KR100772257B1 - 가스확산전극에 유용한 개질된 탄소생성물 - Google Patents
가스확산전극에 유용한 개질된 탄소생성물 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100772257B1 KR100772257B1 KR1020027004629A KR20027004629A KR100772257B1 KR 100772257 B1 KR100772257 B1 KR 100772257B1 KR 1020027004629 A KR1020027004629 A KR 1020027004629A KR 20027004629 A KR20027004629 A KR 20027004629A KR 100772257 B1 KR100772257 B1 KR 100772257B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- group
- modified carbon
- organic group
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/44—Carbon
- C09C1/48—Carbon black
- C09C1/56—Treatment of carbon black ; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
- C07C17/263—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/416,088 US6399202B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 1999-10-12 | Modified carbon products useful in gas diffusion electrodes |
| US09/416,088 | 1999-10-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20020048961A KR20020048961A (ko) | 2002-06-24 |
| KR100772257B1 true KR100772257B1 (ko) | 2007-11-01 |
Family
ID=23648484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020027004629A Expired - Fee Related KR100772257B1 (ko) | 1999-10-12 | 2000-10-10 | 가스확산전극에 유용한 개질된 탄소생성물 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6399202B1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1226616A1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP5432424B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR100772257B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN1208863C (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU8007500A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2387019C (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2001028015A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6818339B1 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2004-11-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte type fuel cell |
| US6280871B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-08-28 | Cabot Corporation | Gas diffusion electrodes containing modified carbon products |
| US20030031917A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-02-13 | Kenji Katori | Gas diffusive electrode, electroconductive ion conductor, their manufacturing method, and electrochemical device |
| US7541308B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2009-06-02 | Cabot Corporation | Fuel cells and other products containing modified carbon products |
| US20020192537A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-19 | Xiaoming Ren | Metallic layer component for use in a direct oxidation fuel cell |
| EP1298745B1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2010-04-21 | Panasonic Corporation | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
| US6926990B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2005-08-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Fuel cell having porous electrodes and method for forming same |
| US6746982B2 (en) * | 2001-12-27 | 2004-06-08 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Porous carbon body for a fuel cell having an electronically conductive hydrophilic agent |
| US7144476B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2006-12-05 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Carbon fiber electrode substrate for electrochemical cells |
| US7241334B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-07-10 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Sulfonated carbonaceous materials |
| US7390441B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2008-06-24 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Sulfonated conducting polymer-grafted carbon material for fuel cell applications |
| CA2486790A1 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Sulfonated conducting polymer-grafted carbon material for fuel cell applications |
| US7459103B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2008-12-02 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Conducting polymer-grafted carbon material for fuel cell applications |
| WO2003100883A2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Conducting polymer-grafted carbon material for fuel cell applications |
| US7195834B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-03-27 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Metallized conducting polymer-grafted carbon material and method for making |
| JP2004079420A (ja) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-03-11 | Canon Inc | 導電性炭素、これを用いた燃料電池用の電極触媒、燃料電池セルおよび燃料電池 |
| US20040062980A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-01 | Xiaoming Ren | Fluid management component for use in a fuel cell |
| JP2004265638A (ja) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-24 | Ebara Corp | 混合伝導カーボンおよび電極 |
| US7348081B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2008-03-25 | Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. | Fuel efficient membrane electrode assembly |
| US20050026012A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-03 | O'hara Jeanette E. | Diffusion media tailored to account for variations in operating humidity and devices incorporating the same |
| KR100696462B1 (ko) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-03-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극 확산층 |
| US7732372B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2010-06-08 | Cabot Corporation | Particulate absorbent materials |
| JP2007535787A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2007-12-06 | キャボット コーポレイション | 修飾炭素生成物、燃料電池および類似の装置における修飾炭素生成物の使用、および修飾炭素生成物に関する方法 |
| US20070280876A1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2007-12-06 | William Marsh Rice University | Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes in Acidic Media |
