JPWO2012008115A1 - Immersion type membrane filtration unit and immersion type membrane filtration device - Google Patents

Immersion type membrane filtration unit and immersion type membrane filtration device Download PDF

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JPWO2012008115A1
JPWO2012008115A1 JP2012524417A JP2012524417A JPWO2012008115A1 JP WO2012008115 A1 JPWO2012008115 A1 JP WO2012008115A1 JP 2012524417 A JP2012524417 A JP 2012524417A JP 2012524417 A JP2012524417 A JP 2012524417A JP WO2012008115 A1 JPWO2012008115 A1 JP WO2012008115A1
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fixing member
membrane
filtration
hollow fiber
lower fixing
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康二 福本
康二 福本
茂英 平田
茂英 平田
津澤　正樹
正樹 津澤
昭彦 猪俣
昭彦 猪俣
洋士 山本
洋士 山本
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/026—Wafer type modules or flat-surface type modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/54—Modularity of membrane module elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

多数の中空糸膜の束を上側固定部材及び下側固定部材の間に平面状に固定した濾過膜モジュールを有する浸漬型膜濾過ユニットにおいて、エアースクラビング洗浄の効果を妨げることなく、曝気動力の低減を図るために、浸漬型膜濾過ユニットにおける濾過膜モジュール（１０）を以下のように配する。中空糸膜（１１）を固定する上側固定部材（２１）と下側固定部材（２２）との間の距離Ｄ＝１１５０ｍｍ、中空糸膜（１１）の最大長さＬ＝１１８５ｍｍである濾過膜モジュール（１０）を、中空糸膜（１１）を固定する複数の下側固定部材（２２）の厚さｄ＝３０ｍｍとし、下側固定部材（２２）の厚さ方向の中央に幅ａ＝約２０ｍｍで中空糸膜（１１）の束を固定する。下側固定部材（２２）の厚さ方向の両側の中空糸膜（１１）が存在しない部分の幅ｂ＝５ｍｍとし、更に、隣接する下側固定部材（２２）の間の距離ｃ＝３〜７ｍｍに設定する。Reduction of aeration power without impeding the effect of air scrubbing cleaning in a submerged membrane filtration unit having a filtration membrane module in which a bundle of many hollow fiber membranes is fixed in a plane between an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member Therefore, the filtration membrane module (10) in the submerged membrane filtration unit is arranged as follows. A filtration membrane module in which the distance D between the upper fixing member (21) and the lower fixing member (22) for fixing the hollow fiber membrane (11) is D = 1150 mm, and the maximum length L of the hollow fiber membrane (11) is L = 1185 mm. (10) is the thickness d = 30 mm of the plurality of lower fixing members (22) for fixing the hollow fiber membrane (11), and the width a = about 20 mm at the center in the thickness direction of the lower fixing member (22). To fix the bundle of hollow fiber membranes (11). The width b of the part where the hollow fiber membranes (11) on both sides in the thickness direction of the lower fixing member (22) do not exist is set to 5 mm, and the distance c between the adjacent lower fixing members (22) is 3 to 3 Set to 7 mm.

Description

本発明は浸漬型膜濾過ユニット及び浸漬型膜濾過装置に関し、より詳細には、気泡によるスクラビング洗浄の効率を維持しつつ小型化及び省エネルギー化を図った浸漬型膜濾過ユニット、及びこれを用いた浸漬型膜濾過装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an immersion type membrane filtration unit and an immersion type membrane filtration device, and more specifically, an immersion type membrane filtration unit that achieves miniaturization and energy saving while maintaining the efficiency of scrubbing cleaning with bubbles, and the same. The present invention relates to a submerged membrane filtration apparatus.

