KR20140116785A - Dynamically located onscreen keyboard - Google Patents

Abstract

A touch sensitive display surface with touch capacitive and vibration sensors is provided. This surface allows the user to place their fingers on the keys of the on-screen keyboard and type them as on a regular keyboard. When the user places their finger on the touch screen, the system relocates the on-screen keyboard to the position where the finger is placed. The touch sensor reports to the processor the signal strength level of each touched key, but the keystroke is not issued by the processor until a corresponding "tap" (i.e., vibration) is detected. When a tap is detected, the processor refers to the state of the touch capacitive sensor before, during, and / or immediately after the instant the tap was generated. The size, position, and orientation of the on-screen keyboard keys are set dynamically as determined by placing their fingers temporarily on the virtual home-row by the user initiating the home-row provisioning event.

Description

A dynamically positioned on-screen keyboard {DYNAMICALLY LOCATED ONSCREEN KEYBOARD}

The present invention relates to a soft touch sensitive surface that allows a user to place their hands or fingers on a surface without causing an event action. More specifically, the touch surface is a dynamic display that provides an on-screen keyboard that is used to input text and commands.

The origin of modern keyboards as the primary method for entering text and data from human to machine dates back to the early 19th century typewriter. As computers have been developed, it has been a natural evolution to adapt the typewriter keyboard to be used as the main method for entering text and data. While the typewriter and subsequently the implementation of the keys on the computer keyboard evolved from mechanical to electrical and eventually to electronic, the size, placement and mechanical properties of the keys themselves remained largely unchanged.

Computers evolved from a "desktop" configuration into a more portable configuration, such as "laptop", "notebook", "netbook" or "portable" Such a laptop computer typically has an integrated mechanical keyboard as part of the device. This type of integrated keyboard has the advantage of being similar in size and feel to the standalone keyboard typically used with desktop computers. However, by including a keyboard, the portable computer has two parts, a display and a keyboard. Most portable computer models have a "clamshell " design in which the keyboard portion forms the base and the display portion forms the lid. Thus, when a portable computer has a keyboard, the size is about twice that required when the keyboard is absent.

For the past decade, a new form of portable computing device has emerged, commonly referred to as a "tablet" computer. This type of portable computing device typically does not have an integrated keyboard, but instead relies only on the touch as a primary means of a human-computer interface. Many people believe that tablets integrated into everyday life and ultimately the "touch surface" will be a standard way for humans to interface with "computers" in the future.

While this new paradigm's touch-centric computing has many advantages, one notable disadvantage is the lack of a keyboard. Although an external physical keyboard can typically be connected to a touch screen computer, this sometimes destroys the purpose of the device and nullifies its advantages for a conventional laptop computer.

As the evolution of computing devices evolves toward a touch-based user interface, the natural evolution of the notion of a keyboard has put the keyboard into a virtual world of computer displays.

U.S. Patent No. 4,725,694 to Auer et al. Discloses a system in which one or more simulated keyboard images are displayed on a touch sensitive screen of a computer and generate appropriate control signals in response to touches of the simulated keys. In the subsequent refinement of this concept, the image of the keyboard is displayed floating over another application running on the computer rather than occupying a dedicated portion of the screen. The user interacts with the "on-screen keyboard" or "virtual keyboard" by directing the cursor pointer over it or by touching the key directly through the touch screen using a finger or stylus.

The on-screen keyboard, such as that disclosed in Oerr patent, is a standard keyboard-less device, such as a particular public information kiosk and a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a tablet, and other handheld computers that are too small to accommodate a physical keyboard It was mainly used as a dragon. On-screen keyboards are also frequently used by persons with physical impairments that can not use conventional electromechanical keyboards.

Small touch screen devices such as PDAs and smart phones do not have enough screen size to be able to type on an on-screen keyboard using conventional methods of touch typing with a plurality of fingers. As a result, many inventions are seeking to provide alternative text input methods that require less physical space than conventional keyboard layouts.

U.S. Patent No. 5,818,437 to Grover et al. Discloses a system in which the number of separate keys required is reduced by assigning a plurality of characters to each key. Other inventions having a similar purpose to reduce the size of the on-screen keyboard and / or to facilitate text entry on a small screen are disclosed in Lee, U.S. Patent No. 6,292,179; U.S. Patent No. 5,128,672 to Kaehler; U.S. Patent No. 5,748,512 to Vargas; U.S. Patent No. 5,574,482 to Niemeier; U.S. Patent No. 6,008,799 to Van Kleeck; And US Patent No. 6,031,525 to Perlin.

Although these inventions have different advantages of entering text on a small on-screen keyboard, these inventions do not allow text to be entered at a rate comparable to standard "ten-finger" typing on conventional keyboards.

In an effort to improve typing speed, Robinson et al., U.S. Patent 7,277,088, discloses that the user is less accurate by disambiguation algorithms when selecting each letter of a word in a key of the on-screen keyboard A system is disclosed. Allowing less precision will probably allow the user to type faster.

U.S. Patent No. 7,098,896 to Kushler et al. Describes a key for representing the first letter of a desired word and then sliding the key from the key representing the next letter of each word while maintaining contact with the touch surface (Or stylus) text input caused by a user performing a task. This has the advantage of accelerating text input by eliminating the up and down actions for each character on the on-screen keyboard. The clarification algorithm further increases the speed by allowing the user to do less accurate when selecting each character.

