KR20050041572A - Vacuum dehydrator for sludge - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vacuum dewatering device for sludge. The present invention has a slurry supply tank for supplying sewage with sewage, a hollow rotary support shaft fixed to two opposite sides of the slurry supply tank, and a plurality of annular first guide grooves formed in the circumferential direction and having a constant through hole. Adsorption drum having a plurality of band-shaped second guide grooves at intervals in the axial direction and consisting of a drum body that is rotatably supported on two rotary support shafts, a suction roller in which part of the drum body is immersed in sewage, a driving roller spaced apart from the suction drum, Filtration belt connecting drum and driving roller, Receiver tank connected to each rotating support shaft of suction drum, and absorption passage where both ends are connected to its rotating support shaft in suction drum and suction port is immersed in sewage. And a vacuum cover partitioned by an intake passage spaced from sewage and a sealing cover that shields the contact belt between the filter belt and the adsorption drum in the adsorption drum. And a scraper that is in close contact with the outer surface of the filter belt toward the driving roller to separate the dewatered sludge cake.

According to the present invention, both the sludge adsorption rate from the sewage and the water absorption rate from the adsorbed sludge are increased to improve the overall dewatering efficiency, and the sludge can be reliably separated from the filter belt, thereby minimizing the blockage of the filter belt due to the sludge.

Description

Vacuum dehydrator for sludge

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic waste treatment facility such as food waste or organic sludge, and more particularly, extracts and removes sludge from sewage containing organic sludge and at the same time water content of sludge. It relates to a vacuum dewatering device for sludge to lower the.

Recently, with the development of the industrial society, the treatment of various industrial wastes and household wastes, which are generated in large quantities, has become a serious social problem, and among them, many of them are used to treat organic wastes such as sludge or sludge in food waste or sewage. I'm having trouble.

In other words, food waste and sludge are organic wastes that contain a lot of water, and when they are landfilled, they not only cause serious environmental pollution such as soil pollution and groundwater pollution by leachate, but also require vast landfill sites. Because of the seriousness of the treatment is very high.

As a result, organic waste recycling plans have been taken in various ways, and food waste has been actively promoted for feed and composting.In the case of sludge, for example, construction materials such as sidewalk blocks, cement materials, or fertilization by biological treatment, etc. This is actively examined.

However, sludge is a so-called industrial waste, which is mainly generated in various industrial sites such as large-scale operations, dyeing factories, leather factories or sewage and wastewater treatment plants, and thus contains a large amount of harmful substances. Therefore, the sludge may be partially recycled as building materials, but most of the sludge is generally incinerated and then disposed of by landfill.

On the other hand, in order to treat the sludge by incineration or the like in this way, first collect the sludge from the sewage and then dry properly. To this end, the sludge in the sewage is concentrated and dehydrated using a flocculant, and then dehydrated to make a cake having a water content of about 75% or less, and then transferred to a required place such as an incinerator, and then completely dried. Done.

For example, the Republic of Korea Utility Model Registration No. 0324135, the sludge collected from the sewage is put between two filter belts traveling through a predetermined path, compressed by a plurality of rollers and dewatered, and the water contained in the sludge with a vacuum suction roller. The so-called belt press for dewatering by absorption is proposed, but this is not only large in size and complicated in structure, but also because of the fact that the sludge is squeezed onto the filter belt, it is difficult to reliably separate it, and the filter belt is blocked by the sludge. There is a problem in that it is easy to become dehydrated and it is inferior.

On the other hand, Korean Utility Model Registration No.0209359 installs an adsorption drum connected to a vacuum pump so that a part of the body is submerged in the chamber filled with sewage, thereby adsorbing sludge from the sewage while the adsorption drum rotates. A vacuum adsorption dehydrator is proposed, which absorbs the moisture contained therein and separates the sludge adsorbed by the scraper on one side of the adsorption drum.

However, this dehydrator is a structure in which the adsorption drum is covered with a filter cloth on the outer periphery of the fixing frame in which a plurality of support disks are fixed to the rod at a predetermined interval. Accordingly, there is a high possibility that the dewatering efficiency of the sludge is lowered because the filter cloth of the adsorption drum is partially blocked by the remaining sludge.

In particular, the sludge is absorbed from the sludge adhering to the adsorption drum while adsorbing the sludge in the sewage by one vacuum cylinder which is concentrically supported in the adsorption drum with a plurality of through holes and connected to the vacuum pump. The adsorption efficiency as well as the water absorption efficiency from the adsorbed sludge has a low problem.

