KR20190048451A - Molecular marker for discriminating purple color of Perilla leaf and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a primer set for discriminating purple color of perilla leaves, comprising an oligonucleotide primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3; a kit for discriminating purple color of perilla leaves using the primer set; and a method of discriminating purple color of perilla leaves. The primer set of the present invention can easily, quickly, and accurately discriminate whether the back side of perilla leaves is purple at an early stage of cultivation, and thus can be effectively used for breeding a new variety of perilla.

Description

Molecular markers for discriminating purple from perilla leaves and their uses {Molecular marker for discriminating purple color of Perilla leaf and uses thereof}

The present invention relates to molecular markers for purple identification of perilla leaves and uses thereof.

As the development of mass markers through NGS (next generation sequencing) becomes more important, it is becoming more and more important to base sequence determination technology and high-density gene mapping for easy, fast, economical and efficient marker development. The existing NGS method is able to decode the nucleotide sequences of all regions of the genome, but it is costly and provides more information than necessary, thus degrading the analysis efficiency. Recently, a rapidly growing GBS (genotyping by sequencing) system was first reported in Cornell University in 2011 by researchers at Cornell University in the United States, and has been actively studied overseas for materials such as barley, wheat, and soybeans. GBS technology can be very useful as an efficient genome-level diagnostic system for a variety of samples for cultivating new crops, selecting pure plants, and analyzing relationships.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a single nucleotide difference in DNA between individuals. Frequent SNPs appearing in the genome of a plant are mapped by gene mapping, marker assisted breeding, and map-based cloning cloning. SNPs are the most common genomic markers, and various SNP detection methods and experimental equipments have been developed in consideration of the ease and cost of the experiment to detect such SNPs.

Perilla (Perilla frutescens L. Britt) is an annual herb of the Lamiaceae (Labiatae), native to eastern Asia and the highlands, including the Korean Peninsula. Perilla is an oilseed crop that extracts perilla oil. It can harvest leaf (leaf) during its growth and can also be used for food. Perilla leaves can be eaten as side dishes such as herbs side dishes, pickles, and sesame leaf kimchi. In recent years, perilla has been cultivated mainly for the purpose of harvesting seed oil. Recently, the perilla variety has been developed due to the increase of meat consumption, the development of eating culture, and the rapid growth of the consumption of vegetable vegetables by the well-being craze. . Therefore, it is expected that the use of perilla leaves will be of great value in industrial use if they are applied to various fields of food and medicine. Perilla aldehyde, rosemary, anthocyanin, caffeic acid, etc. have been reported as a material showing perilla leaf functionality. Since these components have high water solubility, high bioavailability can be expected when they are ingested.

Especially, it is known that the content of anthocyanin is high when the back side of the perilla leaves is purple. Anthocyanin is a flavonoid-based water-soluble pigment that determines plant leaves, flowers and fruit blue, purple and red, and plays an important role in plant growth and development. Flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins, function as antioxidants to protect plants from damage to insects and external stresses (that is, to provide biological and non-biological stress resistance), particularly to prevent damage by active oxygen. In addition, anthocyanin also plays a role as an antioxidant in humans, thereby reducing apoptosis and preventing cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, inflammation, viral infection and obesity.

Korean Patent No. 1036609 discloses an omega-3 perilla tea using perilla leaves and perilla and a method for producing the same. Korean Patent No. 0326841 discloses a method for separating and purifying high purity rosmarinic acid from perilla leaves However, the molecular markers for purple identification of perilla leaves of the present invention and their uses have not been described.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems , and it is an object of the present invention to provide an F2 hybridization group which is obtained by interspecific hybridization of purple perilla citrus ( Perilla citriodora ) and green P. crassifolia ( P. hirtella ) Genomic sequence analysis was performed to identify SNP markers. Using the primers capable of amplifying the SNP markers, genetic diversity among the F2 mating groups was analyzed. As a result, SNP markers of the present invention and primer sets thereof were found to be purple The present invention has been accomplished.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a primer set for discriminating purple of perilla leaves comprising an oligonucleotide primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3.

Further, the present invention provides a primer set comprising: the primer set; And a reagent for carrying out an amplification reaction.

Further, the present invention provides a method for discriminating purple color of perilla leaves using the primer set.

The molecular markers for the purple identification of perilla leaves according to the present invention are expected to be useful for high value-added perilla breeding and breeding because they can promptly and accurately grasp the purple color of leaves in young individuals without purple color expression do.

