KR20110059215A - Highly efficient carbon dioxide removal systems using plants - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A highly efficient carbon dioxide reducing system using plants is provided to increase energy reducing efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency using a light emitting diode as the light source of photosynthetic process with respect to the plants. CONSTITUTION: A reactor(130) includes a cover. Plants(140) are arranged on the bottom side of the reactor. A light emitting diode-based light source device(100) is installed at the upper inner-wall or the inner lateral side of the reactor and increases the photosynthetic process of the plants. The plants are one or more selected from a group including crops, herbages, hydrophytes, and algae. The wavelength of the light emitting diode-based light source device is between 600 and 700nm.

Description

High-efficiency CO2 Reduction System Using Vegetation {HIGHLY EFFICIENT CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL SYSTEMS USING PLANTS}

The present invention relates to a carbon fixation system using vegetation for reducing carbon dioxide, and has a cover for energy saving and increase photosynthetic efficiency, and replaces a conventional fluorescent or incandescent lamp in a reactor in which plants are planted. It relates to a carbon dioxide abatement system in which LEDs are installed as vegetation photosynthetic light sources.

The technology to reduce carbon dioxide by using vegetation such as plants or micro algae (carbon fixation), unlike other physical and chemical recovery methods, uses solar energy as a light source, so it is cheaper to invest and generates environmentally harmful substances. Due to this, there is no need for secondary treatment costs, and it can greatly contribute to landscape creation. In addition, the biomass obtained after the treatment can be reused for various purposes such as energy sources, fertilizers or environmentally friendly materials, so it is easy to commercialize.

In order to actually apply such a carbon dioxide reduction system using vegetation, conventionally, external reaction facilities have been used as large carbon sinks such as mountains, grasslands or wetlands. It has been commercialized only in some countries where large artificial wetlands are easy to build, such as the United States or Canada. However, the above examples are not only limited in terms of space but also in sunshine time for installation in a country where it is difficult to secure a site, such as when operating at night even if applied to the site, or underground facilities (such as parking lots or tunnels). Alternatively, when operating as an internal facility (greenhouse or building, etc.), since an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, or a sodium lamp is used as an artificial light source, power consumption is high and there is a problem in terms of management costs. In addition, due to the large amount of heat emitted from the light source itself, the internal temperature may increase rapidly for a long time, which may damage the growth of plants, and there is a problem of secondary treatment of harmful substances such as heavy metals in the light source accessories discarded after use. Due to various factors, such as influx of harmful gas from the plant and affecting plant growth, the field application is extremely limited.

Plant chloroplasts contain photosynthetic pigment receptors such as chlorophyll a, b or carotenoids, each of which absorbs light in its own absorption wavelength band. Figure 3 shows the absorption wavelength bands for photosynthetic pigments, the chlorophyll a and b shows the maximum absorption near the blue and red wavelengths. Since photosynthetic efficiency will be optimal in this wavelength band, carbon dioxide removal efficiency will also be optimal.

LEDs are attracting attention as the next generation of environmentally friendly energy sources due to their low power consumption and few harmful substances. When LEDs are used to irradiate light with maximum wavelengths in the chloroplasts of plants, they can consume less power and increase photosynthetic efficiency. .

As shown in Patent Literatures 1 to 4, in the past, LED was used in vegetation cultivation technology and apparatus for increasing farm income, but there was no case in which LED was combined for the purpose of removing carbon dioxide as in the present invention.

Patent Document 1: Domestic Patent Publication 2000-0006611

Patent Document 2: Domestic Patent Publication 2003-0005023

Patent Document 3: Registration Utility 20-0362989

Patent Document 4: Registered Patent 10-0879711

The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems,

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide reduction system having high energy saving efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency by using LEDs as photosynthetic light sources of plants instead of incandescent or fluorescent lamps.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a carbon dioxide reduction system capable of maximizing energy saving efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency by using a partial reflector, a total reflection body and an optical fiber irradiation device.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to apply a carbon dioxide reduction system to the site, the plant using a pre-treatment device for preventing the introduction of harmful gases generated from nearby industrial equipment or a chamber for concentration / delivery to control the carbon dioxide concentration It is to provide a carbon dioxide reduction system that provides an environment suitable for growth.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing carbon dioxide with high energy saving efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency by applying the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention in the field.

