KR20130109146A - Gasification reactor and process - Google Patents

Abstract

A gasification reactor (1) and a gasification method for the production of syngas by gasification of carbonaceous feed fuel. The gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel (3), which opens to the skirt portion (2B) with an open end at which the reactor chamber (2A) is arranged on the slag collection bath (7) at its lower end. Surround the gasification unit (2) having a. The skirt portion 2B is arranged in the collision area of the one or more wrappers 15.

Description

Gasification Reactor and Gasification Method {GASIFICATION REACTOR AND PROCESS}

The present invention relates to a gasification reactor and a gasification method for the production of syngas by gasification of carbonaceous feed fuel, the reactor comprising a slag collection bath and a pressure vessel surrounding the gasification unit.

Artificial gas, or syngas, is produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed fuels such as pulverized coal. The carbonaceous feedstock is partially oxidized in the gasification unit by a plurality of burners leading into the gasification unit. The syngas produced is a by-product containing slag particles and fly ash. The slag particles pivot as they fall into the slag collection bath, the slag collection bath typically contains water, and an outlet for removing used water and collected slag is provided. Some of the slag particles form a deposit on the inner wall of the gasification unit. If slag lumps are large and heavy enough, they will fall into the slag collecting bath.

Slag lumps, with at least some form of coal, can be so large that they cannot pass through the outlet of the slag collection bath before they fall into the slag collection bath. In some cases, even the outlet is blocked to the extent that the reactor needs to be shut down.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce the risk of clogging the outlet of the slag collection bath and to use a wide variety of coal gasification reactors.

The object is achieved by a gasification reactor, the gasification reactor for the production of syngas by gasification of carbonaceous feed fuel, the gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel, the pressure vessel, the lower end of the reactor chamber slag An end arranged over the collecting bath surrounds the gasification unit so that it is opened with an open skirt, which skirt is arranged in the impact zone of the one or more wrappers.

To date, wrappers have typically been used to remove fouling that does not fall by itself. In this case, because the slag precipitate falls off the skirt by its own weight, the wrapper was not necessary for slag removal. However, it has now been found that by using one or more wrappers, the size of the slag deposits can be kept small and controlled enough to prevent clogging of the slag collection bath outlet. In this way, gasification reactors will be used for a wide range of carbonaceous feed fuel forms, including coal forms, while producing high slag contents.

For example, the skirt portion has a narrow upper section that narrows upwards, with a wide portion of the skirt portion located towards the slag collection bath. Such sections form a particularly suitable place for lapping, since the largest slag deposits are collected on the inner surface of such a location. Alternatively or in addition, the skirt portion comprises a cylindrical lower section arranged in a tubular, eg impact area of one or more wrappers.

Optionally, the other portions of the upper section and / or skirt portion may be composed of interconnected parallel refrigerant conduits to form an airtight membrane. For example, the refrigerant can be water. By cooling the surface more slag particles are collected at the surface. In conclusion, the slag content in the synthesis gas is substantially reduced. In a variant embodiment the skirt portion can be composed, for example, in whole or in part of one or more plates, the skirt portion comprising an outer surface with one or more refrigerant channels.

To protect and strengthen the impact zone of the skirt section, an anvil plate may be provided on the outer surface of the skirt section within the impact zone of the one or more wrappers.

For example, the wrapper may extend through the wall of the pressure vessel. This increases the wrapper's accessibility for maintenance and repair.

For example, the wrapper may include a housing extending from an outer surface of the pressure vessel, one end of the housing being slidably supported by an opening in the housing, and one end of the striker rod in contact with the anvil plate, and the distal spaced from the striker rod. And a driveable impact device having a rammer head movable in line with the impact rod between the position and the impact position impacting the striker rod. For example, suitable wrappers are wrappers of the type disclosed in WO 2010/063752 or WO 2010/063755.

Optionally, the skirt portion may be provided with a fire resistant liner, but the fire resistant liner may be excluded to improve crash resistance against wrapper collision.

In general, the skirt exhibits rotational symmetry, for example having a cylindrical lower section and a conical upper section, although other suitable tubular shapes can also be used if desired. The upper section of the skirt portion may be conical or may have any other narrow geometry if desired.

