KR20010074692A - A microparticle system in the paper making process - Google Patents

Abstract

The retention and drainage aids of the present invention, including the particulate systems used in the production of alkali and acid paper products, comprise an inorganic particulate and coagulant polymer comprising aluminum substituted tri-octahedral minerals and a cationic coagulant as optional ingredient. The polymer flocculant is added to the feed solution after the pan pump and before the pressure screen; The inorganic particulate material is added to the feed liquid after the pressure screen, and in some cases the coagulant is added before the pan pump.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a particulate system in a papermaking process,

In the manufacture of paper or paperboard, a dilute aqueous composition known as a "furnish" or "stock" is sprayed onto a moving mesh known as a "wire". The solid components of the composition, such as cellulosic fibers and inorganic particulate fillers, are drained or filtered by wires to join the paper sheet. The proportion of solid material retained on the wire is known as the " first pass retention " of the papermaking process.

Retention is believed to be a function of different mechanisms such as mechanical conversion, electrostatic attraction and cross-linking between fiber and filler in the feed liquid. Because the cellulosic fibers and many conventional fillers both have negative charge, they are mutually repulsive. In general, the only factor that tends to increase retention is mechanical entrainment. Therefore, retention aids are generally used to increase the retention of fibers and fillers on the wire.

Drainage is related to the rate at which water is removed from the feed liquid as the paper sheet is fed. The drainage means only the removal of the water which occurs before the compression of the paper sheet, usually following the joining of the sheets. Thus, the overall efficiency of dewatering is improved in the production of paper or paperboard using drainage formulations.

Background of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to the combination of paper or paperboard produced from a papermaking process. The coherence is generally evaluated by variation of the light transmittance in the paper sheet. A large fluctuation indicates a " bad " condition, and a small fluctuation generally indicates a " good " condition. Generally, as the retention level increases, the affinity level generally decreases from a good coherence to a bad coherence.

The improvement in the degree of retention and displacement and in the cohesion characteristics of the final paper or sheet is particularly preferable for various reasons (the most important of which is productivity). Good retention and good drainage allow the paper machine to operate more quickly and reduce machine stoppage. Good sheet bonding reduces the amount of waste paper being discarded. This improvement is realized by the use of retention and drainage aids. Retention and drainage aids are additives that improve the parameters in the papermaking process by aggregating fine solids present in the feed. The use of such an additive is limited by the coagulation effect upon paper sheet bonding. As the retention aid is added more and so the size of the flocculant of fine solid material increases, this generally results in a change in the density of the paper sheet which can result in what is referred to as " poor " And agglomeration can also affect drainage because it can eventually create holes in the sheet and subsequently lose vacuum pressure at later stages of dehydration during the papermaking process. When added to the feedstock of the wet stage of a paper machine, the retention and drainage formulation generally has three types:

(a) a homopolymer;

(b) a biopolymer; or

(c) a particulate system that can be used with coagulant and / or coagulant.

Particulate systems generally provide the best results as retention and drainage aids and are well known in the art. Examples of publications for particulate systems include EP-B-235,893 [using bentonite in the order of addition specified as inorganic material with high molecular weight cationic polymer]; WO-A-94/26972 [the vinylamide polymer is described as being used with one of various inorganic and organic materials such as silica, bentonite, ceramic clay]; WO-A-97/16598 (kaolin is described as being used with one of the various cationic polymers); And EPO 805234 [bentonite, silica or acrylate polymers are used with cationic dispersion polymers].

Additional particulate systems comprising bentonite as inorganic materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,749,444; 4,753, 710; 4,913, 775; 969,976; 5,126, 014; 5,234,548; 5,393,381; 5,415, 740; 5,514,249; And 5,532,308. Some of these particulate systems use coagulants and / or coagulants that are added to the wet end of the paper machine together with inorganic materials in a specified order of addition.

A particulate system comprising a water-swellable smectite clay for use with anionic polymeric dispersants is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,015,334. U.S. Patent No. 5,071,512 discloses a particulate system using hectorite with cationic starch. U.S. Patent No. 5,178,730 discloses a particulate system comprising hectorite with an intermediate molecular weight or higher molecular weight cationic polymer. U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,120 discloses the use of synthetic amorphous magnesium silicate, such as laponite, in combination with an intermediate molecular weight or higher molecular weight cationic polymer. The components of the various particulate systems are subjected to one or more of the following steps in the order of addition specified for the preceding stage, for example, cleaning, mixing and pumping steps (e.g., those classified by centripetal screens, vortex cleaners, fan pumps and mixing pumps) Is added to the wet stage.

Some of the prior art particulate systems discussed above generally describe " bentonite " as inorganic material. However, the term " bentonite " is used vaguely and should not generally be considered to include saponite (discussed in more detail below).

The particulate system includes a polymer coagulant, with or without cationic coagulant and fine inorganic particulate material. The inorganic material improves the efficiency of the coagulant and / or allows for the production of smaller, more uniform pumice deposits.

There are several currently available machines for use in papermaking mills to obtain improved sheet handling properties for paper handling and / or paper used for a particular purpose, such as improved printability or improved surface strength. Despite the microparticle system, there is a very real and substantial need for a particulate system for improving paper or paperboard by improving the drainage, retention and cohesion properties during the papermaking process.

The present invention relates to an improved particulate system and a method of using the system as a preparation in the manufacture of paper products, i.e. paper or paperboard, having improved properties in the field of drainage and sheet bonding.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a sketch illustrating the point of addition of components of a particulate system of the present invention in a preferred form and a portion of a conventional paper machine.

Figure 2 is a three-dimensional surface graph showing the amount of displacement versus the amount of polymer versus saponite for the 5% clay filler, the saponite sample 1 in the first set of examples.

FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional surface graph showing the amount of displacement versus the amount of polymer versus saponite for a 20% clay filler, the saponite sample 1 in the first set of examples.

Figure 4 is a three-dimensional surface graph showing displacement versus polymer versus saponite for 20% clay filler, the saponite sample 2 in the first set of examples.

5 is a three-dimensional surface graph showing the turbidity of a sample containing saponite but not containing saponite.

FIG. 6 is a graph plotting the results for displacement, MK feed, and first pass ash retention (FPAR (%)) for the fifth through eighth embodiments of the present invention in the second set of embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a graph plotting the results for displacement, MK feed, and first pass ash retention (FPAR (%)) for Examples 9-12 of the present invention in the second set of embodiments.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention satisfies this need. The present invention relates to a particulate system for use as a retention and drainage aid in a papermaking process.

A first aspect of the present invention is a papermaking process comprising the step of adding a particulate system as a retention and / or drainage aid comprising a high molecular weight polymer flocculant and an inorganic particulate material to a stock or feedstock of paper, wherein the inorganic particulate material comprises Aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral minerals such as saponite.

A second aspect of the present invention is an improved particulate composition which can be added to a stock solution or feedstock as a holding and / or drainage aid, wherein the particulate composition comprises a high molecular weight polymer flocculant and an inorganic particulate material, wherein the inorganic particulate material comprises aluminum Substituted tri-octahedral minerals such as saponite.

