KR100535153B1 - Adsorptive separation method for strong adsorbates with heating rinse - Google Patents
Adsorptive separation method for strong adsorbates with heating rinse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
본 발명은 가열세정을 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리방법에 관한 것으로, 그 목적은 세정단계에서 탑내로 주입되는 기체를 가열하여, 탈착단계에서 필요한 열원을 전단계 공정에서 공급함으로서 탈착을 용이하게 하는 공법을 제공하는데 있다.The present invention relates to a strongly adsorptive component adsorptive separation method using heat cleaning, and an object thereof is to heat a gas injected into a column in a washing step, and to provide a method for facilitating desorption by supplying a heat source necessary in a desorption step in a previous step. To provide.
본 발명의 구성은 균압, 가압, 흡착, 감압, 균압, 세정 및 탈착단계의 순서로 나뉘어져 탈착단계에서 배연 및 각종 화학공정 배가스에서 배출되는 이산화탄소나 소화조 발생가스인 메탄 등과 같은 강흡착 성분을 회수하는 흡착분리방법에 있어서,The configuration of the present invention is divided into the order of equalization, pressure, adsorption, decompression, equalization, washing and desorption step to recover the strong adsorption components such as carbon dioxide or methane, which is the gas generated from the flue gas and various chemical process flue gases in the desorption step. In the adsorptive separation method,
탈착단계에서 필요한 열원을 전단계인 세정단계에 공급함으로서 탈착을 용이하게 하도록 세정단계에서 흡착탑내로 주입되는 세정기체를 열교환기를 사용하여 열교환기에 공급된 열원과 세정기체 간을 열교환시켜 가열토록 하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 요지로 한다.Heat exchange between the heat source supplied to the heat exchanger and the cleaning gas by using a heat exchanger for the cleaning gas injected into the adsorption column in the cleaning step to facilitate the desorption by supplying the heat source required in the desorption step to the cleaning step as a previous step. It is the point to do it.
Description
본 발명은 배연 및 각종 화학공정 배가스에서 배출되는 이산화탄소나 소화조 발생가스인 메탄 등과 같은 강흡착 성분을 회수하기 위한 가열세정을 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리방법에 관한 것으로, 세정기체가 열교환기를 통과하도록 하여, 탈착단계에서 강흡착 성분을 효과적으로 회수하기 위한 것이다.The present invention relates to a strongly adsorption component adsorptive separation method using heating and cleaning for recovering strong adsorption components such as carbon dioxide emitted from flue gas and various chemical process flue gases, and methane, which is a gas generated from a digester, to allow a cleaning gas to pass through a heat exchanger. In order to effectively recover the strong adsorption component in the desorption step.
기존의 강흡착 성분을 회수하는 흡착공정은 일반적으로 흡착제에 강흡착 성분을 흡착시켜, 흡착된 성분을 회수하는 공정인 탈착단계가 포함되며, 공정단계 및 순서는 균압, 가압, 흡착, 감압, 균압, 세정 및 탈착단계의 순서로 나뉘어져 있다.Adsorption process for recovering the existing strong adsorption components generally includes a desorption step of adsorbing the strong adsorption components to the adsorbent and recovering the adsorbed components, and the process steps and sequence are equalization, pressure, adsorption, decompression, and pressure equalization. , Cleaning and desorption steps are divided.
목적 생성물인 강흡착 성분은 탈착단계에서 회수한다. The strong adsorption component, the desired product, is recovered in the desorption step.
기체의 흡착현상은 계의 자유에너지가 감소하는 쪽으로 진행되기 때문에, 흡착시 열을 방출하며, 탈착시 열을 흡수한다. Adsorption of gas proceeds toward decreasing the free energy of the system, so it releases heat during adsorption and absorbs heat during desorption.
흡착제에 대한 기체의 흡착량은 온도 증가에 따라 감소하며, 감소의 폭은 흡착되는 기체와 흡착제의 종류별로 달라지게 된다. The amount of adsorption of gas to the adsorbent decreases with increasing temperature, and the extent of the decrease depends on the type of adsorbent gas and the adsorbent.