One or more wrappers may be driven to wrap at a desired frequency. The higher the frequency, the smaller the slag particles falling into the slag collection bath.

Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a gasification reactor according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the wrapper of the reactor in FIG. 1. FIG.

1 shows a gasification reactor 1 for the production of syngas by partial combustion of carbonaceous feed fuel, in particular pulverized coal. The gasification reactor 1 comprises a gasification unit 2 in a vertically oriented long pressure vessel 3. The gasification vessel 2 includes a reactor chamber 2A and a skirt portion 2B. The reactor chamber 2A forms a lower end 4 narrowing towards the opening 5 open to the space enclosed by the skirt 2B and an outlet for the syngas that can be further transported, for example, to the cooler. Which has an open upper end 6. The skirt portion 2B has a cylindrical lower section 8 arranged on the slag collecting bath 7 and a conical upper section 9 narrowing in an upward direction surrounding the opening 5, and thus a conical upper section. The upper end of 9 is narrower than at the bottom of the conical upper section 9 at the point of connection with the lower end of the reactor chamber 2A.

The skirt portion 2B is composed of conduits 34 spirally wound to carry cooling water such as water (see FIG. 2). Conduits 34 are interconnected to form an airtight membrane. In a variant embodiment the skirt portion may consist of one or more plates comprising a refrigerant channel on its outer surface.

The slag collection bath 7 comprises a cylindrical housing 11 which encloses a conical funnel 12 narrowing towards the slag discharge opening 13.

In the embodiment shown in the figure, the skirt portion 2B is not provided with a fire resistant liner. However, if desired, refractory liners may be used in other embodiments.

The plurality of burners 14 are led to the reactor chamber 2A to supply a mixture of pulverized coal, oxygen and steam. This mixture is ignited for partial combustion, producing artificial or syngas with slag and fly ash as by-products. Syngas flows upwards toward the opening 6. The newly produced syngas contains slag particles. The larger and heavier parts fall into the slag collecting bath (7). A part of the high temperature syngas swirls down through the opening 5 into the space surrounded by the skirt portion 2B. This creates turbulence inside the skirt portion 2B. The cylindrical section 8 and the conical upper section 9 of the skirt portion 2B are cooled by a liquid refrigerant circulating through the conduit forming the skirt portion 2B. The swirling syngas flows in the space surrounded by the skirt portion 2B along the cooled surfaces 8, 9. The syngas is cooled and leaves a precipitate of solidified slag particles on the cooled membrane of the skirt portion 2B. Once the precipitate has grown to be sufficiently heavy, the precipitate falls from the cooled membrane of the skirt portion 2B into the slag collection bath 7. In order to remove the collected slag, the slag collecting bath 7 is emptied regularly by opening the slag discharge opening 13.

In order to prevent the slag deposits from growing too large before falling off, the conical upper section 9 of the skirt portion 2B is impacted by the wrapper 15, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. In a variant embodiment, for example, the wrapper 15 collides with the cylindrical section 8 of the skirt portion 2B. It is also possible to combine a wrapper 15 that collides with the conical upper section 9 and a wrapper that collides with the cylindrical section 8.

The wrapper 15 extends through the wall of the pressure vessel 3. The wrapper 15 comprises an impingement 16 attached to a housing 17 on the wall of the pressure vessel 3. The housing 17 comprises a flanged bus 18 branching from the wall of the pressure vessel 3. The bus 18 includes a flange 19 that is connected to a flange 20 that borders a passage opening 21 for the striker rod 22. The cylindrical spacer 23 is collinear with the passage opening 21. The spacer 23 supports the collision device 16, which is in line with the striker rod 22 and is a rammer head 24 opposite the free end 25 of the striker rod 22. ).

Near the conical surface of the upper section 9 of the skirt portion 2B, the striker rod 22 comprises an end 26 which engages with the anvil plate 27. The anvil plate 27 has one side 27A that follows the outer surface of the skirt portion 2B and an opposite side 27B having a vertical flat surface that engages the end 26 of the striker rod 19. do.