That is, since sewage and air are sucked at the same time through a limited suction passage, compared to using a dedicated suction passage, the absorption rate is relatively low as the volume occupied by both, resulting in lower dehydration efficiency.

In addition, since water and air are mixed and sucked, there is a fear that water may flow into the vacuum pump.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, to provide a sludge vacuum dewatering device that can be expected to improve the overall dewatering efficiency by increasing the sludge adsorption rate from the sewage and the water absorption rate from the adsorbed sludge. The purpose is.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a sludge vacuum dewatering apparatus which can reliably separate the sludge adsorbed and dehydrated from sewage from the filter cloth and minimize the blockage of the filter cloth caused by the sludge.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a sludge vacuum dewatering device which can be manufactured in a small size and has excellent dewatering efficiency, and that the absorbed water does not enter the vacuum pump.

Vacuum sludge dewatering apparatus for sludge according to the present invention to achieve the above object, the slurry (slurry) supply tank is continuously supplied sewage with sludge; A hollow rotary support shaft fixed to two opposite sides of the slurry supply tank and an annular first guide groove circumferentially formed on the outer circumference at regular intervals along the axial direction and having a through hole at regular intervals. An adsorption drum having a second guide groove radially provided in an axial direction and consisting of a drum body rotatably supported on two rotation support shafts, a part of the drum body being immersed in sewage; A driving roller which is disposed parallel to the suction drum and rotated by a motor; A filtering belt which transfers the adsorbed sludge by connecting the adsorption drum and the driving roller; A receiver tank connected to the vacuum pump and having a predetermined negative pressure therein and connected to each rotary support shaft of the suction drum; A vacuum pipe having both ends connected to the rotary support shaft in the adsorption drum, the interior having a water intake port which is divided into an absorption passage and an intake passage, and submerged in the sewage in each passage; A cover fixed to the vacuum pipe to contact a portion of the inner circumference of the adsorption drum to shield the non-contact portion of the filter belt and the adsorption drum; It characterized in that it comprises a; scraper for separating the dewatered sludge cake by elastically close to the outer surface of the filter belt of the drive roller.

According to one preferred feature of the present invention, a roller brush which contacts the outer surface of the filter belt and rotates in the opposite direction to its running direction is provided at the back of the scraper on the filter belt driving path to remove sludge remaining on the filter belt. .

According to another preferred feature of the present invention, by providing a filter belt cleaner which is installed on the back of the scraper on the filter belt running path to spray high-pressure washing water from the inner surface of the filter belt by removing the sludge remaining in the filter belt Prevents clogging of the filter belt by sludge.

As a result, the present invention separates and sucks sewage and air, thereby increasing both the sludge adsorption rate from the sewage and the water absorption rate from the adsorbed sludge, thereby improving the overall dewatering efficiency and reliably separating the sludge from the filter belt. The blockage of the filter belt by sludge is also minimized.

In addition, since the structure is simple and compact, it has excellent dewatering efficiency, and there is no fear that the absorbed water flows into the vacuum pump. Therefore, the present invention has a great effect on the dewatering performance, reliability, and cost reduction of the vacuum dewatering device for sludge. Exert.

Such specific features and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 to 3, the vacuum dewatering device for sludge according to the present invention is rotatably installed in the casing 10 having the slurry supply tank 11 and the slurry supply tank 11 to adsorb the sludge in a vacuum. Suction water and air in the adsorption drum 20, and a filter belt 40 for electrically connecting the adsorption drum 20, the drive roller 30, the adsorption drum 20 and the drive roller 30, and the adsorption drum 20. The non-contact portion of the vacuum belt 50, the receiver tank 60 for storing the water sucked through the vacuum pipe 50, and the filter belt 40 and the adsorption drum 20 inside the adsorption drum 20. It is composed of a scraper 80 for separating the sealed cover 70 and the dewatered sludge cake (C) from the filter belt 40 to shield the vacuum leakage.

The casing 10 has a box shape with an open top surface, and has a hopper-type slurry supply tank 11 in which sewage, including sludge, is filled in one of the inner surfaces thereof. Sewage is continuously supplied to the slurry supply tank 11 from its bottom through the conduit 12. And the other side of the casing 10 is provided with a discharge hopper 13 for guiding the external discharge of the sludge cake (C) separated from the filter belt (40).

