JPS59214860A - Toner for developing electrostatically charge image - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain toner which has excellent offset resistance and a wide fixation temperature range by using resin within a specified complex elastic modulus range as resin that serves as binding components of toner for electrostatically charged image development which consists of coloring material and binding components. CONSTITUTION:Thermoplastic resin as binding components of toner for a heat roller uses such resin that the real part of a complex elastic modulus is 5X10<4>- 5X10<6> Pa and the imaginary part is 5X10<4>-2X10<6> Pa at a 140-220 deg.C temperature. Consequently, the toner for heat roller fixation enters a rubbery plateau area and a fluid area of a relaxation spectrum at the fixation temperature (140-220 deg.C). The relaxation spectrum of the elastic modulus of the resin varies with the molecular weight of the resin, molecular weight distribution, degree of crosslinking, degree of crystallization, etc. Toner made of resin having said elastic modulus, on the other hand, has superior fixing performance regardless of the molecular weight, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of crosslinking, degree of crystallization, etc., and its fixation temperature range is wide.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a toner used in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc., and particularly to a toner suitable for hot roller constant deposition. [Prior art and its problems] Toner for developing an electrostatic latent image adheres to the direction of development according to the charge pattern of the electrostatic latent image and forms a visible image, but this visible image The image is permanently fixed either directly on the transfer material or once transferred onto the transfer material and fixed thereon. Various methods and devices have been developed for fixing toner images9. (a) A method of heating and melting the toner directly or indirectly to assimilate it into a transfer material as a fusion layer.1. , (
b)) a method in which the binder resin of the toner is softened or dissolved with an organic solvent, and after fixing it on the transfer material, the organic solvent is removed; and (c) a method in which pressure is applied to the toner to fix it on the transfer material. Among these fixing methods, fixing method (c) is based on the viewpoint that the fixing of toner to the transfer material is adhesion of the toner to the transfer material, which is the elementary process of adhesion (1) liquefaction, (
Among II) flow, (I) wetting, and (B) assimilation, the elemental process of (1) liquefaction is not performed, so it has the disadvantage of insufficient fixing properties. In (b), there is a problem with pollution, such as the generation of organic solvent vapor during fixing.On the other hand, in fixing method (a), the elementary process of adhesion is reduced by thermal melting of the toner ( All of 1) to (5) can be satisfied, and the transfer material with the toner image transferred to it (which shows poor fixing performance, especially between two rolls heated by heat) should be The constant heat roller method, which heats and fuses the toner onto the transfer material, has extremely high thermal efficiency during fixing, saves on heat sources, and improves fixing speed, among other great advantages. However, there are still some problems with the hot roll fixing method.The biggest problem is that when the toner comes into contact with the hot roll surface during fixing and is thermally melted, some of the toner is This is so-called offset development in which a layer is deposited on the roll surface.As a result, the fixed image deteriorates significantly, and if the roll surface is used without cleaning, toner that has adhered to it or transfer material that has no toner adhered to it. In order to prevent this offset development, various methods have been proposed in the past. Methods for treating the surface of a hot roll include coating the roll surface with a low surface energy material (such as fluororesin) that is difficult for hot-melted toner to wet; A method is used in which silicone oil is applied before contact with the toner to form a blood with low surface energy, but even these methods do not completely prevent toner offset, especially in the latter case, due to the supply of silicone oil, wetting,