The striker rod 22 penetrates the cylindrical support member 28 inside the pressure vessel 3. The cylindrical support member 28 has one end blocked by the end wall 29 together with the center opening 30, and the striker rod 22 is slidably supported at the center opening. The opposite second end of the cylindrical support member 28 is connected to the upper flange 20 in an airtight manner.

The cylindrical support member 28 surrounds the interior space 31, the interior space being openly connected with the sealed gas supply channel 32, and the gas supply channel 32 operates with the sealed gas supply 33. Is connected as an enemy. In order to prevent leakage of high temperature, flammable and toxic syngas through the passage opening 30, an inert sealing gas such as nitrogen is blown into the inner space 31 of the cylindrical support member 28. The pressure inside the pressure vessel (3) is considerably higher than atmospheric pressure. In conclusion, a force is applied to the striker rod 22 which pushes the striker rod out of the pressure vessel 3 through the passage opening 21. To compensate for this force, a sealing gas is supplied to the cylindrical support member 28 under overpressure to create an opposing force against the striker rod 22. The overpressure can cause the striker rod 22 to be reliably pressed against the anvil plate 27.

The collision device 16 can be driven by its knocker head 24 to knock at the end of the striker rod 22 with any impact force. The striker rod 22 transmits the impingement load via the anvil plate 27 to the conical upper section 9. The impact load loosens the slag precipitate falling into the slag collection bath 7.

In the embodiment shown in the figure, only a single wrapper 15 is shown. However, more than one wrapper 15 may be used if desired.

Claims (11)

As a gasification reactor (1) for the production of syngas by gasification of carbonaceous feed fuel,
The gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel (3),
The pressure vessel 3 surrounds a gasification unit 2 having a reactor chamber 2A, the reactor chamber 2A having an open-ended skirt with its lower end arranged over the slag collection bath 7. Open to 2B,
The skirt portion 2B comprises an upper section 9 connected to the lower end of the reactor chamber 2A,
The narrowing upper end of the upper section 9 is narrower than the bottom of the upper section 9 at the point of connection with the lower end of the reactor chamber 2A,
One or more wrapper anvil plates 27 are provided on the outer surface of the upper section 9 in the impact zone of one of the one or more wrappers 15. The method of claim 1,
The skirt section comprises a tubular lower section (8) arranged in the impact zone of the at least one wrapper (15). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
At least an upper section (9) of said skirt portion (2B) consists of parallel refrigerant conduits interconnected to form an airtight membrane. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Wherein said skirt portion is at least partially formed of one or more plates, and said skirt portion comprises an outer surface provided with one or more refrigerant channels. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
At least one said wrapper (15) extends through the wall of the pressure vessel (3). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
At least part of the wrapper 15 is
A housing 17 extending from the outer surface of the pressure vessel 3,
A striker rod 22, one end of which is slidably supported by an opening in the housing, and one end of which is in contact with the anvil plate 27, and
And a driveable impact device (16) having a rammer head (24) movable in line with the impact rod between the distal position and the impact position impacting the striker rod. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The upper section (9) of the skirt section (2B) is conical in gasification reactor. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The gasification reactor, wherein the skirt portion (2B) is not provided with a fire resistant liner. As a gasification method for the production of syngas by gasification of carbonaceous feed fuel in gasification reactor (1),
The gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel (3),
The pressure vessel 3 encloses a gasification unit 2 having a reactor chamber 2A, which is open to an open end skirt portion 2B whose lower end is arranged on the slag collection bath 7. Become,
The skirt portion 2B comprises an upper section 9 connected to the lower end of the reactor chamber 2A,
The upper section 9 is narrower than the bottom of the upper section 9 at the point of connection with the lower end of the reactor chamber 2A,
One or more wrapper anvils 27 are provided on the outer surface of the upper section 9 in the impact zone of one of the one or more wrappers 15,
The outer surface of the skirt portion 2B is regularly collided by one or more wrappers 15 to remove slag collected from the inner surface,
Said slag is thereafter collected in a slag collecting bath. The method of claim 9,
The skirt portion (2B) is a gasification method for the production of syngas at least partially cooled by the circulation of the refrigerant through the refrigerant conduit. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10,
The upper section (9) of the skirt section (2B) is a gasification method for producing syngas.

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