KR101584734B1 - Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101584734B1 KR101584734B1 KR1020150127166A KR20150127166A KR101584734B1 KR 101584734 B1 KR101584734 B1 KR 101584734B1 KR 1020150127166 A KR1020150127166 A KR 1020150127166A KR 20150127166 A KR20150127166 A KR 20150127166A KR 101584734 B1 KR101584734 B1 KR 101584734B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- transparent
- light emitting
- anode
- electrode
- electrodes
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
Abstract
According to the present invention, first and second transparent plates are adhered to each other through a transparent resin while being spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. A plurality of light emitting elements fixed to any one of the first and second transparent plates and controlled to emit light; A transparent electrode electrically connected to the electrodes of the light emitting devices in a state of being applied to one of the first and second transparent plates so that the light emitting device is controlled to emit light; And a conductive tape attached to a connection end of the transparent electrode in a state of being positioned at a side end portion of the first and second transparent plates so that each operation power is supplied to the light emitting element, The third anode electrode and the cathode electrode are formed at different positions, and the transparent electrode includes a first anode electrode wiring pattern in which wirings are connected to the first anode electrodes, a wiring pattern connected to each of the second anode electrodes, A second anode electrode, a second anode electrode, a second anode electrode, a third anode electrode, a third anode electrode, and a cathode electrode interconnection pattern connected in common to the cathode electrodes, There is provided a transparent electro-optical panel connected to a conductive line of a metal constituted by virtual or real split lines partitioning an area into a plurality of areas.
Description
The present invention relates to a transparent electric display panel and a manufacturing method thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a transparent electric display panel and a method of manufacturing the same, A conductive line made of a metal material is formed in the line so that the difference in distance between the light emitting device having the closest distance from the conductive line and the light emitting device having the greatest distance can be minimized to enable uniform light output of each light emitting device To a transparent electric sign board and a manufacturing method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art [0002] In general, a transparent electric display panel is provided with a plurality of light emitting elements attached to a transparent electrode for giving an aesthetic sense, and displays characters or graphics on a transparent electrode by controlling the controller, A light emitting device having a total of two to four electrodes is applied.
The conventional transparent electroluminescent panel includes a pair of transparent plates which are bonded to each other by a transparent resin that is spaced apart from each other and filled therebetween, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 10-1188747 and the like, and one of the pair of transparent plates A transparent electrode formed on one of the pair of transparent plates to be electrically connected to the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the light emitting device and a transparent electrode formed on one side of the transparent plate, And at least one anode connection electrode connected to the at least one anode electrode, and at least one anode connection electrode connected to the at least one anode electrode, And a single cathode connection electrode connected in common to the cathode electrodes respectively formed in the elements.
Accordingly, since the transparent electrodes connected to the cathode electrodes of the plurality of light emitting devices are formed in common, the wiring design of the plurality of transparent electrodes connected to the plurality of light emitting devices is very easy and the process can be shortened The productivity can be improved.
However, in the conventional transparent electroluminescent panel, after a conductive material is applied to the entire surface of one of the pair of transparent plates, the plurality of anode electrode lines are divided and partitioned so as to have a corresponding pattern, .
At this time, in the case of a connection end where the plurality of anode electrode wirings are connected to the conductive tape, a pattern is arranged in a line on the left or right side, the upper side or the lower side of the transparent plate so as to facilitate connection work of the conductive tape, The connection terminal connected to the cathode electrode wiring commonly connected to the cathode electrode is also disposed on the left side, the right side, the upper side or the lower side of the transparent plate.
That is, in the conventional transparent electro-optical panel, the transparent electrodes are applied so as to correspond to the entire area of the transparent plate, and then the independent light-emitting elements are electrically isolated from each other.
Here, in the case of the cathode electrode wiring that is a transparent electrode connected to the cathode electrode, since the connection terminal is disposed on one side or both sides of the transparent plate and is wired to each of the cathode electrodes of the light emitting devices uniformly distributed on the transparent plate, There is a problem that uniform light output is impossible due to increase in sheet resistance.
