KR102135099B1 - Method and apparatus for constant output impedance, variable pre-emphasis drive - Google Patents

Abstract

The population of drivers is provided in parallel to the driver output, and the population of pre-emphasis path drivers is provided in parallel to the driver output. The population of drivers is updated, and the population of pre-emphasis path drivers is updated inversely to the population update of pre-emphasis path drivers. Optionally, the population of drivers has an initial value of n, the population of pre-emphasis path drivers has an initial value of m, and the sum of n and m is P. Optionally, the updated population of n is n', the updated population of m is m', and n'is approximately equal to P-m'.

Description

Method and device for driving constant output impedance variable pre-emphasis {METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTANT OUTPUT IMPEDANCE, VARIABLE PRE-EMPHASIS DRIVE}

[0001] The present patent application relates to line drivers, and more particularly, to pre-emphasis transmission line drivers.

[0002] In systems for communicating high bit rate signals on a transmission line, a transmission amplifier or driver may be provided with a specific frequency-based gain. For example, when depicted on a frequency versus gain graph, the gain can represent a particular shape. This is commonly referred to as "pre-emphasis". Pre-emphasis can be applied for various reasons. For example, pre-emphasis can be applied to compensate for the frequency characteristics of the transmission line, originating from the original or specific impairment. Pre-emphasis can be variable, for example, to help maintain proper eye-opening when data rates are increased. Variable pre-emphasis can be used to synthesize different channel conditions, for example, to test using different training sequences.

However, at the same time, the general purpose of the design and operation of a system for communicating high rate signals on a transmission line is the output impedance of the line driver, the impedance of the transmission line and the input impedance of the receiver(s), that is, the transmission line. It is a match between loads on the top. If there is an impedance mismatch, there is reduced efficiency in signal power transfer, and often associated distortion of the received signal.

With respect to the impedance of the transmission line and the impedance at the input of the transmission line receivers, various techniques are known for setting and controlling these values. These techniques can take advantage of the fact that the input of the transmission line and the receiver(s) can be passive elements. Thus, designs that provide acceptable stability of their respective impedances can be simple.

However, voltage mode drivers can be preferred for pre-emphasis, and setting and maintaining the target impedance of the voltage mode drivers can both be difficult.

[0006] The following summary is not an exhaustive overview of all aspects considered, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects or delineate the scope of any aspect. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

One method for pre-emphasis through line drivers according to one embodiment is to provide a population of drivers in parallel to the driver output, in parallel to the driver output Providing a population of pre-emphasis path drivers, updating the pre-emphasis by updating the population of pre-emphasis path drivers, and in inverse relation to the population update of pre-emphasis path drivers. And updating the population of drivers.

In an aspect of the methods according to an embodiment, the population of drivers can have an initial value of n, and the population of pre-emphasis path drivers can have an initial value of m, where m + n = It can be P, where P can be associated with the output impedance at the driver output.

In an aspect of the methods according to the embodiment, the updated population of n is n', the updated population of m is m', and further, N'can be almost equal to P-m'.

In one aspect of the methods according to the embodiment, the drivers and pre-emphasis path drivers may be voltage mode drivers.

In another aspect of the methods according to the embodiment, the result of updating the pre-emphasis is the updated population of pre-emphasis path drivers, and the result of updating the population of drivers is the updated population of drivers, In one further aspect, the sum of the population of drivers added to the population of pre-emphasis path drivers can be the value P, and the sum of the updated population of drivers added to the updated population of pre-emphasis path drivers is It can be kept at the value P.

[0012] In another aspect of the methods according to an embodiment, providing a population of drivers in parallel provides a plurality of selectively enabled drivers in parallel and a population among optional enable drivers. It may include the step of enabling, in a related aspect, providing a population of pre-emphasis path drivers in parallel, providing a plurality of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers in parallel and optional Enabling enabling populations among pre-emphasis path drivers. In a further related aspect, updating the population of drivers may include enabling the updated population among a plurality of optional enable drivers, and updating the population of pre-emphasis path drivers. , Enabling the updated population among a plurality of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers.

