JPH09131822A - Shaped sealing material - Google Patents
Shaped sealing materialInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09131822A JPH09131822A JP7319495A JP31949595A JPH09131822A JP H09131822 A JPH09131822 A JP H09131822A JP 7319495 A JP7319495 A JP 7319495A JP 31949595 A JP31949595 A JP 31949595A JP H09131822 A JPH09131822 A JP H09131822A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- semi
- foam
- seal material
- rubber foam
- closed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明はゴムフォ−ムからな
る定型シ−ル材に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a standard seal material made of a rubber foam.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】周知の通り、発泡体でも独立気泡の発泡
体においは、充分な遮水性を有し、スキン層を有する独
立気泡のゴムフォ−ムは定型シ−ル材としての用途が期
待できる。しかしながら、独立気泡構造は力学的に剛直
であり、変形性に乏しい。そこで、本発明者等において
は、独立気泡のゴムフォ−ムの独立気泡の一部を外部か
らの加圧で破泡させて連続気泡とし（以下、連続発泡フ
ォ−ムの連続気泡の一部を破泡したものを半連・半独フ
ォ−ムと称することがある）、易変形性を付与した定型
シ−ル材を提案した。この半連・半独ゴムフォ−ムの定
型シ−ル材においては、独立気泡が部分的に破泡され連
続化されても、その破泡が屈曲した複雑な破断線に沿っ
て行われること、シ−ル材表面に破断線が殆ど現れない
こと等のために、独立気泡フォ−ムの遮水性をよく保持
できる。2. Description of the Related Art As is well known, even a foam having a closed cell has a sufficient water-blocking property, and a closed-cell rubber foam having a skin layer can be expected to be used as a standard seal material. . However, the closed cell structure is mechanically rigid and poor in deformability. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention broke some of the closed cells of the closed-cell rubber foam by external pressure to form open cells (hereinafter, referred to as a part of the open cells of the open-cell foam). We propose a standard seal material with easily deformable property, which is called a semi-reinforced / semi-independent foam. In this semi-continuous / semi-drug rubber foam standard seal material, even if the closed cells are partially broken and made continuous, the breaking is performed along a complicated broken line that bends, Since the fracture line hardly appears on the surface of the seal material, it is possible to well maintain the water impermeability of the closed cell foam.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】かかる半連・半独フォ
−ムの成形体のシ−ル性には、シ−ル面のスキン層が重
大に寄与している。しかしながら、半連・半独フォ−ム
の素材を成型し、この素材を所定形状に裁断して使用す
る場合、その素材成型時でのスキン層をシ−ル面とする
ように裁断すると、素材や定型シ−ル材の形状・サイズ
の制約が過酷になり、製造が困難になる。また、上記ス
キン層をシ−ル面とする半連・半独フォ−ムの定型シ−
ル材では、仮固定が難しく作業性が悪い。The skin layer of the seal surface significantly contributes to the sealability of the molded product of such a semi-continuous / semi-independent foam. However, when a semi-continuous / semi-independent foam material is molded and used by cutting this material into a predetermined shape, if the skin layer at the time of molding the material is cut to the seal surface, the material will The shape and size of the standard seal material become severe, and manufacturing becomes difficult. In addition, a semi-continuous / semi-independent foam standard sheet having the skin layer as the sealing surface.
With lumber, temporary fixing is difficult and workability is poor.