Swype®, a commercial version of the technology developed by Ksler and others, has set the world record for fastest typing on smartphones. The person breaking the record enters the predefined phrase at a rate of 61 words per minute. Although this speed is remarkable, it is still far below the highest possible speed when using 10-finger typing based on single-finger input.

Another method is to use a speech recognition system to input text by verbal utterance. Although this technique has greatly improved in recent years, there are many cases where the text input by verbal utterance is not desired by the user (for example, the privacy of another person within the audible range, If consideration is required). Therefore, there is still a need for an alternative way of entering text through some kind of keyboard paradigm.

Thus, for a large touch screen capable of accommodating 10-finger typing, it is desirable to find a faster text input method that more closely matches the mastering typed style on a conventional keyboard. There are three major challenges to doing this. First, overcome the relatively large amount of display area required for a 10-finger on-screen keyboard; second, overcome the lack of haptic feedback common to mechanical keyboards; and, third, It allows users to place their fingers in a "home-row" position on the on-screen keyboard, just as on an electromechanical keyboard.

U.S. Patent Application 2009/0073128 to Marsden et al. Discloses a method and system for detecting a user using both a touch sensor and a vibration sensor, both of which allow a user to rest his finger on a touch sensitive surface, Thereby overcoming the problem. However, this method assumes that the keyboard keys are in a fixed position, thus taking up substantial space in the dynamic display of the portable device. In addition, since the positions of the keys are fixed, the user must take care to ensure that their fingers tap at the correct location. A tactile marker, such as a keyed indent, helps the user feel the key without staring. However, it is impractical to place a touch marker on a touch screen device.

Conventional electromechanical keyboards have long used the concept of a "home-row, " a key that directs and disables their fingers when the user prepares the type. This concept is especially important for users who are familiar with 10-finger typing without looking at the keys. By including a home-row oriented (including using special "markers " appearing in certain keys of the home-row), the user recognizes where to move their fingers to type the desired letters, symbols, numbers or functions. This allows users to quickly type without having to look at their fingers and instead focus on the text they are composing.

Due to the prevalence of today's computer, email, and text messaging, the percentage of "touch typing" is much higher than in previous generations (when the typing category is normally available only to those seeking a career in the secretarial profession). In fact, the skill of dealing with these keyboards is now being taught early in the curriculum of young students. 10-Finger (or "touch") typing is still the fastest and most reliable known method of composing text.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a system and method that allows a user to dormant a finger on a key of an onscreen keyboard displayed on a touch sensitive screen and dynamically define the position, orientation, shape and size of the onscreen keyboard. Instead of paying attention to putting a finger on a key (typically a key that requires a touch marker on the key), the system dynamically moves the position of the on-screen keyboard to where the user's finger is already dormant.

In one aspect of the present invention, the process defines a "home-row provisioning event" which is an action performed by a user to redefine where the home-row of the on-screen keyboard is located. This position is dynamically established based on user actions.

In another aspect of the invention, the home-row provisioning event is defined when the user simultaneously pauses all four fingers of both hands on the touch sensitive surface for a predetermined period of time (e.g., one second).

In another aspect of the invention, a home-row provisioning event is defined when a user double-taps all four fingers of both hands at the touch sensitive surface, and then hides the finger at the surface after the second tapping.

In another aspect of the invention, a home-row provisioning event is defined when a user causes all four fingers of both hands to be simultaneously dormant at the touch sensitive surface, and then momentarily down the finger.

This action (and other actions) is initiated by the user to indicate to the system that the user's finger is in a home-low idle position. The system of the present invention then directs the on-screen keyboard accordingly. It should be noted that the keys of the home-row do not need to be on a continuous line (as in most electromechanical keyboards). Rather, the position of each key in the home-row is defined by the placement of the user's eight fingers during a home-row defining event sensed by the touch sensor, then extrapolated to keys that are not " lt; / RTI > In this way, the groove-row can follow two separate lines, one for each hand placement, or form two curves.

This method requires that the system of the present invention distinguish between what the user is putting their finger on and hitting their finger on the touch sensitive display surface and what the user intends to type by tapping on the virtual key. Such a method is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 2009/0073128 to Marsden.

When a home-row policy event occurs, the system provides feedback to the user in a number of ways. In one aspect of the invention, the system provides visual feedback by having an on-screen keyboard appear below the user's fingers. In another aspect of the invention, the system provides an audible cue. In another aspect of the invention, the system causes the touch screen to vibrate momentarily.

In one aspect of the invention, depending on the preference of the user, the on-screen keyboard remains continuously visible during the occurrence of the typing. Alternatively, the on-screen keyboard becomes transparent after the home-row provisioning event. In another aspect of the invention, the on-screen keyboard is translucent so that the user can view the content in the screen through the keyboard.

In another aspect of the invention, the on-screen keyboard cycles between a visual and a non-visual state as the user types. Each time a user taps on a "hidden" onscreen keyboard, the onscreen keyboard appears momentarily, then disappears after the amount of time that the user can set.

In another aspect of the invention, only a particular key is visualized after each keystroke. The keys that are temporarily visualized are those that are most likely to follow the immediately preceding text input sequence (determined by the words and text database stored in the system).

In another aspect of the present invention, an on-screen keyboard is temporarily visualized when a user pausing the finger in the home-low position punches the surface with his or her resting finger.

In another aspect of the present invention, an on-screen keyboard is visualized when a user performs a predefined operation, e.g., double tapping or triple tapping, at the edge of the enclosure outside the touch sensor area.

