KR101128099B1 - Cooling apparatus in re-liquefaction device for boil off gas - Google Patents

Cooling apparatus in re-liquefaction device for boil off gas Download PDF

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KR101128099B1
KR101128099B1 KR1020100004472A KR20100004472A KR101128099B1 KR 101128099 B1 KR101128099 B1 KR 101128099B1 KR 1020100004472 A KR1020100004472 A KR 1020100004472A KR 20100004472 A KR20100004472 A KR 20100004472A KR 101128099 B1 KR101128099 B1 KR 101128099B1
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compressor
refrigerant
gas
boil
heat exchanger
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Korean (ko)
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KR20110084749A (en
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유승현
허재경
정근용
정희철
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아주대학교산학협력단
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치에 대한 발명이 개시된다. 개시된 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치는: 복수의 열로 설치되어 액화용열교환기에서 가열된 냉매를 압축시키는 다단압축기와, 다단압축기를 통과한 냉매를 팽창시키는 팽창기 및 다단압축기와 팽창기를 하나의 열로 연결하는 연결파이프를 구비하는 것을 특징으로 한다.Disclosed is a cooling apparatus provided in a reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas. The cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for the boil-off gas includes: a multistage compressor installed in a plurality of rows to compress the refrigerant heated in the liquefied heat exchanger, an expander and a multistage compressor and an expander to expand the refrigerant having passed through the multistage compressor. It is characterized by having a connection pipe for connecting in one row.

Description

증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치{COOLING APPARATUS IN RE-LIQUEFACTION DEVICE FOR BOIL OFF GAS}Cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas {COOLING APPARATUS IN RE-LIQUEFACTION DEVICE FOR BOIL OFF GAS}

본 발명은 증발가스용 재액화장치에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 액화용열교환기에 사용되는 질소를 냉각시키는 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to a reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas, and more particularly, to a cooling apparatus provided in a re-liquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas for cooling nitrogen used in a liquefaction heat exchanger.

일반적으로, 천연가스는 생산지에서 극저온으로 액하된 액화천연가스(Liquefied Natural Gas, 이하 LNG라 함)의 상태로 만들어진 후, LNG운반선에 의해 목적지까지 수송된다.In general, natural gas is produced in the form of liquefied natural gas (Liquefied Natural Gas, hereinafter referred to as LNG) at a cryogenic temperature at the production site, and then transported to a destination by an LNG carrier.

LNG는 -163도의 액체 상태로 저장탱크에 보관되며, -163도 보다 온도가 높은 경우에는 LNG가 기화되어 증발가스(Boil Off Gas;BOG)가 발생한다.The LNG is stored in the storage tank in a liquid state of -163 degrees, and when the temperature is higher than -163 degrees, LNG is vaporized to generate Boil Off Gas (BOG).

증발가스의 발생으로 저장탱크의 내측 압력이 높아져서 저장탱크가 폭발하거나 사고의 원인이 된다.The generation of evaporated gas increases the pressure inside the storage tank, causing the storage tank to explode or cause an accident.

따라서, 증발가스는 재액화장치로 이송되어 액화된 후 저장탱크로 이송된다.Therefore, the boil-off gas is transferred to the reliquefaction apparatus and liquefied and then transferred to the storage tank.

재액화장치는 증발가스와 열교환을 하는 액화용열교환기와, 액화용열교환기에 사용되는 냉매를 냉각시키는 냉각장치를 포함한다.The reliquefaction apparatus includes a liquefaction heat exchanger for exchanging heat with boil-off gas, and a cooling apparatus for cooling the refrigerant used in the liquefaction heat exchanger.

이러한 냉각장치는 3개의 압축기가 일렬로 설치되며, 이러한 압축기는 파이프로 직렬 연결되어 액상의 냉매가 이동되는 통로를 형성한다.In this cooling device, three compressors are installed in a line, and these compressors are connected in series by pipes to form a passage through which a liquid refrigerant moves.

상기한 기술구성은 본 발명의 이해를 돕기 위한 배경기술로서, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 널리 알려진 종래기술을 의미하는 것은 아니다.
The above technical configuration is a background art for helping understanding of the present invention, and does not mean a conventional technology well known in the art.