That is, as compared with the anode electrode wiring connected to the connection end located at one side or both sides of the transparent plate during the wiring of the transparent electrode, the wiring of the cathode electrode corresponding to the reverse region of the remaining region of the conductive material patterned with the anode electrode wiring A low voltage is supplied to the cathode electrode of the light emitting devices located at a distance from the connection end when the operation power is supplied through the connection end located at one side or both sides due to its own sheet resistance, The amount of light is relatively reduced as compared with the case where the light output is relatively large.
In addition, since the light emitted from the light emitting device diffuses to the outside through the transparent plate and is emitted, the transparent plate is mainly made of glass or synthetic resin having a transparent color. Therefore, There is a problem that the amount of light emitted through the entire surface of the transparent plate is not uniform and light uniformity is lowered.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same, in which a metal conductive line is formed in a virtual or real split line that divides an area of a cathode electrode line connected to a cathode electrode which is a common electrode of a plurality of light emitting devices arranged in a transparent plate The present invention provides a transparent electric display panel capable of minimizing a distance difference between a light emitting element having a closest distance from a conductive line and a light emitting element having a farthest distance, thereby achieving uniform light output of each light emitting element, and a manufacturing method thereof.
Meanwhile, the object of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned objects, and other objects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.
According to the present invention, first and second transparent plates are adhered to each other through a transparent resin while being spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. A plurality of light emitting elements fixed to any one of the first and second transparent plates and controlled to emit light; A transparent electrode electrically connected to the electrodes of the light emitting devices in a state of being applied to one of the first and second transparent plates so that the light emitting device is controlled to emit light; And a conductive tape attached to a connection end of the transparent electrode in a state of being positioned at a side end portion of the first and second transparent plates so that each operation power is supplied to the light emitting element, The third anode electrode and the cathode electrode are formed at different positions, and the transparent electrode includes a first anode electrode wiring pattern in which wirings are connected to the first anode electrodes, a wiring pattern connected to each of the second anode electrodes, A second anode electrode, a second anode electrode, a second anode electrode, a third anode electrode, a third anode electrode, and a cathode electrode interconnection pattern connected in common to the cathode electrodes, There is provided a transparent electro-optical panel connected to a conductive line of a metal constituted by virtual or real split lines partitioning an area into a plurality of areas.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, comprising: forming a transparent electrode by applying a conductive material to one of transparent plates of a first and a second transparent plate; A first anode electrode line connected to the first anode electrodes of the light emitting device, a second anode electrode line connected to the second anode electrodes of the light emitting device, and a second anode electrode line connected to the third anode electrodes of the light emitting device, A third anode electrode line connected to the common electrode line and a cathode electrode line commonly connected to the common cathode electrodes of the light emitting diode; A plurality of light emitting devices are bonded to the transparent plate so that a first anode electrode line is connected to the first anode electrodes, a second anode electrode line is connected to each of the second anode electrodes, a third anode electrode line is connected to the third anode electrodes, The anode electrode lines are connected and the cathode electrode lines are respectively connected to the cathode electrodes; Attaching each conductive tape to a connection end of the first anode electrode wiring to the third anode electrode wiring; A conductive line is formed on a virtual or actual split line of a transparent plate that divides the entire surface of the transparent electrode into a plurality of transparent electrodes and is electrically connected to the cathode electrode wiring and the conductive tape is attached to one end of the conductive line; A transparent resin is coated on one of the first and second transparent plates, and the other transparent plate is placed on the transparent resin so that the transparent resin is adhered and cured.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a metal conductive line is formed in a virtual or real split line that divides the area of the cathode electrode line connected to the cathode electrode, which is a common electrode of a plurality of light emitting devices arranged in the transparent plate, It is possible to minimize the difference in distance between the light emitting device having the closest distance and the light emitting device having the longest distance from the conductive line as a starting point, thereby enabling uniform light output of each light emitting device.
On the other hand, the effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a transparent display board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the transparent electric display panel of FIG. 1; FIG.
3 is a side cross-sectional view showing the transparent electric display board of FIG. 1; And
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a pattern of electrode wirings in the transparent electro-optical panel of Fig. 1. Fig.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 is an exploded perspective view showing a transparent electric display board of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a transparent electric display board of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a cross- 1 shows a pattern of electrode wirings in a transparent electric billboard.
