame of Alform is used, but in the refuge floor, Alform and Euroform must be used together.

In order to construct a high ceiling slab, a system scaffolding (support) must be installed, and after pouring the concrete, the support, ceiling formwork, and wall formwork must be dismantled by going inside.

Accordingly, there is a problem that a lot of cost and manpower is required during construction and dismantling after construction.

Therefore, a new construction method is needed to solve the problem of increasing the overall air space by taking a lot of time for one unusual pit layer.

The present invention is intended to solve the problems and challenges of requiring a lot of time and effort due to conventional construction in the above-mentioned apartment evacuation floor frame construction.

[Installation of the ceiling slab support]

Installing the ceiling slab formwork requires the installation of multiple system scaffolds (rigid scaffolds, joists, and supports) which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

When installing a system scaffold, 20 to 25 people must work for several days.

[Dismantling of the ceiling slab support]

After the ceiling slab has been poured and the curing period has passed, it takes a lot of time and effort to dismantle and remove the high-level system scaffolding.

The shelter floor is surrounded by walls and has small windows, so the system scaffolding is dismantled and lowered to the first floor, which increases the use of manpower, tower cranes, and hoists, hindering construction on the upper floors.

[Conventional slab formwork installation]

Since the formwork must be installed on the ceiling using wood and plywood, it takes a lot of time to transport and install the materials by hand.

[Dismantling of conventional slab formwork]

Dismantling high-altitude ceiling formwork carries a high risk of safety hazards, increasing time and costs.

[All conventional construction methods]

All the formwork is done conventionally, which greatly increases the time and cost.

[Increase in construction period]

The installation of conventional formwork requires considerable time. Typically, shelter layers take 30 to 35 days to construct.

[Suspension of finishing work]

Since construction is halted for about a month on the middle shelter, finishing work (windows, masonry, plastering, waterproofing, interior design) coming up from below is also halted, reducing the continuity of work and causing losses.

[Installation of the ceiling slab support]

To install the ceiling slab formwork at high elevations, avoid installing system scaffolding (supports). To achieve this, a non-supporting method is developed. A construction method for installing deck plates is also developed.

[Dismantling of the ceiling slab support]

This is done by installing no support and using a non-supporting method.

[Conventional slab formwork installation]

Install the deck plate.

[Installation of steel columns and beams]

To install the deck plate, steel columns and beams are installed in some sections. The deck plate is installed by being placed on the steel beams.

[Installation of angle]

If steel columns and beams are not installed, an ‘L’-shaped angle is installed on the upper part of the wall. The deck plate is installed by resting on the angle.

Additionally, embed plates and gusset plates are installed on the upper part of the wall to install the steel beam.

[Dismantling of conventional slab formwork]

Deck plates are used to eliminate dismantling work.

[Increase in construction period]

The steel frame structure of steel columns, steel beams, angles, and deck plates, combined with conventional rebar and formwork, simplifies the work and shortens the construction period to 15 to 17 days.

[Suspension of finishing work]

The construction period for the shelter floor will be shortened to minimize disruption to finishing work.

According to the present invention, the work that is omitted by installing a support beam (steel beam, angle) that can install a deck plate on the upper part of a high refuge floor wall is as follows.

1) The installation of high-floor system scaffolding is omitted.

Accordingly, transport of system scaffolding materials (multiple trucks),

Lifting materials with a tower crane (lifting),

Days of installation work by dozens of scaffolding installers

Reinforcement of the lower floor of the scaffold for high loads of the system scaffold

This is omitted.

2) The work of dismantling high-floor system scaffolding is omitted.

This resulted in several days of dismantling work by dozens of scaffolding workers.

Lowering of system scaffolding materials using tower cranes or hoists;

Transporting system scaffolding materials to the warehouse (multiple trucks)

3) Shortening the shelter layer work period

The previous 30 to 35-day work period was changed to 15 to 17 days, shortening the overall construction period by 15 to 20 days.

Shortening the construction period has the effect of reducing the cost of site managers, workers, site management fees, tower cranes, and hoist rental fees, reducing project financing interest for the association and developer, and allowing residents to move in more quickly.