The above objects can be achieved by the following configuration of the present invention.

The present invention provides a carbon dioxide reduction system including a reactor having a lid, a vegetation planted at the bottom of the reactor, and an LED light source device installed on the upper inner wall or the inner surface of the reactor to face the vegetation to promote photosynthesis of the vegetation. .

Method of reducing the carbon dioxide by installing the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the invention in an underground parking lot, tunnel, subway or greenhouse.

The carbon dioxide system according to the present invention can be installed in a greenhouse, a building or an underground facility (such as a parking lot or a tunnel) where the supply of natural light is limited, and can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and greatly contribute to creating a landscape of the facility. In addition, the removal of carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention is more environmentally friendly than the other physical and chemical carbon dioxide removal method is high energy efficiency and less harmful by-products. In addition, the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention can be applied to industrial facilities with high concentrations of harmful gases, and plant biomass produced as a result of the operation of the carbon dioxide reduction system can be utilized for various uses such as energy sources, fertilizers or natural materials. .

In addition, it further includes a partially reflecting device, an optical fiber irradiation device, and a total reflection body to maximize energy saving efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency, and a carbon dioxide concentration / transmission chamber is connected to the reactor for photosynthesis of the vegetation. By maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide at a suitable concentration to increase the carbon dioxide reduction efficiency, it is possible to create a more favorable environment for photosynthesis of vegetation by connecting a pretreatment device for treating harmful gases to the reactor.

The present invention is installed on the upper inner wall or the inner surface of the reaction vessel to face the vegetation 140, the vegetation 140 is planted in the bottom of the reaction vessel and the vegetation 140, the photosynthesis of the vegetation 140 It relates to a carbon dioxide reduction system comprising an LED light source device (100) to enhance the.

In the present invention, the reaction tank 130 may be installed indoors or outdoors, and the size thereof may vary from 1m × 1m × 1m to 10-20m × 100m × 5-10m (width × length × height). It may be, but is not limited to such.

In the present invention, the LED light source device 100 is a device for irradiating photons having a wavelength of 500 to 900 nm, using a commercially available one. LED light source devices in the red region (wavelength: 600 to 700 nm) are preferred. The LED light source device 100 may be disposed on the upper inner wall or inner surface of the reaction tank 130 in a triangular, quadrangular, circular or oval shape, and is generally disposed on the upper inner wall of the reaction tank, but in the present invention, the vegetation 140 may be disposed. It is preferable to install the photons on the inner surface of the leaves to enhance the photosynthesis well.

In the present invention, the vegetation 140 is planted on the bottom of the reaction tank to perform the function of fixing the carbon dioxide by photosynthesis, selected from the group consisting of crops, herbaceous, aquatic plant joining and algae (목) do. Crops include, but are not limited to, tomatoes, peppers or cabbages. Herbs include, but not limited to: mugwort, cedar mugwort, magpie swimming, mountain peppermint, buttercup, fern, maple or plantain. Aquatic plants include, but are not limited to, water hyacinths, water hyacinths, water lettuce, buds, blood, irises, poppies, macaw feathers, strings, reeds, or ripples. Birds include chlorella, trioccacus, and raft ( Scenedesmus acuminatus ) or green algae such as chlamidomonas and south algae such as spirulina, but are not limited thereto.

The carbon dioxide abatement system according to the present invention may further comprise a partially reflecting device 110 to maximize the activation of the LED photons. As shown in FIG. 1B, the partial reflector 110 transmits part of the photons and reflects part of the photons. Therefore, in the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention, the activity of photons is maximized, thereby increasing the photosynthesis of plants, thereby increasing the removal efficiency of carbon dioxide and reducing the energy required for photosynthesis. The partial reflector 110 also changes the absorption amplification factor α according to the reflectance and the absorbance difference of the reflector based on the Fabry-Perot etalon principle. The equation for photon amplification by the partial reflector is as follows.

