KR20050121489A - The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact - Google Patents

The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact Download PDF

Info

Publication number
KR20050121489A
KR20050121489A KR1020040046635A KR20040046635A KR20050121489A KR 20050121489 A KR20050121489 A KR 20050121489A KR 1020040046635 A KR1020040046635 A KR 1020040046635A KR 20040046635 A KR20040046635 A KR 20040046635A KR 20050121489 A KR20050121489 A KR 20050121489A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
rubber
absorbing member
shock absorbing
resin pad
steel panel
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020040046635A
Other languages
Korean (ko)
Inventor
임종만
Original Assignee
동일고무벨트주식회사
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 동일고무벨트주식회사 filed Critical 동일고무벨트주식회사
Priority to KR1020040046635A priority Critical patent/KR20050121489A/en
Publication of KR20050121489A publication Critical patent/KR20050121489A/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B59/02—Fenders integral with waterborne vessels or specially adapted therefor, e.g. fenders forming part of the hull or incorporated in the hull; Rubbing-strakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
    • B63B73/40—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by joining methods
    • B63B73/49—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by joining methods by means of threaded members, e.g. screws, threaded bolts or nuts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E02B3/26—Fenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/18—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for preventing collision or grounding; reducing collision damage
    • B63B2043/185—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for preventing collision or grounding; reducing collision damage using shock absorbing telescoping buffers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/40—Synthetic materials
    • B63B2231/42—Elastomeric materials
    • B63B2231/44—Rubber

Abstract

본 발명은 선박의 접안시설 안벽(50)면에 수평상태로 돌출되어 볼트에 의하여 고정되되 상기 안벽면으로부터 수평으로 고정되는 제1 및 제2수평부재로 이루어진 고무본체(30)와, 상기 고무본체(30)의 끝단부에 고정되는 스틸판넬(20)과, 상기 스틸판넬의 단부에 고정되는 레진패드(10), 상기 레진패드(10)와 상기 스틸판넬(20)사이에 장착되어 상기 레진패드(10)에 가해지는 외부충격을 흡수 가능하되, 횡 방향으로 홈이 형성되어 있는 충격흡수부재(60)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 충격흡수부재를 포함하는 고무 방현재를 요지로 한다.The present invention is a rubber body (30) consisting of a first and a second horizontal member which is projected in a horizontal state on the surface of the eyepiece facility 50 of the ship is fixed by bolts and is fixed horizontally from the inner wall surface, the rubber body The steel panel 20 is fixed to the end of the 30, the resin pad 10 is fixed to the end of the steel panel, the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20 is mounted between the resin pad The rubber fender including the shock absorbing member, which is capable of absorbing the external shock applied to (10) and includes a shock absorbing member 60 having a groove formed in the transverse direction, as a summary.

Description

충격흡수부재를 포함하는 고무방현재{The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact} Rubber fender for shock absorbing member {The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact}

본 발명은 충격흡수부재를 포함하는 고무 방현재에 관한 것으로서, 특히, 안벽, 잔교, 돌핀(dolpin)등의 계선시설의 전면에 취부되어 선박의 접안시 선박의 충격으로부터 구조물 및 선박의 파손을 막을 수 있는 충격흡수부재를 포함하는 고무 방현재에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rubber fender including a shock absorbing member. In particular, the present invention relates to a rubber fender including a shock absorbing member. It relates to a rubber fender comprising a shock absorbing member that can be.

일반적으로, 안벽, 잔교, 돌핀(Dolpin) 등의 계선시설의 전면에 취부되어 선박의 접안시 선박의 충격으로부터 구조물 및 선박의 파손을 막는 고무 방현재에 관한 것으로서, 완충성능, 내구성, 용이한 취부성, 미관, 생산코스트 등의 장점이 있는 것으로 평가되고, 세계적으로 보급되어지고 있다. Generally, it relates to a rubber fender that is mounted on the front of mooring facilities such as quay walls, bridges, and dolphins to prevent damage to structures and vessels from the impact of the vessel when the vessel is docked, and provides cushioning performance, durability, and easy installation. It is considered to have advantages such as sex, aesthetics, production cost, etc., and is spreading worldwide.