1 to 4, a transparent electronic display panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes first and second
The transparent electroluminescent display panel of the present invention is formed on the outer surfaces of the first and second
The first and second
The plurality of
Here, it is preferable that the first to
The
The
The
Here, since the transparent electrode is coated on the transparent plate and then connected to each light emitting device, as described in Patent Document 10-1188747 and related art thereof, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
That is, after the conductive material is applied to the second
At this time, since the
That is, when the conductive material is applied to form the
Accordingly, the present invention is characterized in that the
Here, the split line D has a groove structure physically formed in any one of the first and second
That is, when the conductive line W is electrically connected to the
At this time, it is preferable that the width of the divided line D corresponds to the width (1 to 1 mm) of the conductive line W and the depth corresponds to 1/3 to 1/2 of the width of the conductive line W If the width of the divided line D is less than the above range, the forming operation becomes very inconvenient due to the tolerance, and when the conductive line W can not be accommodated and exceeded, it is easily exposed and identified by the naked eye, When the depth of the dividing line D is less than the above range, only a part of the conductive line W is accommodated and the conductive line W is formed in a serpentine manner during the bonding operation, It is necessary to use a conductive adhesive or a conductive tape for the electrical contact work with the
Here, the width and depth (or thickness) of the split line D are obtained by statistically processing the results measured through repeated experiments based on various conditions. After the transparent plate is manufactured, So that it is not easily visually recognized when viewed from the outside, and it is possible to prevent deterioration of aesthetic sense.
Therefore, according to the conductive line W, since the conductive line W is electrically connected to the
That is, the conductive line W is in line contact with the
The diffusion layer (not shown) is formed on the outer surfaces of the first and second
Here, the bubbles may be formed by extrusion or injection in the production of a light transmissive panel or a transparent plate, or may be formed by foam molding such as foam extrusion or foaming injection.
At this time, the number and size (diameter) of bubbles per unit volume formed in the light-transmissive panel or the transparent plate should be appropriately determined in consideration of diffusibility and permeability. If the number of bubbles per unit volume is too large, The light transmittance may be lowered. On the contrary, when the number of bubbles per unit volume is too small, the degree of light scattering is low and diffusion may not be achieved properly.
If the size of the bubbles is too small, the light diffusivity may be good, but the light transmittance is remarkably low and the luminance characteristic is lowered as a whole. Therefore, the size of the bubbles is preferably 60 Mu m to 700 mu m.
When the size of the bubble is 700 mu m or more, the light transmittance is improved but the diffusibility of the light is decreased. On the other hand, when the size of the bubble is less than 60 mu m, the light diffusivity is improved, .
If the size of the bubbles is more than 60 탆, it is difficult for a general person to observe them with the naked eye without the aid of a device such as a microscope. If the size of the bubbles is smaller than this, it is difficult to visually check the bubbles. Is not more than 60 탆 and the bubble content is not less than 5%, the entire diffuser plate has a color close to gray rather than white, which can be used for high-precision diffusion applications such as a light guide plate of a liquid crystal display device, . That is, if the transparent plate becomes gray, the color reproducibility is lowered, which is not suitable for application to a light transmitting member or the like.
When the size of the bubble is within the range of 60 탆 to 700 탆, the bubble content of about 4% to 20% can have excellent brightness characteristics and light transmittance. Here, when the bubble size is in the range of 60 to 700 占 퐉, but the bubble content is 4% or less, the light diffusing property is low, which is not suitable for the light transmitting member.
Therefore, in order to apply the diffusion layer (not shown) as the light transmitting member, it is preferable that the size of the bubble is 5% or more in the range of 60 to 700 mu m.
In addition, the diffusion layer (not shown) may be manufactured in a large size because the weight is reduced due to the bubbles and the production cost is low. In addition, it is preferable that the bubbles have different sizes from those arranged at the front and those arranged at the rear. For example, the bubbles arranged at the rear of the diffusion layer (not shown) are arranged at the front of the diffusion layer It is preferable that the size is smaller.
