JPS5911056B2 - 摩滅性シ−ル複合構体 - Google Patents

摩滅性シ−ル複合構体

Info

Publication number
JPS5911056B2
JPS5911056B2 JP751053A JP105375A JPS5911056B2 JP S5911056 B2 JPS5911056 B2 JP S5911056B2 JP 751053 A JP751053 A JP 751053A JP 105375 A JP105375 A JP 105375A JP S5911056 B2 JPS5911056 B2 JP S5911056B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
ceramic
metal
composite
metal substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP751053A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPS5097608A (ja
Inventor
ジヨン エルバ−ト レイモンド
ド ベ−ル バツチヤ− アラン
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chromalloy American Corp
Original Assignee
Chromalloy American Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chromalloy American Corp filed Critical Chromalloy American Corp
Publication of JPS5097608A publication Critical patent/JPS5097608A/ja
Publication of JPS5911056B2 publication Critical patent/JPS5911056B2/ja
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
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    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
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    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
    • F16J15/10—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
    • F16J15/12—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering
    • F16J15/121—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement
    • F16J15/122—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing with metal reinforcement or covering with metal reinforcement generally parallel to the surfaces
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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    • Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は摩滅性シールに関する。
このシールは金属基材と金属／セラミック構体を備え、
該構体において金属／セラミック組成の比率が順次に異
なる。
本シールは１６５０℃の高温運転に耐えるものである。
可動部材と静止部材間のクレアランスを非常に小さいも
のにすることが要求される場合は多い。
例えばタービンにおいて、タービン・ブレードとタービ
ン・ハウジング間のクレアランスは可及的に小さくされ
るが、そのようなクレアランスを実際に得るのは大変難
しい。
微小クレアランスをもたせた嵌合は、各部材の製作許容
誤差を小さく設定すれば可能であるが、そのような高精
度加工は費用が掛かり過ぎて実際の商業ベースに合わな
い。