A third aspect of the present invention is a paper or paperboard product having improved properties in the fields of retention, drainage and compaction, wherein the paper or paperboard product is prepared by adding an improved particulate system to a stock solution or feed of aqueous cellulose paper, The particulate system comprises a high molecular weight polymer flocculant and an inorganic material, and the inorganic material comprises aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral minerals such as saponite.

A fourth aspect of the present invention comprises a method of making a paper or paperboard by forming an aqueous cellulose paper feed comprising (a) - (c):

(a) adding a high molecular weight polymer coagulant after the first shearing step to the dilute stock solution stream of the paper feed and adding a solution containing an aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral mineral such as saponite to the dilute stock solution stream of the paper feed solution after the second shearing step Adding a particulate material;

(b) draining the paper feed liquid to join the sheet; And

(c) drying the sheet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a particulate system as a holding and / or drainage aid specifically for use in the wet stage of a paper machine in the papermaking process of acid and alkali micropapers.

The term " paper " as used herein includes articles comprising a sheet of cellulose material, including paper sheets, paper plates, and the like.

The term " particulate system or composition " as used herein refers to a combination of one or more hydrophilic polymers and one or more inorganic particulate materials. The components of the combination may be tested by adding them to the stock solution or feed solution, but they are preferably added separately by the methods and procedures described below.

The present invention can be carried out using a conventional paper machine. According to conventional practice, the feed liquid or " dilute stock solution ", which is drained and adheres to the paper sheet, is often mixed with water, which may be water recycled with pigments or fillers, suitable fibers, special purpose additives and / The preparation is made by diluting a conventional thick stock solution. The dilute stock solution can be cleaned by a conventional method, for example, using a swirl cleaner. Normally, the diluted stock solution is cleaned by passing through a centri-screen. The dilute stock solution is pumped along the papermaking machine by one or more centrifugal pumps, commonly known as fan pumps. For example, the dilute stock solution can be pumped to the centri screen by the first fan pump. The thick stock solution may be diluted with water to form a dilute stock solution before passing to the first fan pump or before going to the first fan pump, for example, by passing a thick stock solution and diluting water through a mixing pump. The dilute stock solution may be further cleaned by passing it through a second centri screen or pressure screen and passed through the headbox prior to the sheet joining process of the papermaking machine.

The sheet joining process may be carried out using any conventional paper or paperboard joining machine, for example, a flat wire saw machine, a twin wire joiner, or a large vessel joiner or any combination of these joining machines. The access system to the papermaking machine may include the components shown in Fig. These components include a fan pump 1, a pressure screen 2, and a head box 3. The thick stock solution is diluted with water by passing the thick stock solution and the diluting water through a mixing pump (not shown) and forms a dilute stock solution before flowing into the fan pump 1. The dilute stock solution is passed through the pressure screen (2) to remove contaminants, and the dilute stock solution leaving the pressure screen (2) passes through the headbox (3) before sheet joining.

Figure 1 also illustrates a preferred point of addition for the components of the particulate system of the present invention. In the case where a cationic coagulant is used, it is preferred to pass the dilute stock solution through the stock solution before passing it through the fan pump 1, in which the movement is indicated by the arrow 4 and the addition by the arrow 5. The flocculant is added to the dilute stock solution as it leaves the fan pump 1 as indicated by arrow 6 and the diluted stock solution is removed from the pressure screen 2 as indicated by arrow 7, It is added to dilute stock solution. The fan pump (1) and the pressure screen (2) create a high-speed step in the paper machine.

In the present invention, the high molecular weight coagulant polymer of the particulate system is preferably added before the dilute stock solution reaches the end point of the high shear stage, and the resulting dilute stock solution is added to the final point of the high shear stage It is preferable to shear at the end. In FIG. 1, the coagulant is shown to be added before the dilute stock solution moves through the pressure screen 2, and the particles are shown to be added after the stock solution has passed through the pressure screen 2.

The coagulant of the present particulate system is preferably added to a dilute stock solution (i. E., A solids content preferably less than or equal to 2%, or at most less than or equal to 3% by weight) Therefore, the flocculant may be added directly to the diluted stock solution or may be added to the diluted water used to convert the diluted stock solution to the diluted stock solution.

High molecular weight coagulant polymers include those which agglomerate solids, especially fine powders, in a paper feed solution. As used herein, " derivative " means fine solid particles and fibers as defined in TAPPI test methods T261 and T269.

The aggregation of the fine particles of the feed liquid can take place either by the high molecular weight polymer itself or by a high molecular weight polymer with another agent, such as a high charge density cationic coagulant. The aggregation of the fine particles provides better retention of the fine particles in the fiber structure of the bonded paper sheet, resulting in improved dehydration or drainage.

High molecular weight polymer flocculants are polymers that preferably provide their own flocculating action.

Examples of high molecular weight polymer flocculants suitable for use herein are those having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 100,000, especially at least 500,000. Molecular weights range from greater than about 1,000,000 and often greater than about 5,000,000, such as from 10,000,000 to over 30,000,000. These polymers may be linear, branched, cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or hydrophobically modified polymers of acrylamide or other nonionic monomers.

The amount of the high molecular weight polymer flocculant of the particulate system added to the stock or feedstock in the present invention may be any amount sufficient to provide a significant effect in flocculating the solids, especially the fines present in the stock or feedstock. The total amount of water soluble polymer added is from about 0.0025 wt.% To about 1.0 wt.%, More preferably from 0.01 wt.% To 0.2 wt.%, Most preferably from about 0.025 wt.% To about 0.1 wt. The dry weight of the polymer based on the dry weight of the polymer). The addition can be carried out more than once at one or more addition points, and it is preferably carried out at once in a dilute stock solution flow followed by a high-shear action fan pump.

Preferably, the aggregate formed by the high molecular weight polymer flocculant is applied to the shear action prior to the addition of the inorganic particulate material of the particulate system. This shear action is preferably induced by a pressure screen which causes high shear action.

The amount of inorganic particulate material in the particulate system added to the stock or feed in the process according to the invention is in the range of from about 0.005% to about 2.0%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5% (based on the dry weight of solids present) Lt; / RTI > The addition is carried out at least once at one or more addition points, but preferably once and preferably after the pressure screen 2 of FIG. 1 and at least between the pressure screen 2 and the headbox 3 .

The inorganic particulate material of the particulate system of the present invention is preferably a saponite which is an aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral mineral.

Patent literature relating to retention, drainage and sheet assembly refers to a wide variety of clay minerals that are included under the broad heading of " bentonite " or " swelling clay " or simply " fine grains ". Clay mineralogy is a complex field, and as mentioned above, terms are often used roughly. The above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 5,178,730 discusses the problem in column 4 lines 14-32, which includes the following: " For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,753,710 discloses anionic, such as sepiolite, attapulgite or preferably montmorillonite This patent also refers to the description of a broader bentonite in U.S. Patent No. 4,305,781 (commercially available bentonite, montmorillonite clay, Wyoming bentonite, and full-earth) as the swelling clay. No. 4,749,444 discloses a water-swellable sheet silicate, which includes nontrononite, hectorite, saponite, volcone scorit, soconite, bederite, alrevanite, ilite, haloisite, attapulgite and sepiolite, Many of these minerals are found in bentonite For example, some of them do not belong to the smectite group (allevarite, ilite, halloysite, atapelgite and sepiolite), and some of them are not swollen Are generally accepted in current clay minerals literature as "unirradiated (ilite, atapulgite, and sepiolite)."