FIG. 1 shows results of analysis of the sequence of the perilla F2 mating group using the next generation sequencing method.
FIG. 2 shows the result of analyzing the color of the leaf back surface of the F2 mating group of the perilla lemongrass and the parent bombyx lobulus.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the quantitative trait locus (LG3) associated with the purple trait of perilla leaves, and the position of an anthocyanin biosynthesis-related WD40, bHLH DNA-binding protein, Myb domain protein coding gene and SNP marker candidate. The inverted triangle means SNP.
Figure 4 shows the results of rhAmp SNP genotype analysis using the final selected bHLH DNA-binding protein and the SNP between WD40 (PLCM_2). A; A graph showing the detection results of purple leaf traits (FAM, A type) and green leaf traits (VIC, B type) using fluorescent substances (FAM, VIC) A schematic diagram showing alleles associated with purple leaves (A type, A), light purple leaves (Hetero, M) and green leaves (B type, C) A table showing the results of discriminating the color of perilla leaves according to the SNP types in 15 F2 mating groups.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a primer set for discriminating purple of perilla leaves comprising an oligonucleotide primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3.

The primer set of the present invention can be used to perform a rhPCR (RNase H-dependent PCR) reaction. The rhPCR is a PCR method using ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2), which specifically degrades only double-stranded DNA / RNA hybridized RNA. The primer set for rhPCR reaction is a 5 'to 3' Allele-specific primers 1 and 2, which are made in the form of RNA base sequences complementary to the target sequence immediately adjacent to the SNP position base, DNA base sequence targeting the sequence adjacent to the position base, Specific primer consisting of a DNA base sequence complementary to the target sequence and an RNA base sequence. The allele specific primers 1 and 2 are primers differing only in the sequence of the SNP position base.

In the primer set according to the present invention, the oligonucleotide primers of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 are respectively allele specific primers 1 and 2, and the oligonucleotide primer of SEQ ID NO: 3 is a left specific primer. In the oligonucleotide primers of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2, the 24th nucleotide in the sequence is the SNP position base, and the 25th to 29th nucleotides are the RNA base (Table 7). In addition, the oligonucleotide primer of SEQ ID NO: 3 may further include, but is not limited to, a base of GC to stabilize the RNA base in the sequence at the 5 'end.

The rhPCR technique recognizes RNA / DNA duplexes in which RNase H2 binds template DNA with allele-specific primers containing RNA bases in the annealing process between the primer and template DNA in the amplification step, , And the polymerization reaction is initiated by a modified polymerase capable of highly recognizing the hydroxyl group (-OH) at the 3 'end generated through RNA degradation (cleavage) of RNase H2.

In the primer set according to one embodiment of the present invention, the primer set of SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 can discriminate the breed which is purple on the back side of the perilla leaf, and the primer set of SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: Can be distinguished.

The primers of the present invention may also include additional, deleted or substituted sequences of the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NOS: 1, 2 and 3.

In the present invention, a "primer" refers to a single strand oligonucleotide sequence complementary to a nucleic acid strand to be copied, and may serve as a starting point for synthesis of a primer extension product. The length and sequence of the primer should allow the synthesis of the extension product to begin. The specific length and sequence of the primer will depend on the primer usage conditions such as temperature and ionic strength, as well as the complexity of the desired DNA or RNA target.

In the present invention, the oligonucleotide used as a primer may also include a nucleotide analogue such as phosphorothioate, alkylphosphorothioate, or peptide nucleic acid, or And may include an intercalating agent.

The present invention also relates to a primer set according to the present invention; And a reagent for carrying out an amplification reaction.

In the kit of the present invention, the reagent for carrying out the amplification reaction may include RNase H, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, buffer and the like. In addition, the kit of the present invention may further comprise a probe capable of binding to the amplification product.

The term " probe " in the present invention means a hybridization probe, which is a linear oligomer having a natural or modified monomer or bond, including a deoxyribonucleotide and a ribonucleotide capable of sequence-specific binding to a complementary strand of a nucleic acid, But may be in the form of a fluorescent substance bound to the 5 'or 3' end, but is not limited thereto.

In addition, the kit of the present invention may further include a user guide describing optimal reaction performing conditions. The manual is a printed document that explains how to use the kit, for example, how to prepare PCR buffer, the reaction conditions presented, and so on. The manual includes instructions on the surface of the package including a brochure or leaflet in the form of a brochure, a label attached to the kit, and a kit. In addition, the brochure includes information that is disclosed or provided through an electronic medium such as the Internet.

