JPH1088962A - Gallery drifting method and drilling device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for safely drift a gallery by drilling an advance hole at a central part of a working face, and drilling a right and a left side advance holes at the predetermined hole length, which is to be enlarged and extended at the predetermined angle against the central advance hole, and drifting the gallery at a degree that the residual length of the central hole is maintained at the predetermined length or more. SOLUTION: An advance hole 102 is drilled at a central part of a working face 101 of a shaft 100. Furthermore, a side advance hole 103 to be extended and enlarged at 35 as maximum is drilled in right and left of the working face 101 so as to drill a side advance hole 103. Existence of spring, hot-water and steam is detected by drilling the advance holes 102, 103, and in the case of existence, they are discharged through the advance holes 102, 103. In the normal case, a shaft 100 is drilled to a degree that the residual length of the advance hole 102 is maintained at the predetermined length or more. These processes are repeated so as to drift the gallery 100 at a desirable length. Consequently, gallery drifting can be safely performed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for excavating a tunnel underground, and a drilling apparatus for performing drilling operations such as an advanced hole and a blast hole during such a tunnel excavation operation. Things.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when a tunnel is dug underground,
At a face, a blast hole is drilled using a rock drill, and the rock is crushed by blasting. In addition, advanced boring is performed in tunnel excavation, but there is no fixed pattern such as advanced hole arrangement, and different drilling machines are used for drilling advanced holes and drilling work in tunnel excavation. Is inefficient.

[0003]

However, when excavating high-temperature rock at a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher, such as in a zinc ore mining site in a deep area of 450 m or more underground, eruption of hot springs, hot water or steam is performed. There is a possibility.

[0004] During the drilling of blast holes, such hot springs,
When hot water or water vapor is blown out, it is conceivable that the state becomes extremely dangerous for the worker.

Accordingly, the present invention drills an advanced hole prior to digging a tunnel, so that hot springs, hot water or hot water can be discharged even at a hot rock mass site where hot water, hot water or steam or the like may be ejected. Detects the presence of water vapor, etc. and measures their pressure and amount, or pre-determines the water pressure or water amount, gas pressure or gas amount by inducing hot springs, hot water or water vapor, etc. from the advanced holes. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel excavation method which can be safely lowered and can be safely excavated.

Another object of the present invention is to effectively perform the drilling operation of the above-mentioned advanced hole, and furthermore, it can be used for drilling of a blast hole at the time of digging a tunnel. An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling device capable of dramatically improving a tunnel excavation process in which hot water or steam can be ejected.

[0007]

The above object is achieved by a method and a drilling apparatus according to the present invention. In summary, the present invention provides (a) a tunnel face with an advanced hole at the center of the face and a predetermined angle laterally to the left and right sides of the face with respect to the central advanced hole. Drilling a side advanced hole extending with a predetermined hole length, and then (b) excavating the tunnel to the extent that the remaining length of the central advanced hole does not become less than or equal to a predetermined length, (C) A tunnel excavation method characterized by repeating the steps (a) and (b) to excavate a tunnel over a desired length.

[0008] Preferably, the side advanced hole extends sideways with respect to the central advanced hole, for example at a maximum of 35 °, and is perforated with the same length as the central advanced hole. You.

Preferably, each of the advanced holes in the step (a) is perforated with a length of at least 8 m, the remaining length in the step (b) is at least 2 m, and the diameter of each of the advanced holes is usually 38. ５０50 mm.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cabin for an operator, a self-propelled vehicle capable of self-propelling in a tunnel, and a piercing means provided at a front portion of the self-propelled vehicle. Wherein the drilling means carries a rock-type rock drill driven by hydraulic pressure and the rock drill via a guide shell, and is configured to be able to move the rock drill horizontally and vertically. And a supporting means including a link mechanism. Preferably, the piercing means comprises a rod detaching device, ie a hydraulic rod catcher, for enabling the use of the connecting rod, so that an advanced hole of 8 m or more can be pierced.