In U. S. Patent No. 5,178, 730, true " bentonite " is referred to as " double octahedral " smectite and true " hectorite " is referred to as " triple octahedral " smectite including its natural clay.

The smectite group of clay minerals is a three-tier mineral with a central layer of alumina or magnesia octahedra generally sandwiched between two layers of silica tetrahedra. When the central octahedral layer contains aluminum ions, the smectite clay is referred to as a " tri-octahedral " mineral. Smectite clay minerals are classified into structure and chemical composition by being referred to as " copper formation substitution " in which a specific proportion of silicon atoms in the two outline tetrahedron layers and / or a specific proportion of aluminum or magnesium atoms in the central octahedral layer are replaced by atoms that are different .

The " base mineral " for the double octahedral subgroup is pyrophyllite which is free of copper octahedral or tetrahedral substitution. As a result of no interlayer cation or water, pyrophyllite does not swell. Montmorillonite, volcon scoite, beardite and nontronite belong to the pyrophyllite subgroup differing in substitution in three layers.

For example, montmorillonite is characterized by having some substitution of aluminum by magnesium in the tetrahedral layer (usually about 15-20% of the number of atoms). Beardite has partial substitution of silicon by aluminum in the tetrahedral layer. Bentonite (Wyoming Clay, Fuller's Earth) is a rock-form, usually formed by weathering of montmorillonite and volcanic ash, often containing some baselite. Natronon inherently has complete substitution of aluminum by iron in the octahedral layer and also partial substitution of silicon by aluminum in the tetrahedral layer. Volcone scoites are similar to nontronite but contain chromium in octahedral layers other than iron. Most bentonites in the prior art are smectite clays of this type. In other words, it usually belongs to montmorillonite.

The " base mineral " for the triple octahedral subgroup without the copper octahedra substitution in the central octahedral layer or outer tetrahedral layer is talc and does not exhibit swelling properties as pyrophyllite. Hectorite, saponite, soconite, and occasionally vermiculite belong to the triple octahedral subclass. Hectorite generally has some substitution of magnesium by lithium in the central octahedral layer. Saponite has a partial substitution of magnesium by aluminum in the central octahedral layer and partial substitution of silicon by aluminum in the outer tetrahedron layer. In succonite, the dominant atom in the central octahedral layer is zinc rather than magnesium, with some of the zinc atoms replaced by aluminum, and some of the silicon atoms of the outer tetrahedron layer are replaced by aluminum. While vermiculite has a high degree of substitution of silicon by aluminum or iron while retaining a magnesium cation between the layers, most of the other naturally occurring smectites, such as those above, have calcium or sodium cations between the layers. As used herein, the term " saponite " is a tri-octahedral clay mineral with aluminum substitution in the central octahedron layer and the outer tetrahedron layer.

The saponite is preferably an inorganic particulate material of the particulate system of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that other aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay minerals such as soniconite and vermiculite may be used. These trihedral octahedral minerals are distinguished from prior art hectorites in that hectorite possesses lithium substitution in the central octahedral layer and in that montmorillonite is a bivalent octahedral mineral with magnesium substitution in the central octahedral layer, , For example, bentonite.

The addition of high molecular weight flocculant polymers generally results in the formation of large aggregates of suspended solids in the stock solution or feedstock to which the polymer is added. These large agglomerates are immediately or subsequently decomposed by high shear into very small agglomerates known in the art as " micro flocs ". This " high shear " can be induced by passing the coagulated feed liquid through the pressure screen 2 of FIG.

Referring again to Fig. 1, a water-soluble polymer generally having a lower molecular weight than the coagulant can be added to the crude stock solution and used as a coagulant. It is preferable to add the stock solution to the stock solution before passing through the fan pump 1. Such a coagulant is preferably a cationic polymer of high charge density. For example, if the coagulant polymer is a nitrogen-containing cationic polymer, it may have an equivalent charge density of 0.2 or more, preferably 0.35 or more, and most preferably 0.4 to 2.5 or more equivalents of nitrogen per kg of polymer. When the polymer is formed by polymerization of a cationic ethylenically unsaturated monomer and optionally other monomers, the amount of cationic monomers is usually at least 2 mol%, and usually at least 5 mol%, based on the total amount of monomers used in forming the polymer Is at least about 10 mole%.

Examples of suitable cationic coagulants include inorganic aluminum salts, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (p-DADMAC); Polyalkylamines; Cationic polymers of epichlorohydrin with dimethylamine and / or ammonia or other primary and secondary amines; Polyamidomine; Copolymers of nonionic monomers (e.g., acrylamide) and cationic monomers such as DADMAC or acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride; Cyanoguanidine-modified polymers of urea / formaldehyde resins; Polyethylene imine; Cationic starch; An amphoteric polymer having a net cationic charge; And mixtures of the above-mentioned coagulants.

The amount of cationic coagulant polymer of the particulate system of the present invention added to the stock solution or feed may be any amount sufficient to provide a significant effect in solidifying the solids present in the stock solution or feed solution. The total amount of water soluble coagulant polymer has a range of from about 0.0025 wt.% To 1.0 wt.%, More preferably from about 0.005 wt.% To about 0.50 wt.% (Dry weight based on the dry weight of solids present in the stock solution or feedstock) .

As described above, the cationic coagulant can be added to the crude stock solution before the fan pump 1, and the high molecular weight coagulant polymer can be added to the diluted stock solution after the stock solution has passed through the fan pump 1, The material may be added to the dilute stock solution after the stock solution has passed through the pressure screen (2).

The initial thick stock solution may be a conventional chemical pulp, such as bleached and unbleached sulfate or sulfite pulp, mechanical pulp such as ground wood, thermomechanical or chemo-thermochemical pulp, or recycled pulp produced in a flocculation or recycling process, An ink-removed waste paper, a fiber-filler composite, and any mixture thereof.

The stock solutions and final papers used in the process of the present invention may be substantially unfilled (e.g., less than 10% by weight of the filler and typically less than 5% by weight of the filler in the final paper) or the filler may be added to the dry weight of the solid Or up to 40% based on the dry weight of the paper. When fillers are used, there may be calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, calcined kaolin, titanium dioxide or talc and conventional white pigment fillers or combinations thereof. The filler (if any) is preferably introduced into the stock solution prior to addition of the components of the particulate system in the usual manner.

The stock solution used in the method of the present invention may include any other known additives such as rosin, alum, neutral size or optical brightener. It may contain an enhancer or binder and may include, for example, starches such as cationic starches. It is common that the pH of the stock solution is in the range of 4 to 9, and a particular advantage of the process of the present invention is that it works effectively at low pH values, e.g.

The amounts of fibers, fillers and other additives such as reinforcing agents or alum are all conventional. Usually, the dilute stock solution has a solid content of 0.1 to 3% by weight or a fiber content of 0.1 to 2% by weight. The dilute stock solution usually has a solid content of 0.1 to 2% by weight.

