JPS6365867B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a solar energy absorbing device in which a trough-shaped housing is provided with a preheating chamber and a heat concentration chamber within the preheating chamber.

Conventionally, solar energy absorption devices have been divided into two types: a condensing and tracking type solar energy absorption device in which the main body of the solar energy absorption device tracks the sun, mainly absorbs direct solar radiation, and concentrates it on the opposite side, and the main body of the solar energy absorption device A solar energy absorbing device of the all-sky solar radiation type is generally known, which is arranged so that it can fix the solar radiation and absorb the maximum energy of direct solar radiation and scattered solar radiation throughout the year.

However, in order to realize an inexpensive and practical solar energy absorption device among these solar energy devices, it is necessary to consider the following conditions.

(1) The annual amount of solar radiation in Japan is approximately equal in proportion to direct solar radiation, which is the main radiation during clear skies, and scattered solar radiation, which is the main radiation during cloudy days.

(2) It has good heat conversion efficiency, simple structure, low cost, and long durability.

Taking these above conditions into consideration, it is preferable to use an inexpensive all-day solar radiation type solar energy absorbing device that can sufficiently absorb solar energy not only on sunny days but also on cloudy days and does not require a tracking device. However, the solar energy absorption device of the concentrating tracking type can obtain sufficient high temperature by concentrating direct solar radiation on clear skies, but the all-sky solar type is inferior to the concentrating tracking type in terms of obtaining this high temperature. Extremely efficient heat exchange is required. However, when efficiently converting absorbed solar energy into heat, there is a major problem of heat loss due to convection. This convection occurs because when solar energy is converted into heat, this heat creates a temperature difference within the device. When this convection occurs, heat is circulated and diffused within the device by the medium. Therefore, the heat diffused within the device is easily released to the outside where the temperature is lower, reducing the heat conversion efficiency of the device.

In addition, in the scattered solar radiation that is the main type during cloudy days, vertical solar radiation has a higher energy level than horizontal solar radiation, and in order to sufficiently absorb this vertically scattered solar radiation with a high energy level, the incidence of solar energy equipment is adjusted vertically. You need to open your mouth wide.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide an all-day solar energy absorption device that can sufficiently absorb the main scattered solar radiation during cloudy days and has extremely high heat conversion efficiency of incident solar energy. be.

The solar energy absorbing device of the present invention has a back surface that is slightly curved inward and extends in a substantially horizontal direction, a bottom surface that is slightly curved inward and has a reflective surface on its inner surface that extends in a substantially horizontal direction, and an upper part of the back surface and the bottom surface. In an all-day solar energy absorbing device comprising a heat absorber provided inside a fixed trough-shaped casing consisting of a translucent cover member extending between the front part of the back surface and the bottom surface of the , the heat collecting chamber sealed by the cover member is divided into a large preheating chamber in contact with the cover member, and a relatively small heat concentrating chamber sealed by a partition plate on the inside of the back surface of the preheating chamber. , is characterized in that a heat collecting member is provided inside both of these chambers.

Note that the heat concentration chamber may be divided into a plurality of chambers by a transparent member, and the heat collecting member may be provided in each chamber.

The heat collecting member in the preheating chamber is configured to be transferred to the heat collecting member in the heat concentrating chamber.

As described above, according to the present invention, by providing a bottom surface that is slightly curved inward and has an opposite surface on the inner surface that extends in a substantially horizontal direction, vertical solar radiation, which has a high energy level among the main scattered solar radiation during cloudy days, can be absorbed. By dividing the sealed heat collecting chamber into a large sealed preheating chamber and a relatively small heat concentrating chamber, heat loss due to convection can be suppressed and the heat of incident solar energy can be efficiently absorbed. conversion can be performed.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the invention.