【０００４】本発明の目的は、容易に仮固定でき、しか
も半連・半独フォ−ムの素材の裁断により所望形状に形
成できる定型シ−ル材を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a standard seal material that can be easily temporarily fixed and can be formed into a desired shape by cutting the material of a semi-continuous / semi-independent foam.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る定型シ−ル
材は、独立気泡と連続気泡の両気泡を有する断面四角形
のゴム発泡体の上下面の一方に、ゴム発泡体よりも軟ら
かい軟質皮膜が設けられ、他面に粘着層が設けられてい
ることを特徴とする構成であり、軟質皮膜は繊維または
粒状物の堆積層とすることができる。また、軟質皮膜の
形成に代え、軟質材料を含浸することもできる。A fixed-size seal material according to the present invention is one of upper and lower surfaces of a rubber foam having a rectangular cross section having both closed and open cells, and is softer than the rubber foam. The soft coating can be a deposited layer of fibers or particles, which is characterized in that a coating is provided and an adhesive layer is provided on the other surface. Further, instead of forming a soft film, a soft material can be impregnated.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の
実施の形態について説明する。図１は本発明に係る定型
シ−ル材を示す断面図である。図１において、１は独立
気泡と連続気泡の両気泡を有する断面四角形のゴム発泡
体であり、独立気泡のゴムフォ−ム素材を外部から加圧
して独立気泡の一部を破泡し、この半連・半独フォ−ム
素材を扁平に裁断したものが使用されている。２はゴム
発泡体１の上面に設けられた軟質皮膜であり、半連・半
独フォ−ムのゴム発泡体１よりも低ヤング率とされてい
る。３はゴム発泡体１の下面に設けられた粘着剤層、４
は粘着剤層３に仮着されたセパレ−タである。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a standard seal material according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a rubber foam having a rectangular cross section having both closed and open cells. The closed foam rubber foam material is externally pressed to rupture some of the closed cells. A flat / semi-form material cut into flat form is used. A soft film 2 is provided on the upper surface of the rubber foam 1, and has a Young's modulus lower than that of the rubber foam 1 of the semi-continuous / semi-foam foam. 3 is an adhesive layer provided on the lower surface of the rubber foam 1, 4
Is a separator temporarily attached to the adhesive layer 3.
【０００７】図２は本発明に係る定型シ−ル材の使用状
態を示している。図２において、５は平行な間隙であ
り、一方の被シ−ル面５１は平滑であるが、他方のシ−
ル面５２は凹凸面である。Ａは本発明に係る定型シ−ル
材を示し、厚み方向に圧縮されて間隙５に装着され、軟
質皮膜２が平滑な被シ−ル面５１に圧接され、粘着層３
が凹凸の被シ−ル面５２に粘着されている。FIG. 2 shows how the standard seal material according to the present invention is used. In FIG. 2, 5 is a parallel gap, and one sealed surface 51 is smooth but the other seal surface 51 is smooth.
The ruled surface 52 is an uneven surface. A represents a standard seal material according to the present invention, which is compressed in the thickness direction and mounted in the gap 5, and the soft film 2 is pressed against a smooth surface 51 to be sealed to form an adhesive layer 3.
Is adhered to the uneven surface 52 to be sealed.
【０００８】上記軟質皮膜においては、半連・半独ゴム
フォ−ムよりも軟らかい、すなわち、ヤング率が低いた
めに、ゴムフォ−ムの圧縮反力を受けて高い圧縮率で圧
縮されて緻密化されシ−ル作用を呈する。この軟質皮膜
には、各種の合成ゴム、熱可塑性樹脂を使用でき、これ
ら合成ゴム、熱可塑性樹脂の溶剤溶液をコ−ティグ−乾
燥処理することにより、またはディッピング−乾燥処理
することにより、あるいはスプレー−乾燥処理すること
により製膜できる。非圧縮時にポ−ラスであっても圧縮
により緻密化するものであればよく、繊維または粒状物
の堆積結合層を使用することもでき、溶剤溶液をスプレ
−により繊維状または粒状化してコ−トすることができ
る。軟質皮膜の材料量は通常１０ｇ／ｍ2〜１００ｇ／
ｍ2とされる（１０ｇ／ｍ2以下では、満足なシ−ル効果
を得難く、１００ｇ／ｍ2以上ではコ−ティングが困難
になり、また定型シ−ル材の柔軟性が低下する）。上記
軟質皮膜の形成に代え、軟質材料の溶剤溶液をゴム発泡
体の上面に含浸することもできる。上記粘着剤層におい
ては、被シ−ル面が凹凸面であっても、粘着剤層がその
粘弾性のために凹凸面によくなじむと共に充分な凝集力
のために充分なシ−ル作用を呈する。この粘着剤層に
は、ブチルゴム系、アクリル系等が使用され、その厚み
は、通常１０μｍ〜６０μｍとされる。In the above-mentioned soft film, since it is softer than the semi-reinforced / semi-independent rubber foam, that is, has a lower Young's modulus, it is compressed and densified at a high compression rate due to the compression reaction force of the rubber foam. It exhibits a sealing action. For this soft film, various synthetic rubbers and thermoplastic resins can be used, and a solvent solution of these synthetic rubbers and thermoplastic resins is subjected to coating-drying treatment or dipping-drying treatment, or spraying. -A film can be formed by a drying treatment. Even if it is porous at the time of non-compression, it may be any one that can be densified by compression, and it is also possible to use a deposited binding layer of fibers or granules. You can The material amount of the soft film is usually 10 g / m 2 to 100 g /
m 2 (10 g / m 2 or less makes it difficult to obtain a satisfactory sealing effect, and 100 g / m 2 or more makes coating difficult and reduces the flexibility of the standard seal material). . Instead of forming the soft film, the solvent solution of the soft material may be impregnated on the upper surface of the rubber foam. In the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, even if the surface to be sealed is an uneven surface, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is well adapted to the uneven surface due to its viscoelasticity and has a sufficient sealing action for sufficient cohesive force. Present. A butyl rubber type, an acrylic type, or the like is used for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the thickness thereof is usually 10 μm to 60 μm.
