KR101339162B1 - Method of preventing or treating the swine influenza virus infection - Google Patents

Abstract

Novel swine influenza virus, A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) and the use of the swine influenza virus are provided.

Description

Method of preventing or treating the swine influenza virus infection

The present invention relates to swine influenza virus A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) and its use.

The human influenza A H1N1 virus, including the swine-derived genome, also known as the "pandemic H1N1", has been outbreaks worldwide since April 2009. There is genetic evidence for the swine origin of pandemic H1N1, but no epidemiological evidence has been reported. Pandemic H1N1 infected swine populations were reported in Canada on April 28 in Alberta, May in Manitoba, and 2009. On May 2, 2009, the first Korean case of pandemic H1N1 was officially confirmed from a person arriving from Mexico City on April 26, 2009. Pandemic H1N1 appeared on pig farms and the virus was isolated from pigs in 2009. From the emergence of pandemic H1N1, there have been several experimental infection studies in pigs using pandemic H1N1 human isolates. These experiments showed that the negative symptoms were similar to those of the pigs infected with the classical swine flu virus.

In the present invention, a novel influenza virus H1N1, which is not known in the prior art, is isolated from a Korean pig farm to identify its genetic identity, confirming that the pathogenicity of the isolate can be reproduced in SPF pigs, and completing the present invention. It came to the following.

An embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel swine influenza virus.

Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composition for preventing or treating swine influenza virus infection.

Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kit for detecting influenza virus in a sample.

Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a composition for preventing or treating swine influenza virus infection.

Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for diagnosing swine influenza virus infection.

One embodiment of the present invention provides swine influenza virus A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) of Accession No. KCTC 11848BP. The virus is isolated from Korean pigs and its pathogenicity can be reproduced in SPF pigs. Thus, the virus can be produced and attenuated using SPF pigs. The virus was at least 99% similar in partial and complete gene sequence to the A / California / 04/2009 strain for some genes.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of preparing a composition for preventing or treating swine influenza virus infection, comprising attenuating or inactivating the virus.

The attenuation may be performed by a method known in the art. The attenuated influenza virus may be attenuated by chemical treatment, for example, formalin treatment, or attenuated by ultraviolet irradiation or passage. In the present invention, "attenuation" refers to a toxicity that is not fatal enough to induce an immune response in pigs but can be used as a vaccine in pigs. In this specification, attenuation is used interchangeably with "inactivation". The attenuation includes not only the virus's ability to proliferate but also its complete loss. The attenuated virus includes a surveillance unit of the virus. The "subunit" refers to a part of the virus, not the entire virus. Such subunits include proteins, for example individual proteins such as HA or NA, as well as complexes thereof. The complex may be, for example, obtained by grinding and obtaining only an envelope by treating ether with a virus particle.

Attenuated viruses include, for example, (a) injecting the swine influenza virus into an MDCK cell line to propagate; (b) treating with formalin, betapropiolactone (BPL) or binary ethylenimine (BEI) obtained from the cells; And (c) obtaining an inactivated virus from the treated mixture. The virus obtained can be adsorbed onto alumina hydroxide gel.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a composition for preventing or treating influenza virus infection, which comprises the attenuated or inactivated influenza virus.

The composition may comprise a veterinary acceptable carrier known in the art. The carrier may be selected from the group consisting of a solvent, an adjuvant, and an excipient. The solvent may be a buffer such as saline, distilled water or PBS. The adjuvant may be selected from the group consisting of Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide gel and oil. The excipient may be aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide or aluminum potassium sulfate (alum).

The composition may be one containing influenza virus as 2 ⁶ HAU (hemagglutination unit).

The composition may be prepared in oral or parenteral preparation. Examples of parenteral preparations include injection solutions. The composition may be one having a formulation that can be administered by intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, nasal or epidural route.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method of preventing or treating said influenza virus infection in a pig comprising administering said composition to a pig.