In another aspect of the methods according to example embodiments, enabling the population of optional enable drivers may include enabling one or more of the optional enable drivers. And, in a related aspect, enabling step may provide the output impedance of the P×specified impedance (R_Line) to one or more of the optional enable drivers, and in a further aspect, the optional enable pre-m Enabling the population of persistive path drivers may include enabling one or more of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers, and in another aspect, enabling the The output impedance of P × R_Line can be provided to one or more of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers.

In another aspect of the methods according to an embodiment, enabling the population of drivers may include enabling n optional enable drivers, and population of pre-emphasis path drivers. The enabling step may include enabling m optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers, and in a further aspect, m + n = P. In a related aspect, updating the population of drivers includes updating n to n'and enabling n'optional enable drivers, and updating the population of pre-emphasis path drivers. Includes updating m to m'and enabling m'pre-emphasis path drivers from m to m', in a further aspect, m'+ n'= P.

Exemplary variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line drivers according to an embodiment, each output coupled to an output node, which can be configured to receive a signal and, if enabled, to supply an output node Each output is coupled to an output node, which can be configured to receive a bank of selective enable drivers in parallel, and a pre-emphasis signal, which, if enabled, supply the output node. It may include a bank of parallel enable pre-emphasis path drivers, and may be configured to receive pre-emphasis commands, in response to m optional enable pre-emphasis paths. A pre-emphasis controller capable of enabling drivers and n optional enable drivers, and in an aspect, m and n can comply with a pre-emphasis command, where m + n = P to be.

Methods for driving pre-emphasis according to one exemplary embodiment include providing a population of drivers in parallel to the driver output, providing a population of pre-emphasis path drivers in parallel to the driver output The step of updating the pre-emphasis characteristics by updating the population of pre-emphasis path drivers and updating the population of drivers in inverse relation with the population update of pre-emphasis path drivers. Can.

An apparatus for driving a pre-emphasis according to an exemplary embodiment includes a population of drivers parallel to the driver output, a population of pre-emphasis path drivers parallel to the driver output, and a pre-emphasis path driver Means for updating the pre-emphasis characteristics by updating the population of them and means for updating the population of drivers inversely related to the population update of pre-emphasis path drivers.

[0018] In an aspect of one apparatus for driving pre-emphasis according to an exemplary embodiment, the means for updating the driver's population may be configured to maintain a sum with the value P, which sum is pre-m. It may be an updated population of drivers added to the updated population of persission path drivers, and P may be a population of drivers added to the population of pre-emphasis path drivers.

[0019] In an embodiment, the computer readable medium is a processor coupled to a bank of parallel selective enable drivers coupled to the output and a bank of parallel selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers coupled to the output. When executed by the device, the instructions include instructions that cause the processor device to perform operations that execute a method for pre-emphasis driving, and the operations provide the processor device with a population of drivers in parallel to the driver output. And enable population of pre-emphasis path drivers in parallel to the driver output, enable selection of optional enable drivers parallel to the output, and population of pre-emphasis path drivers parallel to the output. It may include instructions to enable, update the pre-emphasis by updating the population of pre-emphasis path drivers, and update the population of drivers in an inverse relationship to the population update of pre-emphasis path drivers. have.

1A shows a simplified schematic diagram of one exemplary variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver according to one exemplary embodiment, having one arbitrary exemplary pre-emphasis state.
1B is a simplified schematic diagram of one exemplary variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver of FIG. 1A, according to one exemplary embodiment, with another optional exemplary pre-emphasis state. City.
2 shows a simplified schematic diagram of one exemplary variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver according to a further exemplary embodiment.
3 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication system in which one or more embodiments of the present disclosure can be advantageously utilized.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of exemplary embodiments, and is not intended to represent the only embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. The term "exemplary" (and variations thereof) as used herein means functioning as an example, illustration or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as being “exemplary” is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, the use of the term “exemplary” is intended to illustrate exemplary applications of concepts using only simplified concrete examples.