In one aspect of the invention, the home-row hibernation key is defined as eight keys in which the four fingers of each hand are idle. In another aspect of the invention, the dormant key may be less than eight keys to accommodate users who do not use all eight fingers.

In another aspect of the invention, the system clarifies which key was intended in accordance with the movement of a particular finger in the intended direction. For example, a user can lift a finger finger, lower it slightly downward, and then tap it. The user did not move too much to reach the virtual position of the adjacent key, but their intent was to explicitly select the adjacent key since the fingers moved a predetermined threshold distance from their rest position and tapped in the direction of the adjacent key. In this example, the system will select the neighbor key even if the tap did not occur in the neighbor key.

In another aspect of the invention, the system adjusts the probability that each key is selected according to a text sequence immediately preceding it. This probability is used in conjunction with the tap location algorithm described above to determine the most likely key that the user is going to tap.

In another aspect of the invention, the system automatically calculates "user drift " when the user types on an on-screen keyboard. Without the tactile benefit of each key, it is easy for the user to move their hands slightly when typing. The system tracks this behavior by comparing the center of the intended key with the actual location that the user tapped. If a consistent drift is detected in the space of consecutive key events, the system moves the keys accordingly to accommodate the drift. Again, instead of the user being careful where the key is, the system moves the key to where the user's finger is already located.

If the user drift is too far to the point of deviating from the touch sensitive area, the system warns the user using an audible cue, visual cue and / or vibration cue.

In another aspect of the invention, the method and system monitor user tabs on the surface of the portable computing device, but do not monitor user tabs within the bounds of the touch sensor. For example, the user may tap the edge of the device enclosure to indicate the space bar operation. Similar to other tap events, the system correlates signals from the touch sensor and the vibration sensor to determine the tap position. When the absence of the signal is detected by the touch sensor. The system recognizes the event as an "external tap" (i.e., a tap on the device surface outside the boundary of the touch sensor). The outer tabs generate unique vibration waveforms depending on their location in the enclosure. The characteristics of these waveforms are stored in the database and used to uniquely identify the general location of the external taps. The external tab, once identified, can be designated as a keyboard function (e.g., space or backspace).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Preferred embodiments and alternative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary system configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
2A-2F are flow diagrams of an exemplary process performed by the system shown in FIG.
3A is a schematic diagram of a tablet device having a planar surface virtual keyboard formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figures 3b and 3c show a keyboard display formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

1 is a block diagram of an exemplary apparatus 100 for providing an adaptive on-screen keyboard user interface for alphanumeric input. The apparatus 100 includes one or more touch sensors 120 that provide inputs to a CPU (processor) The touch sensor 120 notifies the processor 110 of a touch event when the surface is touched. In one embodiment, touch sensor 120 or processor 110 interprets a raw signal generated by touch sensor 120 using known communication protocols by available data ports, To the processor (110). The apparatus 100 includes one or more vibration sensors 130 that communicate signals to the processor 110 in a manner similar to that of the touch sensor 120 when the surface is tapped. The processor 110 generates a keyboard image and the keyboard image appears on the display 140 (touch surface) based on the signal received from the sensors 120,130. Speaker 150 is also coupled to processor 110 so that any suitable audible signal is delivered to the user as guidance (e.g., an error signal). A vibrator 155 is also coupled to the processor 110 to provide the user with appropriate tactile feedback (e. G., An error signal). The processor 110 is in data communication with the memory 160 and the memory 160 may be a combination of temporary and / or persistent storage and read only and writeable memory (random access memory (RAM)), read only memory ), Writable nonvolatile memory such as flash memory, hard drive, floppy disk, and the like. The memory 160 includes a program memory 170 including all programs and software such as an operating system 171, an adaptive on-screen keyboard ("OSK") software component 172, and any other application programs 173 . The memory 160 also includes a data memory 180 containing a word database 181, a record 182 of user options and preferences, and any other data 183 required by any element of the device 100 .

When the processor 110 detects a home-row event based on a signal from the sensors 120 and 130, the processor 110 locates the virtual on-screen keyboard below the user's finger on the display 140. When the user types, the processor 110 may be configured to permanently monitor the placement of the user's fingers, as well as the tapping position for each key actuation, and to position each key (" And the entire keyboard). In this way, the user can "drift ", i.e., calculate the movement of the user's finger from the original position of the on-screen keyboard. If the user drift is too far in one direction until it reaches the edge of the touch sensor area, the processor 110 outputs audible and / or tactile warnings.

In any case, the user can manually redirect the location of the on-screen keyboard (as described above) by initiating a home-row provisioning event.

In one embodiment, the tactile feedback is provided via the vibrator 155 when the user places his forefinger over a key (typically the F key and the J key in a typical English keyboard) that is commonly referred to as a "home key. &Quot; In one embodiment, an instantaneous vibration is generated using a slightly different vibration frequency for the left and right hands when the user places his finger on the key. In this way, the user may choose to move his / her hands back to the fixed home-low position when the processor 110 is selected so that the user does not dynamically change the position of the on-screen keyboard. In another embodiment, the intensity of such vibration can be varied according to the finger position for the home key of the fixed groove-row.

The device 100 allows a user to type without looking at his finger or virtual keyboard. Therefore, the keyboard need not always be visible. This makes valuable screen space available for other uses.