In addition,

Isolating the genomic DNA from the perilla leaf sample;

Amplifying the target sequence by using the separated genomic DNA as a template and performing an amplification reaction using the primer set; And

And detecting the product of the amplification step. The present invention also provides a method for determining the purple color of perilla leaves.

The method of the present invention comprises isolating genomic DNA from a perilla leaf sample. As a method for separating the genomic DNA from the perilla leaf sample, a method known in the art may be used. For example, the CTAB method may be used, or a Wizard prep kit (Promega) may be used. Using the separated genomic DNA as a template, an amplification reaction may be performed using a primer set according to an embodiment of the present invention to amplify the target sequence.

In the method of the present invention, the amplified target sequence may be labeled with a detectable labeling substance. In one embodiment, the labeling material can be, but is not limited to, a fluorescent, phosphorescent or radioactive substance. Preferably, the labeling material is 6-FAM (6-Carboxyfluorescein), NED, VIC, PET or ROX. When the target sequence is amplified, 6-FAM, NED, VIC, PET or ROX is labeled at the 5'-end of the primer and PCR is carried out. The target sequence may be labeled with a detectable fluorescent labeling substance. Alternatively, when the labeling substance is bound to the 5'-end of a probe that can hybridize to the amplification sequence, when the PCR is performed, the probe hybridizes to the amplified product, and the fluorescent substance is labeled in proportion to the amount of the amplification product . Also, the labeling substance may include Cy-5 or Cy-3. When the radioactive isotope such as ³² P or ³⁵ S is added to the PCR reaction solution, the amplification product may be synthesized and the radioactive substance may be incorporated into the amplification product and the amplification product may be labeled as radioactive.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the purple color of the perilla leaves comprises the step of detecting the amplification product, wherein the detection of the amplification product comprises DNA chip, gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, But not limited to, fluorescence measurement or phosphorescence measurement.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. However, the following examples are illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1. Preparation of samples and extraction of genomic DNA

Perilla frutescens L. Britt.) To obtain genetic information, F1 generations were obtained by using P. citriodora , a purple backside of leaves, as a replica of P. hirtella with green leaf backing , And 96 individual F2 mating groups were obtained through interspecific hybridization. Genomic DNA was extracted using CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) method using the leaves of the F2 mating group.

Example  2. Lemon peel and Bifurcate lobular  F2 group In 96 strains Msp I and Pst I  Restriction enzyme treatment and genotyping by sequencing library production

The DNA thus extracted was digested with restriction enzymes Msp I and Pst I and then a barcode and an adapter sequence were ligated to the cut DNA fragment to obtain 96 samples of plural samples The next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed with Illumina Hiseq 2000 (Illumina, Denmark) using the prepared GBS library. As a result, a genome sequence of about 51 Gbp in length was obtained (Table 1).

GBS results using Msp I & Pst I restriction enzyme File name Number of raw reads Average length Total length (bp) TN1604L0104_1.fastq 257,280,053 101 25,985,285,353 TN1604L0104_2.fastq 257,280,053 101 25,985,285,353 Sum 514, 560, 106 51,970,570,706

Example  3. Demultiplexing ( demultiplexing ) And genome-wide SNP analysis

3-1. GBS Demultiplexing of data  And preprocessing

The F2 mating group of 96 individuals was demultiplexed according to the bar code sequence and the bar code and adapter sequence were removed and the sequence quality was analyzed using the SolexaQA package (version 1.13) using a phred score of 20 . One of the bases having a base sequence of less than 20 was removed, and only the base sequences having a length of 25 bp or more were selected.

As a result, 459,068,228 trimmed short reads were obtained, which was found to be 91.22% of 5,241,830 raw reads (Tables 2 and 3).

3-2. Of the pretreatment base sequence for the standard genome  Alignment

In order to extract SNPs from the selected nucleotide sequences, a perilla genome draft (standard genome, provided by Dr. Tae-Ho Kim (National Academy of Agricultural Science)) was aligned using a sort program BWA (Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, version 0.6.1) respectively. Program options include defaults of up to 2 mismatches and seed length 27 settings.

As a result, 4,104,955 leads (85.84%) out of the 459,068,228 shorted reads were mapped and the lead mapping area was checked to find that the average read depth was 67.17X (Fig. 1). When we aimed to obtain more than 1,000,000 leads per system, we could obtain the target value in most strains and compared with the GBS library using the Apk I restriction enzyme, the GBS data using Msp I & Pst I restriction enzyme High lead depth can be ensured, and the SNP accuracy is expected to be high.