예를 들어 강흡착 성분인 경우 탑내의 온도증가 폭이 활성탄 흡착탑은 30-40℃ 상승하고, 제올라이트 흡착탑은 40-50℃ 이상 상승한다.For example, in the case of a strong adsorption component, the temperature increase in the column increases in the activated carbon adsorption column 30-40 ° C., and the zeolite adsorption tower in the 40-50 ° C. or more.
흡착 및 세정단계시 흡착에 의해 발생된 열원은 강흡착성분의 흡착을 방해하게 되며, 탈착단계에서 흡수된 열은 흡착탑 내의 온도를 하강시켜, 탈착을 방해한다. The heat source generated by the adsorption in the adsorption and washing step interferes with the adsorption of the strong adsorption component, and the heat absorbed in the desorption step lowers the temperature in the adsorption tower, thereby preventing the desorption.
이러한 탈착의 특성상 탈착단계에서 더 낮은 압력을 유지하기 위해 진공펌프의 동력비 및 고진공을 위한 장치비의 상승이 문제가 된다.Due to the nature of this desorption, the increase in the power ratio of the vacuum pump and the equipment cost for high vacuum is a problem in order to maintain a lower pressure in the desorption step.
기존의 공정에서 흡착, 세정 및 탈착단계에서 발생된 열을 제거하거나, 추가로 공급하는 방법 등으로, 흡착탑을 개조하여 다른 탑과의 열교환을 이용하는 방법, 충전물을 이용하여 열원을 확보하는 방법, 열출입이 용이하도록 흡착탑을 개조하는 방법, 탈착단계시 흡착탑을 직접 가열하는 등의 방법이 있었으나, 장치 제작에 소요 비용이 많이 들고, 효과적인 열교환이 대부분 불가능하였다.In the existing process, by removing or additionally supplying the heat generated during the adsorption, washing and desorption steps, the adsorption tower is adapted to use heat exchange with other towers, a method of securing a heat source using fillers, and heat. There was a method of modifying the adsorption tower to facilitate entry and exit, and a method of directly heating the adsorption tower during the desorption step, but the cost of manufacturing the device was high, and effective heat exchange was almost impossible.
상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 본 발명의 목적은 세정단계에서 탑내로 주입되는 기체를 가열하여, 탈착단계에서 필요한 열원을 전단계 공정에서 공급함으로서 탈착을 용이하게 하는 공법을 제공하는데 있다.An object of the present invention for solving the above problems is to provide a method for heating the gas injected into the tower in the cleaning step, by providing a heat source required in the desorption step in the previous step to facilitate the desorption.
상기와 같은 본 발명의 목적은 세정단계시 흡착탑 내로 주입되는 기체는 열교환기를 통과하여, 일정 온도 이상으로 가열된 세정기체를 흡착탑에 공급함으로써 탈착을 용이하게 하여 진공펌프의 동력비를 줄이며, 회수율을 증가시켜 공정의 경제성을 향상시킨 공법을 제공함으로써 달성된다.The purpose of the present invention as described above is that the gas injected into the adsorption tower during the cleaning step passes through the heat exchanger, supplying the cleaning gas heated to a predetermined temperature to the adsorption tower to facilitate the desorption to reduce the power ratio of the vacuum pump, increase the recovery rate This is achieved by providing a process that improves the economics of the process.
상기한 바와 같은 목적을 달성하고 종래의 결점을 제거하기 위한 과제를 수행하는 본 발명의 구성은 균압, 가압, 흡착, 감압, 균압, 세정 및 탈착단계의 순서로 나뉘어져 탈착단계에서 배연 및 각종 화학공정 배가스에서 배출되는 이산화탄소나 소화조 발생가스인 메탄 등과 같은 강흡착 성분을 회수하는 흡착분리방법에 있어서,The configuration of the present invention to achieve the object as described above and to perform the problem for removing the conventional defects are divided into the order of equalization, pressure, adsorption, decompression, pressure equalization, washing and desorption step, and the flue gas and various chemical processes in the desorption step In the adsorptive separation method for recovering the strong adsorption components such as carbon dioxide discharged from the exhaust gas, methane, etc.