In one embodiment, the visual appearance of the keyboard can change its state between visible, partially visible, invisible, and translucent states. The entire keyboard appears visually when a home-row-specific event occurs or when the user places his finger without typing during a configurable threshold amount of time. When the user initiates a type, the keyboard may display a number of actions including, but not limited to, a home-row defined event, a typing pause, a simultaneous tap of four fingers, or any other uniquely identified action ≪ / RTI > disappears invisibly until you perform any one of them. In another embodiment, the keyboard remains completely invisible and translucent, allowing the user to still see the position of the key, as well as the contents of the screen below the on-screen keyboard.

In one embodiment, the keyboard temporarily makes " on "or visually in a semi-transparent manner proportional to the distance from the tapped key, as well as the tapped key, as well as the keys immediately around the tapped key. This illuminates the tapped area of the keyboard for a short period of time.

In one embodiment, the keyboard is "partially" visible by illuminating the keys that are most likely to be selected next in proportion to their probability. As soon as the user taps the key, other keys that are likely to lead to the next tapping become visible or semi-visible. The keys that are more likely to be selected become more visible, and the keys that are less likely to be selected become less visible. In this way, the keyboard "illuminates " the path to the next most likely key.

In one embodiment, the on-screen keyboard is temporarily visible (e.g., by double tapping or triple tapping performed by the user) that the user performs on the outer rim of the enclosure around the touch sensitive surface do.

Various modes of visual display of the on-screen keyboard can be selected by the user depending on the preference set in the user interface program.

2A-2F show an exemplary process performed by the device 100. [ The flowcharts shown in Figs. 2A-2F are not intended to be used to fully embody the software of the present invention as a whole, but for illustrative purposes only.

2A shows a process 200 executed by the processor 110 based on instructions provided by the OSK software component 172. As shown in FIG. At block 206, when the process 200 is first started, various system variables are initialized, such as minimum dwell time, finger touch number threshold, drift distance threshold, and key threshold. At block 208, the process 200 waits until it is notified that contact has occurred within the touch screen area. Next, at block 210, a groove-row detection occurs based on a signal from one or more sensors 120,130. The groove-low detection is described in more detail in FIG. 2B. At block 212, the position of the keys of the virtual keyboard to be displayed is determined based on the sensor signal. The key position determination is described in more detail in Figure 2C. Next, at block 216, key operations are processed (see Figures 2d and 2e for more details). At block 218, the finger drift of the user is detected based on the sensor signal. The finger drift is described in more detail in Figure 2f. Next, at block 220, a virtual keyboard appears on the display 140 based on at least one of the decisions made in blocks 210-218. The process 200 is repeated as the user removes the eight fingers and then contacts the touch screen.

FIG. 2B shows a groove-and-row detection process 210. FIG. At decision block 234, the process 210 determines if the user has placed his finger on the touch screen for a minimum amount of time (i.e., the minimum idle threshold). At decision block 236, the process 210 determines if a suitable number of fingers have been placed on the touch surface and accordingly initiate a home-row provisioning event. If the condition at block 234 or 236 is not met, the process 210 exits without changing the location of the on-screen keyboard.

If both the time and number of idle finger requirements are met, the processor 110 determines the position of the idle finger (see block 240). A key space index (KeySpaceIndex; "KSI") is then determined at block 242. The KSI is used to fit the on-screen keyboard to the size and spacing of the user's fingers.

The KSI may be changed from one home-row provisioning event to the next home-row provisioning event for the same user. In one embodiment, all four fingers of each hand are paused above the touch surface to initiate a groove-low regulation event. In that case, KSI is given by the following formula:

KSI = (average dormant key space) / (modeled nominal space) = [(a + b + c) / 3] A = (a + b + c) / 3A

From here,

A = modeled nominal distance between keys (typically 19mm)

a = measurement distance between dormant key 1 and dormant key 2

b = distance between dormant key 2 and dormant key 3

c = distance between dormant key 3 and dormant key 4

The KSI formula may be adjusted accordingly if less than four idle fingers are used to initiate the home-row provisioning event (defined in the set of user preferences stored in the database). The KSI is used in subsequent processes.

The data model of a standard on-screen keyboard is stored in the system's memory. In this data model, the on-screen keyboard layout is divided into two sections: a key typed normally with the right hand and a key typed normally with the left hand. In addition, each key is associated with a home-row hibernation key on which a finger with the highest probability of typing the special key (defined as the "associated dormancy key") is placed on top. The location of each key is specified in the data model as a relative measure from its associated dormant key.

An exemplary formula for determining the location of each key is given as:

Key (x ', y') = key model (x * KSI, y * KSI)

From here,

x = nominal stored x distance from the center of the related Resting Key (RRK)

y = nominal stored y distance from the center of the RRK.

Modified key positions of two or more keys may overlap. If overlapped, the size of the overlapping key is reduced until the overlap is resolved.

The orientation of the X-Y axis is separately determined for each dormant key. For each of the left and right sectors, the curve is fitted to the dormant key of that sector. The X-Y axis for each key is then oriented such that it is tangent (with respect to the x axis) and orthogonal tangent (with respect to the y axis) with respect to the curve at the center of the key.