냉매의 냉각에 3개의 압축기만 사용되므로, 냉매의 냉각에 소요되는 시간이 증가한다. 그리고, 3개의 압축기가 하나의 파이프로 연결되어 일렬로 설치되므로, 어느 한 개의 압축기만 고장이 나도 냉각장치의 작동이 중지된다. 따라서, 이를 개선할 필요성이 요청된다.Since only three compressors are used for cooling the refrigerant, the time required for cooling the refrigerant is increased. In addition, since three compressors are connected in one pipe and installed in a line, the cooling device is stopped even if only one compressor fails. Therefore, there is a need for improvement.

본 발명은 상기와 같은 필요성에 의해 창출된 것으로서, 냉매의 냉각에 소요되는 시간을 감소시킬 수 있는 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made by the necessity as described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas that can reduce the time required for cooling the refrigerant.

또한 본 발명은, 일부 압축기의 고장이 발생하여도 냉각장치를 작동시킬 수 있는 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.
In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a cooling device provided in the reliquefaction device for boil-off gas that can operate the cooling device even if some compressor failure occurs.

본 발명에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치는: 복수의 열로 설치되어 액화용열교환기에서 가열된 냉매를 압축시키는 다단압축기와, 다단압축기를 통과한 냉매를 팽창시키는 팽창기 및 다단압축기와 팽창기를 하나의 열로 연결하는 연결파이프를 포함한다.The cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas according to the present invention includes: a multistage compressor installed in a plurality of columns to compress the refrigerant heated in the liquefied heat exchanger, and an expander and a multistage compressor to expand the refrigerant passing through the multistage compressor. And a connecting pipe connecting the inflator in one row.

또한 본 발명은, 서로 다른 열에 설치되는 다단압축기를 연결하는 교차파이프를 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the present invention preferably further includes a cross pipe connecting the multi-stage compressors installed in different rows.

또한 다단압축기는, 액화용열교환기를 거치며 과열된 냉매가 공급되는 제1압축기와, 제1압축기와 연결되는 제2압축기 및 제2압축기와 연결되는 제3압축기를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the multistage compressor preferably includes a first compressor through which a liquefied heat exchanger is supplied, a second compressor connected to the first compressor, and a third compressor connected to the second compressor.

또한 교차파이프는 서로 다른 열에 설치되는 제1압축기와 제2압축기를 연결하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, it is preferable that the cross pipe connects the first compressor and the second compressor installed in different rows.

또한 교차파이프는 서로 다른 열에 설치되는 제2압축기와 제3압축기를 연결하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the cross pipe preferably connects the second compressor and the third compressor installed in different rows.

또한 본 발명은, 제1압축기와 제2압축기의 사이와 제2압축기와 제3압축기의 사이 및 제3압축기와 액화용열교환기의 사이에 설치되어 냉매의 과열증기를 냉각시키는 중간냉각기를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다.The present invention also includes an intermediate cooler installed between the first compressor and the second compressor, between the second compressor and the third compressor, and between the third compressor and the liquefied heat exchanger to cool the superheated steam of the refrigerant. It is preferable.

또한 냉매는 질소인 것이 바람직하다.
In addition, the refrigerant is preferably nitrogen.

본 발명에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치는, 3개의 압축기로 이루어진 다단압축기가 복수의 열로 설치되므로, 냉매의 냉각에 소요되는 시간을 감소시켜 냉각장치의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다.In the cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas according to the present invention, since the multistage compressor consisting of three compressors is installed in a plurality of rows, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the cooling apparatus by reducing the time required for cooling the refrigerant. .

또한 본 발명은, 다단압축기의 일부에 고장이 발생하여도 교차파이프를 통해 다른 열에 설치되는 다단압축기로 냉매가 공급되어 압축되므로, 냉각장치의 동작신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.
In addition, according to the present invention, even if a failure occurs in a part of the multistage compressor, since the refrigerant is supplied to the multistage compressor installed in another row through the cross pipe and compressed, the operation reliability of the cooling apparatus can be improved.