The trough-shaped housing 1 (for example, concrete or FRP reinforced with fibers such as glass or rock) has a width (corresponding to the distance between adjacent housings, A and B in Figure 3) of approximately 4 m, and a length (perpendicular to the page). It is formed to a size of about 9 m (length in the direction of
From the bottom surface 1B and the top of this back surface 1A to this bottom surface 1
A heat collection chamber 21 sealed by a translucent cover member 4 (for example, transparent glass, etc.) extending to the front part of B
However, the heat collecting chamber 21 is divided into a large preheating chamber 2 which is in contact with the cover member 4 inside the heat collecting chamber 21 and a relatively small heat concentrating chamber 3 by a partition plate 5 (for example, transparent glass), and each chamber 2 and 3 is It is sealed. Note that the cover member 4 preferably has a means that allows it to be opened and closed freely. Further, the heat concentrating chamber 3 is formed with a plurality of chambers using a transparent member 10 (for example, transparent glass or plastic), and a heat collecting member 11 (for example, a black heat collecting plate) is provided on the inner surface of the back surface 1A of each of these chambers. (black wire mesh or black metal lath fixed to the surface) is provided. The heat collecting member 11 provided in each of these chambers is an integrated heat collecting member in which the heat collecting members of each chamber are continuous. Therefore,
At the part where the rear end of the transparent member 10 connects to the surface of the heat collecting member 11, there is a gap between the rear surface 1A of each chamber and the rear end of the transparent member 10, and a gap is provided between the back side 1A of each chamber and the rear end of the transparent member 10, and the air can be passed through the gap in the vertical direction. Air circulation is possible, and the air heated in the lower chambers passes between them and flows to the upper chambers.
A pipe for transferring a heat medium (hereinafter referred to as air) from the outside of this device is connected to a heat preheating air delivery pipe 7, and a heat collecting surface 12 (for example, a black metal surface) is formed at the upper part of this preheating chamber 2. ) is fixed to the surface of the material in a thermally conductive manner. In order to transfer the heat from the heat collecting surface 12 to the heat concentration chamber, the preheated air delivery pipe 7 is connected to a preheated air introduction pipe 9 outside the preheating chamber 2 and the heat concentration chamber 3. This preheated air introduction pipe 9 has a large number of heat radiation holes, and is used to introduce and supply preheated air therein into the heat concentration chamber 3. Furthermore, this preheated air introduction pipe 9
is connected to the heat collecting member 11 in a heat conductive manner. These two pipes 7 and 9 are heat exchange pipes through which air as a heat medium passes. In order to take out the heated air in the heat concentration chamber 3 to the outside of this device, a high temperature air take-out pipe 8 having a large number of holes like the preheated air introduction pipe 9 is provided at the upper part of the heat concentration chamber 3. , connected to a heat exchanger external to the device. The back surface 1A and bottom surface 1B of the trough housing 1 have a heat insulating material.
The heat dissipation inside the preheating chamber 2 and the heat concentrating chamber 3, which are formed by A and the bottom surface 1B, is suppressed. Furthermore, in order to suppress heat radiation from the upper part of the cover member 4, which is the solar energy entrance, to the outside, the upper half of the cover member 4 is treated with a selectively permeable film that suppresses the passage of heat rays. Furthermore, in order to suppress heat radiation from the thermal concentration chamber 3, which has a high temperature, to the preheating chamber 2, which has a low temperature, a permselective membrane is treated on the partition plate 4. Reflective surfaces 6 are provided on the inner surfaces of the nearly horizontal bottom surface 1B and the slightly inwardly curved bottom surface 1C, and are arranged to maximize absorption of direct solar radiation and scattered solar radiation.

Next, in this embodiment, the process from the incidence of solar energy to the thermal conversion of this energy will be explained in detail.

First, the direct solar radiation that reaches the bottom surface 1C and the vertically scattered solar radiation, which has a higher energy level than the horizontally scattered solar radiation, are reflected by the reflective surface 6 provided inside the bottom surface 1C and reach the cover member 4. There is also direct solar radiation and scattered solar radiation that directly reach this cover member 4 . These solar radiations that have reached the cover member 4 pass through the cover member 4 and enter the preheating chamber 2 . The solar radiation entering the preheating chamber 2 slightly heats the air in the preheating chamber 2, and also generates a small amount of heat when reflected by the reflective surface 6 provided inside the bottom surface 1B. The air in the preheating chamber 2 heated by this heat rises and reaches the heat collecting surface 12 provided at the upper part of the preheating chamber 2. The heat of this heated air is collected by the heat collection surface 12 and transferred to the air inside the preheated air extraction pipe 7. At this time, since the upper half of the cover member 4 is treated with a permselective membrane, the heat in the upper part of the preheating chamber 2 is hardly released to the outside through the cover member 4.

Next, the heated air inside the preheated air take-off pipe 7 passes through the preheated air introduction pipe 9 from this pipe 7 and is introduced into the lower part of the heat concentration chamber 3.
The air introduced into the lower part of the thermal concentrating chamber 3 is directed from the lower chamber of the thermal concentrating chamber 3 toward a high-temperature air extraction pipe 8 provided at the upper part of the thermal concentrating chamber 3 for forced high-temperature air extraction. Move sequentially to the next room at the top. At this time, the air passage is formed along the heat collecting member 11 provided inside the back surface 1A through the gap so that the air can efficiently absorb the heat collected by the heat collecting member 11. There is.
On the other hand, solar radiation that enters the preheating chamber 2 and is reflected by the reflective surface provided inside the bottom surface 1B is introduced into the heat concentration chamber 3, passes through the translucent partition plate 5, and enters the heat collecting member 11. reach. The solar radiation that has reached the heat collecting member 11 is efficiently converted into heat by the heat collecting member 11, increasing the temperature of the heat collecting member 11 itself. To explain the heat concentration effect in the heat concentration chamber 3, first, when the air preheated in the preheating chamber 2 passes through the heat collection member 11 in the lower chamber of the heat concentration chamber 3, the above-mentioned heat of the heat collection member 11 is generated. This air is further heated. Here, a temperature change occurs due to this heat transfer, and convection occurs, but since the range in which this convection occurs is partitioned by the partition plate 5 and the transparent member 10, it is limited to this chamber only, and other than this chamber. It suppresses heat dissipation. By limiting the range of convection in this manner, it is possible to suppress heat loss due to convection as described above. Furthermore, since the transparent member 10 is treated with a selectively permeable film, heat radiation from this chamber to the preheating chamber 2 can be more effectively suppressed.

