JPS58164954A - Solar heat utilizing heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the titled heat exchanger which is capable of performing cooling and heating operations and which is manufactured at low cost without the provision of an absorption type cooler by a method wherein a moisture absorbing material such as a silica gel which is dehydrated by heating and which absorbs water by cooling is used. CONSTITUTION:A black surface forming the heat transfer surface of a collector 10 is cooled at night in winter and the moisture absorbing material 24 absorbs a large quantity of water present in a casing 12. When the sun rises and the black surface 20 is heated by sunlight 18, the moisture absorbing material 24 is heated to release water vapor and the water circulating through the heat exchanger 30 is heated to be taken out from the collector 10 for performing a heating operation. On the other hand, when the moiture absorbing material 24 is dried by being heated by sunlight in daytime in summer and is cooled by the releasing of heat from the black surface 20, it begins to absorb the water in the casing 12 and the water immersed in felt 28 of the moisture absorbing material vaporizes so that the heat exchanger 30 adjacent to the felt 28 is cooled by the latent heat of vaporization and a fluid circulating through the heat exchanger is cooled for performing a cooling operation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heat exchange device using solar heat, and more particularly to an effective heating and cooling system using solar heat.

Due to the recent rise in energy prices and the prospect of future resource shortages, the need for energy conservation and the development of new energy is being called out in the field of consumer energy, and various countermeasures are being considered, and energy sources are being sought from a wide range of fields. Research is being conducted. Among these, the use of solar energy has been considered for a long time because it is one of the energy sources most familiar to humankind.

The conventional method of using solar energy is to use it as thermal energy, but this requires special equipment such as a heat collector and a special mechanism for heat collection.
This makes the utilization system extremely complicated and expensive, which is a major obstacle to the widespread use of solar heat utilization.

In particular, in the field of air-conditioning and heating systems that utilize solar heat, which have been attracting attention recently, the heat collected in a collector is stored in a heat storage device, and attempts are being made to utilize such stored solar heat for air-conditioning, heating, and hot water supply. In order to do this, in addition to a heat storage device, special equipment such as an absorption chiller is required, which makes the equipment large and is a major reason for the significant increase in costs. It is.

The present invention was made against the background of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to replace the absorption refrigerator, etc. required in conventional solar heating and cooling systems. An object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost heat exchange device that utilizes solar heat and is capable of cooling and heating a room without requiring a large amount of heat.

In order to achieve such an objective, the present invention includes (a) a casing formed watertight, and (b) a surface provided on the casing that serves as a solar heat absorbing surface while also preventing external radiation. a heat transfer surface which also serves as a heat dissipation surface; A hygroscopic material that absorbs moisture by cooling, and (d
) a water-absorbing material in which a predetermined amount of water has been pre-absorbed, which is disposed within the casing and separate from the moisture-absorbing material, and which absorbs condensed water generated within the casing; and (e) a water-absorbing material within the casing. A fluid disposed in close proximity to and caused to flow therein is heated by steam generated from the moisture absorbing material due to the transfer of solar heat from the heat transfer surface, while evaporating from the moisture absorbing material as the moisture is absorbed by the moisture absorbing material. A heat exchange device utilizing solar heat is configured to include a heat exchange means for cooling by latent heat of evaporation of water. '□ ・1 According to this configuration, the fluid flowing through the heat exchange means arranged in the casing is heated and cooled by the water removal and moisture absorption effects of the moisture absorbing material housed in the casing. Therefore, simply by providing a heat storage tank, such as a tank for storing cold or hot water, in this heat exchange device, it is possible to freely obtain cold or hot air by introducing cold or hot water from such a tank. This is possible. Therefore, a device such as a conventional absorption refrigerator is not required at all, and this greatly simplifies the device and greatly contributes to reducing the cost of the system.

Next, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, embodiment 2.8 according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

First, in FIG. 1 showing an embodiment of the present invention, a solar collector 10 serving as a heat exchange device is constructed of a box-shaped honeycomb casing 1.
2, the casing 12 is covered with a mantle 14 on all but one side, and a heat insulating material 16 is interposed and filled between the casing 12 and the mantle 14, so that the casing 12 The inside is insulated from the outside. Further, the surface of the shell casing 12 that is not covered with the heat insulating material 16 is made into a black surface 20 by a known method such as painting, and sunlight 18 is irradiated thereon. . Incidentally, in order to protect the black surface 2o, a galanic plate 22 is provided on the surface.