탈착단계에서 필요한 열원을 전단계인 세정단계에 공급함으로서 탈착을 용이하게 하도록 세정단계에서 흡착탑내로 주입되는 세정기체를 열교환기를 사용하여 열교환기에 공급된 열원과 세정기체 간을 열교환시켜 가열토록 하는 단계를 포함한 다.A heat exchanger between the heat source supplied to the heat exchanger and the cleaning gas to be heated by using a heat exchanger for the cleaning gas injected into the adsorption column in the cleaning step to facilitate the desorption by supplying the heat source required in the desorption step to the cleaning step, which is a previous step. All.
상기 열교환기의 열원은 고온의 원료기체, 폐수증기와 같은 간접가열방법이나, 전기히터, 열선을 이용한 직접 가열방법 중 선택하여 사용한다.The heat source of the heat exchanger is selected from an indirect heating method such as a high temperature raw material gas and waste water vapor, or a direct heating method using an electric heater or a heating wire.
또한 균압, 가압, 흡착, 감압, 균압, 세정 및 탈착단계의 순서로 나뉘어져 탈착단계에서 배연 및 각종 화학공정 배가스에서 배출되는 이산화탄소나 소화조 발생가스인 메탄 등과 같은 강흡착 성분을 회수하는 흡착분리방법에 있어서,In addition, it is divided into equal pressure, pressure, adsorption, decompression, pressure equalization, washing and desorption steps, and the adsorptive separation method recovers strong adsorption components such as carbon dioxide discharged from flue gas and various chemical process flue gas and methane, which is gas generated from digestion tank, in desorption step. In
탈착단계에 회수된 기체를 가열하여 다시 탈착 단계가 진행되는 흡착탑에 주입하거나, 세정단계가 진행되는 다른 흡착탑에 가열된 기체를 공급하는 단계를 거치도록 함으로써 일정량은 생성물로 얻으면서, 흡착탑 출구에서 얻어진 기체의 일부분을 흡착탑 상부로 환류시켜 흡착탑 내의 온도를 강제로 변화시켜 회수하는 방법을 포함한다.The gas recovered in the desorption step is heated and injected into the adsorption tower in which the desorption step proceeds, or the heated gas is supplied to another adsorption tower in which the washing step is performed. A portion of the gas is refluxed to the upper portion of the adsorption column to forcibly change the temperature in the adsorption column and recover the method.
이하 본 발명의 실시예인 구성과 그 작용을 첨부도면에 연계시켜 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the configuration and the operation of the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
열교환기(13)에 공급할 열원은 공정의 주변 조건에 따라 다양하게 선정된다. The heat source to be supplied to the heat exchanger 13 is variously selected according to the ambient conditions of the process.
첫째, 보일러나 소각로에서 발생되는 배연가스인 고온 원료기체(14)는 200℃ 이상의 온도로 배출되므로, 흡착탑(11)에 공급하기 위해서는 일정수준 이하의 온도로 냉각하여야 한다. First, since the high temperature raw material gas 14 that is the flue gas generated in the boiler or incinerator is discharged at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, it must be cooled to a temperature below a predetermined level in order to supply to the adsorption tower 11.
도 1 은 고온 원료기체(14)를 열원으로 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기를 도시하고 있는데, 열교환기(13)를 거쳐 배연가스인 고온 원료기체(14)는 일정수준 이하의 온도로 냉각되어 흡착탑으로 유입되며, 세정기체는 일정수준 이상의 온도로 가열되어 다른 탑의 흡착탑(11)으로 유입된다.1 shows a strongly adsorption component adsorption separator using a high temperature raw material gas 14 as a heat source. The high temperature raw material gas 14, which is flue gas, is cooled to a temperature below a predetermined level through a heat exchanger 13, It is introduced, the scrubbing gas is heated to a temperature above a predetermined level is introduced into the adsorption tower 11 of the other tower.