3-3. SNP search and Filtering  Genetic mapping through

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker candidates were searched from the sorted nucleotide sequences using SAMtools (version 0.1.16), a publicized nucleotide sequence extraction program. In order to analyze the SNP with high accuracy, most of the program options are applied. In order to analyze the SNP with high accuracy, the alignment quality value is set to 30 higher than the basic value of 25, and at least three SNRs extracted from the aligned positions Were selected.

In order to secure the SNPs existing between the parent and the mating parent, the SNPs between the standard genome and the bovine lobular lobes with green backs and the SNP between the standard genomes and the lemon lobes with purple behind the leaves were respectively extracted and the SNPs between the parents and the parents Were identified. Then, the final markers were selected from the SNPs between the Bombyx lobulifolia and the lemon perilla seeds, and gene maps were generated using an ICS (inclusive composite interval mapping) program.

The GBS library constructed using the restriction enzymes Msp 1 and Pst 1 was subjected to a total of 7 steps of SNP filtering (Table 4), and 10 association groups were formed using a total of 2,518 SNPs , And the total dielectric distance was 1,309.39 cM and the average dielectric distance between markers was 0.56 cM (Table 5).

GBS library SNP filtering statistics using Msp 1 and Pst 1 restriction enzymes number Analysis item Number of SNPs (SNP loci) One Total SNP loci 91,132 2 Missing data 38,668 3 MAF (minor allele frequency) 14,223 4 Polymorphic SNP loci between parents 9,607 5 SNP remark (genotype code conversion) 9,445 6 Identical genotype filtering 7,669 7 joinmap Selection of available markers 2,518

Statistics of genetic map generated using F2 mating group of perilla Association Number of Markers Length (cM) Average length between markers (cM) LG 1 661 271.86 0.41 LG 2 182 154.68 0.85 LG 3 254 154.54 0.61 LG 4 233 100.84 0.43 LG 5 279 164.90 0.59 LG 6 195 57.26 0.30 LG 7 247 158.66 0.64 LG 8 204 97.36 0.48 LG 9 203 103.49 0.51 LG 10 60 45.8 0.78 Sum 2518 1309.39 0.56

Example  4. QTL  Mapping and Marker  Candidate selection

The color of the back side of leaves of 96 individuals of F2 mating group of purple perilla leaves and purple lemon leaves on the back side of the leaf was visually analyzed to find 20 purple individuals, 14 green individuals, It was confirmed that 62 individuals were light purple (Fig. 2).

In addition, qualitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of traits with purple color on the back of the leaves was performed using the Windows QTL Cartographer (version 2.5) (WinQTLCart) program using the Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) The experiment was repeated 500 times at the significance level, and a significant LOD (logarithm of the odds) value was confirmed.

As a result, the QTL related to purple color on the back of perilla leaves was confirmed only in the 3-link group composed of 12 markers, the LOD value for QTL was in the range of 14.3 to 18.29, and the description ratio of QTL for phenotype variation was 41 to 48 %, And purple leaves were dominant (Table 6).

Quantitative trait locus of purple perilla leaf (QTL) Leaf
Color LG ^a Marker Position
(cM) ^b LOD ^c PVE (%) ^d Add ^e Dom ^f | D / a | ^g LC 3 scaffold8_17172553 94.38 14.48 41 -0.51 0.05 A scaffold8_17004842 94.38 14.94 42 -0.53 0.05 A scaffold8_17030380 95.59 15.53 43 -0.55 0.06 A scaffold8_16101189 96.12 16.45 45 -0.57 0.08 A scaffold8_14696338 97.19 15.72 44 -0.55 0.05 A scaffold8_14806662 97.87 15.23 43 -0.57 0.12 PD scaffold8_14219959 98.52 16.41 45 -0.59 0.15 PD scaffold8_12737907 102.39 17.39 47 -0.64 0.18 PD scaffold8_12548782 103.67 15.79 44 -0.61 0.18 PD scaffold8_12511056 104.3 16.43 45 -0.60 0.14 PD scaffold8_12611865 104.94 17.26 46 -0.63 0.13 PD scaffold8_12737895 105.54 18.29 48 -0.64 0.12 A

a; Linkage group

b; Genetic distance from marker

c; LOD value according to QTL analysis (LOD threshold value = 3.0)

d; The rate at which the mutation is described by the QTL under H0: H3 at the test location (the extent to which the marker affects the leaf color)

e; Additive effect under H1 (additive effect of marker on Leaf Color trait)

f; Dominant effect under H2 (dominant effect of marker on Leaf Color trait)

g; Estimation of gene function (A: additive effect 0-0.2, PD: partial dominance 0.21-0.80, D: dominance 0.81-1.2, OD: superpower> 1.20)

In order to identify the SNP markers in the perilla genes, which are purple on the back of the leaves, we analyzed the previously reported lemon perilla transcript assembly sequences and identified 360 perilla genes from the purple leaf QTL. In addition, WD40 (WD-repeat), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) DNA-binding protein and Myb domain protein, known as regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis associated with purple in Arabidopsis thaliana, Three perilla transcript sequences with sequence similarity were identified by comparing the perilla genes (Fig. 3).