[0011] Preferably, the support means includes a support yoke attached to a tip end of the motor vehicle so as to be swingable in a horizontal direction; an outer arm having one end pivotally connected to the support yoke; A first arm, which is composed of an inner arm fitted to be able to be freely inserted and removed, and capable of swinging up and down; a support frame fixed to the tip of the inner arm of the first arm; A second arm rotatably supported by the support frame and capable of swinging vertically; one end rotatably supported by the other end of the second arm and capable of swinging horizontally. A third arm; and the other end of the third arm is swung upward by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal through a connecting shaft projecting horizontally and orthogonally to the third arm. Said guide movably mounted Having; a guide shell holder for movably holding the E Le. Preferably, each member of the support means is driven by a hydraulic cylinder.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a tunnel excavation method and a drilling device according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

First, a tunnel excavation method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. According to the present invention, the face 1 of the tunnel 100
At 01, an advanced hole 102 is formed in the center of the face 101 along the excavation direction X of the tunnel 100. Advanced hole 10
The length (L) of 2 is arbitrary as desired, but is generally 8 m or more, preferably 10 to 30 m.

According to the present invention, furthermore, on the left and right sides of the face, the side advanced holes 103 are extended and extended laterally with respect to the center advanced hole 102 at a predetermined angle (θ). Perforated. This angle (θ) is usually set to a maximum of about 35 ° with respect to the central advanced hole 102, usually 30 °. If this angle (θ) exceeds 35 °, there arises a problem that the advanced range is out of the planned tunnel excavation area, and if it is less than 20 °, the advanced range becomes only the planned tunnel excavation range,
There is a problem that it is not possible to detect, decompress, or reduce the amount of hot spring, hot water or water vapor in the peripheral area. The side advanced hole 103 has the same length L as the central advanced hole 102 when measured along the digging direction X of the tunnel.
In the present invention, the diameter of each advanced hole 102, 103 is 38-5.
It is preferably 0 mm. If this hole diameter exceeds 50 mm, the drilling ability of the rock drill will be insufficient.
If it is less than 38 mm, the diameter of the connecting rod having a long hole becomes small, and a problem such as insufficient strength of the rod occurs.

By drilling the advanced holes 102 and 103,
It is detected whether a hot spring, hot water or steam exists within the length range of the advanced holes 102 and 103.

When the presence of hot spring, hot water or steam is confirmed by the drilling of the advanced hole, the water pressure or the amount of water, or the gas pressure or the gas amount is extracted using the advanced hole. In addition, the pressure and amount of water or gas can be reduced.

If there is no abnormality, then a blast hole for excavation is drilled according to the usual mode, and the excavation work is performed by the blasting operation. At this time, the tunnel excavation is performed to such an extent that the remaining length (L ₀ ) of the central advanced hole 102 does not become less than a predetermined length as shown by a dotted line in FIG. When the length L of the advanced hole is 8 m or more, the remaining length L ₀ of the advanced hole 102 is 2 m or more, preferably 2-3 m. When the pressure is shorter than 2 m, there is a risk that hot water, steam, etc., will protrude if the hot water pressure and the steam pressure are strong. Further, when the distance exceeds 3 m, there is a problem that the ratio of drilling work of the advanced hole in the tunnel excavation process increases.

Thereafter, the above-described advanced hole drilling operation and tunnel excavation work are repeatedly performed, and the tunnel excavation is performed over a desired length.

Next, a description will be given of a drilling apparatus which can suitably perform drilling work such as the advanced holes 102 and 103 or the blast holes. 2 to 6 show an embodiment of the punching device according to the present invention.

First, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the drilling device 1 is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle 2 capable of self-propelling in a tunnel and at a front portion of the self-propelled vehicle 2. Perforation means 4. In the present embodiment, the self-propelled vehicle 2 is, but not limited to, a four-wheeled vehicle, and is equipped with a diesel engine 6 as self-propelled driving means. A closed space provided with air-conditioning equipment for workers, that is, a cabin (driver's seat) 10 is provided on a bogie frame 8 of the self-propelled vehicle 2 at a substantially central portion of the self-propelled vehicle 2. Therefore, the operator can operate the punching means 4 mounted on the front part of the self-propelled vehicle 2 by operating various operation levers 12 and the like provided in the cabin 10 while in the cabin 10, Even in the event that hot water or steam, etc., which has a high temperature from the rock during the drilling operation, it is possible to avoid the damage by being in the cabin.

The self-propelled vehicle 2 further includes an electric motor 14 and a hydraulic pump 16 driven by the electric motor 14. The electric motor 14 is connected to a ground power source (not shown) by a cable 18, and is connected to a hydraulic pump 16.
Drives various hydraulic cylinders and a hydraulic drilling machine 20 for driving the drilling means 4 described below.

At the front of the vehicle 2, the drilling means 4 is arranged as described above, and the drilling means 4 is provided with a hydraulically driven percussion type rock drill 20. ing. As the rock drill 20, for example, “Hydraulic Drifter (HD90)” manufactured by Furukawa Machine Metal Co., Ltd. can be suitably used. The rock drilling machine 20 includes a support unit 3 including a link mechanism configured to be movable in the horizontal and vertical directions.
0 via a guide shell 32. Next, the support means 30 will be described.

As can be better understood with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 as well, the support means 30 is connected to a support frame 34 provided at the tip of the bogie frame 8 of the vehicle 2 via a vertical shaft 36. And has a support yoke 38 that is mounted to be swingable in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, although not limited, the support yoke 38 is swingable within a range of 70 ° (35 ° on one side from the center axis). A first arm 42 is connected to the upper end of the support yoke 38 via a horizontal shaft 40.
Is rotatably connected at one end. First arm 42
Is composed of an outer arm 42A whose one end is pivotally connected to the support yoke 38, and an inner arm 42B slidably fitted to the outer arm 42A. In the present embodiment, the inner arm 42B is
It was configured so that it could project by 90 cm from 2A. The amount of protrusion of the inner arm 42B is variously selected as desired.

One end of a hydraulic cylinder 48 is connected to the lower end of the support yoke 38 via a hydraulic cylinder 44 and a universal joint 46. The other end of the hydraulic cylinder 48 is pivotally connected to the other end of the outer arm constituting the first arm 42 by a pin 50. Accordingly, by driving the hydraulic cylinders 44 and 48, the first arm 42 is connected to the outer arm 42A by the inner arm 42B.
By inserting and removing within a range of 90 cm, it is possible to swing up and down around the horizontal axis 40 over a predetermined angle range. In this embodiment, although not limited, the first arm is configured to be swingable by 60 ° upward and 30 ° downward from the horizontal axis.

A support frame 50 is fixed to the distal end of the first arm 42, that is, the inner arm 42B.
Of the arm 54 is connected. In the present embodiment, the second
The arm 54 is configured to be tiltable 30 ° upward and 60 ° downward relative to the horizontal. Of course, the second arm 5
The tiltable angle of 4 is not limited to this.

The other end of the second arm 54 is pivotally movable in the horizontal direction via a vertical shaft 56.
8 is attached to one end. In the present embodiment, the third arm 58 is swingable within a range of 90 ° (45 ° on one side with respect to the center axis). The other end of the third arm 58 is connected to the guide shell holder 6 via a connecting shaft 60 projecting horizontally and orthogonally to the third arm 58.
2 is rotatably mounted around the connecting shaft 60. In this embodiment, the guide shell holder 62 is configured to be able to swing upward by 90 ° with respect to the horizontal. The tilt angles of the third arm 58 and the guide shell holder 62 are not limited to the above values, but can be set to any values as needed.

