JPS6384657A - Method and device for removing dust and gaseous contaminant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simultaneously remove malodorous gas and other gaseous contaminants along with fine particles by collecting the fine particles with an ion-exchange filter. CONSTITUTION:The air is passed through a coarse filter 4 and the ion-exchange filter 6 by a suction fan 3, and the fine dust and gaseous contaminants in the air are collected on the ion-exchange filter 6. Basides, a precharging part for the particulate substance contained in the air is provided, as required, before the ion-exchange filter 6, and the particulate substance is charged to improve the collection efficiency. Consequently, the fine particles suspended in the room heretofore can be collected, and further even acidic gas, alkaline gas, odorous gas, and tar can be simultaneously collected.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a suction type vacuum cleaner, commonly known as a so-called electric vacuum cleaner, and relates to a method and apparatus for collecting and removing dust on and near a floor surface, for example. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a suction type scraper and air purifier that can take in indoor air and collect suspended particles as well as pollutant gases.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Conventionally, vacuum cleaners generally use a suction fan to suck up dust, and a coarse filter to collect and remove fine particles. Harmful particles, such as particles smaller than 10 microns, were not collected or removed by the coarse filter and passed through. These particles were suspended in the room and required ventilation.

[Purpose of the invention]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a suction type cleaner that can collect fine particles by using an ion exchange filter and can also remove malodorous gases and other pollutant gases.

[Structure of the invention]

In a suction type vacuum cleaner, the present invention collects fine dust and gaseous pollutants contained in the air on the ion exchange filter by diverting the air over the coarse filter and the ion exchange filter using a suction fan. A method and apparatus for removing dust and gaseous pollutants, which are characterized in that the method and device for removing dust and gaseous pollutants are further provided with a particulate matter (dust) pre-charging section before the ion exchange filter, if necessary. , which increases the collection effect.

The present invention also relates to a suction type vacuum cleaner which is configured to include an indoor air intake port to collect suspended particles as necessary, and also has the function of an air purifier.

Next, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a suction type vacuum cleaner (commonly known as an electric vacuum cleaner) that also serves as an air purifier. First, the case where it is used as a cleaner for cleaning dirt on the floor will be explained.

Dust on the floor is collected by suction 77 (hereinafter simply referred to as fan) 5 through the hole 2 at the tip of the suction nozzle 1, and coarse dust is collected by a coarse filter (coarse filter part) 4 (
(removal) while being aspirated.

The coarse filter 4 is made of ordinary net-like or fibrous material.

Fine particles that cannot be collected by the coarse filter 4 (e.g. particles of 10 μm or less) are made to collide with the triboelectrically charged substance 5 by the fan 5 and are charged with static electricity, and the fine particles charged with static electricity are effectively filtered by the ion exchange filter 6. The highly clean air 7 is collected and discharged.

The triboelectrically charging material 5 may be any material that applies an electric charge to the fine particles through friction, and is preferably a material with a negative triboelectrification ranking.

Examples of these substances include polytetrafluoroethylene, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyether, polyethylene, sulfur,
Examples include polyacrylonitrile, natural rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene glycol tere-7-thaleate, and the like.

These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

These materials are used in the form of plates, pleats, nets, etc., and are used by being placed in the flow. The shape to be used can be appropriately selected and used depending on the intended shape, structure, desired effect, economic efficiency, etc. of the device.

Further, instead of placing the triboelectrically charged material between the fan and the ion exchange filter, the fan itself may be made of a triboelectrically charged material.

In order to effectively collect fine particles by precharging, it is preferable that the cross-sectional area of the pre-charging section be narrower than the cross-sectional area of the ion exchange filter section to increase the linear velocity.

8 is the indoor air intake, which should be closed when cleaning the floor, etc.

When using it as an indoor air purifier, remove the suction nozzle 1, close it to prevent leakage from outside, then open the indoor air intake port 8, suck in the cold air with the fan 3, and do the same. Contaminants such as suspended particles are then collected by an ion exchange filter 6 via the triboelectrically charged substance 5.

Next, the ion exchange filter used in the present invention will be explained in detail.

Ion exchange filters can be any that can collect charged particulate matter and acid, alkaline, and odorous gases from a gas stream.

The ion exchange filter used is one in which an ion exchanger is supported by graft polymerization on a porous polymer support in the form of a net, fabric, or fiber, and these can be manufactured as appropriate by well-known methods. can.