FIG. 2C shows the key positioning process 212. FIG. Process 212 is repeated for each key of the keyboard. At block 252, a pre-stored location for each key is retrieved from database 181 in the form of a [dormant key,? X,? Y] for its associated dormant key location. For example, the key representing the letter "R " is associated with the dormant key L1 (typically the letter" F ") and is located at the upper left of L1. Thus, the data set is [L1, -5, 19] (measured in millimeters). Similar data is retrieved from the database 181 for each key. At block 254, a new relative offset is calculated for each key by multiplying the offset retrieved from the database by KSI. Next, at block 258, the absolute coordinates of each key are determined by adding the new offset to the absolute position of the associated dormant key determined in block 254. At decision block 260, process 212 performs a test to see if any keys overlap, and if so, key size and position are adjusted at block 262 to remove the overlay. Process 212 then returns to process 200.

FIG. 2D shows the process-key activation process 216, in which the actual key event is determined and output. The process 216 begins at block 270 where a valid touch-tap event has occurred. This is determined through correlation between the touch sensor 120 and the vibration sensor 130, as described in more detail in US Patent Application 2009/0073128 to Masden et al. Candidate keys are scored by applying a key score algorithm at block 272. The key with the highest score is then output at block 274, and process 216 returns.

Figure 2e shows the process for the key score algorithm from block 272 of Figure 2d. At block 280, the signals received by the touch sensor 120 and the vibration sensor 130 are correlated to determine where the user's taps have occurred and the immediately adjacent keys are defined as "candidate keys. &Quot; Considering the keys around the area where the tap occurred (not the corresponding key where the tap occurred), the processor 110 calculates the ambiguity of the user's typing style. At decision block 282, process 272 performs a test to see if the user has moved his finger from the dormant key for the type. Note that in a typical typing style, even a typist who touches a 10-finger will not always stop all four fingers unchanged. Thus, it is not necessary that a change of the dormant key occurs in order for the valid key to be typed. However, if a change is made to the state of the dormant key near the candidate key (or if the dormant key is the candidate key itself), useful information can be obtained from such a change as described in block 284. At block 284, a hypothetical line is calculated (as calculated at block 280) between the position of the tab and the dormant key near the tap where a state change was detected. The imaginary line extends past the tab location. At block 284, the keys through which the planned line passes or are determined, and the processor 110 increases the scores of the keys accordingly. In this way, relative movement in the direction of the desired key is correlated with that key, even if the tap position does not occur directly in the key. At block 288, the processor 110 considers the typed preceding word and the character to be compared with the language data stored in the data memory 181. This includes commonly known methods of clarification such as character pair statistical frequency, partial matching prediction, inter-word prediction and intra-word prediction. Appropriate scoring is assigned to each candidate key. At block 290, a candidate key with the highest score representing the calculated highest probability of the user's intended choice is determined and process 272 returns.

2F shows a drift detection process 218 for accommodating when a user accidentally moves their hands (i.e., "drift") when the user types. Process 218, at block 300, compares the actual tap position with the current center of the displayed intended key and stores the difference in X and Y coordinates as? X and? Y. These differences are added at block 302 to the previous cumulative sum from the previous keystroke. At decision block 304, the processor 110 tests whether the cumulative difference in each direction exceeds a pre-stored variable called "DriftThreshold " (defined from user preference or default data stored in data memory 182) . If the threshold is exceeded, the processor 110 moves the position of the entire keyboard by an average of all [Delta] X and [Delta] Y after the last position defining event at block 308. [ If the neighbors do not exceed the drift threshold of the entire keyboard, a similar calculation is performed for the individual selection keys at block 316. At decision block 318, the processor 110 tests whether the cumulative difference for that individual key exceeds the user-specified key threshold after block 316, and if so, adjusts its position at block 320. [ The key threshold is the allowable error magnitude at the position of the tab compared to the current position of the associated key. If the key threshold is exceeded, the associated key is moved. After block 308, or if the determination at block 318 is no, or after block 320, at block 310 processor 110 determines whether any new location overlaps any other keys and if the entire keyboard Test it within the boundary. If there is any dispute in the test, then at block 312 the conflict is corrected with a "best fit" algorithm and the process exits. Also, if no conflict is found, process 218 returns.

Although the method of the present invention allows the user to type while the on-screen keyboard is not visible, there are still times when the user wants to view the keys. For example, if the user does not know which key is associated with the desired character, or if the particular character is located in a separate numerical and / or symbolic layer. Other users may not be able to type by mechanical memorization, which is known by memory, where each character is located. For this and other reasons, it is important to visually present an on-screen keyboard on the screen of the device.

Depending on the stored user preferences, the on-screen keyboard may be continuously visible while the typing is being performed. Alternatively, the on-screen keyboard becomes transparent after the home-row provisioning event. In one embodiment, the on-screen keyboard is translucent so that the user can view the content beneath the screen through the keyboard.

If the keyboard is set to be invisible, other content may be displayed on the entire screen. There may be other user interface elements, such as buttons that appear to be still active, located below the invisible on-screen keyboard. In such a case, the device 100 may block user input directed toward such elements and cause the on-screen keyboard to be visible to the user. The user can then select to clear the keyboard by pressing a corresponding key on the keyboard. Note that clearing the keyboard is not the same as disabling the keyboard. Removing the keyboard means "minimizing" the keyboard together on the screen, as is typically done in touch screen devices.

In one embodiment, the on-screen keyboard cycles between a visible and an invisible state when the user types. Each time a user taps on a "hidden" onscreen keyboard, the onscreen keyboard appears momentarily, then disappears after the amount of time that the user can set.

In one embodiment, only certain keys become visible after each keystroke. The keys that are temporarily visible are those keys that are most likely to follow the immediately preceding text input sequence (determined based on the words and character database stored in the system).

