KR100436984B1 - Waste gas treatment system including odor and VOC - Google Patents

Waste gas treatment system including odor and VOC Download PDF

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KR100436984B1
KR100436984B1 KR10-2001-0014846A KR20010014846A KR100436984B1 KR 100436984 B1 KR100436984 B1 KR 100436984B1 KR 20010014846 A KR20010014846 A KR 20010014846A KR 100436984 B1 KR100436984 B1 KR 100436984B1
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waste gas
biofilter
voc
media
present
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KR20020010452A (en
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정욱진
임종호
박재규
방기연
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정욱진
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84Biological processes
    • B01D53/85Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/01Deodorant compositions
    • A61L9/014Deodorant compositions containing sorbent material, e.g. activated carbon
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2209/00Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L2209/10Apparatus features
    • A61L2209/14Filtering means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 악취와 VOC를 자연여재와 미생물을 이용하여 생물학적으로 정화하기 위한 바이오필터 장치에 관한 것으로 여재내에 산소전달을 극대화하고 압력손실을 줄이며, 빠른 시간 내에 악취와 VOC를 정화하는 특징이 있으며 본 발명의 바이오필터 장치는 자연여재외에도 충전물이나 이와 유사한 물질을 이용하여 구조물을 만들고 이를 통해 바이오필터 내에 산소를 균일하게 공급시켜 혐기성지역을 없애고 여재의 표면적을 최대한 활용할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 미생물에 필요한 산소공급과 폐가스 처리시간의 최소화를 달성하여 운전의 안정성과 운전효율 및 운전비용도 최소화할 수 있는 뛰어난 효과가 있다.The present invention relates to a biofilter device for biologically purifying malodors and VOCs using natural media and microorganisms, maximizing oxygen delivery and reducing pressure loss in media, and purifying malodors and VOCs in a short time. In addition to the natural filter, the biofilter device of the present invention uses a filler or a similar material to form a structure, thereby uniformly supplying oxygen into the biofilter, thereby eliminating anaerobic regions and making the best use of the surface area of the filter medium. By minimizing the supply and waste gas treatment time, there is an excellent effect of minimizing operation stability, operation efficiency and operation cost.

Description

악취와 VOC를 포함하는 폐가스를 처리하기 위한 바이오필터 장치{Waste gas treatment system including odor and VOC}Bio-filter apparatus for treating waste gas containing odor and NOC {Waste gas treatment system including odor and VOC}

본 발명은 폐가스를 처리하기 위한 바이오필터 장치에 간한 것으로 더욱 상세하게는, 본원 발명은 자연여재와 미생물을 이용하여 악취와 VOC를 포함하는 폐가스를 생물학적으로 정화하기 위한 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a biofilter device for treating waste gas, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a device for biologically purifying waste gas including odor and VOC using natural media and microorganisms.

본 발명은 자연여재의 산소전달을 극대화하고 압력손실을 줄이며, 빠른 시간 내에 악취와 VOC를 정화하는데 그 특징이 있다.The present invention is characterized by maximizing oxygen transfer and reducing pressure loss of natural media and purifying odors and VOCs in a short time.

종래에도 악취와 VOC 처리를 위한 선행기술이 공지된 바 있다.(Matthias Schoen, Renate Huebner: Geruch Messung und Beseitigung, Vogel Buchsverlag, S. 169, 1996.) 이는 독일에서 사용되어지고 있는 바이오필터 장치이며, 이러한 장치 는 폐가스가 반응조 하부에서 유입되어져 단순히 일단으로 이루어진 여재를 통과하는 방식이다.Previously, prior art for treating odor and VOC has been known. (Matthias Schoen, Renate Huebner: Geruch Messung und Beseitigung, Vogel Buchsverlag, S. 169, 1996.) This is a biofilter device used in Germany, Such a device is a method in which waste gas flows in from the lower part of the reactor and simply passes through a single filter medium.