| US20060068987A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Srinivas Bollepalli | Carbon supported catalyst having reduced water retention |
| US7282466B2 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2007-10-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Sulfur-functionalized carbon nanoarchitectures as porous, high-surface-area supports for precious metal catalysts |
| PL372678A1 (pl) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-21 | Politechnika Poznańska | Wtórne ogniwo wodór-powietrze |
| KR100813240B1 (ko) | 2005-02-18 | 2008-03-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 유기 전해액 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
| JP5057261B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-25 | 2012-10-24 | 東海カーボン株式会社 | カーボンブラック水性分散体及びその製造方法 |
| US7554815B2 (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2009-06-30 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Resilient clip for circuit board |
| EP2099869B1 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-05-01 | Sensient Colors Inc. | Modified pigments and methods for making and using the same |
| JP5121290B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-17 | 2013-01-16 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 固体高分子形燃料電池電極用触媒 |
| EP2201072B1 (en) | 2007-08-23 | 2018-11-14 | Sensient Colors LLC | Self-dispersed pigments and methods for making and using the same |
| US8022238B2 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2011-09-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Phosphate surfactants |
| JP2012523479A (ja) | 2009-04-07 | 2012-10-04 | センシエント カラーズ エルエルシー | 自己分散性粒子並びにその製造方法及び使用方法 |
| JP5940153B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-22 | 2016-06-29 | キャボット コーポレイションCabot Corporation | 特殊なパーコレーション挙動を有する高抵抗コーティング組成物ならびにそれを含む静電画像現像システムおよびその部品 |
| US20130288006A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-31 | Anna C. Greene | Laser-engraveable elements and method of use |
| WO2014098917A1 (en) * | 2012-12-23 | 2014-06-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Carbon electrode and method therefor |
| FR3031917A1 (fr) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de greffage d'un substrat en carbone, et utilisation de ce substrat dans une pile a combustible |
| CN104730115A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-24 | 西南大学 | 基于仿生蜂窝碳气凝胶材料的新型生物及气体传感器 |
| JP6548954B2 (ja) | 2015-05-21 | 2019-07-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 還元触媒及び化学反応装置 |
| CA2985660C (fr) | 2015-05-27 | 2023-03-07 | Hydro-Quebec | Procede pour la protection de materiaux d'electrode contre l'humidite |
| CN107640756B (zh) * | 2016-12-01 | 2020-01-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 多介孔疏水碳气凝胶材料及其制备方法 |
| CN106957095A (zh) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-18 | 上海大学 | 用于去除水中铜离子的复合改性活性炭电极及其制备方法 |
| JP2019081667A (ja) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-30 | 旭化成株式会社 | 窒素含有炭素材料及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた燃料電池電極 |
| JP7029420B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-21 | 2022-03-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 二酸化炭素電解セル用電極触媒層、ならびにそれを具備する、電解セルおよび二酸化炭素電解用電解装置 |
| CN110492124B (zh) * | 2019-07-17 | 2020-11-13 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种高导电性疏水气体扩散层及其制备方法 |
| CN110444769A (zh) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-12 | 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 | 一种高导电性超疏水气体扩散层及其制备方法 |
| AU2023223827A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-08-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd. | Additive for carbon dioxide reduction catalysts, catalyst layer, cathode, ion exchange membrane-electrode assembly and solid electrolyte electrolysis device |
| CN119406727B (zh) * | 2024-10-18 | 2025-11-07 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种具有亲疏水传输通道的气体扩散层及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996018696A1 (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-06-20 | Cabot Corporation | Aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5538608A (en) * | 1993-09-25 | 1996-07-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Bubble collection type gas electrode |
| US5707432A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-13 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
Family Cites Families (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57208073A (en) | 1981-06-17 | 1982-12-21 | Toshiba Corp | Porous catalyst layer of air electrode |
| DE3411759C1 (de) * | 1984-03-30 | 1985-04-25 | Th. Goldschmidt Ag, 4300 Essen | An ihrer Oberflaeche durch hydrophile und hydrophobe Gruppen modifizierte Teilchen |
| US4908198A (en) | 1986-06-02 | 1990-03-13 | The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. | Fluorinated carbons and methods of manufacture |
| US4877694A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1989-10-31 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Gas diffusion electrode |
| DE3722019A1 (de) | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-12 | Varta Batterie | Verfahren zur herstellung einer kunststoffgebundenen gasdiffusionselektrode, die einen manganoxidkatalysator der ueberwiegenden zusammensetzung mno(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)o(pfeil abwaerts)3(pfeil abwaerts)* x mn(pfeil abwaerts)5(pfeil abwaerts)o(pfeil abwaerts)8(pfeil abwaerts) enthaelt |
| US4835074A (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1989-05-30 | The Electrosynthesis Company, Inc. | Modified carbons and electrochemical cells containing the same |
| DE68922414T2 (de) | 1988-02-05 | 1995-11-09 | Nova Biomedical Corp | Enzymelektrode. |