종래의 선박 보호용 레진패드(1)를 포함하는 고무 방현재(3)는 레진패드(1)를 스틸판넬(2)에 직접 부착시켜 볼트로서 고정시키는 데, 선박의 접안시 충격에 의한 레진패드(1)의 조기 파손 및 지속적인 접안 충격 및 마찰력에 의한 고정볼트(4)의 조기 풀림 현상이 발생되고 있다. 한편, 고무 방현재(3)의 단부에는 스틸판넬(2)이 부착되어 있으며, 스틸판넬(2)의 단부에는 레진패드(1)가 볼트(4)에 의하여 고정된다. The rubber fender 3 including the conventional vessel protection resin pad 1 is attached to the steel pad 2 directly to the steel panel 2 to fix it as a bolt. Premature failure of 1) and premature loosening of the fixing bolt 4 due to continuous eye shock and frictional force are occurring. On the other hand, a steel panel 2 is attached to an end of the rubber fender 3, and a resin pad 1 is fixed to the end of the steel panel 2 by bolts 4.

이와 같은 고무 방현재를 사용할 경우, 보수 및 교체작업이 빈번하게 발생함으로써 보수비용 및 시간이 손실로 되고, 만일 미 교체된 상태에서 선박의 접안이 불가피하게 이루어진다면, 선박의 표면이 스틸판넬에 직접 마찰이 되면서 선박과 접안시설의 파손으로 인한 보수비용이 큰 손실로 발생되어 고무 방현재에 대한 소기의 목적을 달성하지 못한다.In the case of using such rubber fenders, maintenance and replacement work frequently occurs, resulting in a loss of maintenance cost and time, and if the ship's piercing is inevitably carried out without being replaced, the surface of the ship is directly connected to the steel panel. As friction occurs, repair costs due to damage to ships and berths are incurred as large losses, thus failing to achieve the desired purpose for rubber fenders.

본 발명은 상술한 목적을 달성하기 위한 것으로서, 특히, 레진패드와 보호 The present invention is to achieve the above object, in particular, the resin pad and protection

판넬을 가지는 고무 방현재에 일정한 두께의 탄성을 보유한 충격흡수부재로서 방진용 특수고무패드를 사용하여 선박 접안시 레진패드에 대한 선박의 충격을 완화시킴으로서 레진패드의 수명을 향상시켜 고무 방현재의 내구성을 개선하고 보수유지비를 절감하는데 그 목적이 있다. 또한, 본 발명은 일정한 두께의 충격흡수부재(60)인 방진용 특수고무패드를 레진패드(10)와 스틸판넬(20) 사이에 장착하여 볼트(11)를 체결함으로써 선박 접안시 레진패드(10)가 받는 충격을 탄성을 이용한 충격흡수부재(60)인 방진용 특수고무패드가 1차 완화시킴으로써 레진패드(10)의 파손을 방지하고, 또 지속적인 선박의 접안 및 마찰에 의한 볼트 풀림 현상을 방지함으로써 고무 방현재의 역할을 완전하게 할 수 있도록 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. It is a shock absorbing member that has elasticity of a certain thickness in a rubber fender with a panel. By using special rubber pads for vibration prevention, it is possible to reduce the impact of the ship on the resin pad during berthing, thereby improving the life of the resin pad and improving the durability of the rubber fender. The purpose is to improve the quality of maintenance and reduce maintenance costs. In addition, the present invention is mounted between the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20 is a special rubber pad for the dust-absorbing shock absorbing member 60 of a certain thickness by tightening the bolt (11) when the vessel berthing resin pad (10) The primary shock absorber is a special anti-vibration rubber pad, which is a shock-absorbing member 60 using elasticity, to prevent damage to the resin pad 10 and to prevent bolt loosening due to continuous ship berthing and friction. The purpose is to be able to fulfill the role of rubber fenders.

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 구성에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the configuration of the present invention.