The pig may be a pig infected with or suspected of having an influenza virus. The pig may be indicative of influenza virus symptoms. For example, it may be a symptom selected from sinusitis, paroxysmal asthma, otitis media, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, pneumonia and diarrhea.

As used herein, the term "prevention" means to inhibit influenza virus infection or to delay the onset by administration of the composition. As used herein, the term "treatment" means any action that improves or advantageously alters the symptoms caused by influenza virus infection by administration of the composition.

The composition of the present invention is administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. The term “pharmaceutically effective amount” means an amount sufficient to treat a disease at a reasonable benefit / risk ratio applicable to medical treatment, with an effective dose level of the individual type and severity, age, sex, type of virus infected, drug Activity, sensitivity to drug, time of administration, route of administration and rate of release, duration of treatment, factors including concurrent use of drugs, and other factors well known in the medical arts. The composition of the present invention may be administered as an individual therapeutic agent or in combination with other therapeutic agents, and may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with conventional therapeutic agents. And single or multiple administrations. It is important to take into account all of the above factors and to administer the amount in which the maximum effect can be obtained in a minimal amount without adverse effect, and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art.

In this method, administration may be administered orally or parenterally. For example, the composition can be administered by intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, nasal or epidural routes.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for diagnosing an influenza virus infection of a pig, comprising detecting the influenza virus in a sample isolated from the pig. The detection may be to detect the influenza virus antigen or an antibody binding thereto.

The pig may be a pig suspected of having an influenza virus. The pig may be, for example, a pig suffering from severe respiratory disease. The sample may be any one isolated from pigs. For example, the sample may be blood, serum or plasma.

In the detecting step, a virus detection method known in the art may be used. For example, it may be using an antigen antibody reaction or using a nucleic acid amplification reaction. The detection may be to detect the influenza virus directly or indirectly to detect its presence. Direct detection may include directly isolating the influenza virus, and indirect detection may include detecting the presence of an antigen of the influenza virus and an antibody binding thereto, or the genomic sequence, mRNA or product expressed therefrom of the influenza virus. Include. The method comprises, for example, detecting an influenza virus antigen or an antibody that binds to an influenza virus antigen in a sample isolated from a pig; And when it is detected that there is an antibody that binds the influenza virus antigen or the influenza virus antigen, it is determined that the pig is infected with the influenza virus, and that there is no antibody that binds the influenza virus H3N2 antigen or the influenza virus antigen. If detected, the method may include determining that the pig is not infected with influenza virus.

Another embodiment of the invention, the step of contacting the influenza virus antigens with a sample isolated from pigs; Detecting the presence of a complex of said influenza virus antigen and anti- said influenza virus antigen; And if the complex is present, the sample is determined to contain an anti-the influenza virus antigen antibody, and if the complex is not present, the sample is determined to contain no anti-the influenza virus antigen antibody It provides a method for detecting an anti-influenza virus antigen antibody in a sample isolated from a pig, comprising the step.

The method includes contacting the influenza virus antigen with a sample isolated from pigs. The contact can be performed by mixing and incubating the sample with the influenza virus antigen in a liquid medium. The liquid medium includes anything that can provide a medium for antigen-antibody reactions without destabilizing the influenza virus antigens and antibodies. For example, the liquid medium includes a buffer, such as a PBS buffer. The contact can be used conditions known in the art to form a complex of antigen and antibody. For example, the contact can be carried out at 4 to 37 ℃. In addition, the contact can be carried out with or without stirring.

The influenza virus antigen may be immobilized on a solid substrate. The solid substrate may have one or more shapes selected from well, plate and bead shapes. The well may be a micro well. The pig may be a pig suspected of having an influenza virus. The pig may be, for example, a pig suffering from severe respiratory disease. The sample may be any one isolated from pigs. For example, the sample may be pig blood, serum or plasma.

