JPS6262249A - Damage condition determination device for grains - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to an apparatus for determining the damage state of grains discharged from a combine harvester or the like.

(b1 Background of the invention) Rice grains that are threshed and discharged by a combine harvester may be damaged by being hit by the blades of the threshing teeth or thrower, or by being caught between the rotating shafts.In the case of rice, Rice husks may peel off or parts of them may be chipped, and if there is a large amount of this, the quality will deteriorate significantly.In general, such damaged grains will cause the rotation speed of the teeth and thrower to increase (increasing the impact force). The number of damaged grains tends to increase as the receiving mesh becomes smaller (residence time increases). Therefore, in order to reduce the number of damaged grains, a small amount of sample is taken out at the fine grain port and the damage state is determined. In addition, it is necessary to measure the damage rate from the sample weight and the weight of damaged grains, but in the past, it was easy to make mistakes because normal grains and damaged grains were distinguished by the naked eye. (Also, there was a drawback that it took time to identify.

(C) Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small-scale damage state determination device that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks by using a color sensor and can accurately and quickly determine the damage state. It is in.

(d) Structure and Effects of the Invention This invention comprises a grain conveying means for transporting grains on a belt, an illumination lamp disposed above the belt, and a fixed distance M above the belt in the direction of belt movement. The present invention is characterized by comprising a plurality of color sensors arranged apart from each other and having different color sensitivity characteristics, and a means for determining the damage state of one solid grain based on the outputs of these color sensors for the solid grain. .

According to the present invention configured as described above, by receiving reflected light from a single grain by a plurality of color sensors having different color sensitivity characteristics, it is possible to accurately and easily determine the damage state of the grain. can do. Therefore, there is no error in determining the presence or absence of damage in the fine grains, and even if the number of samples taken out from the fine grain port is increased when measuring the damage rate, the damage rate can be determined in a short time.

(e) Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a damage state measuring section of a damage state determination apparatus for small grains, which is an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a belt for conveying grains, and it moves in the direction of arrow A by driving a conveyance roller (not shown). The surface of the belt 1 is painted black, and the rice 2 taken out as a sample from the fine grain port is placed thereon. A white light source 3 is arranged above the belt 1 and illuminates the upper surface of the belt 1. Further, above the belt 1, a sensor R and a sensor G are arranged separated by a distance l. The color sensor R is made up of a phototransistor that has maximum sensitivity around red, and the color sensor G is made up of a phototransistor that has maximum sensitivity around green. Also, optical fibers 4 are connected downward from the color sensors R and G.
, 5 are provided.

This optical fiber 4.5 is set to a length such that its tip is located directly above the massager 2. In addition, 6 is this optical fiber 4
, 5 and color sensors R, G.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of output changes of the color sensors R and G. In the figure, the curve shown by a dotted line shows the change in the output of the color sensor R, and the curve shown by a solid line shows the change of the color sensor G. In damaged rice, the rice husks have been peeled off, so the green component is greater than the red component. Therefore, the output of the color sensor G increases. On the other hand, in normal rice, the rice husks are not peeled off, so the red component is higher than the green component. Therefore, the output of the color sensor R increases. For this reason, as shown in Fig. 2, the output of the color sensor R is larger than the output of the color sensor G in normal kneading, and the output of the color sensor G is larger than the output of color sensor R in the case of damaged kneading. growing. Based on this relationship, by taking the ratio of the output of the color sensor R and the output of the color sensor +G for one fir tree, the damage state of that fir tree can be determined.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a grain damage state determination device that determines the damage state based on the signal from the sensor and measures the damage rate. .

The detection signal of the color sensor R is amplified by an operational amplifier 10 and sent to an AD converter 12 via an analog switch 11.
guided by. Further, the detection signal of the color sensor G is amplified by the operational amplifier 13 and guided to the AD converter 12 via the analog switch 14. The output of the AD converter 12 is taken into the CPU 16 from l1015. Analog switches 11.14 are alternately turned on and off by switching signals a and b from l1017. The CPU 16 uses the signal a
, b on/off timing is set.