The adsorption drum 20 consists of a drum body 21 and a pair of rotary support shafts 22 rotatably supporting the drum body 21 on two opposite side walls 14 of the casing 10. Each rotary support shaft 22 is formed in a hollow to deliver a vacuum to the drum body 21, and is provided with a fixing block 23 on the outer surface of the side wall 14 of the casing 10, respectively, and fixed to penetrate therethrough It protrudes suitably into and out of the side wall 14 of this casing 10.

The drum body 21 has an end cover 24 which shields the inside thereof at both ends, and each end cover 24 is coupled to a corresponding rotation support shaft 22 via a bearing 25 so that the casing ( It is rotatably supported in the slurry supply tank 11 of 10). The end cover 24 has a flange 24a having an outer diameter larger than that of the drum body 21, to prevent the filter belt 40 from being separated. Preferably, a seal cap 26 is mounted on the outer surface of each end cover 24 to surround the rotary support shaft 22 to prevent leakage of vacuum through the rotating part.

As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, a plurality of annular first guide grooves 27 formed in the circumferential direction thereof are continuously arranged at regular intervals along the axial direction on the outer circumference of the drum body 21, and in the axial direction. A plurality of band-shaped second guide grooves 28 are formed at regular angle intervals along the circumferential direction. A plurality of through holes 29 are provided at the bottom of each of the second guide grooves 28 so that the vacuum acts on the outside of the drum body 21.

Accordingly, the first and second guide grooves 27 and 28 are connected to each other by being substantially crossed in a matrix, so that the vacuum is densely and uniformly applied to the entire surface of the drum body 21 so that This is to increase the adsorption and adsorption efficiency.

The driving roller 30 is positioned at the other side of the casing 10 by being spaced side by side with an appropriate distance from the adsorption drum 20, the bearing box 31 on the outer surface of both side walls 14 of the casing 10, respectively The rotary shaft is rotatably supported by these bearing boxes 31. A driven sprocket wheel 32 is provided on one rotation shaft of the drive roller 30, and the driven sprocket wheel 32 is provided with a drive sprocket wheel 34 of the motor 33 provided on one side of the casing 10. The drive roller 30 is rotated by being connected to the chain 35.

The filter belt 40 may be configured in various forms. For example, the filter belt 40 may be formed of a fabric having an appropriate thickness having fine pores so as to filter sludge, and directly on the suction drum 20 and the driving roller 30. Are combined in a dialing manner.

Here, the driving roller 30 is configured to have a sufficiently small diameter compared to the adsorption drum 20, the center of the adsorption drum so that the tension side of the filter belt 40 can be horizontally based on the adsorption drum 20 It is located eccentrically a predetermined distance from the center of the (20). In addition, the filter belt 40 is relaxed between the loosening side of the filter belt 40 and the driving roller 30 so as to be immersed in the slurry supply tank 11 while the filter belt 40 is sufficiently wound on the adsorption drum 20. A plurality of guide rollers 90 for guiding the side horizontally are suitably arranged and rotatably supported on the side wall 14 of the casing 10.

In addition, a tension roller 91 for adjusting the tension of the filter belt 40 is provided at the relaxed side of the filter belt 40. To this end, a vertical guide hole 15 is formed in the side wall 14 of the casing 10, and the rotation shaft of the tension roller 91 is movably coupled to the vertical guide hole 15. Then, the brackets 92 are provided at both ends of the tension roller 91, and the brackets 92 are connected to the support plate 16 provided on the side wall 14 of the casing 10 by bolts 93. The tension of the tension roller 91 is raised and lowered to adjust the tension.

Both ends of the vacuum pipe 50 are connected to two rotating support shafts 22 of the adsorption drum 20 in the adsorption drum 20 so as to communicate with each other. The interior of the vacuum pipe 50 is divided into two parts, an absorption passage 51 and an intake passage 52 by a baffle 53. And the absorption nipple (54) protrudes downward on the absorption passage 51 side to be immersed in the sewage to an appropriate depth, and the intake nipple (55) protrudes downward on the intake passage 52 side and sewage Is properly spaced from the surface of the.

The receiver tank 60 is connected to the vacuum pump 61 and the conduit 62 to form a predetermined negative pressure therein, and the adsorption drum 20 through the absorption pipe 63 and the intake pipe 64. It is connected to the two rotary support shaft 22 of the vacuum transfer to the water absorption passage 51 and the air intake passage 52 of the vacuum pipe 50.

At this time, the intake pipe path 64 is connected to the upper side of the receiver tank 60 than the absorption pipe path 63, which is to suppress the water absorbed from the sludge flow into the vacuum pump 61.