Throughout this disclosure, various specific details are also described in order to enable those skilled in the art to easily obtain a sufficient understanding of related concepts to practice according to one or more of the various exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art upon reading this entire disclosure, aspects of the one or more embodiments and various embodiments may be practiced with or without alternatives to one or more of these specific details. You can see that there is. In other instances, certain well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the various novelties of the exemplary embodiments.

Various aspects or features will be presented in connection with systems that may include multiple devices, components, modules, and the like. It will be understood and appreciated that various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, and/or the like, and/or may not include all devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in connection with the drawings. . Combinations of these approaches can also be used.

[0027] The terms "engine", "component", "module", "system", and the like, as used herein, are hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, a functional entity that can be implemented as running software It is intended to refer to. "Component" may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. As an example, both the application and the computing device running on the computing device can be components.

[0028] The term “includes” as used in the description or claims, in a manner similar to that interpreted when “comprising” is used as a transitional word in a claim, It is intended to be inclusive for the term "comprising". The term “or” as used in the description or claims is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. Also, singular forms (“a” and “an”) as used in this disclosure generally mean “one or more than one” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise indicated or indicated in the singular form. It should be interpreted as.

1A shows a simplified schematic diagram of one variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100 according to one exemplary embodiment. The variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100 may be of any quantity, eg, 10 parallel-connected non-emphasis drivers, such as 102-0, 102-1. It may have a bank formed of examples labeled 102-9 and collectively referred to as "non-emphasis drivers 102". It will be understood that 10 is randomly selected as the number of non-emphasis drivers 102. For example, another quantity, such as 50 optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102, may have been used.

[0030] Still referring to FIG. 1A, in an embodiment, the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100, optional enable pre-emphasis drivers, such as 104-0, 104-1. It may include a bank of examples individually labeled 104-9 and collectively referred to as "selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104". In an aspect, the bank of non-emphasis drivers 102 may be supplied by a non-emphasis path input buffer 106 that receives an input signal (TX-In). In a further aspect, the bank of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 can receive a pre-emphasis path input buffer (PE-In) that can receive a pre-emphasized input signal (PE-In). 108).

[0031] In an embodiment, the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100, in this example, is any number of 0 to 10 optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 Enable non-emphasis drivers 102 can be selectively enabled, but in this example, approximately 10 to 0 selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 are simultaneously enabled -It may include an emphasis controller 110. For convenience of reference when describing example operations, the quantity of enabled non-emphasis drivers 102 will be referred to as “n”, and the optional enabled non-emphasis drivers 102 available The total quantity of will be referred to as "N". In this example, N is 10. Similarly, the quantity of selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 will be referred to as "m", and the total quantity of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 will be referred to as "M". will be.

Referring still to FIG. 1A, according to an aspect, the outputs of non-emphasis drivers 102 may be coupled to the outputs of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104, which All supply a common output node Vout. Thus, the Vout signal is a TX-In signal that is amplified by parallel operation of n enabled ones of the N optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and M selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers. It would be a combination of contributions of PE-In signals amplified by parallel operation of m enabled ones of 104. In an aspect, the circuits of optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 may be configured to operate as add-on amplifiers when arranged in parallel. In addition to this aspect, as the quantity m of the number of selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 is increased, and the quantity n of the number of enabled non-emphasis drivers 102 is decreased, the Vout signal The level of pre-emphasis of will be increased. Conversely, the level of pre-emphasis decreases as the value of m, which is the quantity of selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104, decreases, and n, which is the number of enabled non-emphasis drivers, increases. do. In an aspect, non-emphasis drivers 102 and optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 are only enabled non-emphasis drivers 102 and optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers. It will be appreciated that when the fields 104 are disabled to contribute to the total output impedance of the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100, it can be configured to provide high impedance. Those of ordinary skill in the art with respect to the present disclosure, each of which exhibits the desired enabled state output impedance and a much higher disabled state output impedance described in more detail below, without undue experimentation, from conventional driver circuit techniques. Driver circuit techniques that implement selective enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 can be easily selected. Accordingly, additional detailed descriptions of the circuits of the optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 are omitted.