In the above formula, the absorbance amplification factor α becomes larger as the absorbance A is smaller, that is, the reflectance R _w is larger. Absorption amplification factor P α is that the reflection factor R _w and the absorbance A changes over, is greater while the absorbance A is coated on it may partial reflector that uses a material the reflectance R _w, depending on the material used as the material of the part reflector 110 The reflectance and absorbance can be controlled by adjusting the concentration and coverage of the replication. Alternatively, the absorption amplification factor α may be adjusted by adjusting the reflectance R _w by adjusting the shape of the partial reflector 110 in a convex or concave shape.

The partial reflector 110 may be installed in the vicinity of the vegetation in order to maximize the transmission and reflection of photons, and may have various transmittances (absorbances) such as a polymer network, a metal network such as stainless steel or aluminum, silicon (glass, etc.), or acrylic. It can be prepared using the materials possessed. In the case of using a polymer material, the surface may be partially silvered and coated or partially painted in white, may be manufactured by partially coating with a mirror or aluminum foil, or may be purchased and used commercially.

The carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention may further include a total reflection body 130 to increase the efficiency of the partial reflector, which is attached to the inner wall of the cover of the reactor. The total reflection body 130 may be manufactured or purchased in the same manner as the partial reflector 110.

The photons irradiated from the LED light source device are partially transmitted and partially reflected by the partial reflector 110, and the transmitted photons are reflected by the total reflection body 130 and transmitted to the plant, so that the amount of photons that reach the leaves of the plant is amplified. Can be.

The carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention may further include an optical fiber irradiation device 120 attached to the end of the LED light source to vary the direction of the photosynthesis photons. The optical fiber irradiation device 120 is attached to the end of the LED light source serves to effectively transmit photons to the plant by adjusting the angle of light dispersed at the ends of the optical fiber strands. As shown in FIG. 1C, the optical fiber irradiation device 120 includes a contact portion 210 and an optical fiber strand 220 connected to the LED. The optical fiber irradiation device 120 is made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, a polymer, and a liquid connection tube type. In the present invention, a commercially available one is purchased and used.

The carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention can reduce the carbon dioxide by introducing harmful gas discharged from a nearby industrial complex, and can connect a pretreatment device (2) for removing harmful gas to the reactor to treat harmful gas except carbon dioxide. have. The pretreatment device 2 may be used one or more from the group consisting of a dust collector, a wet cleaner and a cyclone device, but is not limited thereto.

In order to maintain a carbon dioxide concentration at a level suitable for photosynthesis of the plant, a separate concentration / transmission chamber 4 for controlling the inflow rate of external carbon dioxide may be connected to the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention. The carbon dioxide condensation / transmission chamber 4 includes an internal filler for delivery composed of a carbon dioxide condensation compressor and an adsorbent, the adsorbent being one or more from the group consisting of wood chips, shells, charcoal, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon and lime. Is selected. When the harmful gas discharged from the industrial equipment flows into the chamber for concentration / discharge through the gas transfer pipe 3, the concentration of carbon dioxide is properly maintained through adsorption and neutralization with the adsorbent. The optimal carbon dioxide concentration required for photosynthesis is in the range of 3000 to 4000 ppm.

In addition, by installing the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention described above in the vicinity of a power plant, a heating facility, and other industrial facilities as well as tunnels, parking lots, and greenhouses, carbon dioxide emitted from the facility can be reduced. 2 is an example of using the present invention in the actual field. As shown in Fig. 2, when noxious gas is discharged from an industrial facility as a result of industrial activity, the noxious gas moves through the gas transfer pipe (3). The nitrogen gas, sulfur oxide and fine dust which may adversely affect photosynthesis in the noxious gas treatment tank 2 during the movement are removed, and then the remaining gas is introduced into the carbon dioxide reduction system according to the present invention. If it is necessary to adjust the concentration of carbon dioxide for optimal photosynthetic conditions, the level suitable for photosynthesis of vegetation 140 through the carbon dioxide enrichment / discharge chamber 4 before finally carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the carbon dioxide abatement system. Maintain the carbon dioxide concentration.

Through the following examples will be described in detail the present invention.