The method comprises detecting the presence of a complex of the influenza virus antigen and anti-the influenza virus antibody. The detection may be an antigen-antibody complex detection method known in the art. The detection may be made by, for example, an electrical method, a spectroscopic method, or a combination thereof. In addition, the detection may be made by a known ELISA analysis process. Anti-swine anti-influenza virus antibodies labeled with a detectable label can be made by binding to the antibody and detecting a signal from the label of the bound product. The detectable label can be a fluorescent label, an electrical label, a radioactive material, an enzyme having the activity of converting the substrate into a spectroscopically detectable material, or a combination thereof. The enzyme may comprise one or more selected from alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase and beta-galactosidase.

The method determines that the sample contains an anti-influenza virus antibody when the complex is detected and the sample does not comprise an anti-influenza virus antibody when the complex is detected as not present. Determining not to. The influenza virus is as described above.

In the above method, the influenza virus antigen may be a virus particle itself or a surface protein thereof. The protein may be fixed to a solid substrate.

Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of contacting an anti-the influenza virus antibody and a sample isolated from pigs; Detecting a complex of the antibody and the influenza virus antigen; And when the complex is detected to be present, the sample is determined to contain the swine influenza virus antigen, and when the complex is detected to be absent, the sample is determined to not contain the swine influenza virus antigen. Provided is a method for detecting the swine influenza virus antigen of claim 1 in a sample isolated from a pig, comprising the step of determining.

The influenza virus antigens may be viral particles themselves or surface proteins thereof.

The method comprises contacting an anti-influenza virus antibody with a sample isolated from pigs. Anti-influenza virus antibodies may be prepared according to the methods described above. The contact can be performed by mixing and incubating the sample with the anti-influenza virus antibody in a liquid medium. The liquid medium includes anything that can provide a medium for antigen-antibody reactions without destabilizing the anti-influenza virus antibody and the sample. For example, the liquid medium includes a buffer, such as a PBS buffer. The contact can be used conditions known in the art to form an antigen and a complex of antigens. For example, the contact can be carried out at 4 to 37 ℃. In addition, the contact can be carried out with or without stirring.

The antibody may be immobilized on a solid substrate. The solid substrate may have one or more shapes selected from well, plate and bead shapes. The well may be a micro well. The sample may include any sample derived from pigs. For example, the sample may be pig blood, serum or plasma.

The method includes detecting the presence of a complex of the antibody and influenza virus antigen. The detection may be an antigen-antibody complex detection method known in the art. The detection may be made by, for example, an electrical method, a spectroscopic method, or a combination thereof. In addition, the detection may be made by a known ELISA analysis process. Anti-influenza virus labeled with a detectable label can be combined with the antigen and detecting a signal from the label of the bound product. The detectable label can be a fluorescent label, an electrical label, a radioactive material, an enzyme having the activity of converting the substrate into a spectroscopically detectable material, or a combination thereof. The enzyme may comprise one or more selected from alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase and beta-galactosidase.

The method determines that the sample contains an anti-influenza virus antigen when the complex is detected and wherein the sample does not comprise an anti-influenza virus antigen when the complex is detected as not present. Determining not to. The influenza virus is as described above.

Porcine influenza virus A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) of Accession No. KCTC 11848BP according to the present invention can reproduce its pathogenicity in SPF pigs. Thus, the virus can be produced and attenuated using SPF pigs.

According to the method for producing a composition for preventing or treating swine influenza virus infection of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently prepare a composition for preventing or treating swine influenza virus infection.

According to the composition for preventing or treating swine influenza virus infection of the present invention, it can be used for the prevention or treatment of swine influenza virus infection.

According to the method for diagnosing influenza virus infection of swine of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently diagnose whether swine influenza virus is infected.