상기 종래방식에서는 폐가스의 함수율이 약 90% 보다 현저히 낮다면 미생물에 필요한 수분이 부족하여 여재가 건조하게 되어지고 만약 함수율이 100% 이상으로 높다면 반응조 하단에 과잉의 Biofilm 이 형성되어져 막힘 현상이 발생하는 문제가 있었다. 즉, 폐가스의 조성조건에 따라 수분조절이 어렵다는 것이다. 그리고 폐가스 속에 분진이 많이 함유되어져 있다면 이 또한 반응조 하단에 바이오필터 여재의 막힘 현상을 유발하는 문제가 있었다. 이 밖에도 이 방식은 여재의 압밀상태로 압력손실이 높고 처리속도가 느려 반응조의 체적이 커져 시설비와 운전비가 많이 소요된다는 문제점도 지적되고 있다. 만일, 이러한 바이오필터의 여재가 나뭇가지와 같이 공극율이 크지 않는 분변토나 퇴비를 사용하게 된다면 여재의 관로현상이 일어나 일정한 시간이 경과하면 그 처리효율이 떨어지고 주기적으로 여재를 교체하거나 뒤집어 주어야 하는 번거로움이 있다는 문제점도 있었다.In the conventional method, if the moisture content of the waste gas is significantly lower than about 90%, the filter medium is dried due to lack of moisture required for microorganisms, and if the moisture content is higher than 100%, excess biofilm is formed at the bottom of the reactor to cause clogging. There was a problem. That is, it is difficult to control the moisture according to the composition conditions of the waste gas. And if there is a lot of dust in the waste gas also had a problem causing the clogging of the biofilter media at the bottom of the reactor. In addition, this method has been pointed out that the pressure of the consolidation state of the filter medium is high and the processing speed is slow, resulting in a large volume of the reactor and a large amount of facility and operation costs. If the biofilter media uses fecal soil or compost that does not have a large porosity, such as tree branches, the pipe phenomena of the media will occur, and after a certain time, the treatment efficiency will decrease, and the media must be replaced or turned over periodically. There was a problem with this.

또 다른 종래기술로서 악취와 VOC 처리를 위한 선행기술은 환경부가 발간한 최종보고서(1999. 1, 악취공해저감을 위한 생물학적 유황계 혼합취기물질 제거기술개발, 우송대학교 산업연구소)를 들 수 있다. 이는 한국에서 개발한 바이오필터로서 공지되었다. 이 연구보고서에 의하면 바이오필터 미생물 담체재료로서 다공성 세라믹을 사용하고 있다. 이러한 재료는 흡수률과 기공성이 높고, 내화학성이 우수하며, 장기간 사용에도 안정할 뿐 아니라 미생물과의 친화성이 우수하고 비표면적의 극대화가 가능한 특성을 가지고 있다. 그러나 그 단점으로서는 담체에 미생물에 필요한 영양물질이 없기 때문에 외부에서 질소, 인, 미량원소 등을 주입해야 하는 공정상의 복잡함과 이러한 영양물질과 폐가스속의 탄소성분과의 물지수지 평형이 유지되지 못하면 필요하지 않는 과잉의 미생물이 성장하여 바이오필림(Biofilm) 이 형성되어져 담체의 막힘현상을 유발시킨다는 문제점이 지적되고 있다. 이로 인해 여재의 압력손실이 높아지고 결국 여재내에 관로현상이 생겨 급격스럽게 효율을 저하시킬 수 있다는 문제점이 있다.Another prior art for the treatment of odor and VOC is the final report published by the Ministry of Environment (January 1999, Development of mixed biological sulfur-based odor removal technology for reducing odor pollution, Industrial Research Institute of Woosong University). This is known as a biofilter developed in Korea. According to this report, porous ceramics are used as biofilter microbial carrier materials. These materials have high absorption rate, high porosity, excellent chemical resistance, stable to long-term use, excellent affinity with microorganisms, and maximize the specific surface area. However, the disadvantage is that the carrier does not have the necessary nutrients for microorganisms, so it is not necessary unless the balance of process of injecting nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements from the outside and the balance of water balance between these nutrients and carbon in waste gas are not maintained. It is pointed out that excessive microorganisms do not grow to form a biofilm, which causes clogging of the carrier. As a result, the pressure loss of the filter medium is increased, and eventually, a pipeline phenomenon occurs in the filter medium, and thus, there is a problem in that the efficiency may be sharply lowered.