With continuing reference to FIG. 1A, in one aspect, the pre-emphasis controller 110 may be configured to select m and n such that the sum of m and n becomes a given constant value P. In other words, the total number of drivers enabled m + n will always be equal to the selected constant value P. In accordance with various example embodiments, the pre-emphasis controller 110 may include m, the quantity of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 enabled and optional enable non-emphasis enabled. The quantity of drivers 102, n,

m + n = P formula (1)

m = P-n; Or formula (2)

n = P-m formula (3)

It can be configured to be selected.

In an aspect, M may be the same as N. In addition to this aspect, P may be equal to the values of M and N. Setting P to this value, according to Equations (1) to (3), from setting m to 0 and n to N to obtain maximum pre-emphasis, to obtain zero pre-emphasis Allowing a range of m and n from setting m to M and setting n to 0, thus maintaining the same output impedance. Continuing to look at an example where M is selected equal to N, in an exemplary mid-range setting, m can be selected as M/2, n can be selected as N/2, which is P gives =m + n.

Referring still to FIG. 1A, in an aspect, a desired output impedance called “R_Line” can be provided. One exemplary R_Line can be 50 ohms. This is only an example, and is not any limitation on the scope of any embodiment or any aspect of the same. For example, R_Line can be 25 ohms, 75 ohms, 100 ohms, or any value that spans or falls outside these example values. R_Line may be an application-specific line, for example, an interface protocol in which the system is satisfied. In a further aspect, each of the optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104, when enabled, causes the output impedance on the Vout node to be P×R_Line when enabled. Can be configured. As previously described in this disclosure, each of the optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104, similarly, in the disabled state, outputs on the Vout node. It can be configured to produce a much higher output impedance that does not affect the impedance. Thus, as will be appreciated, for any set of values of m and n, the total output impedance is R_effective, m optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 and n enabled non-emphasis. The combination of drivers 102, for the Vout node,

수식(4)

Formula (4)

To be.

Referring to FIG. 1A, for purposes of illustration, a given R_Line will be assumed to be 50 ohms, and P = 10 and N and M = 10, as described above. In an aspect, in order to satisfy an R_Line of 50 ohms, each optional enable pre-emphasis path driver 104, when enabled, has an output impedance of P x R_effective, that is, 10 x 50 ohms in this example. (Which is 500 ohms). Referring again to FIG. 1A, the illustrated exemplary state of N (e.g., 10) optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 is 3 enabled (these are shown as solid lines), 7 The dog is disabled (i.e. not enabled) (these are shown as dashed lines). This illustrates the example of n=3. This exemplary state will alternatively be referred to as "state 150A." Also, as shown in FIG. 1A, the illustrated exemplary state of M (e.g., 10) optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 is seven enabled and three disabled. will be. This illustrates the example of m=7. This exemplary state will alternatively be referred to as "state 152A." As described above, the solid lines represent the enabled state of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104, and the dotted lines represent the disabled, ie, not enabled state.

