JPH10205724A - Heating system for thermal decomposition reactor for waste treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To easily generate a heating medium, fed to a thermal decomposition reactor, by a low-cost device and to improve thermal efficiency. SOLUTION: In a waste treatment device 1 having a thermal decomposition reactor 5 to effect thermal decomposition of waste (a) by a heating medium, heat storage tanks 24 and 25 charged with a heat storage material are arranged in the vicinity of the thermal decomposition reactor 5. Dry distillation gas G1 is mixed in temperature up air h' discharged from one heat storage tank 24 and by burning the mixture gas, high temperature combustion gas G4 is generated. The combustion gas G4 is supplied as a heating medium to the thermal decomposition reactor 5 and the combustion gas G4 discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor 5 is fed to the other heat storage tank 25, and heat storage material with which the other heat storage tank 25 is charged is heated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for heating a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to waste (general waste such as municipal waste from homes and offices, waste plastic, car shredders, etc.). Dust, waste office equipment, electronic equipment, industrial wastes such as chemical products, etc., including combustibles) are heated and thermally decomposed to produce dry distillation gas and pyrolysis residues mainly composed of non-volatile components, The present invention relates to a heating method for a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus in which the carbonized gas and the combustible components in the pyrolysis residue are supplied to a combustor for combustion treatment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An apparatus disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-56253 is known as an apparatus for treating general waste such as municipal waste and combustible materials such as waste plastic. This waste treatment equipment puts waste into a pyrolysis reactor, heats it in a low-oxygen atmosphere with heated air as a heat medium, and generates pyrolysis residue consisting mainly of non-volatile components and a dry distillation gas (pyrolysis gas). And the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis residue are separated in a discharge device. Furthermore,
After cooling the pyrolysis residue, it is supplied to a separator to separate combustible components and non-combustible components such as rubble such as metals, pottery, gravel and concrete pieces, and further pulverize the combustible components. Then, the combustible component mainly composed of pyrolytic carbon and the above-mentioned dry distillation gas are led to a combustion melting furnace and burned,
The generated ash is melted by the combustion heat of the combustion melting furnace to form molten slag, and the molten slag is discharged to the outside to be cooled and solidified.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned pyrolysis reactor, the heated air for heating the waste is heated by a heat exchanger (high-temperature air heater) arranged downstream of the combustion melting furnace. However, this heat exchanger had to be provided separately.

Further, since this heat exchanger is disposed in a high-temperature corrosive gas, heat resistance and corrosion resistance are required, so that the production cost is increased and the maintenance work is troublesome.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a first invention of the present invention is to throw waste into a pyrolysis reactor and heat the medium. To produce a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components.The pyrolysis residue was separated from the pyrolysis gas in a discharge device, and the pyrolysis residue was cooled. Separated into post-combustible components and non-combustible components,
In a waste treatment apparatus in which the carbonized gas and the combustible component are supplied to a combustor for combustion treatment, a heat storage material loaded in a heat storage tank is heated by a heat medium discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor. While heating, the heated heat storage material is brought into contact with the room temperature air to form heated air, and the dry distillation gas is mixed with the heated air to burn and generate a high-temperature combustion gas. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heating system for a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus in which the pyrolysis reactor is heated by being supplied to a pyrolysis reactor as a medium.

In practice, at least two heat storage tanks loaded with a heat storage material are arranged, and a high-temperature combustion gas is produced by mixing a dry distillation gas with heated air discharged from one (one) heat storage tank and burning. Is generated, a low-temperature heat medium (combustion gas) discharged from the pyrolysis reactor is supplied into the other (remaining) heat storage tank, and heat is recovered. By switching after a predetermined time, the heat storage tanks are used alternately and repeatedly to continuously generate high-temperature combustion gas and heat the pyrolysis reactor. Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature combustion gas is detected, and the mixing amount of the carbonization gas is controlled based on the result to control the temperature of the high-temperature combustion gas to be within a predetermined range.

In a second aspect of the present invention, the waste is charged into a pyrolysis reactor, and is thermally decomposed by heating at atmospheric pressure with a heat medium to form a pyrolysis gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. Generated, the pyrolysis gas and the pyrolysis residue are separated in a discharge device, and after cooling the pyrolysis residue, the pyrolysis residue is separated into a combustible component and a non-combustible component. Is supplied to a combustor to perform a combustion treatment, wherein the dry distillation gas is mixed with air serving as a heat medium discharged from the pyrolysis reactor and burned to produce a high-temperature combustion gas. Supplying the combustion gas to a heat storage tank loaded with a heat storage material to heat the heat storage material, bringing the heated heat storage material into contact with room temperature air to generate high temperature air, and transferring the high temperature air to a heat medium. Waste treatment that is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor There is provided a heating method of the pyrolysis reactor in the apparatus.