Further, on the back side of the black surface 2o of the casing 12, that is, on the inside of the casing 12, a granular moisture absorbing material 2 such as zeolite or silica gel is placed in contact with the black surface 20.
4 are held and arranged by a moisture absorbing material holding net 26.

On the other hand, a felt 28 is arranged as a water absorbing member at the bottom inside the watertight casing 12, and the felt 28 is impregnated with a predetermined amount of water.

A fin sealed tube heat exchanger 80 is disposed between the felt 28 and the moisture absorbent material 24 held by the moisture absorbent material holding net 26 and in close proximity to the felt 28. . The fin sealed tube heat exchanger 80 includes a pipe 82 and a number of fins 34 fixed to the pipe 32, as shown in the figure.
The pipe 82 penetrates the watertight casing 12 and is guided to the outside, so that a predetermined amount of fluid such as water to be heated or cooled flows through the vibe 82. . Note that when impregnating the felt 28 with water, the inside of the watertight casing 12 is first vacuumed (effectively, 7
mmHg or less), and then water is poured into the casing 12 and is absorbed by the felt 28.

Therefore, in a device having such a configuration, first of all, when heating is required, for example, at night in winter, the collector 10
As the black surface 20, which serves as a heat transfer surface, is cooled, the moisture absorbing material 24 absorbs a large amount of moisture present in the casing 12. Then, the sun rises, the sunlight 18 heats the black surface 20, and the heat transmitted through the black surface 20 causes the net 2 to rise.
When the hygroscopic material 24 held in the heat exchanger 30 is heated, the hygroscopic material 24 releases urine as water vapor, and this water vapor heats a predetermined fluid, such as water, which is made to flow through the heat exchanger 30. , will be taken out from the connector 10 as heated water.Therefore, by using this heated water for heating, the intended heating will be performed. Moisture condensed through heat exchange on the surface is absorbed and retained by the lower felt 28, which is a water-absorbing material.

On the other hand, when cooling is required, for example during the daytime in summer, solar heat supplied by sunlight 18 and absorbed by the black surface 20 causes the hygroscopic material 2 to
4 is heated and dried. When the moisture absorbing material 24 is cooled down by heat radiation from the black surface 20 at night, it begins to absorb moisture in the casing 12, and at this time, as the moisture in the casing 2 decreases, the felt 28 is impregnated. The water that is allowed to evaporate will evaporate. Then, this moisture takes the latent heat of vaporization from the moisture in the felt 28, so the moisture in the felt 28 is cooled, which cools the heat exchanger 30 in the vicinity of the felt 28, and the following. Thus, the fluid flowing through the heat exchanger 30 is cooled, and this is used for air conditioning.

Thus, according to this configuration, the watertight casing 12
The water content of the moisture absorbing material 24 such as zeolite or silica gel held within the material changes depending on the temperature, and when heated, it dehydrates and when cooled, it absorbs water.
Since it is designed to be used for cooling and heating and cooling, heating and cooling are performed within the collector 10. Therefore, unlike conventional collectors that take out only heated fluid, absorption Heating and cooling can be performed using a simple system without using equipment such as refrigerators.

Incidentally, as an applied system, the pipes 82 of the heat exchanger 80 of the collector 10 as shown above are connected to a heat storage tank (for storing cold water or hot water), and a pump sends fluid to the collector 10. If heated or cooled fluid such as water is held in the heat storage tank, hot or cold air can be used as desired via the convector. Therefore, since warm air and cold air can be obtained with such a simple structure, it has become possible to significantly reduce conut as a system. In addition, in the overcast structure, the casing 12
Since the interior is evacuated and the amount of air inside is reduced as much as possible, the movement of water vapor within the space within the casing 12 is facilitated, and the movement of water vapor as described above is facilitated. There is.