In one embodiment, the on-screen keyboard is temporarily visible when a user pausing the finger in the home-low position touches the surface with their pausing finger in response to a change sensed by the touch sensor 120. [

In one embodiment, the on-screen keyboard becomes visible when the user performs a predefined operation at the edge of the enclosure outside of the touch sensor area, such as double tapping or triple tapping.

The on-screen keyboard typically does so when there is a text insertion condition (indicated by operating system 171) that is typically visually displayed by an insertion carat (or similar indicator) will be.

In one embodiment, the touch markers commonly used in the F and J groove-low keys are simulated by providing tactile feedback (e.g., vibration induced in the touch screen) when the user places their fingers on these keys . In this way, the user can choose to keep the keyboard stable on the same on-screen location and find the exact location of their hand (without looking at it) with just a touch.

To improve the accuracy of the keyboard, a statistical model of the language is used. If the touch / tap event causes an indefinite key selection, the statistical model is called by the processor 110 to provide the key most likely to be intended by the user.

This "clarification" differs from other methods used in other text input systems because the present invention requires a hasty determination of the desired key. There is no end-of-word delineation in which the word selection is displayed to the user and the output is modified. Instead, each time a user taps on a key, a decision is made and the key action must be sent to the target application (ie, the text entry program).

Several statistical methods of analysis may be used, such as partial matching character prediction, current word prediction, next word prediction, and the next unary prediction to be concatenated. This is described in detail in the following section.

part In matching  Prediction by

A well-known algorithm developed for the first time data compression, useful in this case, is a prediction by partial match (PPM). When applied to a keyboard, the PPM algorithm is used to predict the next most likely character if there is already a string of characters (of length k). The computation time and resources increase exponentially with the value of k. Therefore, it is best to use the lowest k value so far that yields an acceptable clarification result.

For example, let k = 2. The process of the present invention compares the probabilities from the database of the next character most likely to be typed in consideration of the past two characters already entered. For example, the underlined letters below show that the following possibilities are used to predict the highest letters.

For the total number of possible keys A, the data storage required by this algorithm is A ^{k +1} .

For a typical on-screen keyboard, this process consumes less than 1 MB of data.

A statistical model is built for each language (even if k is small); Tables can be similar for languages with common roots. The model also dynamically updates as the user enters text. In this way, the system learns the user's typing pattern and more accurately predicts the typing pattern of the user over time.

The language change is provided in the form of a special language dictionary constructed through the operating system control panel. The control panel identifies the current user's language from the system locale and selects the appropriate prediction dictionary. The dictionary is queried using a continuously operating "systray " application that also provides new word identification and common word usage scoring.

In one embodiment, a database of words commonly used in one language is used to clarify the intended key behavior. The algorithm simply compares typed characters to the word database so far and predicts the next most likely character based on a match in the database.

For example, suppose the user typed "Hel". The possible matches in the word database are:

The number next to each word represents the "frequency" of use of the word with a standard of 100 (for convenience, the total frequency in this example is up to 100, but this is not normally the case in all cases).

The most likely candidates for "Hel" are as follows:

L (70) - Probability of being added to make the words "Hello", "Hell", and "Hellacious"

P (20)

I (20)

This example is particularly useful in that the letters L, P and I are all close together. The user is likely to tap at a position of a few keys (for example, I, O, P or L) that are ambiguously nearby, which is highly likely. By adding word prediction, the choice becomes much clearer. That is, the next most likely word in this example is "L".

Note that this implementation of the word prediction algorithm is different from the one conventionally used for the on-screen keyboard. This is because the conventional algorithm is not a word prediction system, but a character prediction system using a word database.

In one embodiment, a word pair is used to further clarify the most likely selected key. With simple word prediction, there is no context that makes the first letter of the current word clear. In other words, this is completely ambiguous. (This clarification is slightly reduced in the case of the second letter of the word, and is gradually reduced with respect to the remaining letters of the word.) The indefinite attribute of the first letter of a word is determined by considering the word immediately preceding the current word Can be reduced. This is called "next word prediction ".

For example, if the just typed word is "Cleankeys", then the next common word stored in the database could be:

If the user taps between the I and K keys indefinitely with respect to the beginning of the next word, the next word prediction algorithm may help clarify (in this case, "K" is likely).

The logic indicates that the concept of considering the typed previous word can be applied to the previous k words typed. For example, when k = 2, the system can store a database with the next word (or next word) secondarily for each word in the database. In other words, consider two previous words together to determine the most likely word to follow. However, this quickly becomes impractical in space and computing power. Storing such a large number of combinations is not only impractical, but also very useful, since most of such combinations will never occur.

However, there are important exceptions to consider, words with a very large number of next word candidates. This is the case for speech parts known as conjunctions and articles.

The seven most commonly used conjunctions in English are:

and , but , or , for , yet , so , nor .

The articles in English are as follows.

the , a, moment .

By specially applying the ten words, the system improves the initial letter prediction.

Kick phrase Let's think of the _ .

Since all nouns in the database are the most likely next word candidates for the article "the", the usage derived from the next word prediction algorithm is very small. However, if there is a context of "kick" before the article "the", then much more abundant next word choice is achieved. Effectively, a new "word" called "kick_the" is stored in the database. This new entity has the following word candidates:

Therefore, the next most likely character following the phrase " kick_the_ "can be reliably predicted to be" B ".