That is, the CPU 16 alternately takes in the output of the operational amplifier 10 and the output of the operational amplifier 13. The CPU 16 takes in the detection signals of the color sensors R and G by alternately turning on and off the analog switches 11 and 14, and based on these signals, determines the damage state for one fir tree and also determines the damage state for multiple fir trees. The damage rate is calculated from the judgment results.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of determining the damage state of each rice grain being conveyed on the belt and further measuring the damage rate from the damage state.

When the belt 1 starts to drive, the CPU 16 samples the output signal of the color sensor R at an appropriate sampling rate and stores it in the memory (the memory area allocated to store the sampling data is the length between the sensors R and G). Therefore, when the belt 1 moves by a length l, the first stored data is erased at the next sampling timing and new data is stored in its place.By repeating this, the length The sampling data of the sensor R for Δ seconds corresponding to l is stored in the memory while being constantly updated.

When the first fir tree is detected by the color sensor G, the damage state of the first fir tree (i=1>) is determined in step nl (hereinafter, step ni is simply referred to as ni).The damage state Xi is Xi-Δ is VRi/VG of the extraction department
Determined by i. VRi is the detection signal of the color sensor R for the i-th massage, and is already stored in the memory.

VGi is a detection signal of color sensor G. Δ in seconds is the time corresponding to the length l in FIG. Using this formula, the ratio between the output of the color sensor R and the output of the color sensor G for one massage can be determined. n in n2
The magnitude of Xi is determined as a result of the calculation using l. If the size is larger than a predetermined constant value α, the process proceeds to n3, if it is smaller than α, the process proceeds to n4, and if it is between α and β, the process proceeds to n5. α and β are constants that serve as boundary values for distinguishing between normal kneading and damaged kneading. If Xi is larger than α, which is the normal boundary value, the state of the flag Fα is determined at n3. The flag Fα is set to 1 as long as there is one fir at the tip of the optical fiber 4.5. The first is Fα-〇. Fα
When =0, the process advances to n6 and the normal kneading counter CO is incremented. This counter CO is allocated to memory 18. When n6 is completed, nl is set to Fα-1.

Next, the process proceeds to n8, and it is determined whether or not the measurement of all dust has been completed.

If it has not been completed, the state of the flag Fα or Fβ is determined using nil, and if it is 0, the process proceeds to 4fn12, increments i by one, and returns to nl again. If the flag is 1, the kneading has not yet passed the tip of the optical fiber, so the process returns to n2.

When Xi is less than or equal to β at n2, the process proceeds to n4 to determine the state of the flag Fβ. Like the flag Fα, the flag Fβ is set to 1 as long as one fir is located at the tip of the optical fiber 5. The first is Fβ-0. At n9, the damage kneading counter C1 is incremented. This counter C1 is also allocated to the memory 18 like the normal kneading counter CO. When the counter C1 is incremented, the flag Fβ is set to 1 at nlo.

The process then proceeds to n8, and it is determined whether or not the measurement of all the fir trees has been completed.

If Xi is larger than α and smaller than β in n2, the process proceeds to n5. This condition is satisfied when the color sensor G detects the surface (black) of the belt 1. n
In step 5, flags Fα and Fβ are set to 0. That is, the flag is reset when the tip of the optical fiber 5 leaves the massager.

As described above, it is possible to determine the state of damage to all the fir trees, and to count the counter C01C1 according to the state of damage. n13 is a step for calculating the damage rate. The damage rate can be calculated as C1/.

K is the total number of massages. In this example, a color sensor G that detects a green component and a color sensor R that detects a red component are used as color sensors, but sensors that detect blue components, yellow components, etc. are also used. Good too. As the number of sensors increases, the accuracy of determining the damage state increases, and even if the brightness of the illumination changes, the damage state can be determined stably.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a damage state measuring section of a particle damage state determining apparatus which is an embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a change in the color sensor output in the measurement section. Third
The figure is a block diagram of the above-mentioned grain damage state determination device, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the same determination device. 1-belt, 2-kneading, 3-illumination light, 4.5-optical fiber, R, G-color sensor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A grain conveying means for transporting grains on a belt, an illumination lamp arranged above the belt, and a color sensitivity arranged above the belt at a certain distance in the belt movement direction. What is claimed is: 1. An apparatus for determining the damage state of a solid grain, comprising: a plurality of color sensors having different characteristics; and means for determining the damage state of a single solid grain based on the outputs of these color sensors for the solid grain.