【０００９】本発明に係る定形シ−ル材を製作するに
は、天然ゴムまたは合成ゴム（クロロプレンゴム、エチ
レン・プロピレン・タ−ポリマ−等）、加硫剤、発泡
剤、充填剤等をバンバリ−ミキサ−、ミキシングロ−ル
等で混練し、シ−ト状、ロッド状等に成形し、これを加
熱して加硫・発泡させ、更に、外部からの加圧により気
泡の一部を破泡し、この半連・半独フォ−ムのシ−トま
たはロッドを所定形状（断面四角形に限定されず、上面
及び下面をシ−ル面とするものであればよい）に裁断
し、この裁断片の上面に軟質皮膜を形成し、下面に粘着
剤を塗布することができる。本発明に係る定形シ−ル材
は、隙間のシ−ル材、例えば、住宅外壁ややキッチンユ
ニット等の目地シ−ル材とし使用される。In order to manufacture the shaped seal material according to the present invention, natural rubber or synthetic rubber (chloroprene rubber, ethylene / propylene / terpolymer, etc.), a vulcanizing agent, a foaming agent, a filler, etc. are Banbury. -Knead with a mixer, mixin-gall, etc., form into a sheet shape, rod shape, etc., heat and vulcanize and foam, and further rupture some of the bubbles by external pressure. Bubble and cut the sheet or rod of this semi-continuous / semi-independent form into a predetermined shape (not limited to a quadrangular cross section, as long as it has a top surface and a bottom surface as a seal surface). A soft coating can be formed on the upper surface of the cut piece and an adhesive can be applied to the lower surface. The shaped seal material according to the present invention is used as a seal material in a gap, for example, a joint seal material for an outer wall of a house or a kitchen unit.
【００１０】[0010]
〔実施例〕下記配合（重量部）の組成物をミキシングロ
−ルで混練し、この混練物をオ−ブンで１５０℃，３０
分の条件で加熱して加硫・発泡させ、オ−ブンから取り
出し、冷却後、加圧法により気泡の一部を破泡させて半
独半連のフォ−ム素材を得た。このフォ−ム素材の比重
は、０．１３ｇ／ｍリットルであった。 配合 エチレン・プロピレン・タ−ポリマ− １００重量部 亜鉛華 ５重量部 ステアリン酸 ３重量部 カ−ボンブラック ５重量部 クレ− ７５重量部 プロセスオイル ４０重量部 硫黄 １．５重量部 ブチルチオウレア ２．０重量部 アゾジカルボン酸アミド ２０重量部 発泡助剤 １４重量部 （永和化成社製、セルペ−ストＫ−５） 上記フォ−ム素材を厚み１０ｍｍ、巾１０ｍｍの断面四
角形のひも状に裁断し、その上面に、溶剤で希釈した軟
質樹脂組成物（熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂、東洋紡社製
商品名バイロンの固形分濃度５０％）をカ−テンスプレ
−法により塗布量３０ｇ／ｍ2にて塗布して軟質皮膜を
形成し、下面にアクリル系粘着剤を厚み４０ｍｍで塗工
して定型シ−ル材を作成した。[Example] A composition having the following composition (parts by weight) was kneaded with mixin-gall, and this kneaded product was heated in an oven at 150 ° C for 30 ° C.
