JPH0922015A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display element in which at least one of a pair of substrates is not subjected to orientation treatment such as rubbing, a liquid crystal can be uniformly injected at room temp. and which has good display quality. SOLUTION: This liquid crystal display element consists of a pair of substrates having transparent electrodes and polymer films formed on the inner surfaces and a liquid crystal layer held between these substrates. As for the polymer film, an alamide-silicone-multiblock copolymer is used. At least one of the polymer films is not subjected to orientation treatment.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having good display quality and no unevenness.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display element is an electro-optical device including a liquid crystal material whose optical characteristics are changed by an external electric field. For example, in a TN (twisted nematic) liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal alignment film is provided on the surface of a solid substrate so that liquid crystal molecules have a certain alignment state with respect to the surface, and the surface is subjected to a treatment such as rubbing. Is being done. That is, the liquid crystal alignment film is prepared by forming a thin film of a polymer such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol or polyamide on a solid substrate such as a glass plate by spin coating, a printing method, a dipping method or the like and curing it, and then using a cloth or the like. Obtained by rubbing in one direction, liquid crystal molecules were aligned in one direction by the liquid crystal alignment film.

However, this method has a problem of a gap defect due to dust generated by the rubbing process. Especially thin film transistor or MIM (Metal Insurator Metal)
Liquid crystal display devices have problems such as device breakdown due to static electricity and characteristic changes. Further, although alignment treatment methods other than rubbing have been proposed, none of them has achieved sufficient alignment force to obtain good display quality. In order to prevent such a problem in recent years, a method has been proposed in which alignment treatment such as rubbing is not performed on the side on which an element such as MIM is formed, and the natural pitch of the liquid crystal is used to obtain the alignment. 6-289358).

Further, the TN type liquid crystal display element which has been oriented in one direction like the rubbing treatment has a very large viewing angle dependency due to its principle. As a means to solve this problem,
Amorphous twisted nematic method, which does not perform the alignment treatment on the substrate as mentioned above, has been proposed (Y. Toko, S, Ko.
bayashi et al, SID P622, 1993). The amorphous twist nematic method is the following method. First, a pair of substrates that have not been subjected to the alignment treatment is separated by a gap d between the substrates.
So that The relationship between d and the chiral pitch p is adjusted to d / p = 0.25, and liquid crystal is injected. By the pitch of the liquid crystal itself, the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 degrees, and by not performing the alignment treatment on the substrate,
The major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the interface between the substrate and the liquid crystal is distributed with equal probability in almost all directions with respect to the in-plane direction of the substrate. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element manufactured by this method has a wide viewing angle. In these methods, the natural pitch of the liquid crystal is used to obtain a predetermined twist angle of the liquid crystal, but in order to obtain the alignment of the predetermined twist angle, the cell gap d and the pitch length p are set to 0. It is preferable that <d / p <0.75.

However, in the above method, since one or both substrates are not subjected to alignment treatment, the liquid crystal composition is injected at room temperature, that is, in the nematic phase, and then heated to a temperature above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature. Even if the treatment is carried out, there is a problem that unevenness of injection remains and a uniform and good display quality liquid crystal display element cannot be obtained. Therefore, in order to obtain a uniform and good display quality liquid crystal display device, it is necessary to inject the liquid crystal composition at a temperature equal to or higher than the nematic-isotropic transition temperature. This causes a problem in manufacturing cost.

[0006]

Therefore, according to the present invention, liquid crystal can be injected at room temperature in a liquid crystal display element in which at least one of a pair of substrates has not been subjected to alignment treatment such as rubbing, and uneven injection can occur. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display element that does not have a display quality and has good display quality.

[0007]

The present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a polymer film made of an aramid-silicone-multiblock copolymer, and completed the present invention. .

That is, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having a transparent electrode and a polymer film sequentially formed on the inner surface thereof, wherein the polymer film is aramid-silicone-multi. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device characterized in that a block copolymer is used and at least one of the polymer films is not subjected to alignment treatment.