도 2는 방진용 충격흡수 부재인 특수고무패드의 상세도면을 나타내는 도면이고, 도 3은 방진용 특수고무패드를 레진패드와 스틸판넬 사이에 장착한 고무 방현재의 설치상태를 나타내는 도면으로서, 본 발명은 선박의 접안시설 안벽(50)면에 수평상태로 돌출되어 볼트에 의하여 고정되는 고무본체(30)와, 상기 고무본체(30)의 끝 단부에 볼트에 의하여 고정되는 스틸판넬(20)과 상기 스틸판넬의 단부에 고정되는 레진패드(10), 그리고, 상기 레진패드(10)와 상기 스틸판넬(20)사이에 장착되어 상기 레진패드(10)에 가해지는 외부충격을 흡수 가능한 충격흡수부재(60)로 이루어져 있다. 이하, 본 발명에 대하여 상세히 설명한다.FIG. 2 is a view showing a detailed view of a special rubber pad that is a shock absorbing member for dust protection, and FIG. 3 is a view showing an installation state of a rubber fender in which a special rubber pad for vibration is mounted between a resin pad and a steel panel. The invention protrudes in a horizontal state on the surface of the eyepiece facility 50 of the vessel is fixed to the rubber body 30 by a bolt, and the steel panel 20 is fixed to the end of the rubber body 30 by a bolt and Resin pad 10 fixed to the end of the steel panel, and the shock absorbing member mounted between the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20 to absorb the external shock applied to the resin pad 10 It consists of 60. EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, this invention is demonstrated in detail.

고무본체(30)는 제 1 및 제2 수평부재(31, 32)로 이루어져 있으며, 각각의 수평부재는 각각 볼트에 의하여 안벽(50)에 고정된다. 한편, 고무본체(30)의 재질은 고무로 이루어져 후술하는 래진패드(10)를 통하여 외부로부터 충격이 가해졌을 때 완충작용을 하게 된다. 한편, 고무본체(30)의 단부에는 스틸판넬(20)이 장착된다.The rubber main body 30 is composed of first and second horizontal members 31 and 32, and each horizontal member is fixed to the inner wall 50 by bolts. On the other hand, the material of the rubber main body 30 is made of rubber to cushion the action when an impact is applied from the outside through the resin pad 10 to be described later. On the other hand, the steel panel 20 is mounted to the end of the rubber body 30.

스틸판넬(20)은 상기 고무본체(30)의 단부에 볼트에 의하여 고정되며, 스틸판넬(20)의 외측면에는 레진패드(10)가 볼트(11)에 의하여 고정된다. 한편, 레진패드(10)와 스틸판넬(20)사이에는 충격흡수부재(60)가 삽입되는데, 충격흡수부재(60)는 횡 방향으로 다수의 홈(60a)이 형성되어 있어서 상기 홈(60a)부분에 의하여 충격흡수효과를 더 증대시킨다.The steel panel 20 is fixed to the end of the rubber body 30 by a bolt, the resin pad 10 is fixed to the outer surface of the steel panel 20 by the bolt (11). Meanwhile, the shock absorbing member 60 is inserted between the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20. The shock absorbing member 60 has a plurality of grooves 60a formed in the horizontal direction so that the grooves 60a are formed. The part further enhances the shock absorbing effect.

한편, 충격흡수부재(60)는 방진용 특수고무로서 천연고무 혹은 합성고무를 이용하여 내압축성 및 내충격성, 내후성이 우수한 재질을 사용한다. 또한, 충격흡수부재의 제조는 가황에 의하여 제조한다. 또한, 충격흡수부재(60)는 탄성에 의하여 레진패드(10)의 내충격성과 볼트(11)의 풀림 현상을 방지하는 작용도 한다. On the other hand, the shock absorbing member 60 is made of a material that is excellent in compression resistance, impact resistance, weather resistance using natural rubber or synthetic rubber as a special rubber for dust. The shock absorbing member is also manufactured by vulcanization. In addition, the shock absorbing member 60 also serves to prevent the impact resistance of the resin pad 10 and the loosening of the bolt 11 by elasticity.

한편, 도 2에는 도시 되어 있지 않으나, 충격흡수부재(60)상에 볼트(11)가 삽입될 수 있는 다수의 홀을 형성할 수 있다. Meanwhile, although not shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of holes into which the bolt 11 may be inserted may be formed on the shock absorbing member 60.