Requires special consideration before vapor release. Furthermore, various proposals have been made regarding improvements in toner formulation in order to impart non-offset properties to the toner itself. For example, a method of adding a component (paraffin, chlorinated paraffin, oil, fat, plasticizer, etc.) corresponding to the silicone oil to the toner component is effective to some extent in preventing offset. However, it is difficult to completely prevent offset with only these additives, and the additives described above can cause handling problems such as promoting toner blogging and reducing fluidity, as well as a decline in image quality. Because of this, there are significant restrictions on its use, and several proposals have been made regarding resin components used in toner. Although low molecular weight polymers can generally be heated at low temperatures, they are susceptible to offset phenomena. On the other hand, although high molecular weight polymers alleviate the offset phenomenon, they tend to increase the minimum fixing temperature during fixing.Therefore, in order to prevent the offset phenomenon without increasing the minimum fixing temperature, low molecular weight polymers are used. A method using a combination of a polymer and a high molecular weight polymer has been proposed. In Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-28084, a toner whose main component is a mixture of high molecular weight polystyrene with a molecular weight of 6 or more and oligostyrene with a molecular weight of 1000 or less is proposed. , also published in 1977-
No. 114245 proposes a toner whose main component is a mixture of a low-melting resin such as polyester or epoxy and a large molecular weight polymer having a molecular weight of 500,000 or more. Furthermore, in JP-A-50-184652, an α,β-unsaturated ethylenic monomer having a wide molecular weight distribution from low molecular weight −1 to high molecular weight with heavy average molecular weight/number average molecular weight jλ of 3.5 to 40 is disclosed. A toner has been proposed whose main resin component is a resin having as a constituent unit. In these proposals, low molecular weight polymers are used to lower the minimum fixing temperature, high molecular weight polymers are used to provide offset resistance, or a small amount of low molecular weight polymer is used to lower the minimum fixing temperature sufficiently. If the amount is too low or too high, the anti-offset properties of the high molecular weight polymer will be impaired, and therefore fully satisfactory results will not be obtained. Further, offset tends to occur when a low molecular weight polymer is used as the main resin of the toner. Therefore, the special public
No. 28854 proposes a toner using a crosslinked resin with a controlled molecular weight, and JP-A-50-44886 proposes a toner using a resin having a crosslinking bond with a crosslinking energy of about 8 Kml/mo 1 or more. has been done. In these proposals, it is true that offset phenomenon is less likely to occur with a higher degree of crosslinking, but if the lower limit temperature of fixing is i-6<,
As a result, this simply causes a shift to a higher temperature in the constant temperature/range (range from the lower limit temperature to the offset start temperature), which is sufficient for practical use since the upper limit of the fusing temperature is constrained by the device limit. Not the level. [Invention 1] J An object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic charge developing toner for heat roller constant 2D that has good fixing properties, a low fixing lower limit hiding degree, good offset resistance, and a wide fixing temperature range. It is. [Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides a toner for electrostatic image development comprising at least a colorant and a binding component, in which a thermoplastic resin serving as the binding component is heated in a temperature range of 140 C to 220 tl'. The real part (storage modulus) of the complex modulus of elasticity (8Hz, Young's modulus) is 5 × 1 (7'Pa ~ 2 × 10 Paz
Imaginary part (loss modulus) is 5 X 10 Pa ~ I
The present invention relates to a toner that uses a resin in the range of 10 Pa, has a low constant layer minimum ridge degree, has good offset resistance, and has a wide fixing temperature range. Excellent: The fixing properties of Herola fixed-press toner are closely related to the melt viscoelasticity of the thermoplastic resin, which is the binding component used in the toner. Conventionally, the melt viscoelasticity of toner for a constant layer of thermal lff-ra has been measured using an orifice viscometer such as a flow tester.
The outflow rates of ' and ψ are given by the Durham number or outflow rate of the melt passing through a standard orifice at a constant temperature and constant pressure. The higher the melt viscosity, the lower the melt index and flow rate. However, these values have low reliability because the numerical value p varies depending on the standard orifice and how the temperature and pressure are selected, and the data also tends to vary. Furthermore, the melt of 4n.j fat is a typical viscoelastic material, which is a material that exhibits both viscous and elastic properties. However, only the apparent viscosity of the melt is measured using a flow tester or the like. This viscosity must also be measured by correcting the orifice area, and the viscosity of 11111f is also low, and in order to correct the orifice diameter, measurements must be made many times with different orifice diameters and lengths. Must be,
Measurements could not be made quickly either. Therefore, there is a clear difference between the data on the molten state of the resin or toner obtained with the viscosity Nt using these orifices, and the data on the constant 74-degree curve of the toner made using the resin. No correlation was found. The present inventors measured the complex elastic modulus of a toner for constant wear on a heat roller and a thermoplastic resin serving as its binding component while changing the frequency and temperature, and found that the relationship between these substances in a molten state and that for a constant use of a heat roller To study the correlation with toner fixability, we measured the modulus of elasticity by clamping a cylindrical sample with disk-shaped upper and lower cells, and placing the entire cell in a constant temperature bath. One end of the sample is vibrated at a constant frequency to apply sinusoidal vibration to the sample. The applied imaging width and the stress generated at the other end of the sample are detected by a displacement meter and a load cell, respectively, and the signals are amplified and input to an arithmetic circuit, and the stress is divided into strain, an in-phase component, and a component whose phase is V2 ahead. The real part (storage modulus) E/ and the imaginary part (loss bullet 14) F' of the complex modulus of elasticity E are found. Since the imaging at this time is applied in the tensile direction of the sample, the complex modulus of elasticity in this case is Young's modulus (complex tensile modulus). There is the following relationship between the coefficient and the coefficient. E"-E'+iE' E Complex tensile modulus G
Complex shear elasticity

[also f−3(B″−2μ)=2♂(1+μ)r Complex bulk modulus η Complex viscosity coefficient G”−iwη” μ Poisson's ratio Therefore, the viscosity and elasticity of the material in the molten state can be determined by measuring the complex modulus. It is possible to measure both properties.The complex modulus of elasticity is measured in the range of 100C to 260C to cover the actual fixing range of toner for thermal rollers, and the measurement frequency is also from IHz to 800Hz. Frequency dispersion of the elastic modulus of the toner for a constant heat roller jet and the thermoplastic resin that is the elasticity component thereof,
Measure temperature dispersion. As a result, the heat roller constant/1
It was clarified that the constant density of toner for toners occurs in the comb-like inner region and rubber-like flow region in the so-called slow 11th spectrum of elastic modulus, and that the offset phenomenon of toner occurs from the rubber-like flow region to the flow region (terminal end). It was found that the change in the complex modulus of elasticity due to frequency dispersion is 114'' on the temperature conversion side, which led to the present invention.
The change can also be measured by temperature dispersion of the complex modulus of elasticity. That is, the present invention uses a thermoplastic resin as a condensing component of a toner for a hot roller, which has a real part (storage modulus) of a complex modulus of elasticity (3 Hz, Young's modulus) of 5 x 10 Pa in a temperature range of 140C to 220C. ~5 X 10 Pa, imaginary part (loss modulus) is 5 X 10 Pa ~2 X 1
By using a resin in the range of 0 Pa, the toner for heat roller constant titration can be fixed in the fixing temperature range (1401,' to 22
0C), it enters the comb-like Ichihara region and the rubber-like flow region in the relaxation spectrum. The comb-like region here is a box-shaped region with low strength that exhibits rubber elasticity in the relaxation spectrum, and the rubber-like flow region is a state that exhibits rubber elasticity or has a slightly mixed viscosity. It means the part near the end of the box shape. Further, the flow region (terminal region) refers to a region where the elastic recovery ability is reduced and viscosity is dominant and the material flows. Resins with very single molecules or resins with a high degree of crosslinking have a box-shaped part in the comb-like Ichihara region (in the relaxation spectrum).
Resins with a good degree of crosslinking have a false equilibrium region), so toners made with these resins have a high fusing temperature range (140C).
~22011:''), it only enters the rubbery plateau region and does not reach the rubbery fluidity region.Such toner has good offset resistance, but has low rubbery fluidity, so it is difficult to use as a transfer material.
4 or does not penetrate and easily peels off from the transfer material when external force is applied. Also, for low molecular weight resins, the box-shaped part in the relaxation spectrum is smoke or does not exist, so the constant shield temperature is #! , it enters the flow region at the range (140C to 220C). Since the toner that has entered the flow region has a small elastic recovery ability, it is affected by the external force generated by the contact force between the toner and the heated roller.
When the hot roller rotates, the toner flows, and the toner that is stretched by an external force breaks and forms a layer on the roll, creating an offset current. The range of the elementary elastic modulus of the thermoplastic resin serving as the binding component of the toner of the present invention is more preferably 140'C.