본 발명은 상술한 선행기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출한 것으로,The present invention has been made to solve the above problems of the prior art,

본 발명의 목적은 바이오필터 내에 수분조절장치를 설치하고 충전물이나 이와 유사한 물질을 이용하여 구조물을 만든 다음 이를 통해 여재에 서식하는 미생물에 필요한 수분의 공급하고 상기 바이오필터 내에 산소의 균일한 공급과 압력손실을 최소화시키며, 여재의 표면적을 최대한 활용함으로서 운전의 안정성과 운전효율의 극대화 그리고 나아가서는 운전비용을 최소화 하는데 있다.An object of the present invention is to install a moisture control device in the biofilter and to make a structure using a filler or similar material and then supply the necessary water to the microorganisms inhabiting the media through the uniform supply and pressure of oxygen in the biofilter By minimizing the loss and maximizing the surface area of the media, it maximizes the stability of operation and the efficiency of operation and further minimizes the operation cost.

본 발명의 또 다른 목적은 여재의 관로현상을 방지하고 혐기성지역을 없애며 자연여재에 함유된 영양물질을 이용하여 외부에서 별도로 공급하지 않으면서 미생물에게 제공할 수 있으며, 악취와 VOC등 폐가스와 바이오필터 여재의 생물학적 반응확율과 반응효율을 극대화하여 처리시간을 단축하는데 있다.Another object of the present invention is to prevent the pipe phenomena of the filter medium, to eliminate anaerobic regions, and to provide microorganisms without using a nutrient contained in the natural filter from the outside, separately, waste gas and biofilters such as odor and VOC It is to shorten the treatment time by maximizing the biological reaction probability and reaction efficiency of the media.

이하, 본 발명의 구체적인 구성을 실시예를 통하여 설명하지만, 본 발명의 권리범위는 이에만 제한되지 않는다.Hereinafter, the specific configuration of the present invention will be described through examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

도 1은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 보인 바이오필터(Biofilter)의 사용상태를 나타낸다.1 shows a state of use of a biofilter showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

도 2a와 2b는 본 발명에 따른 바이오필터 각 단의 충진물과 여재를 혼합한 것을 나타낸 실시예를 보인 것이다.Figure 2a and 2b shows an embodiment showing a mixture of the filler and the media of each stage of the biofilter according to the present invention.

도 3은 본 발명에 따른 Biofilter 기본원리를 설명한 그림이다.3 is a diagram illustrating the basic principle of Biofilter according to the present invention.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명 *Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1 : 송풍기 2 : 폐가스유입관1: blower 2: waste gas inlet pipe

3 : 폐가스 4 : 바이오필터 단3: waste gas 4: biofilter stage

5 : 열 교환기 6 : 수분공급장치5: heat exchanger 6: moisture supply device

7 : 정화가스 8 : 충진물7: purification gas 8: filling

본 발명의 상기 목적은 도1 에서 도시한 바와 같은 바이오필터 반응조 (Biofilter reaction tank)내에 폐가스의 유입방식은 하부에서 상부로 이동하는 방식을 보인 바람직한 실시예이다.The above object of the present invention is a preferred embodiment showing the way in which the waste gas inlet in the biofilter reaction tank as shown in Figure 1 moves from bottom to top.

폐가스가 하부에서 상부로 이동할 때 바이오필터 여재(4)의 수분조절을 하기 위하여 반응조 하단에 물을 채우기 위한 수분공급장치(6)가 설치되며 폐가스(3) 유입관(2)이 수표면으로 향하게 설치하고 열교환기(5)를 통해 수분이 증발하여 폐가스(3)와 더불어 수분이 공급되게끔 한다. 미생물이 생육하기에 적합한 온도수준 (10∼40℃)으로 유지 할수 있다. 한편, 폐가스(3) 속에 함유되어진 분진이 수표면과 접촉하여 제거되게끔 유도하여 가능한 바이오필터 단(4)의 여재의 표면에 분진이 쌓여 막힘현상이 발생하는 것을 억제시킨다. 수표면을 일정하게 유지하기 위하여 수위조절장치(미도시)를 설치할 수 있다.When the waste gas moves from the lower part to the upper part, a water supply device 6 is provided at the bottom of the reactor for water control of the biofilter media 4, and the waste gas 3 inlet pipe 2 faces the water surface. The water is evaporated through the heat exchanger 5 so that the water is supplied together with the waste gas 3. It can be maintained at a temperature level (10-40 ℃) suitable for microorganisms to grow. On the other hand, the dust contained in the waste gas (3) is induced to be removed in contact with the water surface to suppress the clogging phenomenon by the accumulation of dust on the surface of the filter medium of the biofilter stage (4) possible. A level control device (not shown) may be installed to keep the water surface constant.