한편, 본 발명은 일정한 두께의 충격흡수부재(60)인 방진용 특수고무패드를 레진패드(10)와 스틸판넬(20) 사이에 장착하여 볼트(11)를 체결함으로써 선박 접안시 레진패드(10)가 받는 충격을 탄성을 이용한 충격흡수부재(60)인 방진용 특수고무패드가 1차 완화시킴으로써 레진패드(10)의 파손을 방지하고, 또 지속적인 선박의 접안 및 마찰에 의한 볼트 풀림 현상을 방지함으로써 고무 방현재의 역할을 완전하게 할 수 있도록 한다.On the other hand, the present invention is mounted between the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20 is a special rubber pad for the dust-absorbing shock absorbing member 60 of a predetermined thickness by tightening the bolt 11 to the resin pad 10 when docking the vessel The primary shock absorber is a special anti-vibration rubber pad, which is a shock-absorbing member 60 using elasticity, to prevent damage to the resin pad 10 and to prevent bolt loosening due to continuous ship berthing and friction. This allows the rubber fender to fulfill its role.

또한, 충격흡수부재(60) 천연고무 혹은 합성고무를 이용하여 내후성, 내압축성 및 내충격성이 우수한 특성으로 배합되어지고, 일정간격으로 홈이 가공되어 있어 장착 후 잦은 접안에 의한 충격 및 마찰에 의한 장착위치 이탈을 방지하고, 두께는 5~10㎜로 제작하여 레진패드와 스틸판넬을 볼트로서 고정함에 있어서, 이 두께의 미만으로 제작하면 충분히 조였을 때 어느 정도의 두께가 유지되지 않아 기능을 발휘하지 못하게 되고, 이 두께를 초과 제작하면 기능상 문제는 없으나 필요 이상의 비용이 발생하므로 일정한 두께를 유지함이 중요하다.In addition, the shock absorbing member 60 is blended with excellent weather resistance, compression resistance and impact resistance by using natural rubber or synthetic rubber, and the grooves are processed at regular intervals. To prevent deviation from the mounting position, and to make the resin pad and steel panel as bolts by making the thickness of 5 ~ 10mm, if it is made less than this thickness, the thickness is not maintained to some extent when fully tightened. If this thickness is exceeded, there is no functional problem, but it is more expensive than necessary, so it is important to maintain a constant thickness.

본 발명에 의하여 레진패드와 보호판넬을 가지는 고무 방현재에 일정한 두께의 탄성을 보유한 충격흡수부재로서 방진용 특수고무패드를 사용하여 선박 접안시 레진패드에 대한 선박의 충격을 완화시킴으로써 레진패드의 수명을 향상시켜 고무방현재의 내구성을 개선하고 보수유지비를 절감하는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention, a rubber pad having a resin pad and a protective panel has a elasticity of a certain thickness and has a certain thickness of elasticity. It improves the durability of rubber fenders and has the effect of reducing maintenance costs.

또한, 본 발명은 일정한 두께의 충격흡수부재(60)인 방진용 특수고무패드를 레진패드(10)와 스틸판넬(20) 사이에 장착하여 볼트(11)를 체결함으로써 선박 접안시 레진패드(10)가 받는 충격을 탄성을 이용한 충격흡수부재(60)인 방진용 특수고무패드가 1차 완화시킴으로써 레진패드(10)의 파손을 방지하고, 또 지속적인 선박의 접안 및 마찰에 의한 볼트 풀림 현상을 방지함으로써 고무 방현재의 역할을 완전하게 할 수 있도록 하는 효과가 있다.In addition, the present invention is mounted between the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20 is a special rubber pad for the dust-absorbing shock absorbing member 60 of a certain thickness by tightening the bolt (11) when the vessel berthing resin pad (10) The primary shock absorber is a special anti-vibration rubber pad, which is a shock-absorbing member 60 using elasticity, to prevent damage to the resin pad 10 and to prevent bolt loosening due to continuous ship berthing and friction. By doing so, there is an effect that the role of the rubber fender can be completed.

도 1은 종래의 레진패드를 포함한 고무 방현재의 설치상태를 나타내는 도면.1 is a view showing an installation state of a rubber fender including a conventional resin pad.

도 2는 충격흡수부재의 상세도면.Figure 2 is a detailed view of the shock absorbing member.

도 3은 충격흡수부재를 레진패드와 스틸판넬 사이에 장착한 고무 방현재의 설치상태를 나타내는 도면.3 is a view showing an installation state of a rubber fender having a shock absorbing member mounted between a resin pad and a steel panel.