The inorganic particulate material used in the particulate system of the present invention includes a triple octahedral aluminum containing clay material selected from the group consisting of saponite, soniconite and vermiculite (preferably saponite). These particles are readily dispersed in an aqueous pulp suspension in the papermaking process to improve the surface properties of the final paper product. The particles generally have an average dry particle size of less than 80 μm, usually 1 to 10 μm, more typically 2 nm to 2 μm, preferably 1 nm to 1.2.

Particles having an average size of less than 1 占 퐉 may be present in the size thereof before addition to the stock solution or may be decomposed to the size thereof after addition to the stock solution. Conventional dispersants, such as water-soluble anionic polymers (e.g. acid polymers having acrylic or methacrylic groups of the salts thereof) can be used in a conventional manner, for example, And 3% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

We have found that saponites (Na _0.9 [Mg _6.0 ]) (Si _7.1 Al _0.9 ) O ₂₀ (OH) together with flocculants or flocculant / coagulant systems can increase drainage and retention and improve sheet cohesion in the papermaking process .

Two sets of laboratory experiments were performed. The first set used drainage and retention results, including flocculant and saponite at the feed point shown in FIG. The second set obtains drainage, retention, and sheet joining results using coagulant and saponite added to the dilute stock solution at the feed point shown in FIG. 1 and coagulant, coagulant and saponite at the feed point shown in FIG.

The following examples demonstrate the invention in more detail.

First experiment set

In the examples for the first set of experiments, the following products were used:

Hydrocol 875 is a cationic polyacrylamide polymer flocculant available from Allied Colloids.

Imvite 1016 is a dry saponite clay available from IMV Nevada in the Armagossa Valley, Nevada, USA.

The SMI 200 H-200 mesh is a pulverized dried saponite clay available from GSA Resources, Inc., located in Tuxon, Arizona, USA.

Acme clay is a kaolin clay available from ECC International, Inc. of Roswell, Georgia.

Example 1

Pulp slurry

An alkali paper furnish was prepared. The feed was composed of a blend containing 80% Weyerhauser (Prince Albert HW pulp) and 20% pulp-repellent Georgia Spectrum DP (Xerox grade). The feed was diluted to 250 ml of Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) using a laboratory-scale Voith Allis Valley kneader and diluted to a solids concentration of 0.5% by weight. The pH of the slurry was maintained at about 7.8. Two batches of this feed were made. In a first batch of feed liquid, 5 wt% Acme clay was added as a filler based on the weight concentration of the pulp slurry. For the second batch of feed, 20 wt% of Acme clay was added as a filler based on the weight concentration of the pulp slurry.

Manufacture of reagents

Preparation of water-soluble polymer

For ultimate use in the two pulp slurry batches in the disclosed drainage and retention rate test procedures, a Hydrocol 875 polymer was first made to a headbox concentration of 1.0 wt% in deionized water using a magnetic stirrer, And 0.1% by weight based on the amount of ionized water.

Preparation of Saponite Samples

Two saponite samples were used in the course of these examples for the first set. SMI 200H-200 mesh saponite was used as sample 1, and Imvite 1016 saponite was used as sample 2.

Five grams of each saponite of Sample 1 and Sample 2 were made with 100 ml of deionized water, mixed in a Hamilton Beach mixer for 15 minutes and then diluted to 1000 ml with deionized water. Samples 1 and 2 were mixed for an additional 15 minutes using a magnetic stirrer and hydrated for a minimum of 16 hours. Each of Sample 1 and Sample 2 was mixed and then added to the pulp slurry as described below.

Drainage test

One liter of the first and second pulp slurry batches, each containing 5 wt% Acme clay filler and 20 wt% Acme clay filler, were mixed in a rectangular bottle using a lightning mixer. The mixer speed was kept constant at 1500 rpm for 10 seconds (shear mixing). The batches of these two pulp slurries were then prepared with the polymer solution and then stirred at 1500 rpm for an additional 1 minute. The mixer was turned off and the slurry was allowed to stand for 3 minutes.

The saponite sample 1 was added to a second feed batch containing a 5 wt% kaolin clay filler and a second feed batch containing a 20 wt% clay filler, the saponite sample 2 containing 20 wt% kaolin clay filler 2 < / RTI > The resulting pulp slurry containing the saponite, filler and polymer was poured over the course of 5 minutes using two beakers. The resulting pulp slurry was then poured into a drainage bottle, shaken three times, and the pulp slurry drained. The drained water was collected for 30 seconds and weighed using a tar-coated beaker. The produced pulp slurry was subjected to a drainage test and plotted in Figs.

Retention rate test

Turbidity

The turbidity of the drained water can be a measure of the filler and differential holdings of the system.

250 ml of feed liquid batch containing 5% by weight of kaolin clay filler were mixed (shear mixing) at 1500 rpm. The feed batches were prepared with 6 lbs of dry polymer per ton of dry feed with agitation and mixed for 15 seconds. The turbidity of the discharged water for the feed liquid containing the polymer solution and 5 wt% filler was measured and plotted in Fig. 5 as Sample 3. The saponite sample 1 was then added to the feed in a volume of 12 lb of dry saponite per ton of dry feed. The resulting pulp slurry was mixed for an additional 5 seconds. The turbidity of this feed was measured and plotted in Fig. 5 as sample 4.

The turbidity test was performed using a Hach 2100P turbidimeter.

Hand sheets

240 ml of another feed liquid containing 5 wt% kaolin clay filler was prepared with the polymer solution prepared above. The volume of the saponite solution slurry of Sample 1 was added to the feed and then mixed at 1500 rpm for an additional 5 seconds. These capacities are shown in Table 1 as 6 lbs of dry polymer per ton of dry feed and 0, 6 and 12 lbs of dry saponite per ton of dry feed, respectively.

usage Retention rate Polymer 6 lb / ton saponite 0 lb / ton 92.8% Polymer 6 lb / ton saponite 6 lb / ton 96.7% Polymer 6 lb / ton saponite 12 lb / ton 100.0%

The juice was made using a standard TAPPI template and a standard water working papermaking procedure. The paper sheet was made and burned at 500 ° C. The pulp pads were made using a Forcella Buchner Filler funnel, available from the Coos Company of the United States and equipped with Wattman 41 ash filter paper.

Multiplication result

The drainage results from the first feed batch containing 5% kaolin clay filler are plotted in a three-dimensional plane graph of FIG. 2 showing the saponite (sample) versus polymer usage relative to drainage. The amount of polymer used varied from 1.2 lb to 6.0 lb of dry polymer per ton of dry feed and the amount of saponite (Sample 1) used varied from 0 to 18 dry saponites per ton of dry feed. From the graph of FIG. 2, it can be seen that the amount of drainage (ml) increases as the amount of polymer and saponite used increases.

Secondary feedstock batch-20% clay filler-saponite sample 1

FIG. 3 illustrates data for saponite sample 1 plotted in terms of the amount of saponite used versus the amount of polymer discharged relative to the amount of the feed liquid containing 20 wt% clay filler.

Secondary feed batch - 20% clay filler - Saponite sample 2

Figure 4 illustrates data for a saponite sample 2 plotted in terms of the amount of saponite used versus the amount of polymer discharged relative to the feed liquid containing 20 wt% clay filler.