| JPH03188299A (ja) | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-16 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | 亜鉛合金電気めっき方法及びそれに使用するガス拡散電極装置 |
| US5232561A (en) | 1989-12-15 | 1993-08-03 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Electrolytic method of preparing compounds with a gas permeable electrode |
| US5302274A (en) | 1990-04-16 | 1994-04-12 | Minitech Co. | Electrochemical gas sensor cells using three dimensional sensing electrodes |
| US5846670A (en) | 1992-02-21 | 1998-12-08 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Gas diffusion electrode for electrochemical cell and process of preparing same |
| US5242765A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1993-09-07 | Luz Electric Fuel Israel Limited | Gas diffusion electrodes |
| GB9301330D0 (en) | 1993-01-23 | 1993-03-17 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Electrode |
| BE1008455A3 (nl) | 1994-06-07 | 1996-05-07 | Vito | Gasdiffusie elektrode met katalysator voor een elektrochemische cel met vast elektrolyt en werkwijze ter vervaardiging van dergelijke elektrode. |
| US5521020A (en) | 1994-10-14 | 1996-05-28 | Bcs Technology, Inc. | Method for catalyzing a gas diffusion electrode |
| US5554739A (en) | 1994-12-15 | 1996-09-10 | Cabot Corporation | Process for preparing carbon materials with diazonium salts and resultant carbon products |
| US5571311A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-11-05 | Cabot Corporation | Ink jet ink formulations containing carbon black products |
| IL116377A (en) | 1994-12-15 | 2003-05-29 | Cabot Corp | Reaction of carbon black with diazonium salts, resultant carbon black products and their uses |
| IL116376A (en) | 1994-12-15 | 2001-03-19 | Cabot Corp | Aqueous ink jet ink compositions containing modified carbon products |
| JPH08250117A (ja) * | 1995-03-09 | 1996-09-27 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池負極用炭素材料及びその製造方法 |
| JPH08283979A (ja) | 1995-04-10 | 1996-10-29 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | ガス拡散電極とそれを使用する電解方法 |
| PL178802B1 (pl) | 1995-08-14 | 2000-06-30 | Elton Aozt | Kondensator dwuwarstwowy |
| JP2000510999A (ja) | 1996-05-15 | 2000-08-22 | ハイピリオン カタリシス インターナショナル インコーポレイテッド | 電気化学キャパシターにおけるグラファイチックナノファイバー |
| US5698016A (en) | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-16 | Cabot Corporation | Compositions of modified carbon products and amphiphilic ions and methods of using the same |
| US6110994A (en) | 1996-06-14 | 2000-08-29 | Cabot Corporation | Polymeric products containing modified carbon products and methods of making and using the same |
| US5837045A (en) | 1996-06-17 | 1998-11-17 | Cabot Corporation | Colored pigment and aqueous compositions containing same |
| US5783325A (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-07-21 | The Research Foundation Of State Of New York | Gas diffusion electrodes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) carbon blends |
| ES2262311T3 (es) | 1998-02-12 | 2006-11-16 | Cabot Corporation | Combinaciones polimericas conductoras con material conductor finamente dividido ubicado selectivamente en la fase polimerica continua o en la interfase continua. |
-
1999
- 1999-10-12 US US09/416,088 patent/US6399202B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-10-10 CA CA2387019A patent/CA2387019C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-10 EP EP00970741A patent/EP1226616A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-10 AU AU80075/00A patent/AU8007500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-10 KR KR1020027004629A patent/KR100772257B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-10 JP JP2001530134A patent/JP5432424B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-10 CN CNB008142386A patent/CN1208863C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-10 WO PCT/US2000/028008 patent/WO2001028015A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5538608A (en) * | 1993-09-25 | 1996-07-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Bubble collection type gas electrode |
| WO1996018696A1 (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-06-20 | Cabot Corporation | Aqueous inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
| US5707432A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-13 | Cabot Corporation | Modified carbon products and inks and coatings containing modified carbon products |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1208863C (zh) | 2005-06-29 |
| JP2003515872A (ja) | 2003-05-07 |
| JP5432424B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
| US6399202B1 (en) | 2002-06-04 |
| CA2387019A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| AU8007500A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
| KR20020048961A (ko) | 2002-06-24 |
| EP1226616A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| WO2001028015A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 |
| CN1379917A (zh) | 2002-11-13 |
| CA2387019C (en) | 2010-09-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA0105 | International application |
St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A15-nap-PA0105 |
|
| PG1501 | Laying open of application |
St.27 status event code: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-nap-PG1501 |
|
| A201 | Request for examination | ||
| PA0201 | Request for examination |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D11-exm-PA0201 |
|
| E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
| PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D21-exm-PE0902 |
|
| AMND | Amendment | ||
| P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
| P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
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