In this case, when light is supplied from the
That is, when the average size of the bubbles arranged in front of the light-transmissive panel or the transparent plate and the bubbles arranged in the rear are different, the transmittance is further improved without lowering the diffusibility.
Here, the size and content of the bubbles and the arrangement size of the bubbles are numerical values obtained by statistically processing the results measured through repeated experiments based on various conditions.
Therefore, according to the diffusion layer (not shown), light generated from the plurality of light emitting
Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a transparent electric signboard having the above-described structure will be described.
A method of manufacturing a transparent electric display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of forming a transparent electrode 140 by applying a conductive material to a transparent plate of either one of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120, A first anode electrode wiring 141 connected to the first anode electrodes 131 of the light emitting device 130 and a second anode electrode wiring 132 connected to the second anode electrodes 132 of the light emitting device 130, The third anode electrode wiring 143 connected to the third anode electrode 133 of the light emitting device 130 and the common cathode electrode 134 of the light emitting device 130 are connected to the second anode electrode wiring 142, A plurality of light emitting devices 130 are bonded to the transparent plate so that the first anode electrode wires 141 are connected to the first anode electrodes 131, A second anode electrode wiring 142 is connected to the second anode electrodes 132 and a third anode electrode wiring 142 is connected to the third anode electrodes 133, The wiring 143 is connected and the cathode electrode wiring 144 is connected to the cathode electrodes 134 and the connection step of the first anode electrode wiring 141 to the third anode wiring 143 And a conductive line W is formed on the imaginary or actual split line D of the transparent plate dividing the entire surface of the transparent electrode 140 into a plurality of conductive lines W, (Not shown) of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120, and a step of attaching the conductive tape 150 to one end of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120, After the transparent resin 160 is applied, another transparent plate is placed on the transparent resin 160 to be adhered and cured.
Here, it is preferable that the divided line D constituting the conductive line W is sealed so as to be electrically connected to the
When the transparent plate is a glass plate, it is formed of a transparent light-transmissive panel having a thickness of about 5 mm such as PC, PMMA, acrylic, epoxy, PET, or melamine resin, and is formed into a predetermined size (Not shown), which are formed on the outer surfaces of the first and second
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a virtual or real split line (hereinafter referred to as a " split line ") that divides an area of a
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not to be determined by the embodiments described, but should be determined by equivalents of the claims and the claims.
Claims (9)
A plurality of light emitting devices (130) fixed to any one of the first and second transparent plates (110, 120) and controlled to emit light;
A transparent electrode 140 electrically connected to the electrodes of each of the light emitting devices 130 in a state of being applied to one of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120 so that the light emitting device 130 is controlled to emit light; And
(Not shown) of the transparent electrode 140 in a state of being positioned at the side end portions of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120 so that the respective operation power is supplied to the light emitting device 130 150,
The plurality of light emitting devices 130 may be configured such that the first to third anode electrodes 131, 132 and 133 and the cathode electrode 134 are formed at different positions and the transparent electrode 140 is connected to the first anode electrodes 131 The first anode electrode wiring 141 having the wiring pattern formed thereon, the second anode electrode wiring 142 patterned with the wirings connected to the second anode electrodes 132, and the third anode electrodes 133 And a cathode electrode wiring 144 patterned with electrode wirings connected in common to the third anode electrode wiring 143 and the cathode electrodes 134 in which wiring lines are patterned,
Wherein the cathode electrode wiring (144) is connected to a conductive line (W) made of a metal formed in a divided line (D) dividing the area of the transparent electrode (140) into a plurality of areas.
Light emitted from the light emitting devices 130 formed on the inner surfaces of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120 or on the outer surfaces of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120 is transmitted through the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120 And a diffusion layer (not shown) for uniformly transmitting light to the outside.
The first and second transparent plates 110 and 120 have a groove structure physically formed on one of the plurality of light emitting devices 130,
Is electrically connected to the cathode electrode wiring (144) while being partially or openly bonded or sealed after the conductive wire (W) is seated in the inner space.