Actual kj, xl (storage)'l'-1'j rate) e-
is -5XlO'Pa~2X105Pa, the imaginary part (
Loss bullet/discharge rate) E'' is 2 x 1o6Pa ~ 2 x 105
Pa, real part at 220 C or 8 x 10' Pa
~5X10'Pa, imaginary d-1 or 5 X 105Pa
It is desirable to be in the range of ~5 x IQ'Pa. The relaxation spectrum of the elastic modulus of a resin is the molecule of the resin, 4
Two molecules differ depending on the distribution, degree of crosslinking, and degree of crystallinity; as the average molecular weight increases, the comb-like region corresponding to the box-shaped tjli of the relaxation spectrum becomes longer, and as the molecular weight distribution narrows, The flow region (terminus) of the relaxation spectrum stands out sharply, and when crosslinking occurs, an equilibrium region occurs when the degree of crosslinking is low, and the box-shaped portion does not fall down. As described above, the modulus of elasticity of the resin varies depending on the molecular weight distribution, the degree of crosslinking, and the frequency dispersion and temperature dispersion. The toner has molecular weight, 9-molecule distribution, and degree of crosslinking→
It exhibits excellent fixing properties regardless of the
10 is also wide. Therefore, as long as the resin has an elastic modulus within the range of the present invention, even if the η1 resin is synthesized by radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, condensation, nine-polymerization, etc., the resin Regardless of the type of Because there are so many, the rubbery city area becomes long. Adding a low-molecular resin to this dilutes the entanglement and shortens the rubbery plateau region. Therefore, a resin with a wide molecular weight distribution or a mixture of a resin with a molecular weight of 1 or more and a resin with a high molecular weight can be satisfactory if only the fixing properties are considered. However, toners for thermal roller constant use are required to have toner fluidity at room temperature as overall performance and to not agglomerate on the back of a copying machine or the like. For this reason, it is not preferable that low molecular weight fats be contained in the toner. Therefore, the thermoplastic 1'L fat control that satisfies claim 14 of the elastic modulus of the present invention has a low molecular weight: 1'IJ) with a weighted average molecular weight of 50,000 or more and , 15 to average molecular weight/1↓ of 1.5 to 10.0, more preferably 1.5 to 4.0 (d resin or heat roller constant AI toner of the present invention) In addition, even in the chestnut type resin, the low molecular weight AId +1m is included in the same i system, which is favorable for the fluidity and storage stability -W' of the toner. However, crosslinking a resin having a molecular I-tail that warrants the claims of the elastic modulus of the present invention, or a resin having a molecular weight higher than that, may cause a relaxation spectrum of the elastic modulus. It is undesirable to make the rubber-wiping Ichihara region of the mold even longer or to cause a false equilibrium region.Therefore, as a crosslinked type 11+ host, the weight average of the low molecular weight 11 Crosslinked molecules of a2o, ooo to 200,00 O6 degrees are particularly suitable for the present invention. In addition, all known eyebrow coloring materials can be used as the eyebrow coloring material used in the present invention, including carbon Black pigment for black, aniline black, yellow pigment for yellow lead, cadmium yellow, navy blue cobalt blue, phthalocyanine blue pigment, red pigment, red pigment, cadmilla millet, red pigment for lead tanzen, zinc white, titanium oxide In addition to white pigments such as nigrosine, methylene blue, rose bengal, and quinoline yellow W+, there are also various dyes such as nigrosine, methylene blue, rose bengal, and quinoline yellow W+, as well as triiron tetroxide (Fe804) l r-iron sesquioxide<r-Fetos ), iron zinc nitride (Z n
Fe, o, ) + fluorite powder, metal iron powder,
A combination of cobalt powder, nickel powder, etc. can also be used. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, the toner for heat roller constant waste of the present invention has good fixing properties and a wide window layer temperature range (range from window layer start temperature to offset start temperature). Further, since the toner for constant wear on a heated roller of the present invention has a small amount of low molecular weight resin, it has extremely good storage stability and fluidity. For this reason, the toner of the present invention is reliable and has a long and stable life as a developer. [Examples of the Invention] Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following. Example 1 (Production of thermoplastic resin) Water
200 weight gl Emar O (Kako Atlas)
0.75 parts by weight Silicone defoaming agent T Si280 (Toshiba Silicone) 0.08 parts by weight Styrene
60 parts by weight n-butyl methacrylate 20 parts by weight Carbon tetrachloride 5 parts by weight Ferrous sulfate (Fe80.-7H,0) 0.02 parts by weight Cumene hydroperoxide 0.05 parts by weight Ascorbic acid 0.085 parts by weight Above A substance according to the formulation was polymerized at 40°C under a nitrogen gas stream,
After 4 hours, the polymerization reaction was stopped and the latex contents were
The emulsification was broken by pouring into the same amount of methanol, and the coagulated reaction product was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the desired resin. This resin was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the molecular weight + HI) was determined using a Toyo Adako Awa (HLC-802A) +Th speed GPC device. Weight average molecular weight of the obtained resin) Jw = 128000, number average molecular weight Mn = 52600, Mw/Mn = 2.84
Met. (Manufactured by Toner) Using the above resin as a binding component, mix, cross-wire, crush and classify into two according to the following formulation, and the average particle size is approximately 13, tt.