In another embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the watertight casing is formed from an aluminum extrusion
Its major feature is that it is composed of 2. That is, the extruded aluminum profile 42 is made watertight by the middle bottom cover 44 fitted thereto, and a lower bottom cover 46 is further fitted to the outside thereof on the lower side thereof, and the middle bottom cover 44 and the bottom bottom cover are connected to each other. 46, a predetermined heat insulating material 16 is interposed between the heat insulating material 16 and the heat insulating material 16 to prevent heat from being transferred to the lower side. The outer surface of the aluminum extruded section 42 is painted black to give it a black surface 41, which serves as a heat absorption surface that is irradiated with sunlight, and also serves as a heat radiation surface that cools the inside according to the outside temperature. It constitutes a heat transfer surface. Further, a plurality of ribs 50 for promoting heat transfer are provided on the back side of the extruded aluminum member 42, that is, on the inside of the casing, and a moisture absorbing material 24 is arranged so as to be filled between the B ribs 50. The absorbent material holding net 26 is arranged so as to be in contact with the back side of the black surface 41. On the other hand, the felt 28 impregnated with a predetermined amount of water and a pipe 52 serving as a heat exchanger are placed on the inner bottom cover 44, and the pipe 52 is attached to the inner bottom cover 44 as shown in FIG. and is led to the outside through the lower bottom lid 46, allowing a predetermined fluid to flow from the outside.

In the apparatus of this embodiment, the shape member 42, which is the main part of the casing, is manufactured all at once by extrusion of aluminum. The formation of the ribs 50 has the effect of further effectively promoting heat transfer between the black surface 41, which is a heat transfer surface, and the moisture absorbing material 24.

In still another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 4, the solar collector 600 casing is constructed from an aluminum extruded section 62 with a circular cross section, and the inside thereof is formed by a moisture absorbent retaining net 26 and a partition bottom plate 66. It is divided into 8 parts, and a heat insulating material 16 is provided in the part surrounded by the partition bottom plate 66 and the extruded shape member 62 having a circular cross section for heat insulation from the inside.
There are nine. Further, the extruded shape member 62 having a circular cross section,
The outer surface on the side where the net 26 is provided is a black surface 64, which serves as a solar energy absorption surface when irradiated with sunlight, and also serves as a heat radiation surface.

The moisture absorbent material 24 is housed in a compartment partitioned off by the net 26 so as to be in contact with the black surface 64 from the inside. In addition, the net 26 and the partition bottom plate 6
A felt 28 impregnated with a predetermined amount of water and a vibro 8 serving as a heat exchanger through which a predetermined fluid can be circulated from the outside are arranged in the space between the felt 28 and the vibro 8.

In this embodiment, the watertight casing is constructed of an extruded aluminum section 62 with a circular cross section;
It has the advantage of being extremely easy to manufacture and extremely simple to make watertight.

Although the second and eighth embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited in any way by the description of these embodiments. The present invention includes, without departing from the spirit of the present invention,
Various changes, modifications, etc. can be made based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

For example, the most desirable material for the casing is aluminum or its alloy, but other metal materials may also be used. In addition, although the heat transfer surface has been described as a surface coated with black as a black surface in each of the above embodiments, this is by no means to be interpreted as being limited to such a surface coated with black. Various known heat transfer surfaces can be used, and especially when aluminum or its alloy material is used for the casing, the aluminum or ram surface can be processed to provide an excellent solar heat selection. It is also possible to use an absorbent surface.

Thus, in the present invention, zeolite.

The water content of hygroscopic materials such as silica gel changes depending on the temperature, and the property of dehydrating by heating and absorbing water by cooling is used to construct a heat exchange device that utilizes solar heat. This made it possible to easily cool the air conditioner without the need for complicated equipment such as a machine, and it became possible to create a low-cost cooling system, which in turn made it possible to complete a comprehensive air-conditioning and heating system using solar heat.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a solar heat exchanger according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 are cross-sectional views showing still another embodiment of the present invention. 10.40.60: Solar collector 12: Watertight casing 16: Insulating material 14- 20.41, 64: Black surface (heat transfer surface) 24: Moisture absorbing material
26: Moisture-absorbing retention net 28: Felt (water-absorbing material) Applicant: Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd. 15-

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A watertight casing, a heat transfer surface provided on the casing that serves as a solar heat absorption surface and also a heat radiation surface to the outside; a hygroscopic material disposed within the casing to perform heat transfer between the casing and the heat transfer surface, which loses moisture through heating and absorbs moisture through cooling; a water-absorbing material in which a predetermined amount of water has been absorbed and absorbs condensed water generated in the casing; and a fluid disposed in close proximity to the water-absorbing material in the casing and caused to flow therethrough. heat exchange means that is heated by steam generated from the moisture absorbing material by transmission of solar heat from the heat transfer surface, and cooled by the latent heat of vaporization of water that evaporates from the water absorbent material as the moisture absorption material absorbs moisture. A heat exchange device using solar heat. (2) The device according to claim 1, wherein after the inside of the casing is evacuated, a predetermined amount of water is injected and absorbed by the water-absorbing material.