近年、飲料水製造、浄水処理、排水処理などの水処理分野において、水中の浮遊物の濾過や不純物の除去に有効な中空糸膜を用いた浸漬型膜濾過ユニットからなる濾過装置が用いられるようになってきている。また、食品工業の分野においては、発酵に用いた酵母の分離除去や液体の濃縮を目的として、中空糸膜を用いた装置が用いられている。中空糸膜を用いたこれらの装置を使用することにより、少ないエネルギーで水の再生、濾過、濃縮等を行うことができるので、近時の省エネルギーによる地球温暖化防止の観点からも、注目を集めている。   In recent years, in the field of water treatment such as drinking water production, water purification treatment, wastewater treatment, etc., a filtration device comprising a submerged membrane filtration unit using a hollow fiber membrane effective for filtration of suspended matters in water and removal of impurities has been used. It is becoming. In the field of food industry, devices using hollow fiber membranes are used for the purpose of separating and removing yeasts used for fermentation and concentrating liquids. By using these devices that use hollow fiber membranes, water can be regenerated, filtered, concentrated, etc. with less energy, attracting attention from the standpoint of preventing global warming through recent energy savings. ing.

このような浸漬型膜濾過ユニットは、図１に示すように、多数の中空糸膜１１を束ねて上側固定部材２１及び下側固定部材２２の間に平面状に固定した濾過膜モジュール１０を有しており、この濾過膜モジュール１０を更に複数枚使用することにより濾過ユニット１が構成されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, such a submerged membrane filtration unit has a filtration membrane module 10 in which a number of hollow fiber membranes 11 are bundled and fixed in a planar shape between an upper fixing member 21 and a lower fixing member 22. The filtration unit 1 is configured by using a plurality of the filtration membrane modules 10.

図３（ａ）は濾過膜モジュール１０を備えた濾過ユニット１を模式的に表しており、囲繞ケーシング１４の内側には、図３（ｂ）に示す数枚の濾過膜モジュール１０が収められている。各濾過膜モジュール１０は一定の間隔で並べられている。囲繞ケーシング１４の下部には、濾過膜モジュール１０の間に曝気用の気泡を供給するための曝気パイプ１６が設けられている。曝気パイプ１６からの気泡により、囲繞ケーシング１４内に下方から上方に抜ける水流が発生するとともに、中空糸膜１１のエアースクラビング洗浄が行われる。このような濾過ユニット１は、単独又は複数並べて汚泥水等の汚水を貯留する水槽に浸漬される。汚水に含まれる水は、濾過膜モジュール１０の多数の中空糸膜１１の管壁を通過することにより、浄化された処理水となる。浄化後の処理水は集められ、再利用等に供されることになる。   FIG. 3A schematically shows the filtration unit 1 including the filtration membrane module 10, and several filtration membrane modules 10 shown in FIG. 3B are housed inside the surrounding casing 14. Yes. The filtration membrane modules 10 are arranged at regular intervals. An aeration pipe 16 for supplying air bubbles for aeration is provided between the filtration membrane modules 10 at the lower part of the surrounding casing 14. Air bubbles from the aeration pipe 16 cause a water flow to flow upward from the lower side in the surrounding casing 14 and air scrubbing cleaning of the hollow fiber membrane 11 is performed. Such a filtration unit 1 is immersed in the water tank which stores sewage, such as sludge water, individually or in a line. The water contained in the sewage passes through the tube walls of the numerous hollow fiber membranes 11 of the filtration membrane module 10 to become purified treated water. The treated water after purification is collected and reused.

このような濾過ユニット１では、継続運転により中空糸膜１１の表面に固形物が次第に堆積してくる。このような堆積物を除去するため、上述のようにエアースクラビング洗浄が行われる。このエアースクラビング洗浄時の曝気動力は、漬型膜濾過装置の全体の消費動力において大きな割合を占めており、従って、エアースクラビング洗浄の効率を改善すれば曝気動力の低減を図ることができ、浸漬型膜濾過装置の消費動力の低減に大きく寄与すると考えられる。   In such a filtration unit 1, solid matter gradually accumulates on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 11 by continuous operation. In order to remove such deposits, air scrubbing cleaning is performed as described above. The aeration power at the time of air scrubbing cleaning accounts for a large proportion of the overall power consumption of the submerged membrane filtration device. Therefore, if the efficiency of the air scrubbing cleaning is improved, the aeration power can be reduced and the immersion power can be reduced. This is considered to contribute greatly to the reduction of power consumption of the mold membrane filtration device.