According to the present invention, by using an aramid-silicone-multiblock copolymer as a polymer film, a liquid crystal composition is nematic in a liquid crystal display device in which one or both of substrates is not subjected to alignment treatment. Good display quality can be obtained even when the phase is injected.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention,
The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device characterized in that both of the polymer films are not subjected to alignment treatment. By not performing the alignment treatment on both of the substrates, the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device are further improved.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invention is characterized in that the major axis direction of liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is randomly distributed with respect to the in-plane direction of the substrate. A display device is provided.

More preferably, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the relationship between the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the chiral pitch p of the liquid crystal is 0 <d / p <0.75. Under such conditions, the natural pitch of the liquid crystal can be utilized to obtain the preferred twist angle orientation of the liquid crystal. Particularly, in terms of coloring, d / p is 0.23 to 0.27, and particularly d / p =
It is preferably 0.25.

In another aspect of the present invention, the invention is characterized in that the liquid crystal composition is injected in a nematic phase and then heated to a temperature higher than a nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is provided.

The aramid-silicone multiblock copolymer is a multiblock copolymer composed of a polyaramid compound and a polysiloxane compound. Examples of the aramid-silicone-multiblock copolymer used in the present invention include those having the following repeating units.

Embedded image [In the formula, m is an integer of 1 or more and 100 or less, preferably 50 or less, n and x are integers of 1 or more, and A is a para-phenylene group, a meta-phenylene group, a diphenylene group, a naphthylene group or ,

Embedded image (Wherein, X is _{-O -, - SO 2 -,} - CO -, - S
_{-, - C (CH 3)} 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, - SO- or -CH ₂ - is), or,

Embedded image (Wherein Y is a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y _{1 to} Y ₄ may be different), B is a divalent hydrocarbon group, and R ¹ is R ² is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R ² is a monovalent straight chain or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic group. It is a group hydrocarbon group].

The content of polysiloxane in the above copolymer is 0.2% to 80%, preferably 1% to 50%.

The hydrocarbon group used for R ¹ is, for example, a straight chain alkenyl group such as —CH ₂ —, — (CH ₂ ) ₂ —, — (CH ₂ ) ₃ — or a branched alkenyl group. Is mentioned. Preferably, R ¹ is - (CH _{2) 3} - is.

Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group used for R ² include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group,
And a pentyl group. Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a phenanthryl group. Further, those in which these aromatic rings are substituted with halogen, a nitro group or the like are also included.
Preferably R ² is a methyl group.

The polyaramid compound is usually synthesized by a reaction between a diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, or a reaction between a silylated diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. .