1A and 1B show developmental analysis of the HA (FIG. 1A) and NA (FIG. 1B) gene sequences of A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1). Reference strains are as follows: A / Gangwon / 1805/2009 (H1N1): CY060460 / CY060461; A / California / 04/2009 (H1N1): GQ280797 / FJ969517; A / Texas / 44312415/2009 (H1N1): CY052338 / CY052340; A / Singapore / ON355 / 2009 (H1N1): CY049372 / CY049374; A / Australia / 4/2009 (H1N1): CY055067 / CY055069; A / Paris / 2629/2009 (H1N1): GQ249337 / GQ254714; A / Kobe / 1/2009 (H1N1): GQ219577 / GQ 220733; A / Netherlands / 2009 (H1N1): CY039527 / CY039528; A / Beijing / 01/2009 (H1N1): GQ 183617 / GQ183619; A / MexicoCity / MCIG01 / 2009 (H1N1): CY054296 / CY054297; A / swine / Indiana / 1726/1998 (H1N1): CY039925 / CY039927; A / swine / Memphis / 1/1990 (H1N1): CY035070 / CY035072; A / swine / Iwoa / 24297/1991 (H1N1): CY027155 / CY027157; A / swine / Shanghai / 2/2005 (H1N1): EU502885 / FJ789827. A / swine / Korea / SCJ01 / 2009 (H1N1): HM189542 / HM189430. * Strain: Accession No. for HA / NA.
Figure 2a is a view showing the change in mean body temperature (BT) and virus shedding (Virus) in the virus inoculation group (VI) and non-vaccinated group (NI). Body temperature of group VI was significantly higher than that of NI group. In the VI group, non-swappable virus shedding was detected from DPI 1 day, whereas in the NI group no virus detection was observed. Gray bars represent the weight of group VI and white bars represent the weight of NI group. The dashed lines with triangles indicate viral shedding in group VI and diamonds shedding virus in NI group.
FIG. 2B shows lungs of pigs infected with A / swine / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) virus, showing severe suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia (1), or normal lesion of uninfected pigs. H & E dyeing. Original magnification, x200.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example  1: Swine Influenza A H1N1  Isolation and Sequencing of Viruses

Pandemic H1N1 on samples from breeding farms with approximately 6000 pigs after monitoring pandemic H1N1 after the first pandemic H1N1 outbreak on a Korean pig farm in December 2009. The pandemic H1N1 virus was tested using real-time RT-PCR (Bionote, Hwasung, Korea) that was specific to, and the result was positive.

Interestingly, the infected pigs had no apparent respiratory symptoms. The farm is also known to be virally negative for Swine Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV). Virus isolation from lung sample homogenates was attempted using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and embryonated eggs. The virus was successfully isolated only in MDCK cell line after the second passage. The isolated virus was named A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) (hereinafter also referred to as “GCVP-KS01”). This isolate was deposited with the accession number KCTC 11848BP dated January 1, 2011 to the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), an international depository under the Butafest Treaty.

Nucleotide sequences of pandemic H1N1 isolated were HA (hemagglutinin) (772 bp), NA (neuraminidase) (791 bp), NP (nucleoprotein) (1226 bp), NS (non-structural protein) (562 bp) and PA ( It was partially sequenced for the RNA polymerase (637 bp) gene and partially for the M (matrix protein) gene. The identified sequences of HA, NA, PA, NS, NP and M are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1-6, respectively. Sequencing analysis was performed commercially to identify the identity of the isolated virus (Genotech, Daejon, Korea). The nucleotide sequences of GCVP-KS01 were compared with those of other pandemic H1N1 and classical swine H1N1 viruses, and developmental maps were generated for HA and NA genes using the neighbor joining method of the MEGA 4.0 program.