さらに部材の熱膨張係数がそれぞれ違うことにより、嵌
合されたそれら部材が高温環境下に置かれた場合、それ
ら部材間のクレアランスは増大または減少する。
減少の場合、部材間に摩擦接触が起り、これによってさ
らに高温の発熱が生じ、部材の一方または両方の損傷が
おき易い。
クレアランス増大の場合には、これがタービンであれば
、タービン・ブレードの先端とハウジング間におけるガ
ス漏れが大きくなり、従ってガスのエネルギー利用率が
十分でなくなるから、稼働効率が落ちる。
タービンにおいて、回転部材の熱膨張やタービン・ハウ
ジングの非同心的変形によってター・ビン・ブレードの
摩擦接触が生じた場合、摩滅できるような摩滅性被覆を
タービン・ハウジングの内面に被覆することは、種々の
方法により行なわれている。
このような被覆は、摩擦接触が起きた場合には、ロータ
ーの損傷を防ぐと同時に、タービン各段間のガス漏れを
押える。
タービンにそのような被覆を施す方法は、タービンの稼
働効率を上げるだけでなく、タービン部材の摩滅しきっ
たシールの迅速且つ経済的な交換を可能にする。
ところで現在使用されている摩滅性シールの多くはその
組成が主として金属であり、従って高温環境での使用に
適さない。
適用できるのは表面温度が１１５０℃を超えない場合で
ある。
しかし現代のジェット・エンジンで用いられるシールは
１６５０℃の高温に耐えるようなものでなくてはならな
い。
セラミック材科ならこのような高温にも耐えられるし、
また多孔質被覆の形で摩滅性シールは延展性に欠け、ま
た、被覆さるべき基材は普通高温度特性の良好な、また
強度の高い且つ耐蝕性のニッケル又はコバルト系の合金
属（以下「超合金」と言う）が多いのだが、セラミック
はこのような基材とよく接合しない。
この理由から、タービンにおいて普通に用いられる材料
に、セラミックの摩滅性シールを直接接合することを、
実際に行なうのは難しいのである。
この材料は約１４００ないし１５００℃で溶ける超合金
でなければならず、そして耐火物や貴金属はそのように
高温なタービン運転温度における充分な耐酸化性をもっ
ていない。
現在のセラミック／金属接合技術における別の重要な欠
点は、そのような接合を行なおうとすること自体から必
然的に、接合が薄くされることである。
普通セラミックと金属の熱膨張係数は異なり、従って熱
運転においてひずみが生じるが、このひずみは接合部分
で吸収しなけねばならないから、この薄い接合部分に大
きな応力が掛かる。
このような接合構体がタービンの熱運転によく耐えない
ことは明らかであろう。
それでもなお、金属部材を高熱から防護し、且つ回転す
るタービン・ブレードが接触した場合、摩滅できるシー
ルは、なくてはならないものなのである。
一般的にいえば本発明はセラミックの頂部層とクロム含
有超合金粉末の底部層とを備える、１６５０℃ないしそ
れ以上の温度で運転するガス・タービンに使用される摩
滅性シールに関する。
セラミック／金属混合物の中間層が少なくとも２個設け
られ、全セラミックから全金属までの組成比率段階ヲモ
った構体が作られる。
各層ごとにセラミックと金属粉末は水と混合されてペー
ストとされ、このペーストが順次重ねられて組成段階の
ある構体に形成される。
次いで緩つくり乾かさね、金属基村上に置かれる。
基村上に重ねられた複合構体は加圧され、そして焼結と
結合が終わるまで炉内で加熱される。
ペースト状にされる第１層は実質的にセラミックだけか
ら成る。
このセラミックは約３２５メッシュ粉末から稠密までの
粒子寸法範囲の粒子、または約０．２５ｍｍ直径の中空
球の形が好適である。
この耐火物は、約１６００℃以上の温度で熱変質しない
、アルミナ、ジルコニア、セリア、イットリア、シリカ
、マグネシアのような酸化金属の内の一種類またはこれ
らの混合物のいずれであってもよい。
結合剤としてコロイド状シリカその他適当な材料が添加
される。
これは３重量係以下のシリカが好適であるが、それ以上
のパーセンテージでもよい。
必要であればこのセラミック層は、中空セラミック球で
成る層と、セラミック粉末で成る層とで構成してもよい
。
この層の厚さは場合に応じて異なるが、少なくとも１．
２５ｍｍでなければならない。
最終または金属層は実質的または全体的に耐酸化性クロ
ム含有超合金粉末で成り、これに超合金と、シリコン、
ホウ素、リン等のようなロウ付け助勢剤とを合わせたも
ので成るロウ付け粉末が混合される。
好適な合金としては、ニッケル，／クロム、コバルト／
クロム、鉄／クロム等であり、これにアルミニウムまた
はチタンが加わることがある。
コロイド状シリカその他適当な結合剤が、約３重量パー
セント以下添加される。
このパーセンテージはもつと多くともよい。