Examples of diamines are 1,1-meta-xylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, 4,4-diaminohepta. Methylenediamine,
1,4-diaminocyclohexene, isophoronediamine, tetrahydrodicyclopentadienylenediamine,
Examples include aliphatic or aliphatic cyclic diamines such as hexahydro-4,7-methanoindanylene dimethylene diamine and tricyclo [6,2,1,0,2,7] -undecylenedimethyl diamine. As an aromatic diamine,
m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine,
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 2,2- (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl) propane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 1 , 5-diaminonaphthalene, 4,4-diaminodiphenylethane, m-toluenediamine, p-toluenediamine, 3,4′-diaminobenzanilide, 1,4
-Diaminonaphthalene, 3,3'-dichloro-4,4 '
-Diaminodiphenyl, benzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl-
N-methylamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl-N
-Phenylamine, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyldiethylsilane,
4,4'-diaminodiphenylsilane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,1-diaminodiphenylethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,
4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 2,2- (3,
4'-diaminodiphenyl) propane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,4'-diaminobenzanilide, 3,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 1,1
-(3,4'-diaminodiphenyl) cyclohexane,
1,1- (3,4′-diaminodiphenyl) cyclopentane, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyldifluoromethane, 2,2- (3,4′-diaminodiphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,5,2 ′, 5'-tetramethyl-3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,5,
2 ', 5'-tetramethyl-3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,5,2', 5'-tetramethyl-
3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 2,5
2 ', 5'-tetramethyl-3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 2,5,2', 5'-tetramethyl-
3,4'-diaminobenzanilide, 2,5,2 ',
5'-tetramethyl-3,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2,2'-dichloro-3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2'-dichloro-3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,2'-dibromo -3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 2,2'-difluoro-
3,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2,2-bis [4
-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,
2-bis [3-methyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy)
Phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3-bromo-4-
(4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2
-Bis [3-ethyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3-propyl-4-
(4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2
-Bis [3-isopropyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3-butyl-
4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane,
2,2-bis [3-sec-butyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3-
Methoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3-ethoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3,5-dimethyl-4-] (4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3,5-dichloro-
4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane,
2,2-bis [3,5-dibromo-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3,5
-Dimethoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [3-chloro-4- (4-
Aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] propane,
1,1-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-methyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3
-Chloro-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-bromo-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-ethyl-4- ( 4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane,
1,1-bis [3-propyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-isopropyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [ 3-Butyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-sec
-Butyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-methoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-ethoxy-4- ( 4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3,5-dimethyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3,
5-dichloro-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3,5-dibromo-4-
(4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-
Bis [3,5-dimethoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] ethane, 1,1-bis [3-chloro-4
-(4-Aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] ethane, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl]
Methane, bis [3-methyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3-chloro-4- (4-
Aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3-bromo-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane,
Bis [3-ethyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, Bis [3-propyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, Bis [3-isopropyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy)] Phenyl] methane,
Bis [3-butyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3-sec-butyl-4- (4-
Aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3-methoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3-ethoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3,5-dimethyl -4-
(4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3,5-dichloro-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3,5-dibromo-4- (4-
Aminophenoxy) phenyl] methane, bis [3,5-
Dimethoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl]
Methane, bis [3-chloromethoxy-4- (4-aminophenoxy) -5-methylphenyl] methane, 1,1,
1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis [4-
(4-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 1,
1,1,3,3,3-hexachloro-2,2-bis [4
-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 3,
3-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] pentane, 1,1-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy)
Phenyl] propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis [3,5-dimethyl-4- (4
-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 1,1,
1,3,3,3-hexachloro-2,2-bis [3,5
-Dimethyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl]
Propane, 3,3-bis [3,5-dimethyl-4- (4
-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] pentane, 1,1-bis [3,5-dimethyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy)
Phenyl] propane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis [3,5-dibromo-4- (4
-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 1,1,
1,3,3,3-hexachloro-2,2-bis [3,5
-Dibromo-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl]
Propane, 3,3-bis [3,5-dibromo-4- (4
-Aminophenoxy) phenyl] pentane, 1,1-bis [3,5-dibromo-4- (4-aminophenoxy)
Phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] butane, 2,2-bis [3-methyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] butane, 2,2-bis [ 3,5-Dimethyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] butane, 2,2-bis [3,3
5-dibromo-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] butane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis [3-methyl-4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl ] Propane, 1,1-bis [4- (4-
Aminophenoxy) phenyl] cyclohexane, 1,1
-Bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] cyclopentane, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy)
Phenyl] ether, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, 4,4-carbonylbis (p
-Phenyleneoxy) dianiline, 4,4'-bis (4
-Aminophenoxy) biphenyl and the like. The silylated product of diamine can be obtained by silylating the same diamine as described above.

As tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,
3 ', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2', 3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ', 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride 2,3,3 ′, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6
-Naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6
7-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, thiophene-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2
-Bis (3,4-biscarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxyphenylsulfone dianhydride, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4 -Dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4
-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,
3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride,
2,3,5-Tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxy-norbornane-2-
Acetic acid dianhydride, 5- (2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuryl) -3-methyl-cyclohexene dicarboxylic acid dianhydride, bicyclo [2.2.2] -oct-7-ene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride Aliphatic and alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as: pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,
3 ', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride , 2,3,6,7-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',
4,4'-Dimethylphenylsilanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-Tetraphenylsilanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-furantetracarboxylic dianhydride 4,4′-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulfide dianhydride,
4,4'-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenyl sulfone dianhydride, 4,4'-bis (3,4-
Dicarboxyphenoxy) diphenylpropane dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-perfluoroisopropylidenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenylethertetracarboxylic dianhydride, Bis (phthalic acid) phenylphosphine oxide dianhydride, p-
Phenyl-bis- (triphenylphthalic acid) dianhydride,
m-Phenylene-bis- (triphenylphthalic acid) dianhydride, bis- (triphenylphthalic acid) -4,4'-diphenyl ether dianhydride, bis- (triphenylphthalic acid) -4,4'-diphenylmethane Dianhydride, 4,
Aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides such as 4'-hexafluoroisopropylidene dianhydride are used.