도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치가 LNG운반선에 설치된 상태를 도시한 개념도이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치와 콜드박스의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a state in which a reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on an LNG carrier.
2 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a cooling apparatus and a cold box provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

이하, 첨부된 도면들을 참조하여 본 발명에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치의 일 실시예를 설명한다. 설명의 편의를 위해 LNG운반선을 예로 들어 설명한다. 이 과정에서 도면에 도시된 선들의 두께나 구성요소의 크기 등은 설명의 명료성과 편의상 과장되게 도시되어 있을 수 있다. 또한, 후술되는 용어들은 본 발명에서의 기능을 고려하여 정의된 용어들로서 이는 사용자, 운용자의 의도 또는 관례에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 그러므로, 이러한 용어들에 대한 정의는 본 명세서 전반에 걸친 내용을 토대로 내려져야 할 것이다.
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described an embodiment of a cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas according to the present invention. For convenience of explanation, the LNG carrier will be described as an example. In this process, the thicknesses of the lines and the sizes of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation. In addition, terms to be described below are terms defined in consideration of functions in the present invention, which may vary according to the intention or convention of a user or an operator. Therefore, definitions of these terms should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치가 LNG운반선에 설치된 상태를 도시한 개념도이며, 도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치와 콜드박스의 구성을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다.1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a state in which a reliquefaction device for boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on an LNG carrier, and FIG. 2 is cooling provided in the re-liquefaction device for boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the device and the cold box.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, LNG운반선(1)에는 액상의 LNG를 보관하는 복수의 저장탱크(3)가 구비된다. LNG의 보관온도는 -163도이며, 이보다 높은 온도일 경우 LNG는 기화되어 증발가스가 생성된다.As shown in FIG. 1, the LNG carrier 1 is provided with a plurality of storage tanks 3 storing liquid LNG. The storage temperature of LNG is -163 degrees. At higher temperatures, LNG is vaporized to produce boil-off gas.

증발가스는 저장탱크(3)와 연결된 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)를 통과하면서 냉각되어 LNG로 재액화된다.The boil-off gas is cooled while passing through the re-liquefaction device 10 for boil-off gas connected to the storage tank 3 to be liquefied into LNG.

저장탱크(3)와 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)는 제1파이프(5)와 제2파이프(7)로 연결되며, 제1파이프(5)를 따라 증발가스가 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)로 이송되며, 제2파이프(7)를 따라 재액화된 LNG가 저장탱크(3)로 이송된다.The storage tank 3 and the reliquefaction apparatus 10 for the boil-off gas are connected to the first pipe 5 and the second pipe 7, and the re-liquefaction apparatus for the boil-off gas along the first pipe 5. The LNG liquefied along the second pipe 7 is transferred to the storage tank 3.

증발가스용 재액화장치(10)는, 증발가스를 압축시키는 압축부(12)와, 압축부(12)를 통과한 증발가스를 냉각시키는 콜드박스(70) 및 콜드박스(70)에 사용되는 냉매를 냉각시키는 냉각장치(20)를 포함한다.The reliquefaction apparatus 10 for boil-off gas is used for the compression part 12 which compresses boil-off gas, and the cold box 70 and the cold box 70 which cool the boil-off gas which passed through the compression part 12. And a cooling device 20 for cooling the refrigerant.

도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)에 구비되는 냉각장치(20)는, 복수의 열로 설치되어 액화용열교환기(72)에서 가열된 냉매를 압축시키는 다단압축기(30)와, 다단압축기(30)를 통과한 냉매를 팽창시키는 팽창기(42) 및 다단압축기(30)와 팽창기(42)를 하나의 열로 연결하는 연결파이프(50)를 포함한다.As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling device 20 provided in the reliquefaction device 10 for boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed in a plurality of heat and heated in a liquefaction heat exchanger 72. A multistage compressor 30 for compressing the refrigerant, an expander 42 for expanding the refrigerant passing through the multistage compressor 30, and a connecting pipe 50 for connecting the multistage compressor 30 and the expander 42 in one row; Include.

다단압축기(30)는 복수의 압축기를 사용하는 기술사상 안에서 다양한 변형이 가능하다.Multi-stage compressor (30) is capable of various modifications within the technical concept of using a plurality of compressors.

일 실시예에 따른 다단압축기(30)는 액화용열교환기(72)를 거치며 과열된 냉매가 공급되는 제1압축기(32)와, 제1압축기(32)와 연결되는 제2압축기(34) 및 제2압축기(34)와 연결되는 제3압축기(36)를 포함한다.Multi-stage compressor 30 according to an embodiment is the first compressor 32, the second compressor 34 is connected to the first compressor 32, and the first compressor 32 is supplied to the liquefied heat exchanger 72 and the superheated refrigerant It includes a third compressor (36) connected to the second compressor (34).