It was heated under the condition of minutes for vulcanization / foaming, taken out from the oven, and after cooling, a part of the air bubbles was broken by a pressurizing method to obtain a semi-raw and semi-continuous foam material. The specific gravity of this foam material was 0.13 g / ml. Blending Ethylene propylene terpolymer 100 parts by weight Zinc white 5 parts by weight Stearic acid 3 parts by weight Carbon black 5 parts by weight Cray 75 parts by weight Process oil 40 parts by weight Sulfur 1.5 parts by weight Butylthiourea 2.0 20 parts by weight Azodicarboxylic acid amide 20 parts by weight Foaming aid 14 parts by weight (Cellpaste K-5, manufactured by Eiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) The above foam material was cut into a square-shaped string having a thickness of 10 mm and a width of 10 mm, and A soft film was formed by applying a soft resin composition diluted with a solvent (thermoplastic polyester resin, solid content concentration of Byron (trade name: Byron, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., 50%)) to the upper surface at a coating amount of 30 g / m 2 by the Katens spray method. Was formed, and an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive was applied to the lower surface with a thickness of 40 mm to prepare a standard seal material.
【００１１】〔比較例１〕実施例の定型シ−ル材に対
し、上下面をスキン層とした以外、実施例に同じとし
た。 〔比較例２〕実施例の定型シ−ル材に対し、上下面とも
切断面のままとした以外、実施例に同じとした。[Comparative Example 1] The same as the Example except that the upper and lower surfaces were skin layers with respect to the standard seal material of the Example. [Comparative example 2] The same as the example except that the upper and lower surfaces of the standard seal material of the example were cut surfaces.
【００１２】上記の実施例品及び各比較例品について、
図３の（イ）及び図３の（ロ）〔図３の（イ）における
ロ−ロ断面図〕に示すように、試料ＡをＵ字形にしてガ
ラス板６，６で挾み、スペ−サ７，７による間隔保持の
もとでガラス板間をボルト・ナット８，…で締結して試
料を厚さ方向に圧縮し、水頭ｈ＝１００ｍｍでＵ字形内
に水９を入れて水漏れの有無を観察する試験を、試料Ａ
の厚み方向圧縮率を１５％、３０％、５０％、７０％と
するように、スペ−サ７，７の厚みを変えて行ったとこ
ろ、表１の通りであった。ただし、○は水漏れ無しを、
×は水漏れ有りをそれぞれ示している。Regarding the above-mentioned example product and each comparative example product,
As shown in (a) of FIG. 3 and (b) of FIG. 3 [a cross-sectional view taken along line (a) of (a) of FIG. 3], the sample A was formed into a U shape and sandwiched between the glass plates 6 and 6, and the The sample is compressed in the thickness direction by tightening the bolts and nuts 8 ... between the glass plates while maintaining the space between them by 7 and 7, and water 9 is put into the U-shape with the water head h = 100 mm and water leaks. Test for observing the presence or absence of sample A
When the thicknesses of the spacers 7 and 7 were changed so that the compressibility in the thickness direction was 15%, 30%, 50% and 70%, the results are shown in Table 1. However, ○ means no water leakage,
X indicates that there is water leakage.
【００１３】[0013]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１４】この試験結果から明らかなように、本発明
に係る定型シ−ル材においては、被シ−ル面が平滑な間
隙に対し、シ−ル面がスキン層であるものと同等以上の
シ−ル性を奏し、軟質皮膜のシ−ル効果を確認できる。
上記間隙に対し、片側の被シ−ル面が凹凸面である場合
のシ−ル性を調べるために、図４の（イ）及び図４の
（ロ）〔図４の（イ）におけるロ−ロ断面図〕に示すよ
うに、厚み１ｍｍのインサ−ト７０を試料Ａと一方のガ
ラス板６との間に介在させ、試料Ａの厚み方向圧縮率を
５０％、７０％とするようにスペ−サ７，７の厚みを変
え、実施例品及び比較例品のそれぞれにつき、上記と同
様に水漏れ試験を行ったところ表２の通りであった。As is apparent from the test results, in the standard seal material according to the present invention, the sealed surface has a smooth gap, while the sealed surface has a skin layer equal to or more than the skin layer. It exhibits sealing property and the sealing effect of the soft film can be confirmed.
In order to examine the sealability when the one surface to be sealed is an uneven surface with respect to the above-mentioned gap, in order to investigate the sealability of FIG. 4A and FIG. -(B) cross section], an insert 70 having a thickness of 1 mm is interposed between the sample A and one glass plate 6 so that the compressibility in the thickness direction of the sample A is 50% and 70%. When the thickness of the spacers 7 and 7 was changed and the water leakage test was performed on each of the example product and the comparative example product in the same manner as above, the results are shown in Table 2.