4) Progress of continuous finishing work

Since the construction period is minimized in the middle section, the period during which finishing work is interrupted is also minimized, and finishing work can be carried out continuously on each floor.

Figures 1 to 28 are Example 1 according to the present invention.
Figures 29 to 31 are Example 2 according to the present invention.

Below, with reference to the attached drawings, a method for constructing a skeletal structure using a shelter deck plate support beam according to the present invention is shown.

Below is the sequence of Example 1 of the construction method according to the present invention. Example 1 is a method of installing a steel beam for supporting a deck plate for installing a deck plate on an embed plate embedded in a wall.

1) Pour concrete on the refuge floor.

2) To pour the first concrete, which is approximately half the height of the refuge floor wall (4.8m to 5.5m), install the wall reinforcement and wall formwork.

Since the height of the gang form outside the shelter layer is the height of the standard floor of the household, the shelter layer cannot be poured at once and the concrete must be poured in two parts.

3) Pour the primary concrete of the refuge floor wall.

4) To install secondary reinforcement bars on high walls, scaffolding (for reinforcement bars and formwork) is installed around the wall.

5) Install the secondary wall reinforcement.

6) At this time, an embed plate (one of the connecting materials between the wall and the steel beam) is installed to install the steel beam on the wall. The embed plate can be installed by tying it with wire using the wall steel, welding it to the steel, or attaching it to the wall formwork.

7) Install the secondary wall formwork.

8) Pour the secondary concrete on the refuge wall to complete the refuge wall (4.8m to 5.5m in height).

9) To install the supporting beams (angles, steel beams (H-beams), etc.) for the deck plate, the wall formwork at the top of the wall must be dismantled. It is advantageous to dismantle the entire wall formwork and lower it to the first floor before the ceiling is closed (before the deck plate is installed). Once the ceiling is closed, it is difficult to lift and lower it with a tower crane.

10) Install the above-mentioned support beam on the upper part of the wall. The standard deck plate can generally be installed up to 4.5 m in length. This is because the central part of the deck will sag if the deck length exceeds 4.5 m. In the area where the distance between the walls exceeds 4.5 m, install a steel beam in the middle to divide the deck length so that it does not exceed 4.5 m. If the length of the steel beam is long, the size of the steel beam member must be increased, so install a steel column in the middle to reduce the size of the steel beam.

Also, angles are installed on the wall section. Various shapes of angles can be used. The types of angles that can be used include L-shaped (equilateral, scalene), T-shaped, and I-shaped. For example, angles are installed on the upper part of the wall in the exterior wall section. The methods for attaching and fixing the angle to the upper part of the wall include placing the angle against the wall and inserting (driving) an anchor bolt into the wall from the angle side, placing and welding it to an embed plate installed on the wall, pouring concrete after installing a built-in anchor in advance inside the wall, placing the angle and fixing it to the built-in anchor with a bolt, and hanging the angle on the upper angle (an angle attached to a column or beam inside the wall). At this time, the supporting beam (angle, steel beam, etc.) must be installed when the secondary concrete of the wall has cured (hardened) to a certain extent.

11) Install the deck plate (shelter ceiling formwork) on the supporting beam. Weld the lower steel plate or lower reinforcement of the deck plate to the angle or H-shaped steel frame. Secure (weld, etc.) the reinforcing bars (upper and lower reinforcement bars) of the deck plate to the wall reinforcing bars.

12) Install slab rebar on the deck plate.

13) Complete the shelter frame by pouring concrete on the shelter ceiling (slab).

14) Insulation will be installed later on the lower steel plate of the deck plate of the refuge floor ceiling. The insulation will be fixed to the lower steel plate by shooting plastic nails or similar objects with a gun.

The above process can be summarized as follows.

As a method of skeletal construction of an apartment refuge area (pit) floor,

1) Step of installing wall reinforcement;

2) Step of installing the wall formwork;

3) Step of pouring wall concrete;

4) Step of installing a steel beam on the upper part of the above wall;

5) Step of installing a deck plate on the above steel beam;

6) Step of installing slab reinforcement on the upper part of the deck plate;

7) Step of pouring slab concrete on top of the above deck plate.