제1 내지 제3 압축기(32,34,36)는 연결파이프(50)로 상호 연결되어 냉매가 이동된다. 액화용열교환기(72)에서 사용되는 냉매는 끓는점이 낮은 질소를 사용한다.The first to third compressors 32, 34, and 36 are interconnected by the connection pipes 50, and the refrigerant is moved. The refrigerant used in the liquefaction heat exchanger 72 uses nitrogen having a low boiling point.

다단압축기(30)에서 연장된 연결파이프(50)는, 냉매를 강제 이송시키는 모터(40)와 냉매를 팽창시키는 팽창기(42)에 연결된다.The connecting pipe 50 extending from the multistage compressor 30 is connected to the motor 40 forcibly transferring the refrigerant and the expander 42 for expanding the refrigerant.

제1압축기(32)와 제2압축기(34) 및 제3압축기(36)에서는 냉매의 압축 과정에서 과열증기가 발생되며, 이러한 과열증기는 중간냉각기(44,45,46)를 통과하면서 냉매로 액화된다.In the first compressor 32, the second compressor 34, and the third compressor 36, superheated steam is generated during the compression of the refrigerant, and the superheated steam passes through the intermediate coolers 44, 45, and 46 as a refrigerant. Liquefied

중간냉각기(44)는 제1압축기(32)와 제2압축기(34)의 사이에 설치되며, 제1압축기(32)에서 발생된 과열증기를 냉각시켜 제2압축기(34)로 이송한다.The intermediate cooler 44 is installed between the first compressor 32 and the second compressor 34 and cools the superheated steam generated by the first compressor 32 and transfers it to the second compressor 34.

제2압축기(34)와 제3압축기(36)의 사이에도 중간냉각기(45)가 설치되어, 제2압축기(34)에서 발생된 과열증기를 냉각시켜 제3압축기(36)로 이송한다.An intermediate cooler 45 is also installed between the second compressor 34 and the third compressor 36 to cool the superheated steam generated by the second compressor 34 and transfer it to the third compressor 36.

제3압축기(36)와 액화용열교환기(72)의 사이에도 중간냉각기(46)가 설치되어, 제3압축기(36)에서 발생된 과열증기를 냉각시켜 액화용열교환기(72)로 이송한다.An intermediate cooler 46 is also installed between the third compressor 36 and the liquefaction heat exchanger 72 to cool down the superheated steam generated by the third compressor 36 and transfer it to the liquefaction heat exchanger 72. .

다단압축기(30)는 연결파이프(50)로 연결되어 하나의 열로 설치되며, 일 실시예에 따른 냉각장치(20)는 이러한 다단압축기(30)가 복수의 열로 설치된다.The multistage compressor 30 is connected to the connection pipe 50 and installed in one row, and the cooling device 20 according to one embodiment of the multistage compressor 30 is installed in a plurality of rows.

서로 다른 열에 설치되는 다단압축기(30)는 교차파이프(52)로 연결된다. 교차파이프(52)를 사용하므로, 다단압축기(30)에 구비된 압축기의 일부에 고장이 발생하거나 성능이 저하되어도, 다른 열에 설치된 압축기의 정상 작동으로 냉매를 압축시킬 수 있다.Multistage compressors 30 installed in different rows are connected by cross pipes 52. Since the cross pipe 52 is used, even if a part of the compressor provided in the multi-stage compressor 30 fails or the performance decreases, the refrigerant can be compressed by the normal operation of the compressor installed in another column.

일 실시예에 따른 교차파이프(52)는, 서로 다른 열에 설치되는 제1압축기(32)와 제2압축기(34)를 교차로 연결하며, 제2압축기(34)와 제3압축기(36)도 교차로 연결한다.Cross pipe 52 according to an embodiment, the first compressor 32 and the second compressor 34 are installed in different rows to cross the intersection, the second compressor 34 and the third compressor 36 also cross the intersection. Connect.

액화용열교환기(72)와 각 열에 있는 제1압축기(32)는 과열냉매이송라인(60)으로 연결되어, 액화용열교환기(72)를 통과하며 과열된 냉매를 제1압축기(32)로 이송시킨다.The liquefied heat exchanger (72) and the first compressor (32) in each row are connected to the superheated refrigerant transfer line (60), passing through the liquefied heat exchanger (72), and passing the superheated refrigerant to the first compressor (32). Transfer.