tn toner was obtained. This toner is referred to as Toner I. The above resin 90 parts by weight carbon black MA100 (Mitsubishi Kasei (Kikki)) 10 parts by weight (elastic modulus measurement) The results of the complex elasticity of the above resin are shown in Figures 1 to 8. Figure 1 shows the complex elasticity measured at each temperature. Elastic modulus E”(=
E' + iE") size 1. Fi"l (v' effect 7
This figure shows the frequency dependence of the 1tsu resistance 7-). Second
The figure shows a master curve of the complex modulus of elasticity 1f1 at a composite L of 180U using the time-temperature conversion rule for the data shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, it can be seen that on the higher frequency side of the frequency vd I Hz, the rubbery plateau region changes, and on the lower frequency Va side, the rubbery fluid region changes to a fluid region. FIG. 8 shows the temperature distribution in aHz of the real part (storage modulus) and imaginary part (loss modulus) of the complex modulus of the same Him fat. Similarly, FIG. 3 shows that at a frequency of 3 Hz, the temperature changes from 120C to 220C, from a rubbery plateau region to a rubbery flow region. Especially, around 200C, imaginary t
The real part is reversed as a tE'+5, which shows that in the Maxwell model represented by a spring and a dashpot, the influence of the dashpot, which is an energy dissipation term, is increasing. Therefore, at temperatures above this temperature, among the viscoelastic properties of the resin, viscous properties become dominant. Example 2 (Thermoplasticity (manufacture of resin)) A resin was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the recipe for manufacturing the thermoplastic resin of Example 1, the t role of carbon tetrachloride was changed to 0 parts. Molecular weight was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and Mw was 159,000% = 78,800.
, Mw/M n = 2.15. (Manufacture of toner) Example 1 was used except that the above resin was used as a binding component.
A toner having an average particle size of about 18 μnl was obtained in the same manner as the toner. This is called toner ■. (Measurement of elastic modulus) The results of measuring the complex modulus of the resin are shown in FIG. 4. The figure shows 3 of the resin of Example 2, which was measured in the same manner as Example 1.
(The reversal of the real part and imaginary part, which is the temperature dispersion of the complex modulus at 1z, occurs at around 220C. [O υ, the temperature is shifted to a higher temperature than that of the resin of Example 1.) Example 8 (Manufacture of thermoplastic resin) A resin was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.5 part by weight of divinylbenzene was newly added as a monomer to the facial expression formulation of the thermoplastic resin in Example 1. .Among the synthesized resins, the gel content, expressed as the ratio of insoluble ■!d fat, was approximately 10%. A toner with an average particle size of approximately 13μ7n was obtained in the same manner as the toner in Example 1. This is referred to as toner 1. (Modulus of elasticity d (result)) The results of measuring the complex modulus of the above i11 fat are shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the temperature distribution of the elastic modulus of the resin of Example 8 at 3H2.Comparative Example 1 (Production of thermoplastic resin) Water 200 parts by weight Completely gunned polyvinyl alcohol 1.51 parts I
Saponified polyvinyl alcohol 0.05 parts Styrene 60 parts by weight n-
Butyl methacrylate 20! i part benzoin peroxide 0.6 parts by weight The substance according to the above formulation was polymerized at 70C under a stream of nitrogen gas, the polymerization reaction was stopped after 8 hours, and the contents were filtered and dried to obtain the desired resin. Obtained. The molecular weight was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and Mw=846.