この金属粉末の粒子寸法は好適には約１００ないし１５
０メッシュであるが、そわより幾分大きくまたは小さく
できる。
この金属層の厚さは少なくともＱ． ２ ５ ｍｍ、好
適には０．７５ないし１．５關である。
最初のセラミック層と最後の金属層の間の中間層なセラ
ミック粉末と超合金粉末の混合物で作られる。
セラミック粉末（先に挙げたような種類のもの）の粒子
寸法は、どの層でも、３２５メッシュ以下である。
超合金粉末の粒子寸法は、どの層でも、少なくとも２０
０メッシュ、好適には１００ないし１５０メッシュとさ
れる。
コロイド状シリカ等のような適当な結合剤が約３係各層
ごとに添加される。
これら中間層の厚さは少なくとも０．２５ないし１．
５ ｍｍ，好適にはＬＯｍｍとされる。
本発明において全セラミック層は最初充分な水を使って
ペーストを作ることにより形成される。
この材料は次いで所定の厚さに均等に散布され、そして
このセラミック層はモールド内に置かれる。
次にセラミック／金属粉末混合物の層が同じように水を
加えて所定の厚さに作られ、それから最初の全セラミッ
ク層上に重ねられる。
このセラミック／金属層の上に少なくとも１個またはそ
れ以上のセラミック／金属粉末混合物層が重ねられる。
これら層は順次に金属比率を大きくされる。
これらセラミック／金属層の上に最後に、全金属粉末層
が重ねられる。
この全金属層も水を混ぜて作られる。
こうして全ての層がモールドまたは同様なものの中に重
ねられたら、この複合物は少なくとも約ＩＫｐ／ｆｆｌ
好ましくは１ ７ ５ Ｋｙ／ａｉｒの圧力が掛けられ
る。
この圧力は複合物が乾燥オーブン内で乾かされる間中、
維持される。
約１２５℃の温度が少なくとも２時間加えられる。
構体のひび割れを起す急激なガス噴出を行なわせないよ
うに、加熱は時間をかけて緩つくり行なわれる。
乾燥した複合物は基材へ取付けられる。
このとき初めに、基材は最終層におけるのと同じ材質の
ロウ付け粉末を被覆され、そして複合構体が次ぎに基材
上に置かれる。
固定具により複合物と基材の接触を保持する。
加熱によって複合物の材料が容易に膨張するようなら、
掴持装置で充分であろうが、好適にはブラダーのような
積極加圧装置が用いられる。
普通約７０＆／ＣＩ１ｌの圧力で、複合物と基材の良好
な接合が得られる。
加熱は、水素、ヘリウム、アルゴンのような不活性雰囲
気中で行なわれる。
この温度は少なくとも１１００℃、好適には１２２５℃
とされる。
複合物へ加えられる圧力は、乾燥工程の間複合物の一体
性を保ち、そして基材へのロウ付けをよく行なわせるに
充分な圧力でなければならないが、またその圧力はセラ
ミック層の多孔性を破壊するほど大きくてはいけない。
セラミック層に摩滅性をもたせ、従って良好なシール材
料の機能をもたせるものは、その多孔性であり、焼結し
てなお、個々の粒子が存在しているごときその構体によ
るのである。
次に幾つかの実例を挙げる。
第１例 次のようにして摩滅性シール複合構体が作られそして基
材へ取付けられた。
全部で以下のような６種類の異なる材料が用われた。
材料リスト Ａ ノートン社製中空アルミナ球、グレイドＥ１６３泡
立てられたアルミナ、３ ５／６ ０メッシュ寸法。
Ｂ アルコア社製アルミナ粉末、グレイドＡ−１０−３
２５メッシュ。
Ｃ メタケイ酸ナトリウム、無水、−３２５メッシュ。
Ｄ テカツサ製コロイド状シリカ、アエロゾル２００グ
レイド。
Ｅ ＮｉＣｒ粉末（Ｎｉ８０重量係、Ｃ ｒ２０重量
％）１００／１５０メッシュ。
Ｆ ＮｉＣｒＳｉ ロウ付け粉末 ＡＭ Ｓ ４
７ ８ ２ ，１００／１５０メッシュ。
※※ これら材科を用いて８個の
異なる層が作られた。
これら層の組成を重量係で示すと次の通りである。
ポリエステルの薄いフイルムが平らな面上に置かれ、そ
して所定の幅と厚さを与えるためのスペーサ棒を備えて
、第１層が該フィルム上に均等に散布された。
気泡が除かれ、表面は滑らかで平らにされた。
次いで第２層が作られ、第１層上に重ねられた。
同じようにして第３層ないし第７層が作られ、順次重ね
られた。
金属粉末の第８層が、また湿った状態の内に、第７層上
に散布され、そして滑らかに且つ平らにされた。
この湿れている複合物は次いで、正しい半径をもつ形に
するため、適当な彎曲固定具上に置かれた。
焼結された５０重量係のＡ粉末と５０重量係のＢ粉末の
０．２５ｍｍ層を被覆しておいた支持固定 ，基材が、
その湿潤複合物上に押圧され、そしてこの全体が乾燥用
固定具内に置かれた。
乾燥は高湿度（約９５係の湿度）室内で、４５℃の温度
で８時間、次いで７０℃で８時間、最後に１２５℃で２
時間行なわれた。
この時間をかけて非常に緩っ ．くりと乾燥を行なうこ
とにより、構体のひび割れの原因となるガス放出が避け