In the second invention, at least two heat storage tanks are actually provided, and the high-temperature air generated in one (one) heat storage tank is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor as a heat medium. When it is, the combustion gas is supplied to the other (remaining) heat storage tank to heat the heat storage material. Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed, the heat storage tanks are repeatedly used alternately by switching to generate high-temperature air continuously to heat the pyrolysis reactor.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a heating system for a thermal decomposition reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described below. In FIGS. 1 and 2, black symbols in a bubble symbol indicate closed, and non-black symbols indicate an open symbol.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of a heating system for a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to the first invention. The waste treatment apparatus 1 crushes waste a such as municipal solid waste into a 150 mm square or less using a crusher such as a biaxial shearing machine, throws the crushed waste into the loading section 2 by a conveyor or the like, and heats the waste through the screw feeder 3. It is supplied into the decomposition reactor 5. The waste a supplied into the pyrolysis reactor 5 is heated to 300 to 600 ° C., usually to about 450 ° C. by a method described later, and the pyrolysis residue G mainly composed of the dry distillation gas G ₁ and the non-volatile components b Is generated, and the carbonized gas G ₁ and the pyrolysis residue b are separated in the discharge device 6, and the carbonized gas G
₁ is supplied to the burner 8 of the melting furnace 7 is a combustor through a carbonization gas line L _1.

On the other hand, the pyrolysis residue b is supplied to a cooling device 9, where it is cooled to a temperature at which there is no fear of oxidation, for example, about 80 ° C. Then, the cooled pyrolysis residue b is supplied to the separation device 10 and separated into a combustible component c mainly composed of carbon and a non-combustible component d such as metal and rubble. with the recovered combustible components c is supplied to the burner 8 is ground to 1mm approximately by a pulverizer 12 combustible component line L ₂ a through molten furnace 7 was supplied here through a carbonization gas line L ₁ retorting An air line L _{3 is formed} by the gas G ₁ and the forced blower 13.
Combustion at a high temperature of about 1,300 ° C. with the combustion air e supplied from the furnace, and the combustion ash generated by this combustion and the ash contained in the combustible component c become molten slag f to form a melting slag f. 7 adheres to the inner wall and flows down. Then, it flows down into the water tank 15 from the lower slag discharge port 14 and is cooled and solidified.

The high-temperature combustion gas G ₂ generated in the melting furnace 7
Is a hot air heater 16 and the heat recovered dust collector 18 after which the dust and clean exhaust gas G ₃ at a relatively low temperature and washed with a gas cleaning device 19 in the waste heat boiler 17 via the exhaust gas line L ₄ most Te is released from the chimney 20 into the atmosphere, some of which is supplied to the cooling device 9 through the inert gas line L _5. Reference numeral 21 denotes an induction blower, and reference numeral 22 denotes steam s generated in the waste heat boiler 17.
Reference numeral 23 denotes a blower for supplying inert gas.

Next, reference numeral 24 denotes one of the heat storage tanks (hereinafter referred to as a first heat storage tank).
The reference numeral 25 denotes the other heat storage tank (hereinafter referred to as a second heat storage tank), and the first heat storage tank 2
Each of the fourth heat storage tank 25 and the second heat storage tank 25 is configured as a heat exchanger in which a heat storage material made of porous brick called, for example, checker brick is loaded, and a first air introduction pipe having a first switching valve 26a. 27, a first low-temperature exhaust gas pipe 30 having a third switching valve 26c, and a first low-temperature exhaust gas pipe 30 having a third switching valve 26c, and a fourth switching valve 26d connected to a blower 29 by a second air introducing pipe 28 having a second switching valve 26b. The second low-temperature exhaust gas pipe 31 and the second exhaust gas pipe 32 communicate with the exhaust gas line L ₄ on the downstream side of the waste heat boiler 17.

Further, the first heat storage tank 24, the second heat storage tank 25, and the thermal decomposition reactor 5 are connected to a first combustion gas supply having a fifth switching valve 26e and a first combustion section 33. Tube 34
And a second high temperature exhaust gas pipe 37 having a seventh switching valve 26g and an eighth switching by a second combustion gas supply pipe 36 having a sixth switching valve 26f and a second combustion section 35. It is connected by a second hot exhaust gas pipe 38 having a valve 26h.