エアースクラビング洗浄の効率を改善するために、中空糸膜を固定する上下のボンディング部に貫通孔を設けること（特許文献１）や、膜洗浄時に中空糸膜の束の充填密度を下げること（特許文献２）が検討されているが、洗浄時の曝気動力の十分な低減には至っていないのが実情である。   In order to improve the efficiency of air scrubbing cleaning, through holes are provided in the upper and lower bonding parts for fixing the hollow fiber membrane (Patent Document 1), and the packing density of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes is lowered during the membrane cleaning (patent Reference 2) has been studied, but the actual situation is that the aeration power during cleaning has not been sufficiently reduced.

図１に示す平面状に中空糸膜を並べた濾過膜モジュール１０を多数枚用いた濾過ユニット１の場合、洗浄時の曝気動力を低減するために、隣接する濾過膜モジュール１０間の間隔を小さく設定することが考えられる。濾過膜モジュール１０間の間隔が小さいと、濾過ユニット１の設置面積（水平断面積）が小さくなり中空糸膜１１の単位設置面積あたりの密度が大きくなるため、同じ曝気風量でも曝気効率が向上し、結果としてエアースクラビング洗浄時の曝気動力を低減させることができる。   In the case of the filtration unit 1 using a large number of filtration membrane modules 10 in which hollow fiber membranes are arranged in a planar shape as shown in FIG. 1, in order to reduce the aeration power at the time of cleaning, the interval between adjacent filtration membrane modules 10 is reduced. It is possible to set. When the interval between the filtration membrane modules 10 is small, the installation area (horizontal cross-sectional area) of the filtration unit 1 is reduced and the density per unit installation area of the hollow fiber membrane 11 is increased, so that the aeration efficiency is improved even with the same aeration air volume. As a result, the aeration power at the time of air scrubbing cleaning can be reduced.

しかし、濾過膜モジュール１０間の間隔を極端に小さく設定すると、曝気パイプ１６から供給される気泡は濾過膜モジュール１０の間を上昇せず、囲繞ケーシング１４と濾過膜モジュール１０との間を上昇してしまい、更には、気泡が囲繞ケーシング１４の外側を通過してしまい、エアースクラビング洗浄の効果が大きく低下してしまうことになる。また、汚水中に存在する夾雑物が上下の固定部材２１及び２２や中空糸膜１１に絡まってスクラビング洗浄を妨げ、洗浄不良等のトラブルを引き起こすことがある。このような夾雑物を除去するために、通常、汚水は予め１ｍｍ程度の間隔のバースクリーンを通した後に濾過装置に供給される。しかし、バースクリーンを設けても夾雑物は完全には除去され得ないため、濾過膜モジュール１０間の間隔によっては、固定部材２１及び２２や中空糸膜１１に絡まってスクラビング洗浄が妨げられることになる。このようなことを考慮して、濾過膜モジュール１０間の間隔は１２ｍｍ程度の必要以上に大きな値に設定されており、そのためエアースクラビング洗浄に多量のエアーが必要となり、曝気動力の低減効果を大きくすることはできないのが実情である。   However, if the interval between the filtration membrane modules 10 is set to be extremely small, bubbles supplied from the aeration pipe 16 do not rise between the filtration membrane modules 10 and rise between the surrounding casing 14 and the filtration membrane module 10. In addition, the air bubbles pass outside the outer casing 14 and the effect of air scrubbing cleaning is greatly reduced. In addition, contaminants present in the sewage may be entangled with the upper and lower fixing members 21 and 22 and the hollow fiber membrane 11 to prevent scrubbing cleaning and cause troubles such as poor cleaning. In order to remove such impurities, the sewage is usually supplied to the filtration device after passing through a bar screen having an interval of about 1 mm in advance. However, since the contaminants cannot be completely removed even if the bar screen is provided, the scrubbing cleaning is hindered by being entangled with the fixing members 21 and 22 and the hollow fiber membrane 11 depending on the interval between the filtration membrane modules 10. Become. Considering this, the distance between the filtration membrane modules 10 is set to a value larger than necessary, such as about 12 mm. Therefore, a large amount of air is required for air scrubbing cleaning, and the effect of reducing aeration power is greatly increased. The fact is that we cannot do it.