With continued reference to FIG. 1A, in the illustrated state 150A where three optional enable non-emphasis drivers are enabled and seven optional enable non-emphasis drivers are disabled, that is, seven optional The total number of enabled devices, i.e., with enabled state 152A with enabled pre-emphasis path drivers 104 enabled and three optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 disabled, i.e. , m + n is 10. Since the exemplary value of P is 10, the equation (1) of m + n = P is satisfied. As described above, the exemplary R_Line is 50 ohms, and therefore, each of the optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 and the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 each has an output impedance of 500 ohms. Have Thus, at state 150A and at state 152A, the total output impedance of the Vout node is maintained at 500 ohms in parallel with 10 resistors that are 50 ohms. Regarding the level of pre-emphasis at the Vout node, this is performed by three enabled non-emphasis drivers 102 with the addition operation of the seven enabled pre-emphasis path drivers 104. It will be determined by the addition operation performed.

1B shows a simplified schematic diagram of another exemplary state of the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100 of FIG. 1A, according to one example embodiment. More particularly, FIG. 1B shows ten optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 in state 150B, with all ten enabled (ie n=10) and none enabled (ie m= 0) Shows optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers 104 in state 152B. Therefore, the Vout signal will have zero pre-emphasis. However, the sum of n and m is the same value P achieved by FIG. 1A described, ie 10. Thus, the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 100, as in the pre-emphasis state shown in Fig. 1A, has 10 parallel 500 ohm resistors (i.e., the pre-M shown by Fig. 1A). It has the same effective output impedance of 50 ohms when in the 0 pre-emphasis states shown by FIG. 1B as in the persis state.

With regard to signals TX-In and PE-In, in an aspect, the input signal TX-In is a communication signal, eg, a signal, eg, a physical layer (PHY), serial/de-serializer (SERDES) ) May be a signal. The PE-In signal can be, for example, a version of the TX-In signal with a given frequency-dependent amplitude characteristic with amplified specific frequency bands and/or attenuated specific frequency bands. In a further aspect, the PE-In signal may be, for example, a training sequence generated according to conventional training sequence channel-scenario testing techniques.

[0040] With reference to the term "non-emphasis" indicated by the reference name, "optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102", the term is an implementation of optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 It will be understood that it is not intended to limit them to having a flat frequency response on the frequency band of the TX-In signal. Instead, the term “non-emphasis” in the context of “selective enable non-emphasis drivers 102” merely refers to the optional enable non-emphasis drivers 102 in later sections. It is for convenience in connection with their functions in the description of the exemplary operations.

2 shows a simplified schematic diagram of one exemplary variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 200 according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, in an aspect, the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 200 receives a TX-In signal from the non-emphasis input buffer 204 as described above. The emphasis path 202 and the pre-emphasis input buffer 208, as described above, may include a pre-emphasis path 206 that receives a PE-In signal. In an aspect, the non-emphasis path 202 is 2024-0… 2022, which supplies a bank of N variable swings, optional enable driver slices labeled 2024-N-1 (collectively referred to as "variable swing, optional enable driver slices 2024"), 2022 -0 … It may be formed of a bank of N pre-driver slices labeled 2022-N-1 (collectively referred to as "pre-driver slices 2022"). The pre-emphasis path 206 is similar, 2064-0… 2062-0, which supplies a bank of M optional enable driver slices labeled 2064-M-1 (collectively referred to as "selective enable driver slices 2064"). It may be formed of a bank of M pre-driver slices labeled 2062-M-1 (collectively referred to as "pre-driver slices 2062").

In an aspect, the variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 200 may include a pre-emphasis control 210. In an aspect, the pre-emphasis control 210 combines with n of the optional enable driver slices 2024 of the non-emphasis path 202 to selectively enable the driver of the pre-emphasis path 206. M of the slices 2064 may be selectively enabled. Optionally enabling can be done, for example, in the manner described above with reference to Figures 1A and 1B, where the ratio of m to n sets the pre-emphasis level and remains the same as P By m + n, the output impedance at Vout is kept constant.

Referring still to FIG. 2, in an aspect, portions of a circuit or circuit of the non-emphasis path 202 may be configured substantially the same as portions of a circuit or circuit of the pre-emphasis path 206. Can.