Any word that appears to be associated with a conjunction or article is combined with the speech portion to form a new word entity.

The significant difference between the word-based and word-based prediction systems described here is the ability to dynamically redirect predictions for each character. For example, if speculation for a particular key is wrong and the desired word is subsequently clarified, the algorithm abandons the choice made for the incorrect character and makes a prediction for the remaining characters based on the newly determined target word To be applied.

For example, the following table:

Typed text Ambiguous candidate key Predicted word Predicted character Kick_the B, h, g B all, ucket b, h abit, oat g, g arage B Kick the b A, q, s Ba ll, ha bit, ga rage A Kick the ba B, v, space hab it B Kick the bab I, k, o habi t I Kick the babi T, r habit T Kick the babit Space, n, m habit space

As the word progresses, it is revealed that the initial letter "B" should be "H" (these letters are close to each other in a qwerty keyboard layout, and users can easily make mistakes with others). Instead of thinking only of words that start with "B" and are completely set to the first letter, other candidates are still considered by the system in predicting the second letter. In this way, the mistakes do not propagate, and the user needs to make only one character correction instead of potentially correcting a lot of letters.

Thus, for each new key entered, consideration is given to the possibility of other ambiguous candidates as well as keys adjacent to the key in determining the subsequent character.

When a mistake is made and the user corrects the mistake by backspace, the system can supply the data back to the algorithm and make adjustments accordingly.

For example, the user vaguely enters the key in the middle of the keyboard, and the scoring algorithm marks the potential candidates as "H", "J" and "N". That is, the score for the three letters is within an acceptable range, and the best score is taken. In this example, let's assume that the algorithm determines the letter "J" as the most likely candidate, and the keyboard outputs it. Immediately following this, the user corrects the error by clearly typing < backspace > and then "H ".

This information is fed back into the scoring algorithm, and the scoring algorithm examines which sub-algorithm scored higher "H" than "J " when the ambiguous key was first entered. The weight for the algorithm is increased, so if the same ambiguous input occurs again, the letter "H" will be selected. In this way, a feedback loop is provided that relies directly on user calibration.

Of course, the user can type the real number itself, not the result of the algorithm, and the algorithm can correctly output what the user typed. Care must therefore be taken when determining if a user corrected feedback loop should be initiated. This typically occurs only when the subject key is ambiguous.

The customizable option can cause the keyboard to generate backspaces and new characters to correct for obviously incorrect words. In the above example, if the predictor determines that the only logical word selection is "habit ", the keyboard will generate a backspace, change" b "to" h ", and re- ).

By virtue of these many factors leading to the clarification of the key, all algorithms can potentially be added to the candidate of the key. This approach is called scoring, and all algorithms are weighted and then added together. The weights are dynamically changed to tune the scoring algorithm to the user's typing style and environment.

3A schematically illustrates a typical handheld tablet computer 350 having a touch sensitive display 352 and a keyboard 353 on its front surface, designed and used in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The keyboard 354, when used in accordance with the present invention, generates text that is output to the text display area 358 at the text insertion position 360. As used herein, the term "keyboard" refers to any keyboard implemented on a touch sensitive and tap sensitive surface, including a keyboard that appears in a touch sensitive display. The keyboard 354 shows the alphabetical letters of each language selected by the user in the individual keys, arranged in a close approximation to a standard "QWERTY " arrangement found on most keyboards.

In one embodiment, the orientation, position, and size of the keyboard (and the individual keys) adaptively change according to the user's input behavior. As the user places his finger on the touch surface 352 in a particular manner, the system moves the keyboard 354 to a position determined by the raised finger. When the user tries to actuate a key on the keyboard 354, the user "taps" the desired key by lifting the finger and tilting the surface 352 with an identifiable force. The user taps occurring in the areas 362 and 364 outside the touch sensor area 352 are detected by the vibration sensor and can also be assigned to keyboard functions such as the space bar.

The absence of the touch sensor signal is a signal having a value of substantially zero and can be used to uniquely identify the tap position when correlated with a tap (or vibration) sensor. In one embodiment, the vibration signal for a specific area outside the touch sensor area 352, such as the area indicated by reference numerals 362 and 364, is unique and stored in the database by the system. If the absence of a touch signal occurs with a tap event, the system compares the vibration characteristics of the tap with the characteristics stored in the database to determine the location of the external tap. In one embodiment, the lower outer boundary region 362 is assigned a space function and the right outer boundary region 364 is assigned a backspace function.

FIG. 3B schematically illustrates an exemplary virtual on-screen keyboard 370. FIG. The keyboard 370 is divided into two halves, the left half 372 and the right half 374 (when correlated to the user's left hand and right hand). The two separate halves 372 and 374 are not aligned with each other. Eight keys 378, typically where a user's finger is raised, are indicated in bold type, typically depending on which finger is used for that key (e.g., L1 represents the index finger of the left hand and L4 Indicates the small finger of the left hand). All other non-groove-low keys are indicated by a label indicating which finger is typically used when typing that key using conventional touch typing techniques. However, there can be many typing styles that do not use the finger placement as shown in Figure 3b, and the labels of Figure 3b are included herein for illustrative purposes only.

The left half of the keyboard 372 shows that all the keys are aligned along the horizontal row as shown on a conventional electromechanical keyboard. In one embodiment, such as that shown at the right half 374, the groove-low key is distributed along the arc to better fit the normal rest position of the user's four fingers. The non-home-row keys are similarly distributed according to their relative position to the home-row key. Further, in one embodiment, the size of each key may be different (depending on the probability the key is larger), depending on the statistical possibility that the user selects the key.