제3압축기(36)에서 발생된 과열증기를 냉각시키는 중간냉각기(46)와 액화용열교환기(72)는 냉매증기이송라인(62)으로 연결되며, 액화용열교환기(72)에서 액화된 냉매는 액상냉매이송라인(64)으로 연결된 각 열의 팽창기(42)로 이동된다.The intermediate cooler 46 and the liquefied heat exchanger 72 for cooling the superheated steam generated by the third compressor 36 are connected to the refrigerant vapor transfer line 62, and the refrigerant liquefied in the liquefied heat exchanger 72. The is moved to the expander 42 of each row connected by the liquid refrigerant transfer line (64).

각 열의 팽창기(42)는 액화용열교환기(72)와 냉각냉매이송라인(66)으로 연결되어 냉각된 냉매를 액화용열교환기(72)로 이송시킨다.The expander 42 of each row is connected to the liquefaction heat exchanger 72 and the cooling refrigerant transfer line 66 to transfer the cooled refrigerant to the liquefaction heat exchanger 72.

냉각장치(20)와 연결되는 콜드박스(70)는 열교환이 이루어지는 액화용열교환기(72)와 기액분리기(74)를 포함한다.The cold box 70 connected to the cooling device 20 includes a liquefied heat exchanger 72 and a gas-liquid separator 74 in which heat exchange is performed.

압축부(12)를 통과하며 압축된 증발가스는 내부라인(76)을 따라 이동되어 액화용열교환기(72)에서 열교환이 이루어진다.The compressed boil-off gas passing through the compression unit 12 is moved along the inner line 76 to perform heat exchange in the liquefied heat exchanger 72.

기액분리기(74)는 기체와 액체를 분리하는 장치로, 액화된 LNG는 제2파이프(7)를 통해 저장탱크(3)로 이송된다. The gas-liquid separator 74 separates gas and liquid, and the liquefied LNG is transferred to the storage tank 3 through the second pipe 7.

본 발명의 다른 실시예에 의하면, 연결파이프(50)와 교차파이프(52)에는 냉매의 이동을 제어하는 밸브부재와 냉매의 이동을 강제하는 펌프가 설치되어 냉매의 흐름을 제어할 수 있다.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the connecting pipe 50 and the cross pipe 52 are provided with a valve member for controlling the movement of the refrigerant and a pump for forcing the movement of the refrigerant to control the flow of the refrigerant.

이하에서는 첨부된 도면들을 참조하여 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)에 구비되는 냉각장치(20)의 작동상태를 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the operating state of the cooling device 20 provided in the re-liquefaction apparatus 10 for boil-off gas according to an embodiment of the present invention.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 저장탱크(3)의 온도 상승 등으로 발생하는 증발가스는 제1파이프(5)를 통해 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)로 이동하여 냉각된 후, 액상의 LNG로 되어 제2파이프(7)를 통해 각 저장탱크(3)로 이송된다.As shown in FIG. 1, after the evaporation gas generated by the temperature rise of the storage tank 3 is moved to the reliquefaction apparatus 10 for evaporating gas through the first pipe 5 and cooled, the liquid LNG It is transferred to each storage tank 3 through the second pipe (7).

도 2에 도시된 바와 같이, 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)로 이송된 증발가스는 압축부(12)를 통과하며 압축된 상태에서 내부라인(76)을 따라 콜드박스(70)의 액화용열교환기(72)로 이동한다.As shown in FIG. 2, the boil-off gas transferred to the re-liquefaction device 10 for boil-off gas passes through the compression unit 12 and is used for the liquefaction of the cold box 70 along the inner line 76 in the compressed state. Move to heat exchanger (72).

액화용열교환기(72)를 통과하며 냉각된 증발가스는 액화되며, 기액분리기(74)를 통해 제2파이프(7)로 이동된다.The boil-off gas cooled through the liquefaction heat exchanger 72 is liquefied and is moved to the second pipe 7 through the gas-liquid separator 74.

액화용열교환기(72)에 사용되는 냉매의 흐름을 설명하면, 액화용열교환기(72)를 지나며 온도가 올라간 냉매는 과열냉매이송라인(60)을 통해 각 열의 제1압축기(32)로 이송된다.Referring to the flow of the refrigerant used in the liquefaction heat exchanger (72), the refrigerant whose temperature rises while passing through the liquefaction heat exchanger (72) is transferred to the first compressor (32) of each row through the superheated refrigerant transfer line (60). do.