In an aspect, the exemplary variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance driver 200 can have a swing control 220. The swing control 220 may be, but not necessarily, conventional gain control, which, for example, utilizes conventional gain control techniques in the variable swing of the non-emphasis path 202, optional enable driver slices 2024. And optional enable driver slices 2064 of the pre-emphasis path 206.

3 illustrates an example wireless communication system 300 in which one or more embodiments of the present disclosure can be advantageously utilized. For purposes of illustration, FIG. 3 shows three remote units 320, 330 and 350 and two base stations 340. It will be appreciated that conventional wireless communication systems can have more remote units and base stations. The remote units 320, 330 and 350 include semiconductor devices 325, 335 and 355 belonging to embodiments of the present disclosure as further discussed below. 3 shows forward link signals 380 from base stations 340 to remote units 320, 330 and 350 and reverse link signals from remote units 320, 330 and 350 to base stations 340 ( 390).

In FIG. 3, in a wireless local loop system, remote unit 320 is shown as a mobile phone, remote unit 330 is shown as a portable computer, and remote unit 350 is shown as a fixed-position remote unit. . For example, the remote unit may be a mobile phone, handheld personal communication systems (PCS) unit, portable data units, such as personal data assistants, navigation devices (such as GPS enabled devices), set top box, music player, video It can be one or more of a player, entertainment unit, fixed location data unit, such as a meter reading equipment or any other device that stores or retrieves data or computer instructions or any combination thereof. 3 illustrates remote units according to the teachings of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited to these exemplary illustrated units. Embodiments of the present disclosure can be suitably used in any device that includes at least one semiconductor die having an active integrated circuit, including memory and on-chip circuitry, for testing and characterization.

In view of the example systems shown and described above, methods that can be implemented in accordance with the disclosed subject matter will be better recognized with reference to various flowcharts. For purposes of simplicity of description, although the methods are shown and described as a series of blocks, the claimed subject matter is because some blocks may occur in different orders and/or occur substantially simultaneously with other blocks. It will be understood and appreciated that it is not limited by the number or order of blocks. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods described herein. It will be appreciated that the functionality associated with the blocks can be implemented in software, hardware, combinations thereof, or any other suitable means (eg, device, system, process or component). Additionally, it should be further appreciated that the methods disclosed throughout this specification can be stored on an article of manufacture to enable transmission and delivery of these methods to various devices. Those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a method may alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, as in a state diagram. Additionally, the various methods disclosed herein can include using a processor to execute computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium to implement the methods.

It will be appreciated that the data storage (eg, memories) components described herein can be implemented using, or include, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or both. The non-volatile memory can be implemented with, or can include any non-volatile memory technology that can meet the performance requirements associated with the particular memory function being implemented (which is readily identifiable by those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure. Examples, but are not limited examples, and may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EPMROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be implemented with or include any volatile memory technology that can meet the performance requirements associated with the particular memory function being implemented (which can be readily identified by those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure). ), but not limited to examples, synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM) and DRRAM (direct Rambus RAM). Memory of various aspects is intended to include, but is not limited to, this memory and any other suitable types of memory.

It will be understood that aspects described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, functions can be stored as or transmitted over one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, these computer readable media can be RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures. It may include a general purpose or special purpose computer that can be used for delivery or storage, or any other medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, the software uses a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) for websites, servers, or other remotes. When transmitted from a source, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies (such as infrared, radio and microwave) are included within the definition of the medium. Discs (disks and discs) as used herein include compact discs (CDs), laser discs (disc), optical discs (disc), digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy discs (disk), and Blu-ray discs (disc). ), where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while disks optically reproduce data using lasers. Also, combinations of the above should be included within the scope of computer readable media.

[0051] Various example logics, logic blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein are general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and fields (FPGAs) programmable gate array), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, eg, a DSP and microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. . Additionally, the at least one processor can include one or more modules operable to perform one or more of the steps and/or operations described herein.