<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: 레진패드 20: 스틸판넬10: resin pad 20: steel panel

30: 고무본체 50: 안벽30: rubber body 50: inner wall

60: 충격흡수부재60: shock absorbing member

Claims (2)

선박의 접안시설 안벽(50)면에 수평상태로 돌출되어 볼트에 의하여 고정되되 상기 안벽면으로부터 수평으로 고정되는 제1 및 제2 수평부재로 이루어진 고무본체(30)와, A rubber main body (30) consisting of first and second horizontal members which protrude in a horizontal state on the surface of the eyepiece facility (50) of the ship and are fixed by bolts and fixed horizontally from the inner wall surface; 상기 고무본체(30)의 끝단부에 고정되는 스틸판넬(20)과,Steel panel 20 and fixed to the end of the rubber body 30, 상기 스틸판넬의 단부에 고정되는 레진패드(10),Resin pad 10 is fixed to the end of the steel panel, 상기 레진패드(10)와 상기 스틸판넬(20)사이에 장착되어 상기 레진패드(10)에 가해지는 외부충격을 흡수 가능하되, 횡 방향으로 홈이 형성되어 있는 충격흡수부재(60)를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 충격흡수부재를 포함하는 고무 방현재.Is mounted between the resin pad 10 and the steel panel 20 to absorb the external shock applied to the resin pad 10, but includes a shock absorbing member 60 is formed with a groove in the horizontal direction Rubber fender comprising a shock absorbing member, characterized in that. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 충격흡수부재의 두께는 5~10mm 이내의 범위로 구성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 충격흡수부재를 포함하는 고무 방현재.The thickness of the shock absorbing member is a rubber fender comprising a shock absorbing member, characterized in that configured in the range of 5 ~ 10mm.
KR1020040046635A 2004-06-22 2004-06-22 The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact KR20050121489A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020040046635A KR20050121489A (en) 2004-06-22 2004-06-22 The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020040046635A KR20050121489A (en) 2004-06-22 2004-06-22 The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20050121489A true KR20050121489A (en) 2005-12-27

Family

ID=37293634

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020040046635A KR20050121489A (en) 2004-06-22 2004-06-22 The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact

Country Status (1)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20050121489A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101465714B1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-11-27 삼성중공업 주식회사 Apparatus for supporting topside module of marine structure

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101465714B1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2014-11-27 삼성중공업 주식회사 Apparatus for supporting topside module of marine structure

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7430978B2 (en) Fender for boats with internal conduit
CN104762872B (en) Anti-collision device and anti-collision buoyancy box
KR101312289B1 (en) Anchor for mounting the fender and fender mounting structure having the same
JP2007162221A (en) Fender
CN214423309U (en) Multistage buffering ship collision prevention device based on non-Newtonian fluid
CN113833917A (en) Buffer protection device for submarine pipeline interface
KR20050121489A (en) The rubber fender for absorbing the impact, including the portion which is absorb the impact
JP2009191473A (en) Fender and method of reinforcing fender
KR200469589Y1 (en) chain connecting device for the fender of ship
CN204589914U (en) A kind of impact attenuation device of harbour
CN203158220U (en) Sonar anti-collision damping protective device for underwater robot
KR20120066458A (en) Apparatus for connecting guard fence on the bridge with sacrifice member
ES1118005U (en) Rotary defense for springs (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
KR101032740B1 (en) Bridge bearing
JPH0118670Y2 (en)
CN207956562U (en) Military vibration damping transport case
WO2020121472A1 (en) Fender structure
KR200266327Y1 (en) Bearing for bridge
CN218148150U (en) Wear-resistant rubber fender stable in installation
KR200403573Y1 (en) Shock-absorbing structure for harbor structure
JP2005325624A (en) Vehicle speed reducing bump
KR20060116646A (en) A mooring method of ship on the quaywall using multi-fender
CN114481817B (en) Bridge bearing platform protection structure
CN220377213U (en) Conical fender
CN214742678U (en) Anti-seismic fastener for automobile chassis

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A201 Request for examination
E902 Notification of reason for refusal
E601 Decision to refuse application