A steel member including an angle steel frame for installing a deck plate is installed on the upper part of the above wall.

Depending on the length of the above steel beam, a steel column for supporting the steel beam is installed at the lower part of the central part of the steel beam.

Install steel members including an embed plate and a gusset plate for installing a steel beam on the upper part of the above wall.

The above wall concrete is poured in two stages.

A steel column is installed at the bottom of the above steel beam.

It is constructed by attaching insulation to the bottom of the above deck plate.

The above devices are organized as follows.

As a skeletal construction device for the apartment refuge area (pit) floor,

wall frame;

Steel beam installed on the upper part of the above wall;

Steel connecting member for installing the above steel beam;

A deck plate installed on the above steel beam;

Slab reinforcement installed on the above deck plate;

It is a slab concrete poured on the above deck plate.

Angle for installing deck plate on the above wall

Embed plate and gusset plate as steel connecting members for installing the above steel beam

A steel column that supports the above steel beam and is installed under the steel beam.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above.

Angles, steel columns and steel beams may be used selectively depending on the design of the shelter.

The following Example 1 is described using drawings.

Figure 1 is a cross-section of a 49-story apartment building, with an evacuation floor located on the 26th floor in the middle. The evacuation floor has a height of 5.5 meters. The standard floor of each unit is 2.85 meters high.

Figure 2 is a floor plan of the 26th floor evacuation floor. The core (elevator, stairwell, utility pipe passage, etc.) is located at the center, and four units (apartments) are arranged in an X shape. The black lines represent the walls.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the arrangement of steel beams designed for supporting a deck plate according to the present invention (red line) on the wall, which is the black line in Fig. 2.

Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the steel beam installation on the evacuation floor at the 11 o'clock direction. Two steel beams are installed in the wide room at the top (where the smoke exhaust fan and smoke exhaust motor are installed in case of fire) at the 11 o'clock direction. The spacing between the steel beams is 2440 mm (2.4 m), and the length of the steel beams is approximately 5295 mm, the length of the room. This spacing is also the length of the deck plate. The steel beams do not penetrate the wall but can be broken at the wall. The length of the steel beam in the center is 5560 mm. If the length were longer, the beam size (height) would have to be increased. Therefore, installing a steel column in the middle would allow the steel beam size to be reduced. The installation of steel columns can be determined by the distance between the walls and the size of the room. In this case, the steel beams can be installed on an embedded plate embedded in the wall. Since steel beams cannot be directly connected to the concrete wall, a connecting member is embedded to connect the wall and the steel beam. There are various types and methods of connecting members, but the most commonly used is the embed plate.

Figure 5 illustrates the wall thickness and deck plate installation plan. The core wall, as the structural core, is 600 mm thick. The exterior wall is 300-400 mm thick, and the interior is 250 mm (25 cm). The deck plate is approximately 600 mm wide. Its length, installed between the wall and the steel beam, is approximately 2,440 mm.

Figure 6 is a one-page summary of a deck plate construction method using a steel beam according to the present invention. Each step is described below in Figure 8.

Figure 7 is a process chart of a deck plate construction method using a steel beam according to the present invention. Concrete is poured in three stages.

The construction sequence for the first stage of the shelter wall pouring is constructed according to the conventional construction method.

After pouring the concrete for the 25th floor, the gang form (form) of the exterior wall is raised, the openings of the window portion of the gang form are modified (there are fewer windows on the evacuation floor), the wall reinforcement is lifted to the 26th floor with a tower crane, and the 25th floor's alform (inner form) is dismantled.

While installing the wall reinforcement for the first section of the wall, electrical piping is also installed. Once the reinforcement is installed, the first wall formwork (using the lower layer's Alform) is installed. Then, the first wall concrete is poured. The pouring height is approximately 2.85 m, using the lower layer's Alform. The above process is conventional.