The first combustion gas supply pipe 34 has a first
One end of a first carbonization gas supply pipe 39 having a ninth switching valve 26i is provided on the upstream side of the combustion section 33, and on the upstream side of the second combustion section 35 of the second combustion gas supply pipe 36. One end of a second carbonized gas supply pipe 40 having a tenth switching valve 26j is connected to each other, and the other ends of the first carbonized gas supply pipe 39 and the second carbonized gas supply pipe 40 are connected to a control valve 41.
Through the third carbonization gas supply pipe 43 and a blower 42 is connected to the low-temperature carbonization gas line L ₁ and. Reference numeral 44 denotes a temperature detector, and the signal V ₁ of the temperature detector 44 is
After being input to a control device (not shown), a control signal V ₂ is generated to control the control valve 41.

In such a configuration, the first heat storage tank 24 is
The case where the heat storage material inside is heated and the thermal decomposition reactor 5 is heated using this heat storage will be described.
As shown in the figure, the first switching valve 26a and the fourth switching valve 26
d, the fifth switching valve 26e, the eighth switching valve 26h, and the ninth
, And the second switching valve 26b,
The third switching valve 26c, the sixth switching valve 26f, the seventh switching valve 26g, and the tenth switching valve 26j are closed. Then, when the blowers 29 and 42 are started, 10 to 30 ° C.
The fresh air h at a normal temperature (low temperature) is supplied to the first heat storage tank 24 through the first air introduction pipe 27 and exchanges heat.
The temperature of the heated air h 'becomes 50 to 200C.

[0017] Then the heating air h 'is introduced into the first combustion section 33 as a mixed gas part of the carbonization gas G ₁ supplied from the first carbonization gas supply pipe 39 to the combustion. Then, it becomes a combustion gas G ₄ as a high-temperature heat medium of about 600 ° C. and is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 5 through the first combustion gas supply pipe 34, and the pyrolysis reactor 5 is heated, that is, pyrolyzed. The waste a supplied into the reactor 5 is heated and thermally decomposed. Then, the thermal decomposition reactor 5 is heated to 200 to 250 ° C.
The combustion gas G ₄ as a relatively low-temperature heat medium is introduced into the second heat storage tank 25 via the second high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 38, and heats the heat storage material loaded therein to about 100 ° C. the second low-temperature exhaust gas pipe 3 becomes the combustion gas G ₅ of cold
It is supplied to the exhaust gas line L ₄ through 1 and an exhaust gas pipe 32.

In the heating process of the pyrolysis reactor 5,
The temperature of the heat storage material in the first heat storage tank 24 decreases. The degree of this decrease is detected by the temperature detector 44 and the control valve 4
And controls one to increase the supply amount of the carbonization gas G _1, which makes it possible to retain the combustion gas G ₄ to a predetermined temperature. After a lapse of a predetermined time, each of the switching valves 26a to 26
By switching j, the combustion gas G ₄ is generated by the heated air h ′ heated by the second heat storage tank 25, and the pyrolysis reactor 5 is heated by the combustion gas G ₄ . Of course, at this time, the relatively high-temperature combustion gas G ₄ discharged from the pyrolysis reactor 5 is introduced into the first heat storage tank 24 and heats the heat storage material loaded therein to store heat, so that the heat storage tank G ₄ is heated. Are used alternately to heat the pyrolysis reactor continuously.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a heating system for a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to the second invention, and the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 denote the same names.

In the second invention, the first combustion section 3
The third and fifth switching valves 26e are connected to the first high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 45.
The second combustion section 35 and the sixth switching valve 26f are arranged in a second high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 46, respectively. The seventh switching valve 26g is disposed on the first high-temperature air supply pipe 47, and the eighth switching valve 26h is disposed on the second high-temperature air supply pipe 48. First, the first switching valve 26a, the fourth switching valve 26d, the sixth switching valve 26f, the seventh switching valve 26g, and the tenth switching valve 26j are opened, and the second switching valve 26b, Switching valve 26c, fifth switching valve 26e,
The eighth switching valve 26h and the ninth switching valve 26i are closed.

By activating the blowers 29 and 42, fresh normal-temperature (low-temperature) air h is supplied into the first heat storage tank 24, where heat exchange is performed, and high-temperature air h at about 600 ° C.
It becomes ₁ and is supplied to the pyrolysis reactor 5 through the first high-temperature air supply pipe 47, and the pyrolysis reactor 5, that is, the waste a charged into the pyrolysis reactor 5, is heated and pyrolyzed. Let it. The heated air h _{1 at} a relatively low temperature of 200 to 250 ° C. is mixed with a part of the carbonized gas G _{1 in} the process of passing through the second high-temperature exhaust gas pipe 46, so that the second combustion part 3
5, a combustion gas G having a high temperature of, for example, about 600 ° C.
It becomes ₆ and heats the heat storage material introduced into the second heat storage tank 25 and loaded therein, that is, heat is stored.

[0022] The example than is supplied to become a low-temperature combustion gas G ₇ of 100 to 200 ° C. The second lower temperature exhaust gas pipe 31 and the exhaust gas line L ₄ through the exhaust gas pipe 32. Of course, in this embodiment, when the temperature of the first thermal storage tank 24 is lowered, by switching the respective switching valve 26a-26j, it produces a high-temperature heating air h ₁ by the second thermal storage tank 25, This was fed to the pyrolysis reactor 5 while heating the first introduction to the heat storage material to the combustion gas G ₆ to the heat storage tank 24 so that the storing heat. In this way, the heat storage tanks are repeatedly used alternately to heat and thermally decompose the waste a which is continuously charged into the thermal decomposition reactor.

[0023]

As is clear from the above description, according to the heating method of the thermal decomposition reactor in the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the heat of the heat medium discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor using the heat storage tank is used. Not only can improve the thermal efficiency, but also burn a part of the carbonization gas to raise the temperature of the heating medium to a predetermined temperature, so that high-temperature corrosive There is an effect that the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced as compared with a method in which a heat medium of a predetermined temperature is obtained by a heat exchanger disposed in a gas.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of a heating system of a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to the first invention.

FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of a heating method of a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to a second invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste treatment apparatus 5 Thermal decomposition reactor 6 Discharge apparatus 7 Melting furnace (combustor) 24 1st heat storage tank (one heat storage tank) 25 2nd heat storage tank (the other heat storage tank) G ₁ Dry flow gas G _4, G ₆ combustion gas a waste b pyrolysis residue c combustible component d unburned component h room temperature (cold) air h 'warm air h ₁ air heat medium

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI F23G 7/00 F23G 7/00 F23L 15/02 F23L 15/02

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A waste material is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor, heated by a heating medium, and thermally decomposed to produce a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. Separated in a discharge device, and separated into a combustible component and a non-combustible component after cooling the pyrolysis residue,
In a waste treatment apparatus in which the carbonized gas and the combustible component are supplied to a combustor for combustion treatment, a heat storage material loaded in a heat storage tank is discharged at a relatively low temperature discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor. While heating with the heat medium, the heated heat storage material and room temperature air are brought into contact with each other to form heated air, and the heated air is mixed with the dry distillation gas and burned to generate a high-temperature combustion gas, A method of heating a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus, wherein the combustion gas is supplied to a pyrolysis reactor as a heat medium to heat the pyrolysis reactor. 2. At least two heat storage tanks loaded with a heat storage material are disposed in the vicinity of a thermal decomposition reactor, and a high-temperature combustion is performed by mixing a dry distillation gas with heated air discharged from one of the heat storage tanks and burning. A gas is generated, and the combustion gas is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor as a heat medium, and the combustion gas, which is a heat medium discharged from the thermal decomposition reactor, is supplied to another heat storage tank, and is supplied to the other heat storage tank. 2. A heating method for a thermal decomposition reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein heat storage tanks for heating the loaded heat storage material are repeatedly and alternately used. 3. The heating of a pyrolysis reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the dry distillation gas mixed with the heated air is controlled by detecting the temperature of the high-temperature combustion gas. method. 4. The waste is put into a pyrolysis reactor, and is thermally decomposed by heating with a heating medium to produce a dry distillation gas and a pyrolysis residue mainly composed of non-volatile components. The pyrolysis residue is separated in a discharge device, the pyrolysis residue is cooled and then separated into a combustible component and a non-combustible component, and the dry distillation gas and the combustible component are supplied to a combustor for combustion. In the waste treatment apparatus that is to be treated, the dry distillation gas is mixed with air serving as a heat medium discharged from the pyrolysis reactor and burned to generate a high-temperature combustion gas, and the heat storage material stores the combustion gas. The heat storage material is supplied to the loaded heat storage tank to heat the heat storage material, the heated heat storage material is brought into contact with air to generate high-temperature air, and the high-temperature air is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor as a heat medium. Heat in waste treatment equipment characterized in that Heating method for de-reactor. 5. At least two heat storage tanks loaded with a heat storage material are disposed in the vicinity of the thermal decomposition reactor, and high-temperature air heated in one of the heat storage tanks is supplied to the thermal decomposition reactor as a heat medium, A dry distillation gas is mixed with air as a low-temperature heat medium discharged from the cracking reactor and burned to generate a high-temperature combustion gas, and the combustion gas is supplied to another heat storage tank to heat the heat storage material. 5. A heating method for a thermal decomposition reactor in a waste treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat storage tanks are repeatedly and alternately used.