A drain pipe 65 for discharging the sucked water to the outside is connected to the lower portion of the receiver tank 60 with a drain pump 66.

The sealing cover 70 blocks the non-contacting portions of the filter belt 40 and the adsorption drum 20 in the adsorption drum 20, so that the vacuum in the adsorption drum 20 leaks through the non-contacting portion with the filter belt 40. To prevent them.

6 and 7, the sealing cover 70 is configured to have an arc shape of curvature corresponding to the inner circumference of the adsorption drum 20, and fixedly inserted and fixed to the outer circumference of the vacuum pipe 50. It is supported by the vacuum pipe 50 by being screwed to the outer end of the plurality of fan-shaped supports 71 having the ring 72 in the center, and is in sliding contact with the inner circumference of the suction drum 20. Such a sealing cover 70 is preferably made of synthetic resin.

The scraper 80 has a bearing shaft 82 mounted on an outer surface of the side wall 14 of the casing 10 so that both ends thereof are rotatably supported, and one end thereof is fixed to the support shaft 81. The free end is made of a blade (83) for separating the dewatered sludge cake (K) from the filter belt (40) by contacting the outer surface of the filter belt (40) surrounding the drive roller (30).

The blade 83 is elastically biased toward the driving roller 30 by a coil or a torsion spring (not shown), and the free end thereof is strongly adhered to the filter belt 40.

On the other hand, the roller brush 100 for removing the sludge remaining on the filter belt 40 closely adheres to the outer surface of the filter belt 40 at the downstream side of the scraper 80, preferably at the vertical lower portion of the drive roller 30. It is installed as possible.

As shown in FIG. 8, the roller brush 100 is rotatably supported at both ends of the side wall 14 of the casing 10, and the driven sprocket wheel 101 is mounted at one end of the driving roller 30. By connecting to the drive sprocket wheel 102 and the chain 103 mounted on the motor 33 is rotated in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the filter belt 40.

In addition, the filter belt cleaner 110 for cleaning the filter belt 40 by spraying high pressure washing water onto the filter belt 40 on the filter belt 40 between the roller brush 100 and the adsorption drum 20. Is installed. This is because the filter belt 40 is made of a fabric having a fine pore, to prevent the micropores of the filter belt 40 is blocked by the sludge particles to reduce the sludge adsorption rate and water absorption rate.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the filter belt cleaner 110 is disposed in the width direction of the filter belt 40 so as to contact the inner surface of the filter belt 40 with the long washing water injection channel 112 at the bottom surface. The main body 111 is fixed to both side walls 14 of the casing 10, and a water supply pump 114 for supplying high pressure washing water to the washing water injection channel 112 of the body 111.

The washing water injection channel 112 has a bottom surface completely opened and is in close contact with the filter belt 40. The washing water injection channel 112 includes a washing water inlet hole 113 at the center of the upper surface thereof, and is connected to the water supply pump 114 through a conduit 115. Here, although not separately shown, a plurality of branch pipes for forming a plurality of washing water inlet holes at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the filter belt 40 and simultaneously supplying high pressure washing water to the spray channel through each of the washing water inlet holes. Of course, you can also connect to.

Preferably, roller receiving grooves 116 are formed at both sides of the washing water injection channel 112 of the body 111, respectively, and guide rollers 117 for guiding the transfer of the filter belt 40 to these roller receiving grooves 116. ) Is rotatably mounted.

Next, the operation of the sludge vacuum dewatering apparatus according to the present invention configured as described above will be described.

When the device is driven, the driving roller 30 is rotated in a predetermined direction by the motor 33, and thus the filter belt 40 is transferred in the same direction, so that the adsorption drum 20 is frictional with the filter belt 40. Rotates at the same time.

In addition, sewage is supplied to the slurry supply tank 11 of the casing 10, and the vacuum pump 61 is operated to generate a predetermined negative pressure in the receiver tank 60, so that vacuum is generated inside the adsorption drum 20. It will work.

Then, first, the sewage of the slurry supply tank 11 is sucked into the receiver tank 60 through the absorption passage 51 and the absorption pipe 63 of the vacuum pipe 50 by the absorption nipple 54 submerged therein. At this time, the sludge contained in the sewage is filtered by the filter belt 40 and transported along the filter belt 40 in a state of being adsorbed on the outer surface of the filter belt 40.