제1압축기(32)에서 압축된 냉매는 과열증기와 액상냉매가 혼합된 상태이며, 액상냉매는 연결파이프(50)를 통해 같은 열의 제2압축기(34)로 이송되며, 이중 일부는 교차파이프(52)를 통해 다른 열에 있는 제2압축기(34)로 이송된다.The refrigerant compressed by the first compressor 32 is a mixture of superheated steam and liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant is transferred to the second compressor 34 of the same row through the connection pipe 50, some of which are cross-pipes ( 52) to a second compressor 34 in another row.

제1압축기(32)에서 발생된 과열증기는 중간냉각기(44)에서 냉각된 후 제2압축기(34)로 이송된다.The superheated steam generated in the first compressor 32 is cooled in the intermediate cooler 44 and then transferred to the second compressor 34.

제2압축기(34)에서도 질소의 압축이 이루어지며, 액상냉매는 연결파이프(50)와 교차파이프(52)를 통해 제3압축기(36)로 이동되며, 과열증기는 중간냉각기(45)에서 냉각된 후 제3압축기(36)로 이동된다.Nitrogen is also compressed in the second compressor (34), and the liquid refrigerant is moved to the third compressor (36) through the connecting pipe (50) and the cross pipe (52), and the superheated steam is cooled in the intermediate cooler (45). After it is moved to the third compressor (36).

제3압축기(36)에서 압축된 질소 가운데 여전히 잔존하는 과열증기는 중간냉각기(46)를 통해 냉각된 후 냉매증기이송라인(62)을 따라 액화용열교환기(72)로 이동한다.The superheated steam still remaining in the nitrogen compressed in the third compressor (36) is cooled through the intermediate cooler (46) and then moved to the liquefied heat exchanger (72) along the refrigerant vapor transfer line (62).

액화용열교환기(72)에서 냉각된 과열증기는 냉매는 액상으로 되며, 이러한 냉매는 액상냉매이송라인(64)을 따라 팽창기(42)로 이동한다.The superheated steam cooled in the liquefaction heat exchanger (72) becomes a liquid phase, and the refrigerant moves to the expander (42) along the liquid refrigerant transfer line (64).

제3압축기(36)에서 압축된 이후의 액상냉매도 연결파이프(50)를 따라 팽창기(42)로 이동하여, 액상냉매이송라인(64)을 따라 이송된 액상냉매와 혼합된 후, 팽창기(42)를 통과하며 저온 상태가 된다.The liquid refrigerant after being compressed by the third compressor 36 is also moved to the expander 42 along the connecting pipe 50, mixed with the liquid refrigerant transferred along the liquid refrigerant transfer line 64, and then expanded by the expander 42. It passes through) and it becomes low temperature.

저온의 냉매는 냉각냉매이송라인(66)을 따라 액화용열교환기(72)로 들어가서 내부라인(76)을 따라 이동하는 증발가스를 냉각시켜 LNG로 만든다.The low temperature refrigerant enters the liquefaction heat exchanger 72 along the cooling refrigerant transfer line 66 to cool the boil-off gas moving along the inner line 76 to LNG.

상술한 바와 같은 구성에 의하면, 일 실시예에 따른 증발가스용 재액화장치(10)에 구비되는 냉각장치(20)는, 복수의 열로 설치되는 다단압축기(30)의 사용으로, 냉매의 냉각에 소요되는 시간을 감소시켜 냉각장치(20)의 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다.According to the above-described configuration, the cooling device 20 included in the reliquefaction device 10 for boil-off gas according to the embodiment is used for cooling the refrigerant by using the multistage compressor 30 installed in a plurality of rows. It is possible to improve the efficiency of the cooling device 20 by reducing the time required.

또한 복수의 열로 설치된 다단압축기(30)는 교차파이프(52)로 연결되므로, 일부의 압축기에 고장이 발생하거나 성능이 저하되어도, 다른 압축기의 정상작동으로 과열된 냉매를 냉각할 수 있으므로, 냉각장치(20)의 동작신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.In addition, since the multi-stage compressor 30 installed in a plurality of rows is connected by a cross pipe 52, even if a failure occurs or the performance of some compressors is reduced, the superheated refrigerant can be cooled by the normal operation of another compressor. The operation reliability of 20 can be improved.