In Figures 3 and 4, the amount of saponite used is in the range of 0 to 24 lbs of dry saponite per ton of dry feed, and the amount of polymer used is in the range of 2.4 to 6.0 lb of dry polymer per ton of dry feed.

Here again, as the amount of polymer and saponite used was increased, a drainage increase was observed.

Retention rate result

Turbidity is a measure of the retention rate. The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of fine powder and filler in the water drained, and thus the lower the retention rate of the fine powders and fillers in the paper. The results for samples 3 and 4 discussed above are plotted in Fig.

From the results plotted in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the turbidity of sample 4 containing saponite and polymer is significantly lower than that of sample 3 not containing saponite because the filler and fineness of the fine powder contain the polymer and saponite Which is larger than that of sample 4.

Water grass

The results of these experiments are shown in Table 1. Filler retention was measured by burning the water base at 500 ° C. Again, it can be seen that when the saponite is added to the feed, the retention of the filler is increased.

As set forth in the first set of experiments, the displacement and retention of fine powders and fillers can be increased by using a bicomponent particulate system, i.e., saponite and flocculant polymers.

The second set of experiments

This set of experiments suggests that the two-component or three-component microparticle system containing the saponite and polymer flocculants and optionally coagulants can increase the drainage and retention of the finely divided and filler.

Example

The following examples demonstrate the invention in more detail. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. The following products were used in these examples.

Polymer A is a high molecular weight cationic acrylamide / acryloyl acrylate available from Calgon Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.) Containing about 90 mole% acrylamide and about 10 mole% acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride. Oxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer.

Polymer B is a medium molecular weight homopolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride available from Calgon Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.).

Polymer C is a high molecular weight cationic acrylamide copolymer available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals and containing about 25% by weight of cationic charge.

Hydrocol 2D1 is a dry bentonite clay, i.e. montmorillonite, available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals.

Polymer D is a dimethylamine / epichlorohydrin cationic polymer of intermediate molecular weight available from Calgon Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.).

Polymer E is a high molecular weight anionic acrylamide copolymer available from Calgon Corporation (Pittsburgh, Pa.) Containing about 70 mole% acrylamide and about 30 mole% acrylic acid.

Polymer F is polyaluminum chloride available from ECC International (Pittsburgh, Pa.).

Polymer G is a cationic copolymer of a medium molecular weight of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride available from ECC International (Pittsburgh, Pa.).

Polymer H is a ternary polymer of intermediate molecular weight of acrylamide, diallyldimethylammonium chloride and acrylic acid, available from ECC International (Pittsburgh, Pa.).

IMVITE 1016 is a dry saponite clay available from IMV Nevada, Amagosa Valley, Nevada.

Carbital 60 is ground dry calcium carbonate available from ECC International (Atlanta, Ga.).

Stalok 400 and Interbond C are cationic starches available from E. I. Stell.

Hercon 70 is an AKD size available from Hercules Incorporated.

Examples 1-26

Examples 1-26 demonstrate the effectiveness of various formulations of the present invention in improving various sheet properties, retention and drainage, including formation, whiteness and opacity of the aqueous cellulose feedstock. This feed composition is designed to mimic a typical wood free alkaline feed that is used to prepare coated or uncoated magazines or printed and documented substrate sheets.

Supply liquid manufacturing

Drainage and retention tests The synthetic feedstocks used to make the test papers and grounds were prepared using the following components.

Fiber: 50/50 wt% Bleached hardwood kraft / bleached wood kra

.

Filler: 50/50 wt% Crushed calcium carbonate (Carbital 60) / Precipitated

Calcium carbonate.

Filler loading: 20 wt% based on fiber solids

Starch: 0.5% by weight (Interbond C) based on fiber solids

Size: 0.25 wt.% Hercon 70 (AKD)

The dry lap pulp is dipped in lukewarm water for 10 minutes and then diluted with 2% solids in water and purified on a laboratory scale, using a Valley separator to 590 ml of Canadian standard freeness. The starch, size and filler are added in turn to the refined pulp slurry. The pH of the pulp slurry is typically 7.5 +/- 0.3. The pulp slurry was further diluted with tap water at a concentration of about 1.0% by weight to form a dilute stock solution (paper stock).

Drainage test procedure

1. At a 1% headbox concentration, add 200 ml of the stock solution (2 g solids) into a square mixing bottle and dilute to 500 ml with tap water.

2. Mix the contents using a standard Britt bottle type propellant mixer (1 inch diameter) under the following mixing time and speed conditions to add chemicals to the secondary fan pump inlet, fan pump outlet, and pressure screen outlet Is simulated.

time Speed (rpm) additive Supply point

t ₀ 1200 Coagulant fan front

t ₁₀ 1200 front of coagulant screen

t ₂₀ 600 D / R / F After preparation screen

t ₃₀ stop

3. Transfer the contents in the mixing bottle to a 500-ml pipette with a graduated 100-mesh screen at the bottom. The tube is overturned 5 times to keep the stock solution homogeneous. The bottom plug is removed and the elution time for the 100, 200 and 300 ml elution volumes is measured. The elution time at 300 ml for the untreated undiluted blank should preferably be > 60 seconds.

4. Treatment Results The percent improvement in drainage provided was calculated as follows based on the drainage time for untreated blank samples:

Drainage improvement rate (%) =

(Untreated drainage time - treated drainage time) / (untreated drainage time) x 100

Retention rate test procedures (FPR, FPAR, FPFR)

1. Follow the Brits bottle with a 70 mesh screen while stirring 500 ml of the stock solution at 1200 rpm in a headbox concentration (1.0%).

2. Simulate the chemical addition point using the same mixing time / rate sequence used in the drainage test procedure and add the next step.

time Speed (rpm) additive Supply point

t ₀ 1200 Coagulant fan front

t ₁₀ 1200 front of coagulant screen

t ₂₀ 600 D / R / F After preparation screen

t _{30 The} bottom cock stopper is opened and 100 ml of the first eluate is collected.

a. The eluate is filtered through a No. 4 filter paper watt and dried at 105 ° C. The pad retention is measured by burning the pad at 500 ° C for 2 hours.

Manufacture and testing of aquatic plants

The weeds were prepared with a basis weight of 70 g using a Noble & Wood water softener. A 20 cm x 20 cm square weevil is made with this device. The mixing time / rate sequence used to prepare the water basin is the same as that used in the drainage test procedure. The treated feed liquor sample is poured into a mop box of a Noble & Wood watering machine and a pile of paper is prepared using standard techniques known to those skilled in the art.

The results are shown in Table 2.

From Examples 5-8 plotted in FIG. 6, it was found that the addition of Polymer A before the addition of the pressure screen and saponite and after addition of the pressure screen at a usage ranging from 3 to 9 lb / ton, It is confirmed that the loss only significantly increases the amount of undiluted solution. The first pass ash retention rate (FPAR) increases to a maximum at 3 lb per ton of saponite, and decreases with increasing usage.

In Examples 9 to 12 plotted in Fig. 7, the addition of the third component, cationic coagulant polymer B, in an amount of up to 0.1 lb of active polymer B / ton, results in a first pass ash retention ratio RTI ID = 0.0 > FPAR). ≪ / RTI > As usage increases, the FPAR continues to increase, but the drainage decreases slightly and the sheet alignment decreases sharply. In the absence of saponite, as shown in Examples 14, 17 and 23-26, the amount of drainage and the retention rate are significantly lowered.