그리고, 본 발명은 미생물에 필요한 산소공급과 처리시간의 최소화를 달성하기 위하여 도 2의 실시예에서 보는 바와 같이 바이오필터(Biofilter) 각 단에 자연여재(4)와 더불어 충진물(8)을 일정한 배열 또는 불균일한 배열로 채운다. 이와 같은 구성으로 된 본 발명은 반응조 하부에 설치된 송풍기(1)에 의하여 악취 및 VOC 처리시간, 운전비용을 최소화하고 운전효율과 공정의 안정성을 최대한 확보할 수 있는 장점이 있다.In addition, the present invention provides a constant arrangement of the filler 8 together with the natural filter 4 at each stage of the biofilter as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2 to achieve the minimization of oxygen supply and processing time required for the microorganism. Or fill with a non-uniform array. The present invention having such a configuration has the advantage of minimizing odor and VOC processing time, operating cost by the blower (1) installed in the lower part of the reaction tank and to ensure the maximum operating efficiency and stability of the process.

즉, 본 발명에서 사용하는 자연여재(4)는 나무껍질, 나무토막, 나뭇가지 등을 사용하고 충진물(8)로서는 폴링(Pall Ring), 하이플로우링(High Flow Ring)을 사용하여 균일하게 또는 분균일하게 혼합시켜 사용하므로서 달성된다.That is, the natural filter material 4 used in the present invention uses bark, wood chips, tree branches, and the like, and the filling material 8 is uniformly using a falling ring or a high flow ring. Achieved by uniformly mixing and using.

또한, 바이오필터는 일단 이상 설치하며 단과 단 사이는 폐가스가 균일하게 혼합하기 적합한 간격을 유지한다. 그리고, 바이오필터의 각 단(4)의 자연여재에는 미생물을 접종하며 이때 사용할 수 있는 미생물은 주로 Bacillus속, Pseudomonas속의 호기성 또는 편성혐기성 미생물이 바람직하다.In addition, the biofilter is installed more than once, and the interval between the stages and the stage to maintain a suitable interval for uniform mixing of the waste gas. In addition, microorganisms are inoculated into the natural media of each stage 4 of the biofilter. The microorganisms that can be used at this time are preferably aerobic or organotropic microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas.

이상과 같이 구성된 본 발명의 악취 및 VOC 처리장치는 도 3에서 예시한 바와 같이 공기 속에 함유된 악취 및 VOC 가 바이오필터에서 제거되는 경로를 통해 설명할 수 있다. 먼저, 기체상의 악취나 VOC가 바이오필터 자연여재 표면의 수막에 물리적인 충돌 (흡착)이 일어난 다음 상기 여재의 수막에서 용해 (흡수)되어져 순양된 미생물에 의해 분해 제거되어진다. 미생물들은 악취 및 VOC 화학물질을 주기질로 하여 이들을 산화시켜 에너지를 얻거나 CO2, H2O, 무기염 기타 바이오메스( Biomass)로 전환시킨다. 이때 필요한 공기는 송풍기(1)에 의해 공급되고 정화가스(7)를 상부로 이동 배출된다. 악취를 일으키는 물질의 특성은 인간이 코를 통해 악취를 인식하는 원리와 같이 수용성 및 지용성이다. 이러한 사실에 따라 바이오필터를 통하여 악취가 제거되는 것이다.The malodor and VOC treatment apparatus of the present invention configured as described above can be described through a path through which the malodor and VOC contained in the air are removed from the biofilter as illustrated in FIG. 3. First, gaseous odors or VOCs are physically impinged (adsorbed) on the water film on the surface of the biofilter natural filter material, and then dissolved (absorbed) in the water film of the filter material and decomposed and removed by the cultivated microorganisms. Microorganisms use odors and VOC chemicals as a periodic substance to oxidize them for energy or to convert them into CO 2 , H 2 O, inorganic salts and other biomass. At this time, the necessary air is supplied by the blower (1) and the purge gas (7) is moved upward and discharged. Odor-causing substances are water soluble and fat-soluble, as is the principle of human perception of odor through the nose. According to this fact, odor is removed through the biofilter.