본 발명은 도면에 도시된 실시예를 참고로 하여 설명되었으나, 이는 예시적인 것에 불과하며, 당해 기술이 속하는 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 타 실시예가 가능하다는 점을 이해할 것이다.Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, this is merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art to which the art belongs can make various modifications and other equivalent embodiments therefrom. I will understand.

또한, LNG운반선을 예로 들어 설명하였으나, 이는 예시적인 것에 불과하며, 질소를 포함한 냉매의 냉각을 위한 다양한 종류의 냉각장치에도 본 발명의 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치가 사용될 수 있다.In addition, the LNG carrier has been described as an example, but this is merely exemplary, and the cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for the boil-off gas of the present invention may be used in various kinds of cooling apparatuses for cooling the refrigerant including nitrogen.

따라서, 본 발명의 진정한 기술적 보호범위는 특허청구범위에 의해서 정하여져야 할 것이다.
Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the claims.

1: LNG운반선 3: 저장탱크
10: 증발가스용 재액화장치
12: 압축부 20: 냉각장치
30: 다단압축기 32: 제1압축기
34: 제2압축기 36: 제3압축기
40: 모터 42: 팽창기
44,45,46: 중간냉각기
50: 연결파이프 52: 교차파이프
60: 과열냉매이송라인 62: 냉매증기이송라인
64: 액상냉매이송라인 66: 냉각냉매이송라인
70: 콜드박스 72: 액화용열교환기
74: 기액분리기 76: 내부라인1: LNG Carrier 3: Storage Tank
10: reliquefaction device for boil-off gas
12: compression unit 20: cooling device
30: multi-stage compressor 32: first compressor
34: second compressor 36: third compressor
40: motor 42: inflator
44,45,46: Intercooler
50: connection pipe 52: cross pipe
60: superheated refrigerant transfer line 62: refrigerant steam transfer line
64: liquid refrigerant transfer line 66: cooling refrigerant transfer line
70: cold box 72: liquefied heat exchanger
74: gas-liquid separator 76: inner line

Claims (7)

복수의 열로 설치되어 액화용열교환기에서 가열된 냉매를 압축시키는 다단압축기;
상기 다단압축기를 통과한 냉매를 팽창시키는 팽창기;
상기 다단압축기와 상기 팽창기를 하나의 열로 연결하는 연결파이프; 및
서로 다른 열에 설치되는 상기 다단압축기를 연결하는 교차파이프를 포함하며,
상기 다단압축기는, 상기 액화용열교환기를 거치며 과열된 냉매가 공급되는 제1압축기;
상기 제1압축기와 연결되는 제2압축기; 및
상기 제2압축기와 연결되는 제3압축기를 포함하며,
상기 교차파이프는 서로 다른 열에 설치되는 상기 제1압축기와 상기 제2압축기 및 상기 제2압축기와 상기 제3압축기를 연결하는 것을 특징으로 하는 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치.
A multistage compressor installed in a plurality of rows to compress the refrigerant heated in the liquefied heat exchanger;
An expander configured to expand the refrigerant passing through the multistage compressor;
A connecting pipe connecting the multistage compressor and the inflator in one row; And
It includes a cross pipe connecting the multi-stage compressor installed in different rows,
The multistage compressor may include a first compressor through which the superheated refrigerant is supplied through the liquefaction heat exchanger;
A second compressor connected to the first compressor; And
A third compressor connected to the second compressor,
The cross pipe is a cooling apparatus provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas, characterized in that for connecting the first compressor and the second compressor and the second compressor and the third compressor are installed in different rows.
삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 삭제delete 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 제1압축기와 상기 제2압축기의 사이와, 상기 제2압축기와 상기 제3압축기의 사이 및 상기 제3압축기와 상기 액화용열교환기의 사이에 설치되어, 냉매의 과열증기를 냉각시키는 중간냉각기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치.
The method of claim 1,
An intermediate cooler installed between the first compressor and the second compressor, between the second compressor and the third compressor, and between the third compressor and the liquefied heat exchanger to cool the superheated steam of the refrigerant; Cooling apparatus provided in the re-liquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas comprising a.
제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 냉매는 질소인 것을 특징으로 하는 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치.The method of claim 1,
The coolant is provided in the reliquefaction apparatus for boil-off gas, characterized in that the nitrogen.
KR1020100004472A 2010-01-18 2010-01-18 Cooling apparatus in re-liquefaction device for boil off gas KR101128099B1 (en)

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