Subsequently, when the sludge cake K adsorbed and transported by the filter belt 40 is out of the sewage, the sludge cake by the vacuum acting in the adsorption drum 20 by the intake nipple 55 spaced apart from the surface of the sewage. (K) is transferred to the outer surface of the adsorption drum 20, and at the same time moisture contained in the sludge cake (K) is sucked along the intake air flow to the intake passage (52) of the vacuum pipe (50) and It is sucked into the receiver tank 60 through the intake pipe path 64.

At this time, the present invention is divided into the absorption passage 51 and the intake passage 52 spaced apart from the sewage and the vacuum pipe 50 is immersed in the sewage, so that the vacuum acts respectively, the suction rate of the sewage and moisture from the sludge cake (K). Excellent water absorption, thereby increasing the overall sludge dewatering efficiency.

That is, the absorption passage 51 and the intake passage 52 are both connected to the receiver tank 60 so that a vacuum of the same pressure acts, and the absorption nipple 54 connected to the absorption passage 51 moves into the adsorption drum 20. Only the suction of the sewage is immersed in the introduced sewage, and the vacuum is used only, and the intake nipple 55 connected to the intake passage 52 is separated from the surface of the sewage so that only the filter belt 40 of the sludge cake K is out of the sewage. Since the vacuum is used only for the adsorption, at the same time the absorption rate of each absorption is at least simultaneously compared to the conventional intake of the sewage and the water absorption from the sludge cake at the same time by a single vacuum pipe (50) This increases by the relative volume ratio of water and air, which in turn leads to an increase in the overall dewatering efficiency of the device.

In particular, since the non-contact portion, in which the adsorption drum 20 and the filter belt 40 are not in contact, is shielded by an airtight cover 70 in close contact with the inner circumference of the adsorption drum 20, vacuum leakage in the adsorption drum 20 is prevented. It is hardly generated, and therefore, the vacuum by the intake nipple 55 is used for adsorption of the sludge cake K to the filter belt 40 evenly, so that the water absorption rate from the sludge cake K can be increased.

On the other hand, when the sludge cake (K) dehydrated while passing through the adsorption drum (20) is out of the adsorption drum (20) section, it is released from the influence of the vacuum acting on it and is simply placed on the tension side of the filter belt (40). Scraper which is horizontally transported along the filtration belt 40 and is then elastically in close contact with the filtration belt 40 surrounding the drive roller 30 while being oriented in a downward direction after entering the drive roller 30 section. 80) to separate it from the filter belt (40).

The sludge cake K separated from the filter belt 40 is discharged to the outside through the discharge hopper 13 of the casing 10 provided in the lower portion of the driving roller 30.

And the sludge cake K is separated by the scraper 80, the filter belt 40 is removed from the drive roller 30, the sludge particles remaining thereby are removed by the roller brush 100.

That is, the sludge cake (K) has a certain viscosity as a combination of fine particles, so that the surface is adsorbed to the surface of the nonwoven fabric filter belt 40 by vacuum, soaked into the pores thereof, the filter belt is simply The sludge is not completely removed by the scraper 80 in close contact with the surface of the 40.

Therefore, the sludge particles remain in the surface valleys and pores of the filter belt 40, and the roller brush 100 separates the remaining sludge particles by scratching the outer surface of the filter belt 40.

In particular, the roller brush 100 is in close contact with the driving roller 30 to scratch the filter belt 40 relatively strongly, as well as to rotate in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the filter belt 40 to scratch the filter belt 40. Therefore, the sludge particles remaining in the filter belt 40 can be reliably separated and removed.

At this time, the sludge particles removed by the roller brush 100 is discharged to the outside through the discharge hopper 13 of the casing (10).

Subsequently, the filter belt 40 from which the remaining sludge particles are first removed by the roller brush 100 is washed with high pressure washing water while passing through the filter belt cleaner 110 immediately before entering the adsorption drum 20, and remains. After the sludge particles are reliably removed, they are wound on the adsorption drum 20.

That is, since the dewatered sludge particles are viscous without being completely dried, even if the sludge particles attached to the filter belt 40 are separated by the roller brush 100, they are not completely removed therefrom and still remain on the filter belt 40. It may be buried or remain in the micropores of the filter belt 40, the high pressure washing water is sprayed by the feed water pump 114 when the filter belt 40 passes through the cleaner 110, the injection of the cleaner body 111 The washing water continuously supplied to the channel 112 and thus supplied to the injection channel 112 passes through the pores of the filter belt 40 at high speed by the water supply pressure, thereby reliably removing the sludge particles remaining therein.