られる。
乾燥が終了した後、炉中試験用の試料が採られた。
複合物と基材は再び拘束固定具内に入れられ、乾燥水素
雰囲気中で緩つくり加熱された。
温度が１０００℃に達したとき、ブラダー型固定具は３
５Ｆ／ｉまで加圧された。
この加圧により複合物は基材と密着するように押された
。
温度が１２２５℃に達したとき、圧力は７ ０ ，！ｉ
ｔ ／ｃｒｉｔまで増加され、そしてこの状態のまま２
時間維持された。
次いで、７０ＥＺ／ｃｕｔの圧力を保持したまま、１０
００℃まで冷却された。
次いで圧力は３５，９／ｄまで下げられ、そしてこの圧
力は温度が８７５℃に下がるまで維持された。
温度が８７５℃になったとき、圧力は全て解除され、そ
して組立体が炉から出されて全ての工程が完了した。
こうして作られた製品は金属基材へ接合した多孔質の、
摩滅性のあるセラミック表面を構成し、この表面は酸化
性雰囲気に対する抵抗性をもち、少なくとも１６５０℃
の温度に耐え、そして高熱運転においても何の損傷も受
けない表面であった。
第２例 第１例と同様にして摩滅性シール複合構体が作られ、そ
して基材へ取付けられた。
次のような５種類の材料が使われた。
Ａ．ノートン社製中空ＣａＯ安定ジルコニア球、グレイ
ド、ジルノライト■．泡立てられたジルコニア。
Ｂ．ジルコニア社製１６．９重量％イットリア安定ジル
コニア粉末、−３２５メッシュ。
Ｃ．デュポン社製コロイド状シリカ、グレイド、ポジテ
ィブＳｏｌ １３０Ｍ Ｄ．ＮｉＣｒ粉末（Ｎｉ８０重量係、Ｃｒ２０重量係）
１００／１５０メッシュ。
Ｅ．ＮｉＣｒＳｉ ｏウ付け粉末、ＡＭ Ｓ ４ ７
８ ２、１００／１５０メッシュ。
これら材科から８個の異なる層の複合物が作られた。
各層の組成比率（重量％）は以下の通りであった。
これら層は第１例と同様に形成且つ組立てられそしてこ
の複合物は乾かされ、金属基材へ取付けられた。
そし゛Ｃ第１例と同じように多孔質の摩滅性表面が得ら
れた。
第３例 第１例と同様にして摩滅性シール複合構体が基※※材へ
取付けられた。
次の６種類の材料が使われた，Ａ．ノートン社製中空Ｃ
ａＯ安定ジルコニア球、グレード、ジルノライトＩ，泡
立てられたジルコニア。
Ｂ．ジルコニア社製１６．９重量係イツｌ− ＩＪア安
定ジルコニア粉末−３２５メッシュ。
Ｃ．デュポン社製コロイド状シリカ、グレイド、ポジテ
ィブＳｏ］．１３０Ｍ（水懸濁）。
Ｄ．結合剤として、スタイン・ホール社製ジャガー重合
体ＪＢ、グアルゴム誘導体。
Ｅ．ＮｉＣｒ粉末（Ｎｉ８０重量係、Ｃ［２０重量％）
１ ０ ０／１ ５ ０メッシュ。
Ｆ．アローイ メタル インコーポレーテツド製のＡｍ
ｄｒｙ ４ ０ ０ロー付け粉末（Ｃｏ ，Ｃｒ ，Ｎ
ｉ，Ｓｉ及び少量のＢとＷを含むロー付金属粉末、１
４ ０／２ ７ ０メッシュ）。
これらのあるものは均等性をよくし、構成を容易にする
ため予め混合された。
すなわち結合剤としてＤを１％含む溶液がＣによって作
られた。
また金属粉末として、Ｆを２５重量係含む混合物がＥと
共に作られた。
材料Ａのセラミックは寸法によって２つに分類された。
これら材科から５個の層が作られた。
これら層の組成の重量係を以下に示す。
正確な厚さと幅を与えるためのスペーサ棒を備えた、薄
い（０．１ｍｍ）ニッケル・フォイル上に、第１層が均
等に散布され、次いで所要形状のモールドへ移された。
第２層が、薄い（ ０．０ ３ ７ ｍｍ）ポリエステ
ル（マイラー）フイルム上へ置かれる以外は、第１層と
同じようにして作られ、次いで裏返されてモールド内の
第１層上に重ねられ、そしてポリエステル・フイルムが
はがされ、この面に第３層が重ねられた。
他の層も同じように作られ、重ねられた。
全部の層がモールド内に重ねられた後、１７５Ｋ２／Ｃ
ｒ？ｔの圧力が加えられ、ボルト留めされた。
複合物の入っているモールドは乾燥オーブンで初め５時
間４５℃の温度に置かれ、次いで５時間８０℃、最後に
５時間１２５℃の温度に置かれた。
次ぎに複合物は第１例と同じようにして金属基材固定物
ヘロウ付けされた。
こうして作られた製品は、第１例、第２例の場合と同じ
く、金属基材へ堅く接合した多孔質の、摩滅性セラミッ
ク表面を構成し、この表面は少なくとも１６５０℃の酸
化性雰囲気に対す鵡抵抗性を有し、損傷さｉｆに高熱運
転に耐えるものであった。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １ 熱運転に耐える、焼結された摩滅性シール多層複合
    構体において、耐高温酸化性の、多孔質の、摩滅可能な
    セラミック表面層、金属基材へ接合される金属底面層、
    およびセラミック／金属混合物の少なくとも２個の中間
    層を備え、各該中間層のセラミック／金属組成のセラミ