As the ion exchanger, an anion exchanger or a cation exchanger can be used, but usually a mixture of the two in an appropriate ratio is used.

Supports include polymers of aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons such as polyethylene, polyglobile/, polybutylene, and polybutene, polymers of aromatic hydrocarbons such as polystyrene and polyα-methylstyrene, and alicyclic polymers such as polyvinylcyclohexane. Polymers of formula-based hydrocarbons, copolymers of these hydrocarbons, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, tetra7-ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, Polymers, fluorine-containing unsaturated hydrocarbon polymers such as vinylidene fluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymers, or copolymers thereof are used.

It is also possible to use polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polyester, cellulose, wool, silk, or mixtures thereof.

These supports are used as porous supports, and their shape may be any shape as long as they have a large contact area with the gas flow and low resistance, such as an appropriate thin film-like cloth, preferably a net-like shape. Woven or N1. An appropriate shape such as a conical shape is used.

The porosity of the porous support is 10 to 95, preferably 50 to 95.
It is 85%. The shape, thickness, and porosity of the porous support can be determined as appropriate depending on the shape of the device, the materials used, the structure, the expected effects, etc.

The ion exchanger that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various ion exchangers or anion exchangers can be used.

For example, exchangers containing cation exchange groups such as carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, and phenolic hydroxyl groups; Examples include exchangers containing ion exchange groups, and polymerized or condensed homogeneous or heterogeneous ion exchangers containing the positive and negative ion exchange groups.

Typical examples include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, matahastyrene, halomethylstyrene, acyloxystyrene,
Styrene compounds such as hydroxystyrene, aminostyrene, vinylbenzenesulfonic acid, vinylpyridine, 2-
Polymers of monomers having cationic or anionic exchange groups such as methyl-5-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5vinylimidazole, acrylonitrile, or sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, or groups convertible thereto; Copolymers of these monomers with monomers having two or more double bonds, such as sivinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, butadiene, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate,
Alternatively, a polymer obtained by grafting styrene onto polyethylene, polyvinyl fluorocarbon ether, or polytetrafluoroethylene is introduced with cationic and/or anionic ion-exchange groups as necessary, or converted into an ion-exchange group. Ion exchangers include copolymers of vinyl hexafluoride, such as tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, and perfluorovinyl monomers having an ion exchange group or a group that can be converted into an ion exchange group.

The method for supporting the ion exchanger on the support is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by any known method.

For example, the support may be exposed to ultraviolet rays, alpha rays, beta rays, electron beams,
Irradiation with ionizing radiation such as radiation, oxygen, ozone,
A method of carrying an ion exchanger by grafting a monomer after treatment with an oxidizing agent such as chlorosulfonic acid, hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, peracetic acid, or two or more of these treatments, or a method of supporting an ion exchanger. Examples include a method in which a graft polymer (for example, polyethylene) is irradiated with ionizing radiation and then reacted with an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid to obtain a graft polymer, which is then treated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

Another method is to make the support support the ion exchanger through a polymer layer (adhesive layer) that has a high affinity for the ion exchanger. In this method, first, a monomer is graft-polymerized onto a support to form an adhesive layer with an ion exchanger.

As the monomer for forming the adhesive layer, one whose polymer has a high affinity or adhesion to the ion exchanger is used. Examples of such monomers include propylene natonoolefin monomers, halogenated vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride, styrene derivatives, nitrile monomers such as acrylonitrile, diene monomers such as butadiene, vinyl acetate, and acids such as ethyl acrylate. There are monomers that have ester groups.

These monomers are graft-polymerized onto the support by means such as irradiation with ionizing radiation and/or treatment with an oxidizing agent as described above. That is, after the support is pretreated by these means, it is impregnated with the monomer solution to be grafted and polymerized, or in the case of ultraviolet rays or radiation, the support is irradiated with the monomer solution impregnated. Also good. Next, the ion exchanger is supported on a support.

This method varies depending on the type of ion exchanger, its manufacturing method, etc., but is carried out, for example, as follows. The monomer mixture as a raw material for the ion exchanger is impregnated into a support before poly(condensation), and the monomer mixture is poly(condensed) after impregnation, or the monomer mixture is partially poly(condensed) in advance. The initial poly(condensation) polymer is impregnated into the support as it is or, if necessary, dissolved in an appropriate solvent, and the poly(condensation) polymerization is completed after impregnation.