Example

Three green leaf plants in four sealed reactors (Sukchangpo, Acorus) gramineus Soland , Patterned Iris, Acorus gramineus Ogon , Skin Responses, Scindapsus aureus ) was planted and irradiated with a light source, a fluorescent lamp, a blue LED, a red LED, and a white LED, and at the same time, the same concentration of carbon dioxide gas was injected into the carbon source for photosynthesis.

Figure 4 shows the change in the concentration of carbon dioxide with time in the reaction vessel over time. 4A to 4D are graphs showing experimental results when fluorescent lights, LED-Blue, LED-Red, and LED-white were used as light sources, respectively. Figure 5 shows the removal rate of carbon dioxide calculated on the basis of the experimental results of the embodiment, Co of Figure 5 is the initial carbon dioxide concentration and C is the concentration of carbon dioxide over time. The magnitude of the slope of the trend line of FIG. 5 indicates the carbon dioxide removal rate. As shown in FIG. 5, the carbon dioxide is removed quickly when the LED-Red is used as the light source, and the carbon dioxide removal rate is similar when the fluorescent lamp and the remaining LEDs are used as the light source. appear. Figure 6 shows the energy consumption according to the light source used. As shown in FIG. 6, fluorescent lamps require about 100 watts / hr of energy to remove 90% of carbon dioxide, but only about half of that for LEDs.

In sum, when LED is used as a light source, it is economical and efficient since carbon dioxide is removed at a similar speed or faster than a fluorescent lamp and consumes less energy. In particular, when the red LED (wavelength: 600 ~ 900 nm), the efficiency was higher than the other color LED.

1A is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide reduction system using vegetation, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of an energy recycling apparatus using a light reflection method. FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram of a multidirectional distributed optical fiber irradiation apparatus in which LEDs are bonded.

2 is an example of field use of the discretization reduction system using vegetation.

3 is an absorption spectrum of chlorophyll and carotenoids, photosynthetic reaction factors.

Figure 4 is a graph showing the change over time of the carbon dioxide concentration according to the embodiment, Figure 4a is the result of the fluorescent lamp, Figure 4b is the result of LED-Blue, Figure 4c is the result of LED-Red, Figure 4d is LED This is the result of -White (● control, □ Seokchangpo, ◇ patterned Changchangpo, △ skin reply).

Figure 5 shows the results of the embodiment and the trend line calculated on the basis of the results.

6 is an energy consumption measurement value (consumption for removing carbon dioxide at 50% or 90%) at a constant intensity of a light source according to a wavelength.

* Drawing reference Explanation *

1: LED-Red 2: Hazardous Gas Treatment Tank

3: gas transfer pipe 4: carbon dioxide concentration / discharge chamber

5: vegetation 100: LED light source device

110: partial reflector 120: LED with optical fiber

130: reactor 140: vegetation

210: LED contact portion 220: optical fiber

Claims (11)

Covered reactor, Vegetation planted in the bottom of the reactor and LED light source device which is installed on the upper inner wall or the inner surface of the reaction tank to face the vegetation to promote photosynthesis of the vegetation Carbon dioxide reduction system comprising a. The carbon dioxide reduction system according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation is selected from the group consisting of crops, herbaceous plants, aquatic plants, seedlings and algae. The system of claim 1, wherein the LED light source device emits photons having a wavelength of 600 to 700 nm. The carbon dioxide reduction system according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the reactor is a total reflection body, and further includes a partial reflector disposed between the vegetation to activate photons. The carbon dioxide reduction system according to claim 4, wherein the material of the partial reflector or the total reflection body is selected from at least one selected from the group consisting of polymer, silicon, stainless steel, aluminum, and acrylic. The system of claim 1, further comprising an optical fiber attached to the end of the light source of the LED to vary the direction of the photons. The carbon dioxide reduction system according to claim 6, wherein the material of the optical fiber is selected from the group consisting of glass, polymer and liquid. The carbon dioxide reduction system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a pretreatment device connected to the outside of the reactor to remove harmful gases. The carbon dioxide reduction system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a chamber connected to the outside of the reactor to control the inflow rate of carbon dioxide. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the chamber comprises a carbon dioxide condensing compressor and the inner filling material for delivery consisting of an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of wood chips, shells, charcoal, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon and lime. system. A method for reducing carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide reduction system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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