둘째, 원료기체가 상온인 경우에는 폐수증기를 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기를 도시하고 있는 도 2와 같이 폐수증기(16) 등의 열온을 이용하는 방법으로 세정기체만 가열하여 흡착탑에 유입시킨다. Secondly, when the raw material gas is room temperature, only the cleaning gas is heated and introduced into the adsorption tower by using a thermal temperature such as waste water vapor 16 as shown in FIG. 2, which illustrates a strong adsorption component adsorption separator using waste water vapor.
셋째, 적당한 열원이 없는 경우 전기히터 혹은 열선을 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기를 도시하고 있는 도 3과 같이 전기히터(17) 혹은 열선(18)을 이용하여 열교환기(13) 및 세정배관을 직접 가열하여 세정기체의 온도를 상승시키는 방법을 사용한다.Third, in the absence of a suitable heat source, the heat exchanger 13 and the cleaning pipe are directly heated by using the electric heater 17 or the heating wire 18 as shown in FIG. 3, which illustrates a strong adsorption component adsorption separator using an electric heater or a heating wire. To increase the temperature of the cleaning gas.
미설명 부호 15는 저온기체 배출원이고, 12는 진공펌프이다.Reference numeral 15 is a low temperature gas discharge source, and 12 is a vacuum pump.
이러한 방법 등을 이용하면 소규모의 열교환기 장착으로 열교환이 용이하게 이루어지며, 가열된 세정기체는 흡착탑내의 온도분포를 일정수준 이상으로 상승시켜, 탈착시 강흡착 성분의 회수율이 증가한다. By using such a method, a small heat exchanger is installed to facilitate heat exchange, and the heated scrubbing gas increases the temperature distribution in the adsorption column to a predetermined level or more, thereby increasing the recovery rate of the strong adsorption component upon desorption.
가열세정 방법에 따라 회수율도 증가한다. The recovery rate also increases with heating and cleaning methods.
일반적인 다탑공정인 경우, 다탑 공정에서 가열세정을 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기 공정단계도를 도시한 도 4와 같은 공정단계를 거친다.In the case of a general multi-top process, the process step as shown in Figure 4 shows a process step diagram of a strong adsorption component adsorptive separator using heating cleaning in the multi-top process.
탈착단계가 진행되는 동안 회수된 기체는 다른 흡착탑의 세정단계 기체로 일부 사용되고, 나머지는 생성물로 얻게된다. The gas recovered during the desorption step is partly used as scrubbing gas for other adsorption towers and the remainder is obtained as product.
이러한 공법과 다른 방법으로, 탈착단계에서 회수 기체를 가열하여 흡착탑 내로 환류시키는 강흡착 성분 흡착 분리기를 도시하고 있는 도 5와 같은 공정을 구성하면, 탈착단계에 회수된 기체를 가열하여 다시 탈착 단계가 진행되는 흡착탑에 주입하거나, 세정단계가 진행되는 다른 흡착탑에 가열된 기체를 공급한다. 이 공법은 일정량은 생성물로 얻으면서, 흡착탑 출구에서 얻어진 기체의 일부분을 흡착탑 상부로 환류시켜 흡착탑 내의 온도를 강제로 변화시켜 회수하는 방법이다. In a method different from this method, the process shown in FIG. 5, which shows a strongly adsorption component adsorption separator for heating the recovered gas and refluxing it in the adsorption tower in the desorption step, heats the recovered gas in the desorption step and again desorption step is performed. It is injected into the adsorption tower in progress, or heated gas is supplied to another adsorption tower in which the washing step is performed. This method is a method in which a part of the gas obtained at the outlet of the adsorption tower is refluxed to the upper part of the adsorption tower while a certain amount is obtained as a product, and the temperature in the adsorption tower is forcibly changed and recovered.