国際公開ＷＯ２００７／０４００３５号International Publication WO 2007/040035 特開平９−２６２４４３JP-A-9-262443

従って、本発明は、多数の中空糸膜の束を上側固定部材及び下側固定部材の間に平面状に固定した濾過膜モジュールにおいて、エアースクラビング洗浄の効果を妨げることなく、濾過膜モジュール１０間の間隔を小さく設定することにより、濾過膜ユニットを小型化し、膜濾過における曝気動力の低減して、省エネルギーを図ることを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention provides a filtration membrane module in which a bundle of a large number of hollow fiber membranes is fixed between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member in a plane, without interfering with the effect of the air scrubbing cleaning. It is an object of the present invention to reduce the size of the filtration membrane unit and reduce the aeration power in the membrane filtration to save energy by setting the interval between the two to be small.

本発明の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットは、多数の中空糸膜の束を上側固定部材及び下側固定部材の間に平面状に固定した複数の濾過膜モジュールと、該複数の濾過膜モジュールを取り囲む囲繞ケーシングと、該複数の濾過膜モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する曝気パイプとを有する浸漬型膜濾過ユニットであって、隣接する濾過膜モジュール間の間隔が３〜７ｍｍの範囲であることを特徴とする。   The submerged membrane filtration unit according to the present invention includes a plurality of filtration membrane modules in which a bundle of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes is fixed in a plane between an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member, and a surrounding that surrounds the plurality of filtration membrane modules. A submerged membrane filtration unit having a casing and an aeration pipe for supplying air bubbles from below the plurality of filtration membrane modules, wherein an interval between adjacent filtration membrane modules is in a range of 3 to 7 mm. To do.

ここで、中空糸膜の弛みが大きいほど中空糸膜が大きく揺れ動くため、この弛みが大きいほどエアースクラビング洗浄の効果は高くなると考えられる。しかし、中空糸膜の弛みが大きすぎると、図２に示すように、気泡により生じる水流が矢印２４に示すように濾過膜モジュール１０の側方に逸れてしまい、図２の符号２５で示す領域では水流が弱くなってしまう。その結果、エアースクラビング洗浄の効果が低くなり、汚泥などの汚れが洗浄されずに付着したまま残存する。この汚れはさらに成長し、最終的には濾過に支障をきたす。   Here, since the hollow fiber membrane swings greatly as the slack of the hollow fiber membrane increases, it is considered that the effect of air scrubbing washing increases as the slack increases. However, if the slack of the hollow fiber membrane is too large, as shown in FIG. 2, the water flow generated by the bubbles is displaced to the side of the filtration membrane module 10 as indicated by the arrow 24, and the region indicated by reference numeral 25 in FIG. 2. Then the water flow becomes weak. As a result, the effect of air scrubbing cleaning is reduced, and dirt such as sludge remains without being cleaned. This soil grows further and eventually impedes filtration.

従って、中空糸膜の弛みは適度であることが好ましい。また、上側固定部材及び下側固定部材間の距離が大きいほど、中空糸膜の弛みが小さいことが好ましい。具体的には、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間の距離をＤ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間に固定される中空糸膜の長さをＬとした場合、５００ｍｍ≦Ｄ≦１０００ｍｍの場合には、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９６であることが好ましく、１０００ｍｍ＜Ｄ≦１５００ｍｍの場合には、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９７であることが好ましく、１５００ｍｍ＜Ｄ≦２０００ｍｍの場合には、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９８であることが好ましく、２０００ｍｍ＜Ｄ≦３０００ｍｍの場合には、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９９であることが好ましい。   Accordingly, it is preferable that the hollow fiber membrane is moderately slack. Moreover, it is preferable that the looseness of the hollow fiber membrane is smaller as the distance between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is larger. Specifically, when the distance between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is D, and the length of the hollow fiber membrane fixed between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is L, 500 mm ≦ In the case of D ≦ 1000 mm, D / L ≧ 0.96 is preferable, and in the case of 1000 mm <D ≦ 1500 mm, D / L ≧ 0.97 is preferable, and 1500 mm <D ≦ 2000 mm. In this case, D / L ≧ 0.98 is preferable, and in the case of 2000 mm <D ≦ 3000 mm, D / L ≧ 0.99 is preferable.