Nucleotide sequences of GCVP-KS01 were 99%, 99.3%, 99.6%, 99.1%, 99.1%, and 99.5 for HA, NA, M, NS, NP, and PA, respectively for the A / California / 04/2009 strain % Similarity was shown. The partial sequence of the NA, HA, PA, NS, NP and M genes of the A / California / 04/2009 strain, comprising the corresponding sequences of the NA, HA, PA, NS, NP and M genes of the isolate, is SEQ ID NO: 7-12, respectively. According to developmental analysis of HA and NA nucleotides, GCVP-KS01 was clustered with pandemic H1N1 virus isolated from humans from 2009 to 2010. Interestingly, the HA gene of pandemic H1N1 virus isolated from humans in Korea was closely related to that of the isolate of the present invention. Previously reported pandemic H1N1 strains isolated from pigs, A / swine / Korea / SCJ01 / 2009, were also grouped into the same group (Song MS et al., J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48: 3204-3211). In contrast, the classical swine H1N1 virus isolated from pigs before 2009 was classified as a pandemic H1N1 virus of another group (FIG. 1). The limitation of genetic analysis in this study is that complete sequencing of the full length genome is not available. However, the most important genes used, HA and NA, were included to identify influenza virus types, and partial sequencing demonstrated nearly 99% similarity. Despite these caveats, the data from the nucleotide analysis suggest that the influenza H1N1 Korean isolate of swine origin was closely related to pandemic H1N1, but not the classical swine H1N1 influenza virus.

Example  2: Unspecified pathogen  ( specific pathogen free : SPF ) In the pig  Swine Influenza A H1N1  Virus Metamorphosis  ( pathogenicity ).

The isolate, designated A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2010 (H1N1), was inoculated nasal to SPF miniature pigs (Medipig, South Korea). Three 5 week old Sinclair miniature pigs were used in this example. Two of them were used for virus inoculation (VI) and one pig was used as a no inoculation (NI) control.

2 mL of virus (2 ⁷ HAU virus, passage level 4) was inoculated intranasally into group VI via the nasal route. The same volume of normal saline was administered to control pigs in the same manner. Clinical symptoms, including temperature and the amount of viral shedding in nasal discharge, were monitored for 8 days post-inoculation (DPI) for 8 days. collected using sterile cotton swabs in nose trills, suspended in 2 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and used for real-time RT-PCR to check for viral load. All experimental pigs were euthanized and necropsied to perform pathological analysis Serological analysis of blood samples collected on DPI 9 was performed using a commercial ELISA kit for Matrix protein (Bionote, South Korea). All experimental procedures were approved by an independent animal care and use committee, and guidelines from the Green Cross Veterinary Products for the reproduction of pathogenesis in pigs) was respected.

Pigs inoculated with the virus showed coughing and lethargy from DPI 2 days, whereas unvaccinated pigs showed no clinical symptoms during the experiment. Rectal temperature in group VI was significantly higher than in NI group (P <0.01, Tukey's tes). A febrile response was found from Day 1 of DPI in group VI (> 39 ° C.). In particular, rectal temperatures spiked to 39.5 ° C. in all inoculated pigs on DPI 2 (FIG. 2). Virus spillage in group VI was observed in nasal swabs at DPI 1 to DPI 7. When gross lesions were examined during necropsy, focal reddish consolidation was observed in the lungs of the vaccinated pigs and severe suppurative necrotizing bronchopneumonia was found among the microscopic lesions. Antibodies against influenza virus were also detected in group VI and there was no serological evidence for antibodies in NI animals (data not shown).

As predicted based on previous studies, clinical symptoms, including fever and gross-histopathological lesions, were successfully reproduced in the lungs of pandemic H1N1 inoculated SPF pigs. This example validates the pathogenicity reproduction of pig-isolated pandemic H1N1 virus in SPF swine, the potential concern of viral circulation of pandemic H1N1 in pig herds and the new variants of the swine population. The possibility of appearance was demonstrated.

Korea Biotechnology Research Institute KCTC11848BP 20110121

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Claims (3)

Porcine influenza virus A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) or its immunogenic subunit of attenuated or inactivated accession number KCTC 11848BP to pigs A method of preventing or treating Influenza Virus A / swine / Korea / GCVP-KS01 / 2009 (H1N1) infection in swine, comprising the step of administering. The method of claim 1, wherein the attenuated swine influenza virus is attenuated by formalin treatment or attenuated by passage culture. The method of claim 1, wherein the subunit is the outer surface protein of swine influenza virus H1N1.

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