At this time, the washing water used to wash the filter belt 40 is introduced into the slurry supply tank 11 of the casing 10 and mixed with the sewage to be re-sucked by the vacuum pipe 50.

Therefore, since the dewatering device of the present invention is wound around the adsorption drum 20 in a state where the filter belt 40 is cleanly washed without remaining sludge, the adsorption rate and water absorption rate of sewage due to the pore occlusion of the filter belt 40 as in the prior art. No deterioration occurs, and thus it is possible to ensure a uniform dehydration efficiency at all times.

As described above, according to the vacuum dewatering apparatus for sludge according to the present invention, since sewage and air are separated and sucked, both the sludge adsorption rate from the sewage and the water absorption rate from the adsorbed sludge are increased, thereby improving the overall dewatering efficiency.

In addition, the sludge can be reliably separated from the filter belt, thereby minimizing the blockage of the filter belt due to the sludge, thereby ensuring a uniform dehydration performance at all times.

In addition, the structure is simple and compact compared to the prior art, has a good dehydration efficiency, and there is little fear that the absorbed water flows into the vacuum pump.

Therefore, the present invention has a very excellent effect that contributes greatly to the dewatering performance and reliability of the sludge vacuum dewatering device and cost reduction.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing an organic waste dehydration apparatus according to the present invention,

2 is a side view of FIG. 1;

3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2;

Figure 4 is a partial cutaway side view showing a vacuum drum of the present invention dehydration device,

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG. 4; FIG.

Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a closed cover of the present invention dehydration device,

7 is a rear view of the coupled state of FIG. 8;

8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 2;

9 is a bottom exploded perspective view showing a washing unit of the present invention dehydration device,

10 is a cross-sectional view of the coupled state of FIG.

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

 10: casing 11: slurry feed tank

 13: discharge hopper 20: adsorption drum

 21: drum body 22: (hollow) rotating support shaft

 27: annular first guide groove 28: annular second guide groove

 29: through hole 30: drive roller

 33: motor 40: filter belt

 50: vacuum pipe 51: absorption passage

 52: intake passage 53: baffle

 54: Absorption nipple 55: Intake nipple

 60: receiver tank 61: vacuum pump

 70: airtight cover 80: scraper

 90: guide roller 91: tension roller

100: roller brush 110: filter belt cleaner

112: injection channel 114: feed water pump

Claims (4)

A slurry supply tank for continuously supplying sewage with sludge; A hollow having a hollow rotary support shaft fixed to two opposite sides of the slurry supply tank, and an annular first guide groove formed in the circumferential direction at a predetermined interval along the axial direction and a through hole at a predetermined interval A suction drum in which a part of the drum body is immersed in the sewage, comprising a drum body radially provided with a second guide groove on the shaft to be axially supported by the two rotation support shafts; A driving roller disposed to be spaced apart from the suction drum and rotated by a motor; A filter belt connecting the adsorption drum and a driving roller to transfer the adsorbed sludge; A receiver tank connected to a vacuum pump and having a predetermined negative pressure therein and connected to each rotating support shaft of the suction drum; A vacuum pipe having both ends connected to the rotary support shaft in the adsorption drum, the interior having a water intake port partitioned into an absorption path and an intake path and immersed in sewage in each passage; A cover fixed to the vacuum pipe to contact a portion of the inner circumference of the suction drum to shield the non-contact portion of the filter belt and the suction drum; And a scraper for elastically adhering to an outer surface of the filter belt toward the driving roller to separate the dewatered sludge cake. The sludge vacuum dewatering device according to claim 1, wherein a roller brush which is rotated opposite to the traveling direction of the filter belt on the back of the scraper on the filter belt running path and removes the sludge remaining on the filter belt. 3. The sludge vacuum according to claim 2, further comprising: a filter belt cleaner installed between the roller brush on the filter belt running path and the suction drum, and the filter belt cleaner spraying high-pressure washing water from the inner surface thereof. Dewatering device. The method of claim 3, wherein the filter belt cleaner, A pair of roller accommodation grooves arranged side by side and a washing water injection channel formed between the roller accommodation grooves and rotatably installed in the casing installed in the width direction of the filter belt and the roller accommodation grooves of the casing, respectively; A guide roller for rolling contact with the filtration belt, and a vacuum dewatering device for sludge, characterized in that the feed water pump for supplying a high pressure washing water to the washing water injection channel.