The tetracarboxylic acid dithio anhydride can be obtained by the reaction of the same tetracarboxylic acid anhydride and sodium sulfide pentahydrate as described above.

Diamine, silylated diamine,
Two or more types of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used.

According to the present invention, by using the aramid-silicone-multiblock copolymer as the material for the polymer film, even if the liquid crystal is injected at room temperature, it is heated to a temperature above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature. By performing the treatment in this manner, it is possible to obtain a uniform and excellent liquid crystal display element without unevenness in injection.

[0024]

EXAMPLES In the following examples, the aramid-silicone-multiblock copolymer represented by the following formula (I) was used.

Embedded image

(Embodiment 1) In the formula (I), m = 1
A polymer having a content of 0 and a siloxane moiety of 10% was dissolved in a mixed solvent of n-methylpyrrolidone and butyl cellosolve (8: 2) so that the content of the polymer was 2% by weight. This solution was applied on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode by a spinner at 2000 rpm for 20 seconds.
Then, it dried at 180 degreeC for 1 hour, and formed the polymer film with a film thickness of 50 nm.

Using the substrate coated as described above, a liquid crystal cell was prepared with a cell gap of 5.5 μm without rubbing the upper and lower substrates.

Nematic liquid crystal ZLI4792 manufactured by Merck Ltd.
0.318% by weight of Chisso CM-34
And the pitch length was adjusted to 22 μm. This liquid crystal was injected into a prepared liquid crystal cell at room temperature in vacuum. Further, after the injection, an isotropic treatment was performed at 110 ° C., and the mixture was cooled at a rate of about 5 ° C./min.

The liquid crystal cells thus obtained were placed one above the other in such a manner that their polarizing directions were orthogonal to each other, and observed. As a result, it was found that there was no uneven injection as shown in FIG. Further, when a voltage of 5 V was applied to this cell, a good black state was shown, and a good viewing angle characteristic without display reversal was seen from either direction.

(Example 2) In Example 1, the formula (I)
Similar results were obtained when a polymer having m = 26 and a siloxane moiety content of 10% was used as the polymer film.

Example 3 In Example 1, the formula (I) was used.
Similar results were obtained when a polymer having m = 38 and a siloxane moiety content of 10% was used as the polymer film.

Example 4 In Example 1, the formula (I)
Similar results were obtained when a polymer having m = 26 and a siloxane moiety content of 20% was used as the polymer film.

(Fifth Embodiment) In the first embodiment, the liquid crystal ZL is used.
LIXON5043X made by Chisso Corporation instead of I4792
Similar results were obtained with X.

(Example 6) In Example 1, instead of the chiral agent CM-34, CN manufactured by Chisso Corporation was used as a liquid crystal ZLI4.
Similar results were obtained when dissolved in 792 at 1%.

Comparative Example When AL1051 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was used as the polymer film in Example 1,
Uneven injection was observed as seen in FIG. Furthermore, even if the heat treatment was carried out for a long time in the isotropic phase, the injection unevenness did not disappear.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a photographic drawing showing a crystal structure of a liquid crystal of a liquid crystal device manufactured according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a photographic drawing showing a crystal structure of liquid crystal of a liquid crystal device manufactured according to a conventional method.

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Fumie Nozawa 1-3-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe City, Saitama Hexton Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having a transparent electrode and a polymer film sequentially formed on the inner surface thereof, wherein the polymer film comprises an aramid-silicone-multiblock copolymer. Is used, and at least one of the polymer films is not subjected to alignment treatment. 2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein neither of the polymer films is subjected to an alignment treatment. 3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer is randomly distributed with respect to the in-plane direction of the substrate. 4. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer and the chiral pitch p of the liquid crystal is 0 <d / p <0.75. 5. The method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition is injected in a nematic phase, and then heated to a temperature higher than a nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature. A method characterized by.