To enable the movement of the support frame 50, the second arm 54, the third arm 58, and the guide shell holder 62, a hydraulic cylinder 64 is provided between the support frame 50 and the second arm 54. A hydraulic cylinder 66 is provided between the arm 54 and the third arm 58, and a hydraulic cylinder 68 is provided between the connecting shaft 60 and the guide shell holder 62.

Referring to FIG. 6, the guide shell 32 will be described. The guide shell 32 includes a first guide rail 70 slidable with respect to the guide shell holder 62, and a first guide rail. And a second guide rail 72 slidable with respect to 70. In the present embodiment, the first guide rail 70 is configured to be able to protrude beyond the guide shell holder 62 by a predetermined length, for example, 100 cm. This second guide rail 7
2, the rock drill 20 is mounted on the rear of the upper surface thereof, and a rod detacher, that is, a rod catcher 7 equipped with a hydraulic cylinder is provided at the tip of the first guide rail 70.
4 are installed. The rod catcher 74 carries a rod R, such as a piercing rod or a connecting rod, attached to the rock drill 20, and performs connection or disconnection of the rod. Although the rod catcher is not generally used for tunnel excavation, such structures of the guide shell 4 and the rod catcher 74 are well known to those skilled in the art, and thus, further description will be omitted.

The operation of the above-described punching device will be described.

The operator gets into the cabin 10 of the self-propelled person 2 and makes the self-propelled vehicle 2 self-propelled to a desired face position of the mine tunnel. Next, the outrigger 3 is lowered, and the self-propelled vehicle 2 is fixed in place.

Next, each hydraulic cylinder 4 of the drilling means 4
4, 48, 64, 66, and 68, and the first arm 42, the support frame 50, the second arm 54, the third arm 5
8 and the guide shell holder 62 to move the rock drill 20
Is set so that the tip of the piercing rod R attached to the rock can pierce the rock in a predetermined direction from a predetermined position of the face.

Next, the rock drill 20 is operated, and while the rock drill 20 is moved forward by the guide shell 32, a striking, rotating and feeding motion is applied to the drilling rod R.
As a result, a drilling operation such as an advanced hole is performed. Usually, the length of the piercing rod R is about 1.5 m. Therefore, in order to perform the piercing operation of the advanced holes 102 and 103 having a longer length, it is necessary to add the rods. Therefore, when connecting the connecting rod to the piercing rod R, the piercing operation by the piercing rod R is temporarily stopped,
The joint between the rock drill 20 and the drilling rod R is gripped by the rod catcher 74, and a blow is applied to loosen the screw portion.
Remove the drilling rod R from the rock drill 20 and adjust the second guide rail 72 to temporarily return the rock drill 20 to the initial position,
A new connecting rod is mounted on the rock drill 20. Meanwhile, the first
The guide rail 70 is adjusted so that the rear end of the piercing rod R is gripped by the rod catcher 74, and then the second guide rail 72 is adjusted to move the rock drilling machine 20 so that the tip of the connecting rod is also adjusted to the rod catcher 74. And the rod catcher 74 is operated to threadably connect the two rods.

When the drilling operation of a predetermined length is completed, each rod inserted into the rock is subjected to rock drilling using a rock drill 20 and
The connected portion of each connected rod is gripped by the rod catcher 74 and hit by the rock drill 20 to loosen the screw portion, and then pulled out while being reversely rotated and separated. Thereby, the advanced holes 102 and 103 are drilled in the bedrock.

[0034]

As described above, according to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, an advanced hole is provided at the center of the tunnel face.
In addition, a side advanced hole extending to the left and right of the face at a predetermined angle to the side of the center advanced hole at a predetermined angle is formed, and a hole having a predetermined hole length is formed. It is configured to repeat the work of excavating the tunnel to the extent that the remaining length of the advanced hole does not become less than the predetermined length and excavate the tunnel through the desired length, so drill the advanced hole before excavating the tunnel Therefore, at hot rock sites where hot springs, hot water or water vapor may erupt, the presence of hot springs, hot water or water vapor is detected in advance, and the pressure and amount are measured. be able to. Furthermore, by inducing hot springs, hot water or steam from the advanced holes, the water pressure or water amount, gas pressure or gas amount can be reduced in advance,
It has the feature that it can be safely excavated.

Further, according to the drilling device of the present invention, there is provided a self-propelled vehicle capable of self-propelling in a tunnel, and a boring means provided in front of the self-propelled vehicle. Is provided with a closed space provided with air conditioning equipment for workers, that is, a cabin (driver's seat). The worker is in the cabin and operates various operation levers and the like provided in the cabin. By doing so, it is possible to operate the drilling means mounted on the front part of the self-propelled vehicle, and even if hot water or steam of high temperature is ejected from the rock during drilling work, by being in the cabin, In addition to having the feature of being able to avoid the damage, the drilling work of the advanced hole is provided by providing a hydraulic rod catcher which is a rod detaching device that enables the use of a connecting rod for drilling a long hole Becomes possible, and It has the advantage that it can also be used for drilling work blasthole during road excavation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a tunnel face position for explaining a tunnel excavation method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an entire configuration of an embodiment of the punching device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the entire configuration of the punching device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a configuration of a support means from which a guide shell is removed in the punching device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a configuration of a support means from which a guide shell is removed in the punching device of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a side view showing a configuration of a guide shell on which a rock drill is mounted in the drilling device of FIG. 2;

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 drilling device 2 self-propelled vehicle 4 drilling means 10 cabin 20 hitting rock drill 30 support means 32 guide shell 34 support frame 38 support yoke 42 first arm 42A outer arm 42B inner arm 44, 48, 64, 66, 68 Hydraulic cylinder 50 Support frame 54 Second work 58 Third work 60 Connecting shaft 62 Guide shell holder 70 First guide rail 72 Second guide rail 74 Rod catcher

Claims (9)

[Claims] (A) In a tunnel face, an advanced hole is provided at a center of the face, and a left and right side of the face is extended at a predetermined angle to a side with respect to the center advanced hole. Drilling a side advanced hole having a predetermined hole length, and then (b) digging down a tunnel so that the remaining length of the central advanced hole does not become less than or equal to a predetermined length, (c). A tunnel excavation method, wherein the steps (a) and (b) are repeated to excavate a tunnel over a desired length. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the side advanced hole is drilled at the same length as the central advanced hole. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the side advanced hole is drilled laterally at a maximum of about 35 ° with respect to a central advanced hole. 4. The advanced hole in the step (a) is drilled by 8 m or more, and the remaining length in the step (b) is 2 mm.
The tunnel excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length is m or more. 5. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of each advanced hole is 38 to 50 mm. 6. A self-propelled vehicle provided with a cabin for an operator and capable of self-propelling in a mine tunnel, and a perforating means provided at a front part of the self-propelled vehicle, wherein the perforating means is provided. A rock-type rock drill driven by hydraulic pressure, and support means comprising a link mechanism configured to carry the rock drill via a guide shell and to be able to move the rock drill horizontally and vertically. A perforation device comprising: 7. The perforating apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said perforating means includes a rod attaching / detaching apparatus for enabling use of a connecting rod. 8. The support means includes: a support yoke attached to a tip end of a motor vehicle so as to be swingable in a horizontal direction; an outer arm having one end pivotally connected to the support yoke; A first arm, which can be pivoted up and down, comprising an inner arm fitted and pulled out freely.
An arm; a support frame fixed to the end of the inner arm of the first arm; a second arm rotatably supported at one end by the support frame and capable of swinging up and down; A third arm rotatably supported at the other end of the second arm and capable of swinging in the horizontal direction; and a third arm at the other end of the third arm with respect to the third arm. A guide shell holder movably holding the guide shell movably upward by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal via a connecting shaft projecting horizontally and orthogonally; 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
Perforator. 9. The drilling device according to claim 8, wherein each member of said support means is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, and can be used for drilling an advanced hole and drilling when digging a tunnel.