000, Mn = 83,000, Mw/Mn =
It was IO,5. (Tobu-no-Tozaizo) A toner having an average particle size of about 13 μm was obtained in the same manner as the toner in Example except that the above resin was used as the binding component. This is called toner ■. (Measurement of Bullet 1 Viability Modulus) The results of measuring the complex modulus of elasticity of the above resin are shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows the temperature distribution of the complex modulus of elasticity at 3 Hz for the resin of Comparative Example 1. The reversal of the real and imaginary parts occurs around 160C, and above 200C, the imaginary part becomes completely large and viscosity becomes dominant. Comparative Example 2 (Thermoplastic resin) A resin was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of carbon tetrachloride was changed to 40 parts by weight in the recipe for producing the thermoplastic resin in Example 1. The molecule was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and Mw = J39. QQQ, Mn-19,8
00, Mw/Mn = 1.97. (Manufacture of toner) Except for using the above resin as a binding component, the procedure was the same as the toner of actual flow side 1, with an average particle size of about 18μ? n toners were obtained. This is called toner ■. (Measurement of elastic modulus) The results of measuring the complex elastic modulus of the above resin are shown in FIG. The figure shows the temperature distribution of the complex modulus of elasticity at 8 Hz for the resin of Comparative Example 2. In fact, the reversal of the part and imaginary part occurs around 150 ic9, and the resin of Comparative Example 1 also becomes viscous and dominant at low temperatures and enters the flow region. Comparative Example 3 (Azetsu 5M resin) In the recipe for manufacturing the Azeki heavy resin of Example 1, 0 parts by weight of carbon tetrachloride and 1 part by weight of divinylbenzene were added. In Example 1, a resin was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1. The gel content of the synthesized resin was measured in the same manner as in Example 8, and the gel content was approximately 50%. (Manufacture of toner) The above-mentioned resin binding component is referred to as toner (2). (Measurement of elastic modulus) FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the complex modulus of elasticity of the above resin. The figure shows the temperature distribution of the complex modulus of elasticity at 8 Hz for the resin of Comparative Example 3. Even though the real part is at a high temperature, the imaginary part is much larger, indicating typical rubber elasticity. Since the elastic modulus is in the coagulation equilibrium region, it hardly changes even at high temperatures, and it does not reach the rubber-like flow region. In the above Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, the fixing start temperature of the obtained toners, respectively. The offset onset temperature and storage stability were investigated. A developing agent was prepared by mixing 5 parts by weight of each toner and 95 parts by weight of an iron powder carrier (Dowa iron powder DSP). These developers are used in the electrophotographic copying machine RheoDry 4.
511 (manufactured by Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.), a toner image is formed on Toshiba specified paper used as a transfer material, and fixed by a heating roller constant fixer set at an arbitrary temperature to determine the fixability of the toner image. And the presence or absence of offset was determined by Nil. The fixing device does not have an oil coating system, and consists of a heating roller whose surface is coated with Teflon and a silicone rubber roller that is in pressure contact with the heating roller.Fixing is carried out under the conditions of a linear pressure of 80 kf/1 in, and a transfer material feeding speed of 15011 m/sec. This is what was done. In addition, the storage stability of each toner is 50%
Fixability was determined by the presence or absence of toner aggregation after being left at a constant temperature of C for 12 hours. The fixing start temperature was set to the temperature at which no peeling occurred. The above results are shown in the table below. Table Toner fixability and storage stability

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 8 are diagrams showing the measurement results of the complex modulus of elasticity of the resin of Example 1 of the present invention. +
Diagram showing the frequency dependence of the complex elastic modulus determined by Ill, WJ
Figure 21 shows the master curve obtained from the results in Figure 1, Figure 81 shows the temperature dispersion of the real part and imaginary part of the complex modulus, and Figure 4 shows the results obtained by implementing the present invention. FIG. 51 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution of the complex modulus of elasticity of the resin of Example 2, and FIGS. 6 to 8 are diagrams showing the temperature distribution of the complex modulus of the resin of Example 8 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution of the complex modulus of elasticity of the resin, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the resin of Comparative Example 1, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the resin of Comparative Example 2.
FIG. 8 is a diagram similarly showing the characteristics of the resin of Comparative Example 3. Agent Patent attorney Noriyuki Chika (and 1 other person) Figure 5 Shokoryo (°C) Sadada 17 1”Vl Figure 6 Correct (°C) Five degrees (°C) Figure 8 ρ Sρ 1l) l) /Sρ Otoυ
7Sρ mixture (°C)

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1,) In a toner for developing an electrostatic image comprising at least a 71''f coloring material and a binding component, the temperature range of the thermoplastic resin serving as the binding component is from 140C to 220C. The real part (storage modulus) of the complex modulus of elasticity (3Hz, Young's modulus) is 5 x 10 Pa ~ 5 x 10 Pa% The imaginary part (loss modulus) is 5 x 10 Pa ~ 2 x 1
A toner for developing electrostatic images that is patented to be within the range of 0 Pa. (2) The weight average molecular weight of the binding component and thermoplastic resin is 5
0.000 or more, weight average molecular weight/number average molecule (3) The thermoplastic resin serving as the binding component is composed of a polyfunctional monomer (bi- and partially cross-linked resin).