また、上記においては、隣接する濾過膜モジュール間において、隣接する濾過膜モジュール間の距離をｃ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材のそれぞれにおける厚さ方向における端面から中空糸膜の固定位置までの距離をｂとした場合に、２ｂ＋ｃ＝１３〜１７ｍｍであることが好ましい。この２ｂ＋ｃの値は、中空糸膜に弛みが生じていないとした場合における隣接する浸漬型膜濾過ユニットの中空糸膜間の距離を表している。   Further, in the above, between the adjacent filtration membrane modules, the distance between the adjacent filtration membrane modules is c, and the fixing position of the hollow fiber membrane from the end surface in the thickness direction of each of the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member When the distance up to b is b, 2b + c = 13 to 17 mm is preferable. The value of 2b + c represents the distance between the hollow fiber membranes of adjacent submerged membrane filtration units when the hollow fiber membrane is not slack.

更に、本発明の浸漬型膜濾過装置は、上記何れかの浸漬型膜濾過ユニットを複数備えたことを特徴とする。   Furthermore, the submerged membrane filtration apparatus of the present invention is characterized by comprising a plurality of any of the submerged membrane filtration units described above.

本発明の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットでは、隣接する濾過膜モジュールの中空糸膜の固定位置の間の最近接距離が３〜７ｍｍの範囲に設定されているため、曝気パイプから供給される気泡は複数の濾過膜モジュールの間を下方から上方に向かって上昇し、エアースクラビング洗浄の効果が妨げられることはない。しかも、夾雑物の中空糸膜への絡まりは発生しない。更に、従来の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットよりも断面積を小さくすることができるので、エアースクラビング洗浄時の曝気動力の低減を図ることが可能となっている。   In the submerged membrane filtration unit of the present invention, since the closest distance between the fixing positions of the hollow fiber membranes of adjacent filtration membrane modules is set in the range of 3 to 7 mm, a plurality of bubbles are supplied from the aeration pipe. As a result, the air membrane scrubbing cleaning effect is not hindered. Moreover, the entanglement of the foreign matter into the hollow fiber membrane does not occur. Furthermore, since the cross-sectional area can be made smaller than that of a conventional submerged membrane filtration unit, it is possible to reduce aeration power during air scrubbing cleaning.

本発明及び従来の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットに使用される濾過膜モジュールを模式的に示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows typically the filtration membrane module used for this invention and the conventional immersion type membrane filtration unit. 平面状に中空糸膜を並べた濾過膜モジュールにおいて、中空糸膜をスクラビング洗浄する水流が側方に逸れる様子を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which a water flow for scrubbing and washing a hollow fiber membrane is deflected to the side in a filtration membrane module in which hollow fiber membranes are arranged in a plane. （ａ）は、濾過膜モジュール１０を備えた濾過ユニット１を模式的に示す斜視図、（ｂ）は、（ａ）における外側の囲繞ケーシング１４を取り去った内部を模式的に示す斜視図である。(A) is a perspective view which shows typically the filtration unit 1 provided with the filtration membrane module 10, (b) is a perspective view which shows typically the inside which removed the outer surrounding casing 14 in (a). . 本発明の一実施形態に係る浸漬型膜濾過ユニットの、図３におけるＰ−Ｐ線矢視断面図である。It is PP sectional view taken on the line in FIG. 3 of the immersion type membrane filtration unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図４の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットの下側固定部材における中空糸膜の固定位置を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the fixing position of the hollow fiber membrane in the lower side fixing member of the immersion type membrane filtration unit of FIG. 図４及び図５に示す浸漬型膜濾過ユニットを用いて実際に汚水処理を行った試験結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the test result which actually performed sewage treatment using the immersion type membrane filtration unit shown in FIG.4 and FIG.5.