In software implementation, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (eg, procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes are stored in memory units and can be executed by processors. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case the memory unit can be communicatively coupled to the processor through various means as is known in the art. Additionally, the at least one processor can include one or more modules operable to perform the functions described herein.

Various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques. The term “manufactured article” as used herein is intended to include a computer program accessible from any computer readable device, carrier or media. For example, computer-readable media include magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical disks (eg, compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)) Etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (eg, EPROM, card, stick, key drive, etc.), but are not limited to these. Additionally, the various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and/or transmitting command(s) and/or data. Additionally, a computer program product may include a computer readable medium having one or more instructions or codes operable to cause a computer to perform the functions described herein.

Additionally, steps and/or operations of a method or algorithm described in connection with aspects disclosed herein may be implemented in direct hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software module resides in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium known in the art. can do. An exemplary storage medium can be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. Additionally, in some aspects, the processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Additionally, the ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can reside as separate components within the user terminal. Additionally, in some aspects, steps and/or operations of a method or algorithm may be included in a computer program product and/or a set of codes and/or instructions on a computer readable medium and/or instructions. It can reside as a bond.

The above disclosure discusses exemplary aspects and/or embodiments, but various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the described aspects and/or embodiments as defined by the appended claims. It should be noted that this can be done herein. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, although elements of the described aspects and/or embodiments may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is taken into account unless the limitations are explicitly stated in the singular. Additionally, all or a portion of any aspect and/or embodiment can be used in all or a portion of any other aspect and/or embodiment, unless otherwise specified.

Claims (22)