3C schematically illustrates a virtual on-screen keyboard 384 oriented at a predetermined angle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The user may place his or her hands 390 on the touch sensitive surface 392 of the typical handheld tablet computer 394 at any position and orientation that they desire. In this case, the hand may be widened further than normal and may be oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to the straight edge of the device 394. The user initiates an operation indicating "home-row provisioning event ". The home-row provisioning events may include, for example, putting all eight fingers for a user-definable short period of time; By double tapping simultaneously on surface 392 with all eight fingers and then placing a finger on surface 392 or pressing down all eight fingers simultaneously with finger placed on surface 392 . ≪ / RTI > In another embodiment, it may not require all eight fingers to initiate a home-row provisioning event. For example, if someone does not have his middle finger, a home-row provisioning event can be initiated by just three fingers in his hand. Where the user places his hand 390 at a predetermined angle on the tablet computer 394 and accordingly the processor of the computer 394 generates and displays the virtual on-screen keyboard 384 at an angle.

Claims (22)

A display;
A plurality of touch sensors coupled to the display and configured to generate sensed signals based on sensed user contacts with the display;
A plurality of motion sensors configured to generate a motion signal based on the sensed vibration of the housing;
A processor for performing signal communication with the display, the plurality of touch sensors, and the plurality of motion sensors, the processor generating an image of a keyboard having a plurality of keys based on at least one of the generated sensing signals or the generated motion signals The processor configured to provide the display to the display;
A housing configured to contain the display, the plurality of touch sensors, the plurality of motion sensors,
. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine a position of a keyboard image on the display based on the sensed signal generated. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine a position of a keyboard image on the display based on a determination of the presence of a home-row defined event. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the processor determines the presence of the home-row provisioning event when two or more generated sensed signals are determined to be active for a predefined amount of time. 5. The apparatus of claim 4,
Determining a position of the home-row key of the keyboard image based on the determination of the position of the generated two or more sensing signals,
And to determine the position of the non-home-row key of the keyboard image based on the determined position of the at least one groove-row key. 5. The apparatus of claim 4,
Determining the size of the home-row key of the keyboard image based on the determination of the position of the generated two or more sensing signals,
And to determine a size of the non-groove-row key of the keyboard image based on the determined position of the at least one groove-row key. 5. The apparatus of claim 4,
Determining an orientation of the home-row key of the keyboard image based on the determination of the position of the generated two or more sensing signals,
And to determine an orientation of the non-groove-row key of the keyboard image based on the determined position of the at least one groove-row key. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprises a vibrating device configured to generate vibrations at one or more frequencies, the processor being configured to cause the vibrating device to operate at a predefined frequency based on the home- Device. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprises an oscillating device configured to oscillate at one or more frequencies,
Place the provided keyboard in static mode,
Determine a position of at least one user finger based on the sensor signal,
Wherein the vibrating device is configured to generate vibration at a predefined frequency when the determined position of the at least one user finger is within a threshold distance from the at least one home key. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the vibrating device is configured to change the intensity of vibration based on a distance of at least one user's finger from a corresponding home key. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprises an audio device configured to generate an audio signal at one or more frequencies,
Place the provided keyboard in static mode,
Determine a position of at least one user finger based on the sensor signal,
Wherein the audio device is configured to generate an audio signal at a predefined frequency when the determined position of the at least one user finger is within a threshold distance from the at least one home key. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the audio device is configured to change an intensity of an audio signal based on a distance of at least one user finger from a corresponding home key. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
Periodically receiving a sensing signal associated with subsequent user finger contact with the display,
Determines whether the received periodic sensing signal indicates a drift from a location of a sensing signal used during generation and provision of a keyboard image,
And move at least one key of the keyboard image on the display based on drift indicated by at least one key. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an output device,
Determining whether the periodically received sensing signal indicates that the user's finger contact drift is within a threshold distance of an edge of the display,
And output a signal to the output device if it is determined that the user finger contact drift is within a threshold distance. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
Detecting a user typing operation based on the generated sensing signal and the generated motion signal,
And to change the keyboard image to at least one of translucent or invisible when the user typing operation is not detected for a predefined amount of time. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein after the keyboard image is at least one of translucent or invisible, the processor is configured to render the keyboard image at least less transparent when a user typing operation is detected. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
Determining at least one key that is most likely to be actuated next based on one or more previous key operations,
And to uniquely display at least one key that is next most likely to be determined. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
Determining relative movement of one or more user fingers from the home-row key based on the generated sensing signal,
And generate a key action event based on the generated motion signal and the determined relative motion. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
Generating at least one candidate key based on at least a part of the generated sensing signal and the generated motion signal,
And generate a key activation event by disambiguating the generated one or more candidate keys using a statistical probability model. 20. The system of claim 19,
Determining a magnitude value of at least one key based on the statistical probability model and at least one previous key actuation event,
And change the keyboard image based on a determined magnitude value of the at least one key. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
Providing a provided keyboard image inactive from an active state based on a sensed first user action,
And configured to render the provided keyboard image inactive in an inactive state based on the sensed second user action. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the generated at least one motion signal is associated with a position relative to the housing, and wherein the processor is configured to determine, based on a position relative to the housing when at least one motion signal is generated and no sense signal is generated Wherein the device is configured to identify a function.

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