本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら以下に説明するが、本発明は以下の記載に限定されるものではない。本発明の一実施形態に係る浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１は、前述の図３と同様の概略構成を有し、図１の斜視図に模式的に示す濾過膜モジュール１０を複数枚備えている。濾過膜モジュール１０では、前述のように多数の中空糸膜１１の束が上側固定部材２１及び下側固定部材２２の間に固定され、上側固定部材２１及び下側固定部材２２は２本の支柱２６によって一定の距離に保持されて固定されている。中空糸膜１１は濾過膜を管壁とする中空の微細な糸であり、汚水は中空糸膜１１の外部から内部に通過する際に濾過される。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions. The submerged membrane filtration unit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention has a schematic configuration similar to that of FIG. 3 described above, and includes a plurality of filtration membrane modules 10 schematically shown in the perspective view of FIG. In the filtration membrane module 10, as described above, a bundle of a large number of hollow fiber membranes 11 is fixed between the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22, and the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22 are composed of two support columns. 26 is held and fixed at a constant distance. The hollow fiber membrane 11 is a hollow fine thread having a filtration membrane as a tube wall, and sewage is filtered when passing from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 11.

図４は図３に示す浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１のＰ−Ｐ線矢視断面図である。図４では３枚の濾過膜モジュール１０が画かれているが、実際の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１は、約５０枚の濾過膜モジュール１０を有している。本実施形態においては、濾過膜モジュール１０として、三菱レイヨン・エンジニアリング（株）製の膜ユニットＳＡＤＦ１５９０Ｒを使用した。この濾過膜モジュール１０は、図１及び図４に示すように、上側固定部材２１と下側固定部材２２との間の距離Ｄ＝１１５０ｍｍであり、上側固定部材２１と下側固定部材２２との間には、外径約２．８ｍｍ、長さＬ＝１１８５ｍｍ（最長）の中空糸膜１１が張られている。従って、距離Ｄと長さＬとの比Ｄ／Ｌ＝０．９７である。   4 is a cross-sectional view of the submerged membrane filtration unit 1 shown in FIG. Although three filtration membrane modules 10 are depicted in FIG. 4, the actual submerged membrane filtration unit 1 has about 50 filtration membrane modules 10. In the present embodiment, a membrane unit SADF1590R manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Engineering Co., Ltd. was used as the filtration membrane module 10. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the filtration membrane module 10 has a distance D = 1150 mm between the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22, and the distance between the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22. A hollow fiber membrane 11 having an outer diameter of about 2.8 mm and a length L = 1185 mm (longest) is stretched therebetween. Therefore, the ratio D / L = 0.97 between the distance D and the length L.

上述のように、本実施形態では中空糸膜の長さＬ＞上下の固定部材間の距離Ｄの関係にあるので、中空糸膜１１は上側固定部材２１及び下側固定部材２２の間に弛みが生じるように固定されることとなり、これにより曝気による適切なスクラビング洗浄が可能となっている。これにより、中空糸膜１１は目詰まりすることなく継続して濾過を行うことが可能となる。   As described above, in this embodiment, since the length L of the hollow fiber membrane is greater than the distance D between the upper and lower fixing members, the hollow fiber membrane 11 is slackened between the upper fixing member 21 and the lower fixing member 22. Thus, the scrubbing can be cleaned appropriately by aeration. Thereby, the hollow fiber membrane 11 can be continuously filtered without being clogged.

図５は、浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１の下部における下側固定部材２２の配置を表している。本実施形態の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１では、３つの下側固定部材２２は、それぞれ厚さｄ＝３０ｍｍであり、上側固定部材２１も同じ厚さを有している。また、下側固定部材２２においては、その厚さ方向の中央に中空糸膜１１の束が幅ａ＝約２０ｍｍで固定されており、下側固定部材２２の厚さ方向の両側の幅ｂ＝５ｍｍの部分には中空糸膜１１が存在していない。更に、隣接する下側固定部材２２の間の距離ｃ＝５ｍｍに設定されている。このような配置では、中空糸膜に弛みが生じていないとした場合における隣接する浸漬型膜濾過ユニットの中空糸膜間の距離２ｂ＋ｃは、１５ｍｍとなる。   FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the lower fixing member 22 in the lower part of the submerged membrane filtration unit 1. In the submerged membrane filtration unit 1 of the present embodiment, the three lower fixing members 22 each have a thickness d = 30 mm, and the upper fixing member 21 has the same thickness. In the lower fixing member 22, the bundle of hollow fiber membranes 11 is fixed at the center in the thickness direction with a width a = about 20 mm, and the width b = on both sides in the thickness direction of the lower fixing member 22. The hollow fiber membrane 11 does not exist in the 5 mm portion. Furthermore, the distance c between adjacent lower fixing members 22 is set to 5 mm. In such an arrangement, the distance 2b + c between the hollow fiber membranes of adjacent submerged membrane filtration units when the hollow fiber membrane is not slack is 15 mm.