As a result of confirming the SNPs in the above three genes, SNPs showing parental parental polymorphism were not confirmed in WD40 and two SNPs showing parental parental polymorphism were found in Myb. However, when applied to F2 mating group, We could not confirm the trait and its relationship. On the other hand, in bHLH, not only two SNPs showing parental parental polymorphism were identified, but also one SNP related to the purple trait of the leaf was identified when applied to the F2 mating group, which was named PLCM_1 (G / A). As a result of analysis of SNPs in the regions surrounding the above three genes, two SNPs correlated with the purple traits of the leaf back between bHLH and WD40 were identified, and these were identified as PLCM_2 (A / C) and PLCM_3 ).

Example  5. rhAmp  SNP genotype analysis genotyping SNP verification through

RhAmp SNP genotyping analysis was carried out to identify the purple coloring ability of three purple candidate SNPs on the back of the selected perilla leaf. Five SNP genotypes were selected according to three SNP types, and a total of 15 F2 mating groups Respectively.

Alleles specific primers were designed according to the type of SNP, and RNA base was connected to the 3 'end of the primer, so that RNase H2 was able to react. Each allele-specific primer contained a universal sequence according to the type of SNP so that a probe having FAM or VIC bound thereto reacted according to each commercially available sequence. A locus specific primer (PLCM Specific primer) was also prepared by adding GC to the end of the sequence to stabilize the RNA base in the sequence (Table 7). In each allele specific primer in Table 7, the PLCM specific primer is a forward primer, and primer 1 and primer 2 are reverse primers. In the case of PLCM_3, the direction of sequence is opposite to that of forward direction.

PCR analysis using the allele-specific primers and the left specific primers was performed according to the manufacturer's method using rhAmp SNP Assays (Integrated DNA Technologies, USA). Concretely, 1.1 μl of distilled water was added to 1 μl of genomic DNA (10 ng / μl), 2.5 μl of rhAmp Genotyping Master Mix (2x), 0.15 μl of rhAmp Reporter Mix (40x) and 0.25 μl of rhAmp SNP Assay , And a total volume of 5 [mu] l. The amplification reaction was performed using the CFX96 Touch ™ Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, California, USA). Amplification conditions were: initial denaturation step 95 캜, 10 min; Denaturation step was performed 40 times at 95 캜, 10 seconds → coupling step 60 ° C, 30 seconds → extension step 68 ° C, 20 seconds; FAM and VIC fluorescence were detected and analyzed at 68 ° C for 20 seconds. Experiments were repeated twice each and SNP types were identified according to the type of fluorescence finally confirmed.

As a result, PCR amplification did not occur in PLCM_1 and PLCM_3. In PLCM_2, five F2 mating groups with purple behind the leaf were identified in the allele specific primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, and this was A type such as lemon perilla Could know. In addition, 5 allele-specific primers of SEQ ID NO: 1 of PLCM_2 were identified as five F2 mating groups with a green leaf backing. As a result, it was found to be a B type such as subunit bacillary lobules, and five F2 hybrid The group was confirmed to be a hetero type (Fig. 4).

From the above results, a base genotype of 'A' was confirmed in purple perilla of leaves, and a base genotype of 'C' was found in green perilla of leaves. Thus, the marker of the present invention and the marker were amplified It was confirmed that the primer could distinguish the color of perilla leaves.

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Claims (5)

A primer set for purple perilla leaf comprising an oligonucleotide primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3. A primer set according to claim 1; And a purple discriminating kit of perilla leaves comprising a reagent for carrying out an amplification reaction. 3. The kit according to claim 2, wherein the reagent for carrying out the amplification reaction comprises RNase H, a DNA polymerase, dNTPs and a buffer. Isolating the genomic DNA from the perilla leaf sample;
Amplifying the target sequence by performing amplification reaction using the separated genomic DNA as a template and using the primer set according to claim 1; And
And detecting the product of said amplifying step. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the detection of the product of the amplification step is performed by DNA chip, gel electrophoresis, radioactivity measurement, fluorescence measurement or phosphorescence measurement.

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