The feature of this method is that the support contains a graft polymer with a high affinity for the ion exchanger-forming monomer.
The adhesive layer of the support is swollen or dissolved by the monomer mixture or its initial condensation metal material, and impregnation is sufficiently carried out. As a result, the subsequent polymerization of the monomer mixture or its initial poly(condensation) product provides a structure in which the polymer is tightly integrated with the support via the graft polymerization layer.

If the polymer impregnated into the support and polymerized does not have sufficient ion exchange groups, then cationic or antiion exchange groups are introduced by known means to obtain an ion exchange filter.

In this way, an ion exchange filter, a fibrous or woven anion exchange filter, and a cation exchange filter are obtained.

The type, filling amount, and ratio of the anion exchange filter and ion exchange filter to be used will depend on the charge state and concentration of charged particles in the gas flow, or the type and concentration of pollutants and malodorous substances in the gas flow. You can decide accordingly.

For example, anion exchange filters are effective for collecting negatively charged particulates and acidic gases such as S, and cation exchange filters are effective for collecting positively charged particulates and gases such as NH. Further, the filling amount and its ratio may be appropriately determined in accordance with the concentration and concentration ratio of the collection substance, taking into consideration the shape, structure, pressure drop, etc. of the device.

Specifically, an anion exchange filter and a cation exchange filter filled in a ratio of 1:2 (V/¥, S)O may be used.

In Figure 1, we have explained the method of using an ion exchange filter only downstream of the pre-charging section, but it goes without saying that the ion-exchange filter can also be used for the coarse filter 4 at the inlet of the pre-charging section. .

For example, if the garbage contains a lot of tar-like substances or odorous substances, use an ion exchange filter as the coarse filter 4.
Since these substances are collected and removed in advance, maintenance of the downstream section becomes easy, which is preferable.

The location where the ion exchange filter is used is determined based on the application, shape, structure, effectiveness, economic efficiency, etc. of the device.

I can do it.

As a pre-charging method, a well-known method can be applied to discharge. The discharge is usually a positive (e-electrode) discharge to positively charge the particles.

Pre-charging can be carried out by appropriately selecting frictional charging or discharge depending on the application, shape, structure, effect, economic efficiency, etc. of the device, or a combination of both.

Figure 1 shows an example in which a "suction type vacuum cleaner" doubles as an "indoor air purifier." However, by eliminating the indoor air intake port 8, it becomes a simple suction type vacuum cleaner (commonly known as an electric vacuum cleaner). ) can be done.

Also, the pre-charging section can be eliminated.

Furthermore, the location of the indoor air intake port 8 is not limited, and can be provided at an appropriate location such as the upper or lateral portion upstream of the coarse filter 4, taking into consideration the use, shape, effect, economic efficiency, etc. of the device. Needless to say.

When used as a suction type cleaner, casters or the like may be attached to the lower part so that it can be easily moved, or it may be fixed in a room.

In addition, when the "suction type cleaner" is also used as the "air purifier", it is preferable that the output of the fan 3 is made to have a plurality of outputs that differ depending on the operating state and the like.

For example, when used as a suction cleaner, a strong output is applied, and when used as an air purifier, a weak output is applied.

Figure 2 shows an example of a "suction type cleaner."

2 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that the pre-charging section made of the triboelectrically charged material 5 and the indoor air intake port 8 shown in FIG. 1 are omitted.

Example 1 An ion exchange filter manufactured by the following method was filled into a suction cleaner as shown in FIG. 2 and tested.

In the test, the floor of a living room in a typical household was cleaned and the concentration of particulates at the outlet of an ion exchange filter was measured.

An ion exchange filter consisting of 50% anion exchange filter and 70 cation exchange filters was attached to the rear of the suction type device (filling amount: 200 x 200 x 1
50 vm).

The results are shown in Table-1.

Table-1 Also, incense smoke (average particle size (12~!1.5μ) 521
n9/m'' was sucked into the above-mentioned suction type device and measured in the same manner at the outlet, and the following results were obtained.

■ When filled with ion exchange filter: 121
19/g'■ In the case of only fibrous polypropylene:
49 ■ / Constant 3 Example 2 As in Example 1, an ion exchange filter was filled into a suction type device that also served as an air purifier as shown in Figure 1, and the following gases were collected from the suction nozzle. The concentration at the outlet of the ion exchange filter was measured.

Generated gas: Incense smoke 97m97m” (fine particles: 52■/
H, S, and NU were added to 1J'L'', tar content: 45 µ/, 3) at a concentration of 10 ppm, respectively.

However, triboelectrically charged substances; polytetrafluoroethylene ion exchange filter: anion exchange filter'oss
Cation exchange filter 60% coarse filter; filter device used in a commercially available vacuum cleaner Size: 200 x 200 x 400 - The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 In addition, when there is no triboelectrically charged substance, fine particles 21 to hawk, %S,
NH, each <LLlppm, tar content 51 ng/m",
Met.

In the case of no triboelectrically charged substance and ion exchanger, fine particles: 481n9/3.4 days, tar content: 55cm/3.4 days, and N
III, both were 10 ppm.

Manufacturing method of ion exchange filter ■ Anion exchange filter: Fibrous polypropylene was irradiated with an electron beam of 20 Mrad in nitrogen, and then immersed in a solution containing hydroxystyrene monomer isoprene to perform a graft polymerization reaction. After the reaction, quaternary amination was performed to obtain an anion exchange filter.

(2) Cation exchange filter 2 A fibrous polypropylene was irradiated with an electron beam of 20 Mrad in nitrogen, and then immersed in an aqueous acrylic acid solution to carry out a graft polymerization reaction. After the reaction, treatment was performed with a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a Kabuon exchange filter.

〔Effect of the invention〕

1. By using an ion exchange filter to collect particulate matter, we are now able to collect particulate matter that was previously scattered indoors.

■ Acidic gas, alkaline gas, odorous gas, and tar were also collected at the same time.

■ A device that is good for health has been created.

Z By performing discharge or triboelectric charging as a means of precharging, (1) collection of fine particles has become even more effective.

(5) By making the ion exchanger into a fibrous or woven shape, a practical filter with low resistance and high collection efficiency was created.

4. By providing an indoor air intake port in the flow path of the suction type vacuum cleaner, we were able to provide a device that has two functions: ■ a suction type cleaner and an air purifier.

■ Since air purification can normally be carried out, the room becomes cleaner and the amount of sedimentation of suspended particles is reduced. Therefore, the frequency of cleaning floors, etc. can be reduced.

■ - Can provide a clean and comfortable living place.

i By selecting the presence or absence of an air intake, the type and amount of ion exchanger, the presence or absence and method of precharging, etc., you can create a vacuum cleaner that doubles as a suction type vacuum cleaner or an air purifier that is optimal for the purpose of use, effectiveness, economy, etc. We were able to provide a suction vacuum cleaner.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vacuum cleaner that also serves as an air purifier of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vacuum cleaner of the present invention.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Dust removal in a suction type vacuum cleaner, characterized in that dust and gaseous pollutants contained in the air are collected on the ion exchange filter by passing the air over the ion exchange filter. and a method for collecting and removing gaseous pollutants. 2. Claim 1 in which particulate matter contained in the air is precharged before passing through the ion exchange filter.
The method described in section. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the precharging is performed by discharge or frictional charging. 4. Claims 1 and 2 in which triboelectric charging is performed by friction between fine particles in the air and a substance with a negative triboelectrification ranking.
or the method described in paragraph 3. 5. Triboelectric charging is performed using polytetrafluoroethylene, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyether, polyethylene, sulfur, polyacrylonitrile, natural rubber, butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer, polychlorobutadiene, epoxy resin, polyvinyl butadiene. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method is carried out by friction with one or more substances selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol terephthalate and polyethylene glycol terephthalate. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ion exchange filter is obtained by graft polymerizing an ion exchanger onto a fibrous material. 7. Any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ion exchange filter has a fibrous or woven shape.
The method described in. 8. A suction type vacuum cleaner comprising at least a coarse filter section, a suction fan section, and an ion exchange filter section on the air flow path from the air suction port to the air discharge port. 9. The suction type cleaner according to claim 8, further comprising a pre-charging section provided in front of the ion exchange filter section. 10. An air purifier and suction vacuum cleaner with an indoor air intake port on the air flow path.