    ックの比率が該セラミック表面層に隣接する中間層にお
    いて最も高く、そして次の層に行くに従って順次に低く
    なる上記構体。 ２ 焼結された摩滅性シール多層複合構体を作る方法に
    おいて、 ａ）セラミック材科の粒子に水と結合剤を混ぜてペース
    トを作り、これから所要厚さの表面層を形成すること、 ｂ）該セラミック材料の粒子にクロム含有超合金の粒子
    、水および結合剤を混ぜてペーストを作り、これから所
    要厚さの中間層を形成し、該中間層は該表面層の上に置
    くこと、 Ｃ）上記（ｂ）段階のようにしてさらに別の少なくとも
    １つの中間層を形成し、これらの各中間層はそのセラミ
    ックに対する金属の比率をそれぞれ先行の中間層より高
    いものとし、そしてその各各の中間層をそれぞれの先行
    中間層の上に置くこと、 ｄ）クロム含有超合金の粒子にロウ付け助勢剤と水を混
    ぜてペーストを作り、これから所要厚さの金属底面層を
    形成し、該金属底面層は最後の該中間層の上に置くこと
    、 ｅ）それら組合せた層を、適当な固定具内において少な
    くとも１ ７ ５ Ｋｙ／ｃｒｉｔの初期圧力を掛け、
    次いで緩つくりと加熱乾燥すること、 ｆ）上記乾燥した複合物を金属基材に配置して金属底部
    層を該金属基材と接触させ、更に該複合物を焼結させ且
    つ該複合物を該金属基材に接合するのに充分な時間で、
    該複合物を金属基材に接触させるに充分な圧力下で、不
    活性あるいは還元性ふん囲気中で焼結温度に加熱するこ
    と、の各段階を有することを特徴とする上記方法。
JP751053A 1973-12-26 1974-12-24 摩滅性シ−ル複合構体 Expired JPS5911056B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/427,493 US3975165A (en) 1973-12-26 1973-12-26 Graded metal-to-ceramic structure for high temperature abradable seal applications and a method of producing said
US427493 1973-12-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5097608A JPS5097608A (ja) 1975-08-02
JPS5911056B2 true JPS5911056B2 (ja) 1984-03-13

Family

ID=23695102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP751053A Expired JPS5911056B2 (ja) 1973-12-26 1974-12-24 摩滅性シ−ル複合構体

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US (1) US3975165A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5911056B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1025643A (ja)
DE (1) DE2460765C3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2256125B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1498189A (ja)
IT (1) IT1026167B (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1498189A (en) 1978-01-18
DE2460765B2 (de) 1977-08-04
US3975165A (en) 1976-08-17
DE2460765A1 (de) 1975-07-10
FR2256125B1 (ja) 1979-08-10
IT1026167B (it) 1978-09-20
FR2256125A1 (ja) 1975-07-25
JPS5097608A (ja) 1975-08-02
CA1025643A (en) 1978-02-07
DE2460765C3 (de) 1978-03-23

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