As a method for driving a pre-emphasis,
By driving the driver output with a population of n drivers parallel to the driver output and a number of simultaneous m pre-emphasis path drivers parallel to the driver output, to a given pre-emphasis at a given output impedance. Thus driving the driver output-the sum of n and m is P, the ratio of n to m is based on the given pre-emphasis, and each of the m pre-emphasis path drivers is the given output An output impedance of P times the impedance, and each of the n drivers has an output impedance of P times the given output impedance; And
driving the driver output according to the updated pre-emphasis, at the given output impedance, by updating the population of the pre-emphasis path drivers from m to m'and the population of the drivers from n to n' Including,
The updating is performed by updating n to n'and m in m to m'so that the sum of n'and m'remains P, and the ratio of n'to m'is Based on the updated pre-emphasis,
Method for driving pre-emphasis. According to claim 1,
The drivers and the pre-emphasis path drivers are voltage mode drivers,
Method for driving pre-emphasis. According to claim 1,
Driving the driver output with the population of n drivers and simultaneous population of m pre-emphasis path drivers parallel to the driver output,
providing a plurality of selectively enabled drivers greater than or equal to n in parallel and a plurality of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers greater than or equal to m in parallel; And
And enabling m of the selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers and n of the selective enable drivers,
At the given output impedance, driving the driver output according to the updated pre-emphasis,
Updating the enable of the drivers by enabling n'of the plurality of optional enable drivers, and
Updating the enablement of the population of the pre-emphasis path drivers by enabling m'of the plurality of optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers,
Method for driving pre-emphasis. Variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line driver,
A bank of parallel selective enable drivers in which respective outputs are coupled to the output node, configured to receive a signal and, if enabled, to feed an output node;
A bank of parallel selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers, each output coupled to the output node, configured to receive a pre-emphasis signal and, if enabled, to supply to the output node Optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers are configured to have the same output impedance as P x R_Line when enabled and greater than P x R_Line if not enabled -; And
A pre-emphasis configured to receive a pre-emphasis command, and in response, to configure m of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers and n of the optional enable drivers. Including a controller,
m and n follow the pre-emphasis command, and m + n = P so that the output impedance at the output node is R_Line,
The pre-emphasis controller receives an updated pre-emphasis command, and based on the updated pre-emphasis command, updates m to m'and n to n', and in response, the optional Configured to enable m'of the enable pre-emphasis path drivers and n'of the optional enable drivers,
m'and n'set an updated pre-emphasis, and m'+ n'= P so that the output impedance in the updated pre-emphasis is maintained at R_Line,
Variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line driver. The method of claim 4,
The optional enable drivers and the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers are voltage mode drivers,
Variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line driver. The method of claim 4,
The variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line driver is integrated into at least one semiconductor die,
Variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line driver. The method of claim 4,
And a device selected from the group consisting of a set-top box, a music player, a video player, an entertainment unit, a navigation device, a communication device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a fixed location data unit, and a computer, wherein the variable free is provided to the device. -The emphasis constant output impedance line driver is integrated,
Variable pre-emphasis constant output impedance line driver. As a method for driving the pre-emphasis,
Driving a driver output according to a given pre-emphasis at a given output impedance, the driving step being a population of n drivers parallel to the driver output and simultaneous m pre-emphasis paths parallel to the driver output Driving the driver output with a population of drivers, the sum of n and m being P, the ratio of n to m based on the given pre-emphasis, and the m pre-emphasis path drivers Each has an output impedance P times the given output impedance, and each of the n drivers has an output impedance P times the given output impedance; And
driving the driver output according to the updated pre-emphasis at the given output impedance, by updating the population of the pre-emphasis path drivers from m to m'and from n to n'. Including,
The updating is performed by updating m to m'inversely to the update of n to n'so that the sum of n'and m'remains P, and the ratio of n'to m'is the updated pre-m Based on Persis,
Method for driving pre-emphasis. As a device for pre-emphasis,
A population of optional enable drivers parallel to the driver output, each of the optional enable drivers configured to have, when enabled, an output impedance of P times the given output impedance;
Population of selective enable pre-emphasis path drivers parallel to the driver output, each of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers, when enabled, is configured to have an output impedance of P times the given output impedance. ―;
For driving the driver output according to a given pre-emphasis at the given output impedance by driving the driver output to n of the optional enable drivers simultaneously with m of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers. Means—the sum of n and m is P, and the ratio of n to m is based on the pre-emphasis given above; And
to update the population of the pre-emphasis path drivers from m to m'and the population of the drivers from n to n', to drive the driver output according to the updated pre-emphasis at the given output impedance. Means,
The updating is performed by updating m to m'inversely to the update of n to n'so that the sum of n'and m'remains P, and the ratio of n'to m'is the updated pre-m Based on Persis,
Device for pre-emphasis. The method of claim 9,
The device is integrated into at least one semiconductor die,
Device for pre-emphasis. The method of claim 9,
Further comprising a device selected from the group consisting of a set-top box, music player, video player, entertainment unit, navigation device, communication device, personal digital assistant (PDA), fixed location data unit, and computer, wherein the device includes Incorporated,
Device for pre-emphasis. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions, comprising:
When the instructions are executed by a processor device coupled to a bank of parallel optional enable drivers coupled to the driver output and a bank of parallel optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers coupled to the driver output, Causing the processor device to perform operations to perform a method for pre-emphasis, each driver having an output impedance of P times the given output impedance when enabled, and each pre-emphasis path driver When enabled, has an output impedance P times the given output impedance,
The instructions cause the processor device to:
Outputting the given output impedance by enabling n of the optional enable drivers parallel to the driver output and simultaneously m of the optional enable pre-emphasis path drivers parallel to the driver output Drive the driver output according to the pre-emphasis given in-the sum of n and m is P, and the ratio of n to m is based on the given pre-emphasis -; And
driving the driver output according to the updated pre-emphasis at the given output impedance by updating the population of the pre-emphasis path drivers from m to m'and updating the population of the drivers from n to n' Contains commands that
The updating is performed by updating m to m'inversely to the update of n to n'so that the sum of n'and m'remains P, and the ratio of n'to m'is the updated pre-m Based on Persis,
A computer readable non-transitory storage medium. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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