가열세정 방법에 있어 두 방법 모두 회수율이 증가하며, 공정시간, 탑의 수, 흡착제의 종류, 흡착가스 등에 따라 독립적으로 사용하거나, 혼용하여 사용한다.In the heating and washing method, both methods increase the recovery rate, and may be independently used or mixed depending on the process time, the number of towers, the type of adsorbent, and the adsorbed gas.
본 발명은 상술한 특정의 바람직한 실시예에 한정되지 아니하며, 청구범위에서 청구하는 본 발명의 요지를 벗어남이 없이 당해 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 누구든지 다양한 변형실시가 가능한 것은 물론이고, 그와 같은 변경은 청구범위 기재의 범위 내에 있게 된다. The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific preferred embodiments, and various modifications can be made by any person having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention claimed in the claims. Of course, such changes will fall within the scope of the claims.
상기와 같이 구성된 본 발명은 기존의 강흡착기체에 효과적 회수를 위해 가열세정 공정을 도입함으로써 가열세정 공정에 의해 흡착공정의 가장 중요한 비용인 진공펌프의 동력비를 절감시키며, 회수율을 증가시켜 전체 공정의 생산성 향상과 운전비용을 절감시켜, 산업상, 경제적 이용가치가 기대된다. The present invention configured as described above reduces the power cost of the vacuum pump, which is the most important cost of the adsorption process by the heat cleaning process, by introducing a heating cleaning process for effective recovery to the existing strong adsorption gas, and increases the recovery rate of the entire process. By increasing productivity and reducing operating costs, industrial and economic value is expected.
도 1 은 고온 원료기체를 열원으로 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기이고,1 is a strongly adsorption component adsorption separator using a high temperature raw material gas as a heat source,
도 2 는 폐수증기를 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기이며, 2 is a strong adsorption component adsorption separator using waste water vapor,
도 3 은 전기히터 혹은 열선을 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기이고, 3 is a strong adsorption component adsorption separator using an electric heater or a heating wire,
도 4 는 다탑 공정에서 가열세정을 이용한 강흡착 성분 흡착분리기 공정단계도이며, 4 is a process step diagram of adsorption adsorption separator adsorption using heating washing in a multi-top process,
도 5 는 탈착단계에서 회수 기체를 가열하여 탑내로 환류시키는 강흡착 성분 흡착 분리기이다. 5 is a strongly adsorption component adsorption separator for heating the recovered gas to reflux into the tower in the desorption step.
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
(11) : 흡착탑 (12) : 진공펌프 (11): adsorption tower (12): vacuum pump
(13) : 열교환기 (14) : 고온 원료기체(13): heat exchanger (14): high temperature raw material gas
(15) : 저온기체 배출원 (16) : 폐수증기 (15) Source of low temperature gas (16): Waste water vapor
(17) : 전기히터 (18) : 열선 17: electric heater 18: heating wire
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4770676A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1988-09-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Recovery of methane from land fill gas |
| KR890009450A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-08-02 | 원본미기재 | Adsorption Separation Using Multiple Adsorption Beds |
| KR19980028707A (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-07-15 | 손영목 | Two-stage adsorptive separation process for recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas and its operation method |
| KR20000025254A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-05-06 | 김형벽 | Process for producing high efficient carbon dioxide using reabsorption |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4770676A (en) * | 1986-05-16 | 1988-09-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Recovery of methane from land fill gas |
| KR890009450A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-08-02 | 원본미기재 | Adsorption Separation Using Multiple Adsorption Beds |
| KR19980028707A (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-07-15 | 손영목 | Two-stage adsorptive separation process for recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas and its operation method |
| KR20000025254A (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-05-06 | 김형벽 | Process for producing high efficient carbon dioxide using reabsorption |
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