Tables 3 and 4 show the results for Examples 27-50.

In front of fan pump Front of the screen Behind the screen Drainage Example No. Product 1 lb / tonne active water Product 2 lb / tonne active water Product 3 lb / tonne active water Sec / 300 ml Improvement rate (%) 27 - - - - - - 135 0 28 Polymer B 0.1 Polymer A 0.5 IMVITE 1016 One 58 57 29 〃 0.5 〃 〃 〃 One 65 52 30 〃 0.25 〃 〃 〃 3 49 64 31 〃 0.1 〃 〃 〃 5 42 69 32 〃 0.5 〃 〃 〃 5 47 65 33 - - Polymer C 0.3 Hydroco 12D1 3 102 24 34 - - 〃 0.3 〃 6 99 27 35 - - 〃 0.6 〃 4.5 81 40 36 - - 〃 0.8 〃 3 76 44 37 - - 〃 0.8 〃 6 67 50 38 Polymer D One Polymer E 0.4 Colloidal silica 0.8 72 47 39 〃 3 〃 〃 〃 0.8 77 43 40 〃 2 〃 〃 〃 1.3 65 52 41 〃 One 〃 〃 〃 1.8 74 45 42 〃 3 〃 〃 〃 1.8 65 52 43 Stalok 400 8 - - Colloidal silica 1.25 75 44 44 〃 〃 - - 〃 1.5 67 50 45 〃 〃 - - 〃 2.0 63 53 46 Polymer F One Polymer E 0.5 - - 97 28 47 〃 3 〃 0.5 - - 62 54 48 〃 2 〃 0.625 - - 74 45 49 〃 One 〃 0.75 - - 91 33 50 〃 3 〃 0.75 - - 59 56

Examples 27-50 in Table 3 show the results of a typical binary polymer program (Examples 46-50) and a cloyed silica microparticle program (Examples 39-42 and 43-45) and a bentonite microparticle program (Examples 33-37) The drainage performance of the present invention (Examples 28-32) is compared. (Examples 29, 37, 40, 45, and 47), the present invention (Example 29) is required to lower the total amount of use to the drainage performance of the conventional embodiment at about the same level of drainage performance . In addition, as shown in Table 4, the first pass fraction retention ratio at the comparable sheet misalignment value is much higher than the conventional one.

Example No. Total program usage (lb / ton) Drainage - Improvement (%) FPAR (%) The MK 29 2.0 52 52 20.6 37 6.8 50 49 18.2 40 3.7 52 20 22.7 45 10.0 53 43 18.8 47 3.5 54 27 21.6

Examples 51-77

Examples 51-77 of Table 5 demonstrate the effectiveness of various formulations of the present invention in improving various sheet properties, retention, and drainage, including composition, whiteness and opacity of the aqueous feedstock. This feed composition represents a conventional feed used to prepare a light weight coating grade base sheet.

Supply liquid manufacturing

Drainage and retention tests The synthetic feedstocks used to make the test papers and grounds were prepared using the following components.

Fiber: 45 wt% Bleached softwood kraft (SWK) / 55 wt%

Pulp (CTMP) manufactured by the thermal process method,

Filler: calcined clay

Filler loading: 10 wt% based on oven dried fiber weight

Alum: 0.5% by weight based on oven-dried fiber weight

CTMP was immersed in hot water for 15 to 20 minutes, then diluted to 1.56% by weight solids in water and purified to 200 ml of Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF). Craft softwood fibers (SWK) were separately dipped in water, diluted to 1.56 wt% and then purified with 550 CSF. The fibers were then mixed with the calcined filler in the proportions indicated above. The pH of the mixed feed was adjusted to 5.0 using dilute sulfuric acid and the conductivity was adjusted to 2000 μS / cm using sodium sulfate.

In front of fan pump Front of the screen Behind the screen Example No. Product 1 lb / ton Product 2 lb / ton Product 3 lb / ton Drainage improvement rate (%) FPR (%) FPAR (%) MK index Whiteness Opacity 51 Polymer H 0 Polymer A 0.125 Saponite 0 19.1 80.5 37.5 34.7 60.9 86.5 52 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 0 37.6 81.9 45.7 36.1 61.4 87.2 53 〃 0 〃 0.375 〃 0 42.2 82.4 48.5 35.2 60.8 88.5 54 〃 1.5 〃 0.125 〃 0 34.2 82.4 46.1 33.2 60.9 87 55 〃 1.5 〃 0.25 〃 0 40.6 83.2 48.5 33.8 60.8 87.5 56 〃 1.5 〃 0.375 〃 0 46.2 83.6 49.9 31.1 61 88.6 57 〃 3.0 〃 0.125 〃 0 43.9 82.8 47.8 32.2 60.9 88.1 58 〃 3.0 〃 0.25 〃 0 45.6 83.2 49.0 30.7 60.8 88.4 59 〃 3.0 〃 0.375 〃 0 52.7 83.6 52.7 31.2 61.1 88.6 60 〃 0 〃 0.125 〃 2.5 31.4 81.8 45.0 35.4 61.2 88.3 61 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 47.4 82.1 48.0 33.5 61.4 88.6 62 〃 0 〃 0.375 〃 2.5 63.4 83.3 50.4 29.8 61.3 88.4 63 〃 1.5 〃 0.125 〃 2.5 55.8 85.2 55.3 26.8 61.4 88.4 64 〃 1.5 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 62.8 86.2 59.2 29.7 60.8 88.8 65 〃 1.5 〃 0.375 〃 2.5 67.6 87.2 60.0 27.3 60.9 88.9 66 〃 3.0 〃 0.125 〃 2.5 65.1 86.0 59.3 22.1 61 89.2 67 〃 3.0 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 66.4 88.0 64.2 26.5 61 88.8 68 〃 3.0 〃 0.375 〃 2.5 69.9 88.7 66.3 23.5 60.9 88.6 69 〃 0 〃 0.125 〃 5.0 35.9 82.2 46.3 31.6 60.9 87.7 70 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 5.0 47.1 83.2 48.2 25.7 61.2 88.5 71 〃 0 〃 0.375 〃 5.0 59.5 84.6 52.9 27.2 61 89.2 72 〃 1.5 〃 0.125 〃 5.0 63 86.2 59.3 27.8 61.1 88.6 73 〃 1.5 〃 0.25 〃 5.0 65.1 87.0 62.8 30.1 61 88.9 74 〃 1.5 〃 0.375 〃 5.0 75 87.0 62.8 21.8 60.9 89.1 75 〃 3.0 〃 0.125 〃 5.0 69.9 88.1 67.1 26.6 60.9 89.3 76 〃 3.0 〃 0.25 〃 5.0 75.7 90.8 72.1 22.9 60.9 89.3 77 〃 3.0 〃 0.375 〃 5.0 78.1 90.1 71.9 19.3 60.7 89.7

Examples 78-110

Examples 78-110 in Table 6 demonstrate the effectiveness of various formulations of the present invention in improving the drainage, retention, and sheet compaction of synthetic aqueous feedstocks. This feed composition represents a conventional feed used in the manufacture of a substrate sheet for a paperboard. At roughly the same drainage performance, the present invention provides a significant improvement over the prior art in the first batch retention and sheet compaction.