Next, in the secondary wall section, the external gang form is raised to the primary wall section, and since the height is 5.5 m, a scaffolding is installed adjacent to the wall for the workers inside. The system scaffolding is for ceiling construction and is therefore different from the scaffolding adjacent to the wall. In the present invention, the system scaffolding is not used and is deleted. If the scaffolding is not installed, the rebar and internal formwork can be installed using rental equipment (equipment that workers ride inside and go up and down). Once the secondary wall rebar is installed, the embed plate or gusset plate is installed according to the present invention. The embed plate or gusset plate is installed on the rebar. Alternatively, the embed plate can be installed by attaching bolts to the steel plate section of the embed plate, making holes in the wall formwork, and securing them with nuts. The gusset plate can be installed by protruding from the wall and installing the formwork on the left and right of the steel plate, or by making vertical grooves in the formwork so that the steel plate can protrude and be placed (installed) on the formwork. After pouring the formwork concrete, the nut gusset plate is a steel plate protruding from the wall and has a number of bolt holes. It is a connecting member that is installed by placing the steel plate (plate, supply) against the bolt holes at the end of the steel beam.

Install the secondary wall formwork, either by reusing the primary wall formwork or by using conventional Euroform. The secondary wall concrete is poured to complete the wall. The wall is poured to the bottom of the slab.

In the slab frame stage, according to the present invention, angles and steel beams (H-beams) are installed along the wall and on the upper part of the wall. At this time, since the steel beam is heavy, the wall concrete must be cured (hardened) to a certain extent so that the embed plate can be fixed. The curing time varies depending on the strength of the concrete (24 MPa, 30 MPa, etc.), and if the strength is high, it hardens quickly. Therefore, if the air is delayed and insufficient, it is advantageous to manufacture ready-mixed concrete with high strength for the secondary wall concrete and pour it. The angle according to the present invention is installed using bolts, anchors, embed plates, or angle members that connect the angle to the wall. The steel beam is installed by connecting it to the embed plate or the gusset plate protruding from the wall. Stud bolts may be installed on the upper part of the steel beam for close contact with the slab concrete.

If the length of the steel beam is long, the height or width of the steel beam will increase. In this case, if a steel column according to the present invention is installed at the midpoint of the steel beam, the length between the steel beam columns will be reduced by half, allowing the use of a smaller steel beam. However, the steel column may need to be dismantled if it interferes with the use of the room later.

Next, according to the present invention, a deck plate is installed on top of the support beam. The deck plate's joint steel plate is placed on a steel beam or angle and secured by welding. The lower lower reinforcing bars attached to the deck plate can be additionally secured to wall reinforcing bars, etc., by welding.

As described above, the first wall was poured on the fifth day, the second wall was poured on the eleventh day, and the slab concrete was poured on the seventeenth day, completing the project. The above period can be shortened by several days depending on the number of workers and the division of labor.

The construction method according to the present invention is explained below through three-dimensional drawings.

Figures 8 and 9 show the wall raised to the first level by pouring the first concrete wall. The first height is approximately 2850 mm because the lower layer's foam is used.

Figure 10 shows an image of a portion of the concrete poured on the second wall. The second wall is placed on top of the first wall. The second wall height is 2390 mm, which is the height of the ceiling surface minus the first wall height.

Fig. 11 shows an embed plate installed on the secondary upper part of a wall, embedded in the wall, and the steel plate exposed on the wall surface.

Figures 12 and 13 show the secondary concrete pouring of the wall after the installation of the embed plate. The wall formwork is dismantled the following day. The evacuation floor is uninhabited and is installed by equipment manufacturers, so the windows are small and limited in number. This demonstrates the difficulty of dismantling and removing the scaffolding system used in conventional systems.

Figure 14 illustrates a gusset plate protruding from a wall. Some of the gusset plates are installed by being embedded within the wall, while others are attached to the steel plate of the embed plate.

Figure 15 shows the installation of additional angles or steel plates for supporting steel beams by welding to the exposed lower part of the embed plate. The steel beams on the first floor are lifted to the 26th floor by a tower crane.

Figure 16 shows the installation of a steel beam on a middle wall. At this time, the steel beam is installed on an embed plate embedded in the wall.

Figure 17 illustrates the installation of a single steel beam. The ends of the steel beam are installed on either an embed plate or a protruding gusset plate, respectively. In the case of an embed plate, the steel beam is installed by welding to the steel plate, and in the case of a gusset plate, it is installed by bolting or welding with bolts.

Figure 18 shows the second steel beam installed.