このような配置を有する図５の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１を用いて、実際に汚水の濾過試験を行い、その結果を図６に示した。横軸は試験開始からの日数であり、最初に、隣接するモジュール１０間の距離ｃ＝１２ｍｍである従来の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットについての試験（図６の左側）を３１日間行い、続いて隣接するモジュール１０間の距離ｃ＝５ｍｍである本発明の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットについての試験（図６の右側）３１日間を行った。本試験においては、濾過流束を約０．６ｍ／ｄの一定値に設定するとともに、濾過ユニット内の空塔速度が同じとなるように曝気風量を調整し、従来の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットについての曝気風量を１とした場合の本発明の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットの曝気風量の比を測定した。濾過差圧は濾過による中空糸膜１１の汚れ（目詰まり）の指標となる測定値であり、中空糸膜１１の汚れが多くなるほど濾過差圧は大きくなる。   Using the submerged membrane filtration unit 1 of FIG. 5 having such an arrangement, a sewage filtration test was actually performed, and the results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis represents the number of days from the start of the test. First, a test (on the left side of FIG. 6) for a conventional submerged membrane filtration unit with a distance c = 12 mm between adjacent modules 10 was performed for 31 days, followed by A test (on the right side of FIG. 6) for 31 days of the immersion type membrane filtration unit of the present invention in which the distance c between the modules 10 was 5 mm was performed. In this test, the filtration flux is set to a constant value of about 0.6 m / d, and the aeration air volume is adjusted so that the superficial velocity in the filtration unit is the same. The ratio of the aeration air volume of the submerged membrane filtration unit of the present invention when the aeration air volume was 1 was measured. The filtration differential pressure is a measured value that serves as an index of dirt (clogging) of the hollow fiber membrane 11 due to filtration, and the filtration differential pressure increases as the dirt of the hollow fiber membrane 11 increases.

これらの試験結果から、図６に示すように、従来の浸漬型膜濾過装置の曝気風量に対する本発明の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットの曝気風量の比は約０．８４となり、本発明の装置の方が曝気動力が低減されていることが分かる。また、濾過差圧の挙動に関しても、曝気風量の低下によるエアースクラビング洗浄効果の低下はなく、従来の装置と同等の結果が得られた。更に、この試験の間、従来及び本発明の浸漬型膜濾過装置の何れにおいても、夾雑物の上側固定部材２１、下側固定部材２２及び中空糸膜１１への絡まりなどは観察されなかった。   From these test results, as shown in FIG. 6, the ratio of the aeration air volume of the submerged membrane filtration unit of the present invention to the aeration air volume of the conventional submerged membrane filtration apparatus is about 0.84. It can be seen that the aeration power is reduced. Moreover, regarding the behavior of the filtration differential pressure, the air scrubbing cleaning effect was not reduced due to the reduction of the aeration air volume, and the same result as the conventional apparatus was obtained. Furthermore, during this test, in any of the conventional and submerged membrane filtration devices of the present invention, no entanglement of impurities on the upper fixing member 21, the lower fixing member 22, and the hollow fiber membrane 11 was observed.

本実施形態では、３枚の濾過膜モジュール１０を用いた浸漬型膜濾過ユニット１について説明したが、実際の装置では、更に多くの濾過膜モジュール１０が使用されることは言うまでもない。また、濾過膜モジュール１０の大きさ、換言すれば中空糸膜１１の本数及び長さも、使用目的に応じて変更することができる。   In the present embodiment, the submerged membrane filtration unit 1 using three filtration membrane modules 10 has been described. Needless to say, however, more filtration membrane modules 10 are used in an actual apparatus. Further, the size of the filtration membrane module 10, in other words, the number and length of the hollow fiber membranes 11 can be changed according to the purpose of use.