이상 설명한 바와 같이 본원 발명은 자연여재와 미생물을 이용하여 생물학적으로 악취와 VOC를 정화할 수 있는 바이오필터 장치를 제공하는 효과가 있으므로 폐가스처리산업 및 환경정화산업상 매우 유용한 발명인 것이다.As described above, the present invention has an effect of providing a biofilter device capable of purifying odors and VOCs biologically using natural media and microorganisms.

Claims (3)

나무껍질, 나무토막, 나뭇가지 중에서 선택된 자연여재(4)와 악취 및 VOC를 함유한 폐가스가 상기 여재내에 균일하게 분포하고 관로현상과 압력손실을 감소시키기 위한 폴링(Pall Ring), 하이플로우링(Highflow Ring)중에서 선택되는 충진물(8)이 균일 또는 불균일하게 혼합되어 일단 이상으로 설치된 바이오필터 단(4)과; 공기의 유입이 바이오필터 반응조(A) 하부에서 상부로 흐르게 하고 상기 반응조(A)내에 공기를 하부에서 상부로 유입시키는 폐가스 유입관(2)으로 구성되고;Natural filter (4) selected from bark, wood chips, and branches, waste gas containing malodor and VOC is uniformly distributed in the filter media, and the ring (Pall Ring) and high-flowing to reduce pipeline phenomenon and pressure loss. A biofilter stage 4 in which the filler 8 selected from the high flow ring is uniformly or non-uniformly mixed and installed at least once; An inflow of air flows from the lower part of the biofilter reactor A to the upper part and consists of a waste gas inlet pipe 2 for introducing the air from the lower part to the upper part of the reaction tank A; 상기 자연여재(4)에는 호기성 또는 편성 혐기성 미생물이 접종되고,The natural filter (4) is inoculated with aerobic or knitted anaerobic microorganisms, 상기 바이오필터 단과 단 사이 악취와 VOC를 함유한 폐가스가 균일하게 혼합되게 하기 위해 일정한 간격을 두고 설치하고, 수분공급과 분진제거를 위해 상기 폐가스 유입관(2)이 상기 반응조(A) 하단에 위치한 수표면 방향으로 향하게 설치된 것을 특징으로 하는 악취와 VOC를 포함하는 폐가스 처리를 위한 바이오필터 장치.Installed at regular intervals to uniformly mix the odor and the VOC containing waste gas between the biofilter stage and the stage, and the waste gas inlet pipe (2) is located at the bottom of the reactor (A) for water supply and dust removal. Biofilter device for the treatment of waste gas comprising a malodor and VOC characterized in that installed toward the water surface direction. 삭제delete 삭제delete
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Citations (6)

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JPS60125227A (en) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-04 Kiichiro Sarui Microbiological treatment of malodorous gas by fine wooden piece
JPH03123621A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-05-27 Kubota Corp Biological deodorization apparatus
JPH0515730A (en) * 1991-07-12 1993-01-26 Kajima Corp Biological deodorizing apparatus
JPH06154546A (en) * 1992-11-17 1994-06-03 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Biological smell deodorizing device
JPH10244126A (en) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-14 Nesutaa:Kk Deodoring device using microorganisms
JPH11165029A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-22 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd Packed tower type biological deodorizing device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60125227A (en) * 1983-12-13 1985-07-04 Kiichiro Sarui Microbiological treatment of malodorous gas by fine wooden piece
JPH03123621A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-05-27 Kubota Corp Biological deodorization apparatus
JPH0515730A (en) * 1991-07-12 1993-01-26 Kajima Corp Biological deodorizing apparatus
JPH06154546A (en) * 1992-11-17 1994-06-03 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Biological smell deodorizing device
JPH10244126A (en) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-14 Nesutaa:Kk Deodoring device using microorganisms
JPH11165029A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-22 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd Packed tower type biological deodorizing device

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