Supply liquid manufacturing

Drainage and retention tests and synthetic feedstocks used to prepare aquatic plants were prepared using the following procedure.

Disassemble 360 g of old unbroken corrugated cardboard (OCC) in lukewarm water and dilute to 23 L with deionized water. Purify the pulp with 300 CSF. 18 liters of this stock solution is diluted to a concentration of 0.5 wt%, and the following chemistry is adjusted to the appropriate ionic strength (2000 μS / cm) by adding the following salt in the stated amount.

a. 5.61 g of calcium chloride

b. 0.96 g of potassium chloride

c. Alum (50% by weight) 8.17 g

d. Sodium sulfate 15.96 g

e. 0.59 g of sodium bicarbonate

f. 0.97 g of sodium silicate

The pH is adjusted to 5.0 using dilute sulfuric acid.

In front of fan pump Front of the screen Behind the screen Example No. Product 1 lb / ton Product 2 lb / ton Product 3 lb / ton Drainage improvement rate (%) FPR (%) FPAR (%) MK index 78 Polymer G 0 Polymer A 0 Saponite 0 0 80.5 42.1 20.8 79 〃 1.5 〃 0.12 〃 2.5 68 91.8 65.8 15.8 80 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 67 92 57.9 15.4 81 〃 1.5 〃 0.38 〃 0 61 91.5 62.3 17.0 82 〃 1.5 〃 0.38 〃 1.25 69 92.7 60.5 13.6 83 〃 0 〃 0.38 〃 1.25 64 89.5 56.1 15.8 84 〃 0 〃 0.12 〃 1.25 37 87.7 49.1 18.4 85 〃 0.75 〃 0.12 〃 2.5 53 90.4 55.3 17.4 86 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 53 88.7 51.8 13..7 87 〃 0 〃 0.38 〃 0 58 88.8 50.9 14.1 88 〃 1.5 〃 0.12 〃 0 53 89.6 55.3 14.7 89 〃 1.5 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 65 91 58.8 11.1 90 〃 0.75 〃 0.38 〃 0 51 90.4 59.7 16.7 91 〃 0 〃 0.12 〃 2.5 32 86.3 40.4 18.1 92 〃 0.75 〃 0.12 〃 1.25 51 89.5 54.4 15.9 93 〃 0 〃 0.12 〃 0 35 86.9 45.6 18.2 94 〃 1.5 〃 0.12 〃 1.25 60 90.4 51.8 16.6 95 〃 1.5 〃 0.25 〃 0 57 90.8 70.2 16.1 96 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 64 90.1 66.7 13.2 97 〃 1.5 〃 0.38 〃 2.5 72 93.2 75.4 15.9 98 〃 0.75 〃 0.38 〃 1.25 69 91.3 71.9 15.4 99 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 0 55 89.5 64.9 14.8 100 〃 1.5 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 71 92.4 70.2 14.2 101 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 63 89.8 62.3 14.2 102 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 60 90.2 64 17.9 103 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 51 87.9 58.8 18.2 104 〃 0.75 〃 0.12 〃 0 45 88.0 56.1 19.0 105 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 62 90.8 64.9 15.6 106 〃 0 〃 0.38 〃 2.5 62 89.3 57.9 16.4 107 〃 0.75 〃 0.38 〃 2.5 72 91.6 65.8 13.4 108 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 63 89.9 59.7 17.0 109 〃 0.75 〃 0.25 〃 1.25 62 89.4 57.0 15.5 110 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 0 49 88.1 57.9 19.1

Examples 111-118 in Table 7 compare the performance of the present invention with conventional bentonite and colloidal silica programs and 100% OCC cardboard feeds. At the same displacement, the program of the present invention is significantly improved in ash retention, total retention, and sheet misalignment (MK).

Example No. program Drainage improvement rate (%) First Pass Ash Retention Rate (%) First Pass Retention Rate (%) The MK 111 Invention 37 49.1 87.7 18.4 112 〃 63 61.1 89.9 15.2 113 〃 72 70.5 92.4 14.5 114 Bentonite 34 17.3 85.9 16.4 115 〃 64 35.8 88.2 14.1 116 〃 76 49.4 90.4 12.6 117 Colloidal silica 63 34.6 88.5 12.4 118 〃 77 54.3 91.7 13.6

Examples 119-145

Examples 119-145 of Table 8 demonstrate the effect of various formulations on the properties, drainage and retention of various sheets, including the consistency, whiteness and transparency of the synthetic aqueous feed. The composition of this feed liquid represents the typical feedstock feed used to prepare the substrate sheet for newsprint.

Supply liquid manufacturing

Drainage and retention tests and synthetic feedstocks used to make groundnut paper were prepared using the following prescription and procedures.

Fiber: 80% by weight CTMP / 10% by weight SWK / 10% by weight Recycled

newsprint

Filler: calcined clay

Filler loading: 4 wt.% Based on oven dried solids

Alum: 50 lb / ton

pH: 4.8-5.2

The CTMP is immersed in hot water (140 ℉) and then defoliated in a blender for 15-20 minutes. Recycled newsprint paper was separately dipped in hot water and then defoliated in a blender for 15 to 20 minutes. Crafted softwoods were immersed in lukewarm water for 2 hours and defoliated in a blender for 15-20 minutes.

The CTMP, recycled newsprint and kraft pulp were mixed together in the proportions indicated above and then purified to 50-75 CSF at 1.56 wt% concentration. The calcined clay filler and alum were sequentially added to the stock solution to adjust the pH to about 4.8 to 5.2. Conductivity of the undiluted solution was adjusted to 2000 μS / cm using sodium chloride.

In front of fan pump Front of the screen Behind the screen Example No. Product 1 lb / ton Product 2 lb / ton Product 3 lb / ton Drainage improvement rate (%) FPR (%) FPAR (%) MK index Whiteness Opacity 119 Polymer H 0 Polymer A 0.063 Saponite 0 32.4 73.4 32.7 20 54 98.7 120 〃 0 〃 0.156 〃 0 25 76 41.4 21.3 54.3 98.7 121 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 0 38.3 76 39.8 18.1 54.1 98.9 122 〃 0.5 〃 0.063 〃 0 32.4 73.4 32.7 20 54 98.7 123 〃 0.5 〃 0.156 〃 0 29.6 75.1 38.5 17.7 54.1 98.8 124 〃 0.5 〃 0.25 〃 0 36.7 76.2 42.1 15 54.3 99 125 〃 1.0 〃 0.063 〃 0 32.4 73.4 32.7 2 54 98.7 126 〃 1.0 〃 0.156 〃 0 - 75 36.9 6.4 54.3 98.9 127 〃 1.0 〃 0.25 〃 0 37.4 76 40.8 15 54.3 99 128 〃 0 〃 0.063 〃 1.3 - 77.9 48.2 23.1 54.2 99 129 〃 0 〃 0.156 〃 1.3 28.5 75.9 41.8 17.5 54.4 98.8 130 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 1.3 44.5 77 45.6 12.6 54.2 99.2 131 〃 0.5 〃 0.063 〃 1.3 32.6 76.3 45 17.6 54.3 98.9 132 〃 0.5 〃 0.156 〃 1.3 44.7 74.4 37.9 16.4 54.3 99 133 〃 0.5 〃 0.25 〃 1.3 54.9 73.2 33.3 13.9 54.2 99 134 〃 1.0 〃 0.063 〃 1.3 - 75.5 39.5 19 55 99 135 〃 1.0 〃 0.156 〃 1.3 51.6 76.4 43 13.1 54.2 99 136 〃 1.0 〃 0.25 〃 1.3 56.5 78.5 49.8 11.5 54.1 99.1 137 〃 0 〃 0.063 〃 2.5 22.6 73.6 34 19.4 54.1 98.6 138 〃 0 〃 0.156 〃 2.5 - 76.7 44.7 17.3 54.2 99.1 139 〃 0 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 52.7 75.6 39.5 14.3 54.2 99.2 140 〃 0.5 〃 0.063 〃 2.5 - 76.7 45.9 15.2 54.4 98.9 141 〃 0.5 〃 0.156 〃 2.5 48.8 76.5 44.3 12.8 54.3 99 142 〃 0.5 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 - 80 51.8 11.8 4.2 99 143 〃 1.0 〃 0.063 〃 2.5 51.1 72.8 31.1 11.8 54.3 99 144 〃 1.0 〃 0.156 〃 2.5 - 76 44.3 11.7 54.2 98.9 145 〃 1.0 〃 0.25 〃 2.5 62.6 79 50.2 9 54.2 99.1