本発明の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットは、飲料水製造、浄水処理、排水処理などの水処理、特に、ＭＢＲ（Membrane Bio Reactor、膜分離活性汚泥法）を用いた水処理の分野や、食品工業の分野で利用可能である。   The submerged membrane filtration unit of the present invention is used in water treatment such as drinking water production, water purification treatment, and wastewater treatment, particularly in the field of water treatment using MBR (Membrane Bio Reactor, membrane separation activated sludge method) Available in the field.

１ 浸漬型膜濾過ユニット
１０ 濾過膜モジュール
１１ 中空糸膜
１４ 囲繞ケーシング
１６ 曝気パイプ
２１ 上側固定部材
２２ 下側固定部材
２６ 支柱DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Submerged membrane filtration unit 10 Filtration membrane module 11 Hollow fiber membrane 14 Enclosure 16 Aeration pipe 21 Upper side fixing member 22 Lower side fixing member 26 Prop

Claims (7)

多数の中空糸膜の束を上側固定部材及び下側固定部材の間に平面状に固定した複数の濾過膜モジュールと、該複数の濾過膜モジュールを取り囲む囲繞ケーシングと、該複数の濾過膜モジュールの下方から気泡を供給する曝気パイプとを有する浸漬型膜濾過ユニットであって、隣接する濾過膜モジュール間の間隔が３〜７ｍｍの範囲であることを特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過ユニット。   A plurality of filtration membrane modules in which a bundle of a large number of hollow fiber membranes are fixed in a plane between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, a surrounding casing surrounding the plurality of filtration membrane modules, and a plurality of filtration membrane modules An immersion type membrane filtration unit having an aeration pipe for supplying bubbles from below, wherein an interval between adjacent filtration membrane modules is in a range of 3 to 7 mm. 前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間の距離をＤ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間に固定される中空糸膜の長さをＬとした場合に、５００ｍｍ≦Ｄ≦１０００ｍｍ、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９６である請求項１に記載の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット。   When the distance between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is D, and the length of the hollow fiber membrane fixed between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is L, 500 mm ≦ D ≦ 1000 mm, The submerged membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, wherein D / L ≧ 0.96. 前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間の距離をＤ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間に固定される中空糸膜の長さをＬとした場合に、１０００ｍｍ＜Ｄ≦１５００ｍｍ、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９７である請求項１に記載の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット。   When the distance between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is D, and the length of the hollow fiber membrane fixed between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is L, 1000 mm <D ≦ 1500 mm, The submerged membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, wherein D / L ≧ 0.97. 前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間の距離をＤ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間に固定される中空糸膜の長さをＬとした場合に、１５００ｍｍ＜Ｄ≦２０００ｍｍ、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９８である請求項１に記載の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット。   When the distance between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is D, and the length of the hollow fiber membrane fixed between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is L, 1500 mm <D ≦ 2000 mm, The submerged membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, wherein D / L ≧ 0.98. 前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間の距離をＤ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材間に固定される中空糸膜の長さをＬとした場合に、２０００ｍｍ＜Ｄ≦３０００ｍｍ、Ｄ／Ｌ≧０．９９である請求項１に記載の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット。   When the distance between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is D, and the length of the hollow fiber membrane fixed between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is L, 2000 mm <D ≦ 3000 mm, The submerged membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, wherein D / L≥0.99. 隣接する濾過膜モジュール間において、隣接する濾過膜モジュール間の距離をｃ、前記上側固定部材及び前記下側固定部材のそれぞれの厚さ方向における端面から中空糸膜の固定位置までの距離をｂとした場合に、２ｂ＋ｃ＝１３〜１７ｍｍであることを特徴とする請求項１〜５の何れかに記載の浸漬型膜濾過ユニット。   Between adjacent filtration membrane modules, the distance between adjacent filtration membrane modules is c, and the distance from the end surface in the thickness direction of each of the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member to the fixing position of the hollow fiber membrane is b. The submerged membrane filtration unit according to claim 1, wherein 2b + c = 13 to 17 mm. 請求項１〜６の何れかに記載の浸漬型膜濾過ユニットを複数備えたことを特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過装置。   An immersion type membrane filtration apparatus comprising a plurality of the immersion type membrane filtration units according to claim 1.
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