Figure 19 shows the third steel beam installed. Steel beams are installed continuously in this manner.

Figure 20 illustrates the lifting of an angle. The angle is moved to the upper part of the wall using rental equipment, a tower crane, and a scaffold.

Figures 21 to 23 show angles installed along the exterior wall surface with bolts, etc., to the wall. In addition to bolts, various connecting members such as anchors and embed plates can be connected. Angle types (L-shaped, T-shaped, etc., equilateral/unequal) and sizes (100mm*100mm, 1250mm*150mm, etc.) can be used.

Figure 24 shows moving to another room to install additional angles.

Figure 25 is an image of a cross-section after the steel beam and angles have been installed. Angles are installed on the right outer wall, and steel beams are installed in the middle section between the walls.

Figure 26 shows a deck plate installed over angles and steel beams. The typical width of a deck plate is 600 mm. The lower steel plate of the deck plate is installed over the angles, not inside the wall. The upper lower steel bar attached to the deck extends into the wall and can be additionally connected to the steel bar by welding, etc. The lower steel plate of the deck is placed over the steel beam and secured by welding.

Figure 27 shows the next step of installing a deck between steel beams.

Figure 28 is a cross-section with the deck plate installed. The deck is installed on angle or steel beams.

Afterwards, reinforcing bars and electrical equipment pipes are installed on the deck plate, and then slab concrete is poured to complete the shelter frame.

Figures 29 to 31 illustrate Example 2, which illustrates an example of installing steel beams at another apartment construction site. Steel beams and steel columns can be installed in various horizontal (Figure 30) and vertical (Figure 31) configurations or standards, depending on the structure of each apartment.

The embodiments of the present invention described above and illustrated in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical concept of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is limited only by the matters set forth in the claims, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various improvements and modifications to the technical concept of the present invention. Accordingly, such improvements and modifications, as long as they are obvious to those skilled in the art, will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The method for shortening the air time of a high-rise evacuation floor using a steel structure and a deck plate according to the present invention can be implemented by establishing a design and construction method, and thus can be applied directly to an apartment construction site.

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Claims (9)

As a method of skeletal construction of an apartment refuge area (pit) floor,
1) Step of installing wall reinforcement;
2) Step of installing the wall formwork;
3) Step of pouring wall concrete;
4) Step of installing a steel beam on the upper part of the above wall;
5) Step of installing a deck plate on the above steel beam;
6) Step of installing slab reinforcement on the upper part of the deck plate;
7) Step of pouring slab concrete on top of the above deck plate
A method for constructing a skeleton of an apartment shelter (pit) floor, characterized by including In claim 1,
A method for constructing a skeleton of an apartment refuge area (pit) floor, characterized in that it further includes installing a steel member including an angle steel frame for installing a deck plate on the upper part of the wall. In claim 1,
A method for constructing a skeleton of an apartment refuge area (pit) floor, characterized in that it further includes installing a steel member including an embed plate or a gusset plate for installing a steel beam on the upper part of the wall. In claim 1,
The above wall concrete is characterized by being poured in two stages, and is a method for constructing a skeleton of an apartment refuge area (pit) floor. In claim 1,
A method for constructing a skeleton of an apartment refuge area (pit) floor, characterized by including installing a steel column at the bottom of the above steel beam. As a skeletal construction device for the apartment refuge area (pit) floor,
wall frame;
Steel beam installed on the upper part of the above wall;
Steel connecting member for installing the above steel beam;
A deck plate installed on the above steel beam;
Slab reinforcement installed on the above deck plate; and
Slab concrete poured on the above deck plate
The skeletal construction device of the apartment refuge area (pit) floor characterized by including In claim 7,
A skeletal construction device for an apartment refuge area (pit) floor characterized in that a steel member including an angle steel frame for installing a deck plate on the above wall is further installed. In claim 7,
The steel connecting member for installing the above steel beam is characterized by including an embed plate or a gusset plate, and is a skeletal construction device for the apartment refuge area (pit) floor. In claim 7,
A skeletal construction device for an apartment refuge area (pit) floor, characterized by supporting the above steel beam and including a steel column installed under the steel beam.