Examples 146-150 in Table 9 compare the performance of the present invention with the performance of the prior art at about the same amount of drainage and maximum drainage for a typical newspaper feed. As shown in Table 9, the present invention provides significant improvements in sheet joining (MK) and sheet whiteness and very high maximum stock solution drainage at the same drain rates even at significantly lower product usage than prior art.

In front of fan pump Front of the screen Behind the screen Example No. Product 1 lb / ton Product 2 lb / ton Product 3 lb / ton Drainage improvement rate (%) FPR (%) FPAR (%) MK index Whiteness Opacity 146 Polymer H 1.0 Polymer A 0.25 Saponite 2.5 62.6 79 50.2 9 54.2 99.1 147 - - 〃 0.25 〃 1.3 28.5 75.9 41.8 17.5 54.4 98.8 148 Polymer C 1.0 - - Hydrocol 2D1 7.0 44.2 85.5 67.3 3.8 52.9 99.1 149 Polymer C 1.0 - - Hydrocol 2D1 5.0 26.7 73.9 62.5 7.3 53.2 99.0 150 Stalok 400 2.0 Polymer E 0.25 Colloidal silica 1.0 22.5 71.8 25.6 9.2 53.0 99.1

Example 151

Use of commercial machines - Lightweight coated paper

The performance of the present invention was evaluated in a commercially available paper machine for making paper containing 60 lb / 3300 ft ² light weight coated wood and compared to a typical commercial colloidal silica based program in the prior art. For this evaluation, Polymer A was fed to the inlet of the pressure screen at a rate of 0.2 lb dry polymer per tonne of dry paper, and the saponite clay was fed to the outlet of the pressure screen at a rate of 4 lb per tonne of dry paper. As shown in Table 10, the present invention significantly improved steam consumption, sheet aggregation and first pass ash retention at the same machine speed. The variables in the retention rate control and the lateral sheet moisture were significantly reduced using the present invention.

Performance parameters Invention Conventional technology Machine speed (fpm) 2100 (max) 2100 (max) Main bank Steam pressure (psi) 25 28 Sheets (lower values are better) 18 20 First Pass Retention Rate (%) 82 78 Sheet moisture CD change (lb, max: min) 0.8 1.2-1.5

The effect of the present invention was evaluated in another commercially available papermaking machine for making paper containing 40 lb / 3300 ft ² light weight coated wood and compared with a typical commercial colloidal silica based program in the prior art. For this evaluation, Polymer A was fed to the inlet of the pressure screen at a rate of 0.25 lb dry polymer per tonne of dry paper, and the saponite clay was fed to the outlet of the pressure screen at a rate of 4 lb per tonne of dry paper. As shown in Table 11, the present invention showed significant improvements in steam usage, sheet assembly, headbox ash concentration and sheet whiteness.

Performance parameters Invention Conventional technology Machine speed 3300 3300 Main bank Steam pressure (psi) 11.7 12.6 Headbox Ash (%) 13 17 Sheet ash (%) 8.6 8.65 Sheets (lower values are better) 11.3 12.0 Sheet whiteness 81.3 80.2 Sheet Opacity 77.4 77.0

Example 152

Use of commercial machines - Liner paper

The performance of the present invention was evaluated using a commercially available papermaking machine that produced two wrinkle liner paper grades. Polymer A was fed to the inlet of the pressure screen at an amount of 0.2-0.75 lb product per tonne of dry paper. The saponite was supplied to the discharge side of the pressure screen at a capacity of 3 to 7 lb per ton of dry paper. The first pass retention rate (FPR) increased from 63% to 86% and the first pass retention rate (FPAR) increased from 10% to 50%. Concentrated stock solution flow decreased to 10-17%, clear and cloudy legs except for all solids were reduced by 50%.

The above-mentioned " MK bonded " represents the sheet aggregation measured with an M / K bonded tester.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for the purpose of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications of the invention can be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (12)

A high molecular weight polymer flocculant present in an amount of from about 0.0025% to about 1.0% by weight, based on the dry weight of solids in the feed liquid, and from about 0.005% to about 2.0% by weight, based on the dry weight of the solids, A paper product furnish containing retention and drainage formulations comprising an inorganic particulate material comprising an aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral present. The paper product feed liquid of claim 1, further comprising a high charge density cationic coagulant present in an amount of from about 0.0025% to about 0.5% by weight based on the dry weight of solids in the feed liquid. The paper product feed liquid according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral is selected from the group consisting of saponite, sicconeite and vermiculite. The paper product feed liquid according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral is saponite. Adding a high molecular weight polymer flocculant to the feedstock in an amount of from about 0.0025% to about 1.0% by weight based on the dry weight of the solids in the feedstock after the first high shear stage and the second high shear stage; And adding to the feed liquid an inorganic particulate material comprising an aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral in an amount of from about 0.005% to about 2.0% by weight, based on the dry weight of the solids in the feed liquid, after the second high- ≪ / RTI > 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising adding to the feed a high charge density cationic coagulant in an amount from about 0.0025% to about 0.5% by weight based on the dry weight of solids in the feed liquid prior to the first high shear step, ≪ / RTI > 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral is selected from the group consisting of saponite, soconite, and vermiculite. The method of producing a paper product according to claim 7, wherein the aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral is saponite. A microparticulate composition suitable for use as a retention and drainage formulation in a papermaking process, comprising an inorganic microparticle comprising a high molecular weight polymer flocculant and an aluminum substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral. 10. The particulate composition of claim 9, further comprising a high charge density cationic coagulant. The particulate composition of claim 9, wherein the aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral is selected from the group consisting of saponite, sicconeite and vermiculite. 12. The particulate composition of claim 11, wherein the aluminum-substituted tri-octahedral clay mineral is saponite.