The air then moved to the next chamber above this chamber by forced hot air removal is further heated in this chamber by the above action. While repeating this operation, the air is further heated and efficiently thermally concentrated until it reaches the high-temperature air take-out pipe 8. The temperature of this air is thought to reach over 200 degrees Celsius during sunny days. Needless to say, at this time, a sufficient heat insulating effect by the heat insulating material on the back surface 1A to which the heat collecting member 11 is fixed is required. The high-temperature air that has reached the high-temperature air take-off pipe 8 passes through the high-temperature air take-off pipe 8 and is moved to a heat exchanger outside the device. If water is used instead of air as a heat medium, rust prevention of the heat collection member and the mechanism that transfers this heat medium becomes a problem, but when this equipment is not operating at night, this water is This problem can be solved to some extent by removing the heat transfer medium from the mechanism and circulating dry, high-temperature air instead.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which scattered solar radiation in the vertical direction is incident in the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention.

As can be easily determined from this figure, scattered solar radiation A, B, and C having a higher energy level in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction are reflected by the reflection surface 6 provided inside the bottom surface 1C into the preheating chamber 2 and the thermal concentration chamber. 3 will be introduced. By having this bottom surface 1C, it is possible to sufficiently absorb scattered solar radiation from the vertical direction and direct solar radiation at a high angle.

FIG. 3 shows an example of use when a plurality of solar energy absorbing devices according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention are used.

If each solar energy device is arranged in the configuration shown in this figure, a part of the back surface of solar energy absorption device A can also be used as a part of the bottom surface 1C of solar energy absorption device B, which reduces costs. is cheaper, and since each device is in close contact with each other, heat radiation in the direction to each device is suppressed, further improving heat conversion efficiency. Since it has such a simple structure, it can be easily installed on the sea or on flat land.

As explained in detail above, the solar energy absorption device according to the present invention has a sealed heat collection chamber formed in a trough-shaped housing, and a large preheating chamber and a relatively small heat concentrating chamber that are each sealed in the heat collection chamber. established,
Extremely efficient heat conversion can be achieved by further heating the heat medium heated in the preheating chamber in the heat concentrating chamber, and by opening the solar energy entrance in a large vertical direction, it can be used mainly on cloudy days. It can sufficiently absorb scattered solar radiation.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which scattered solar radiation is incident in the embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the embodiment of FIG. 1. It is a sectional side view of the usage example when multiple pieces are used. 1...Trough-shaped housing, 1A...Back, 1B, 1
C... Bottom, 2... Preheating chamber, 3... Thermal concentration chamber, 2
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Heat collection chamber, 4... Cover member, 5... Partition plate, 7... Preheated air delivery pipe, 8... High temperature air take-off pipe, 9... Preheated air introduction pipe, 10...
... Transparent member, 11 ... Heat collection member in the heat concentration chamber, 1
2...Heat collecting member in the preheating chamber.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A back surface 1A that is slightly curved inward and extends in a substantially vertical direction, and an inner surface that is slightly curved inward and extends forward in a substantially horizontal direction, the rear end of which is connected to the lower end of this back surface 1A. Bottom surfaces 1B and 1C with reflective surfaces
and a translucent cover member 4 extending between the upper part of the back surface 1A and a portion spaced forward from the rear end of the bottom surfaces 1B and 1C. In the solar energy absorbing device, the heat collecting chamber 21 sealed by the back surface 1A, the bottom surfaces 1B, 1C, and the cover member 4 is provided with a translucent partition plate inside the back surface 1A. 5 to form the heat concentrating chamber 3, the heat collecting chamber 21 is divided into the heat concentrating chamber 3 and the preheating chamber 2, and a heat collecting member is installed in the heat concentrating chamber 3 and the preheating chamber 2, respectively. A solar energy absorption device characterized in that 11 and 12 are provided. 2. The solar energy absorption device according to claim 1, wherein the heat concentrating chamber 3 is divided into a plurality of chambers by a transparent member 10, and each of these chambers is provided with the heat collecting member 11. . 3. The solar energy absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the upper half of the cover member 4 has a selectively permeable membrane. 4. The solar energy absorbing device according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate 5 has a selectively permeable membrane. 5. The solar device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat of the heat collecting member 12 in the preheating chamber 2 is transmitted to the heat collecting member 11 in the heat concentrating chamber 3. Energy absorption device.