The first anode electrode wiring 141 connected to the first anode electrodes 131 of the light emitting element 130 and the second anode electrodes 132 of the light emitting element 130 are connected to the transparent electrode 140, A third anode electrode wiring 143 connected to the third anode electrodes 133 of the light emitting device 130 and a common cathode electrode 134 of the light emitting device 130 are connected to the second anode electrode wiring 142, A cathode electrode wiring 144 connected in common to the plurality of pixel electrodes;
A plurality of light emitting devices 130 are bonded to the transparent plate so that the first anode electrode lines 141 are connected to the first anode electrodes 131 and the second anode electrode lines 141 are connected to the second anode electrodes 132, A third anode electrode wiring line 143 is connected to the third anode electrodes 133 and a cathode electrode wiring line 144 is connected to the cathode electrodes 134, respectively;
Attaching each conductive tape 150 to a connection end (not shown) of the first anode electrode wiring 141 to the third anode electrode wiring 143;
A conductive line W is formed in a split line D of a transparent plate that divides the entire surface of the transparent electrode 140 into a plurality of portions and is electrically connected to the cathode electrode wiring 144, Attaching the conductive tape (150);
A transparent resin 160 is coated on one of the first and second transparent plates 110 and 120, and another transparent plate is placed on the transparent resin 160 to be adhered and cured. Way.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150127166A KR101584734B1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150127166A KR101584734B1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR101584734B1 true KR101584734B1 (en) | 2016-01-13 |
Family
ID=55172865
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020150127166A KR101584734B1 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR101584734B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200079124A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-02 | 주식회사 제이마이크로 | Transparent led signage |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101188748B1 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-09 | 지스마트 주식회사 | Transparent display board and manucfacturing method |
KR101188747B1 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-10 | 지스마트 주식회사 | Transparent display board and manucfacturing method |
KR101478651B1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-01-05 | 지스마트 주식회사 | Apparatus for injecting resin in transparent display board and transparent display board manufacturing method using the apparatus |
-
2015
- 2015-09-08 KR KR1020150127166A patent/KR101584734B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101188748B1 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-09 | 지스마트 주식회사 | Transparent display board and manucfacturing method |
KR101188747B1 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-10 | 지스마트 주식회사 | Transparent display board and manucfacturing method |
KR101478651B1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-01-05 | 지스마트 주식회사 | Apparatus for injecting resin in transparent display board and transparent display board manufacturing method using the apparatus |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20200079124A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-02 | 주식회사 제이마이크로 | Transparent led signage |
KR102255569B1 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-05-27 | 주식회사 제이마이크로 | Transparent led signage |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101618861B1 (en) | Transparent display board fixing apparatus | |
US20190139945A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for light diffusion | |
US9164223B2 (en) | Light guides | |
US9625641B2 (en) | Light guides | |
US8933871B2 (en) | Backlight unit and display device | |
RU2680257C1 (en) | Led module, led panel and led screen | |
US10018768B2 (en) | Light guide plate assembly, side-type backlight source module and display device | |
TWI515496B (en) | Liquid crystal display and display apparatus set having the same | |
US10302856B2 (en) | Light-emitting unit, backlight module and display device | |
WO2018223988A1 (en) | Optical module and reflective display device having same | |
GB2468875A (en) | Light guide comprising rows and/or columns of LED's | |
KR20110022507A (en) | Optical assembly, backlight unit and display apparatus thereof | |
KR101584734B1 (en) | Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof | |
KR101584739B1 (en) | Transparent display board and manufacturing method thereof | |
GB2475738A (en) | Light guide with heat sink | |
GB2475510A (en) | Light guides | |
JP2014502029A (en) | Lighting system and manufacturing method | |
GB2475511A (en) | Light guide with heat sink | |
CN106125404A (en) | A kind of backlight module and display device | |
JP2016213365A (en) | Light emitting device, display device, and manufacturing method of light emitting device | |
KR100847598B1 (en) | Backlight unit and method for manufacturing the unit | |
KR101593415B1 (en) | Light source module for display device and display device having the same | |
KR102444400B1 (en) | Double-sided Display Device and Backlight Unit therefor | |
WO2012059855A1 (en) | Light emitting sheet | |
CN109143680A (en) | A kind of backlight module and display device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20190108 Year of fee payment: 4 |