【００１５】[0015]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】本発明に係る定型シ−ル材においては、
半連・半独のゴムフォ−ム素材を製造し、この素材を裁
断し、裁断片に軟質皮膜及び粘着剤層を形成することで
充分なシ−ル性能を呈し、裁断により所望断面形状・寸
法の各種定型シ−ル材を容易に製作できる。また、独立
気泡のゴムフォ−ム素材の独立気泡の一部を破泡して半
連・半独フォ−ムにでき、変形性の調整も容易であり、
かかる点からも容易に所望特性の定型シ−ル材を得るこ
とができる。EFFECT OF THE INVENTION In the standard seal material according to the present invention,
Manufacture a semi-reinforced semi-automatic rubber foam material, cut this material, and form a soft film and adhesive layer on the cut pieces to provide sufficient seal performance, and cut the desired cross-sectional shape and dimensions. Various standard seal materials can be easily manufactured. In addition, a part of the closed cells of the closed foam rubber foam material can be broken to form a semi-open / semi-independent foam, and the deformability can be easily adjusted.
From this point as well, it is possible to easily obtain a standard seal material having desired characteristics.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]
【図１】本発明に係る定型シ−ル材を示す斜視図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a standard seal material according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明に係る定型シ−ル材の使用状態を示す説
明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a usage state of a standard seal material according to the present invention.
【図３】定型シ−ル材の水漏れ試験方法を示す説明図で
ある。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a water leakage test method for a standard seal material.
【図４】定型シ−ル材の上記とは別の水漏れ試験方法を
示す説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a water leak test method for a standard seal material, which is different from the above.
【符号の説明】 １ ゴム発泡体 ２ 軟質皮膜 ３ 粘着剤層 ６ ガラス板 ７ スペ−サ ７１ インサ−ト ８ ボルト・ナット ９ 水[Explanation of symbols] 1 rubber foam 2 soft film 3 adhesive layer 6 glass plate 7 spacer 71 insert 8 bolt / nut 9 water
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｃ０９Ｋ 3/10 Ｃ０９Ｋ 3/10 Ｚ Ｒ Ｅ０４Ｂ 1/684 Ｅ０４Ｂ 1/68 Ｄ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Office reference number FI Technical display area C09K 3/10 C09K 3/10 Z R E04B 1/684 E04B 1/68 D
Claims (3)
発泡体の上下面の一方に、ゴム発泡体よりも軟らかい軟
質皮膜が設けられ、他面に粘着層が設けられていること
を特徴とする定型シ−ル材。1. A soft coating softer than the rubber foam is provided on one of the upper and lower surfaces of the rubber foam having both closed and open cells, and an adhesive layer is provided on the other surface. A standard seal material.
である請求項１記載の定型シ−ル材。2. The standard seal material according to claim 1, wherein the soft coating is a bonding layer of fibrous or granular materials.
材料の含浸層が形成されていることを特徴とする定型シ
−ル材。3. The standard seal material according to claim 1, wherein an impregnated layer of a difficult material is formed instead of the soft film.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7319495A JPH09131822A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1995-11-13 | Shaped sealing material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7319495A JPH09131822A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1995-11-13 | Shaped sealing material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09131822A true JPH09131822A (en) | 1997-05-20 |
Family
ID=18110864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7319495A Pending JPH09131822A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1995-11-13 | Shaped sealing material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09131822A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007280632A (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-25 | Ichikoh Ind Ltd | Component for vehicle, and sealing member |
| US8221877B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2012-07-17 | Nitto Denko Corportion | Foamed member, foamed member laminate, and electric or electronic device using foamed member |
| KR20180032182A (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | Foamed member, electric or electronic device, and production method for foam |
| JP2019144014A (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-29 | オート化学工業株式会社 | Test piece for stain resistance evaluation, and stain resistance test method using test piece |
-
1995
- 1995-11-13 JP JP7319495A patent/JPH09131822A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8221877B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2012-07-17 | Nitto Denko Corportion | Foamed member, foamed member laminate, and electric or electronic device using foamed member |
| US8715450B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2014-05-06 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Foamed member, foamed member laminate, and electric or electronic device using foamed member |
| JP2007280632A (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-25 | Ichikoh Ind Ltd | Component for vehicle, and sealing member |
| JP4602280B2 (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2010-12-22 | 市光工業株式会社 | Vehicle parts and seal members |
| US8720908B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2014-05-13 | Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle component and sealing member |
| KR20180032182A (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | Foamed member, electric or electronic device, and production method for foam |
| JP2019144014A (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-29 | オート化学工業株式会社 | Test piece for stain resistance evaluation, and stain resistance test method using test piece |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |