JPH08284579A - Vertical shaft excavation method and vertical shaft excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] In a vertical shaft excavating method and vertical shaft excavating machine, by continuously excavating in the depth direction using a diameter expansion cutter, it is possible to efficiently perform construction while controlling the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure. To do so. [Structure] First, the main cutter 9A excavates the ground on the inner peripheral side of the inner surface of the caisson 2, then the diameter-expansion cutter 9B is slightly expanded to expand the bottom of the caisson blade 2a, and then the press-fitting device 4 is used. Try to press fit Caisson 2. At this time, if the press-fitting is not possible, the diameter-expanding cutter 9B is further expanded to continue the diameter-expanding excavation. Expanding to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position at once or in several times for diameter expansion excavation, then returning the excavation cutter 9 to the upper position and fully reducing the diameter expansion cutter 9B, and press fitting the caisson 2 with the press fitting device 4. To do.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vertical shaft excavating method and a vertical shaft excavating machine, and more particularly to a vertical shaft excavating method and a vertical shaft excavating machine for lowering a vertical shaft structure by excavating the inside of the vertical shaft structure with an excavating cutter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional shaft excavation method, a method of excavating an inner peripheral side of a shaft construction (caisson) and a lower side of a shaft of the shaft construction with an excavating cutter to lower the shaft construction, For example, "Mechanization of Construction," 1972, 6
It is described on pages 63 to 71 of the monthly issue. In this conventional technology, using a cutter for excavation having a main cutter and a diameter expansion cutter, the main cutter is used to excavate the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the shaft construction, and the diameter expansion cutter is used to excavate the underside of the shaft of the shaft construction. It has been proposed to reduce the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure and allow the vertical shaft structure to sink by gravity.

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned prior art has the following problems. The diameter-enlarging cutter in the above-mentioned conventional technology has a cutter shape in which the distance from the center of rotation to the cutter blade edge increases from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side in the rotational direction, so the diameter-enlarging cutter can be deepened with the diameter expanded. When excavating in the vertical direction, when the vertical shaft construction subsided by its own weight, the outer peripheral portion of the diameter-enlarging cutter was caught between the cutting edge of the vertical shaft structure and the natural ground, possibly damaging the cutter.

Therefore, in the excavation method using the diameter expansion cutter of the above-mentioned prior art, the position of the excavation cutter in the depth direction is fixed, and in this state, the diameter expansion cutter is expanded and an annular shape corresponding to the shape of the diameter expansion cutter is formed. When excavating a groove and then excavating the lower side of the annular groove, the diameter expansion cutter is first reduced in diameter, the excavation cutter is rotated and a predetermined stroke is excavated downward, and the excavation cutter is adjusted to different depths. After fixing
It was necessary to adopt the intermittent digging method in which the diameter expansion cutter was expanded again and the annular groove corresponding to the shape of the diameter expansion cutter was excavated, and the above steps were repeated to successively expand the diameter of the lower side. . Therefore, the excavation work with the diameter-expanding cutter requires many steps and is inefficient. Moreover, since the above-mentioned conventional technique is intermittent digging, the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure fluctuates, and the blade edge resistance cannot be appropriately controlled.

Further, in the above-mentioned prior art, since there is no means for knowing the positional relationship between the excavating cutter and the blade of the shaft construction, it is impossible to grasp the interference between the excavating cutter and the blade.

A first object of the present invention is to provide a vertical shaft excavating method and a vertical shaft excavating method capable of efficiently constructing a vertical shaft by controlling the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure by continuously excavating in the depth direction using a diameter expanding cutter. Is to provide a machine.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a shaft excavator in which the diameter-enlarging cutter is not caught between the ground and the blade even if the blade of the shaft construction sinks. .

A third object of the present invention is to provide a vertical shaft excavator capable of appropriately grasping the positional relationship between the excavation cutter and the blade of the vertical shaft structure and safely and efficiently constructing the shaft.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above first object, the present invention adopts the following constitution. That is, by using an excavating cutter having a main cutter and a diameter-enlargement cutter, the inner circumference side of the shaft construction and the lower side of the shaft mouth of the shaft structure are excavated to reduce the blade resistance of the shaft structure and lower the shaft structure. In the shaft excavation method,
(A) at least partially increasing the diameter of the diameter-enlarging cutter so that the underside of the blade of the shaft construction can be excavated;
(B) a step of rotating the excavating cutter in a state where the diameter enlarging cutter is expanded to excavate a predetermined stroke downward.

Further, in order to achieve the first object,
The present invention employs the following configurations. That is, by using an excavating cutter having a main cutter and a diameter-expanding cutter, the inner circumference side of the shaft construction and the lower side of the shaft edge of the shaft structure are excavated to reduce the blade resistance of the shaft structure and sink the shaft structure by weight. In the vertical shaft excavating method, (a) the excavating cutter is rotated in a state in which the diameter-enlarging cutter is reduced in diameter toward the inner peripheral side of the main cutter, and the main cutter excavates a predetermined stroke downward Process;
(B) a second step of pulling up the excavating cutter to near the position before excavation; (c) a third step of partially expanding the diameter expanding cutter; (d) expanding the diameter expanding cutter A fourth step of rotating the excavating cutter in a state to excavate a predetermined stroke downward; and (e) a fifth step of repeating the second to fourth steps until the vertical shaft construction sinks by its own weight. The method to have.

In this case, preferably, the first to fifth steps are carried out as an initial step of determining a diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter necessary for causing the vertical shaft structure to sink by gravity, and thereafter, the diameter expansion cutter. Is expanded to near the expanded position at once or several times, and the fourth step is performed.

Further, in order to achieve the above first object,
The present invention employs the following configurations. That is, by using an excavating cutter having a main cutter and a diameter-enlarging cutter, the blade resistance of the shaft construction is reduced by excavating the inner circumference side of the shaft construction and the lower side of the shaft edge of the shaft construction by a device for press-fitting the shaft construction. In the shaft excavation method in which
(A) The excavating cutter is rotated in a state where the diameter-enlarging cutter is reduced in diameter toward the inner peripheral side of the main cutter, and the main cutter excavates a predetermined stroke downward
And (b) a second step of pulling up the excavation cutter to a position before excavation; (c) a third step of applying a pressure input to the blade opening at the lower end of the vertical shaft construction by the press-fitting device; (d)
When the blade opening at the lower end of the vertical shaft construction cannot be press-fitted in the third step, a fourth step of partially expanding the diameter expanding cutter; and (e) the excavating tool with the diameter expanding cutter expanded. A method including a fifth step of excavating a predetermined stroke downward by rotating a cutter; and (f) a sixth step of repeating the second to fifth steps until the vertical shaft structure can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device. And

In this case, preferably, the first to sixth steps are carried out as an initial step for determining the diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter necessary for press-fitting the shaft construction with a press-fitting device.
After that, the diameter expansion cutter is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position at once or several times, and the fifth step and the third step are performed.
Carry out the process.

Further, preferably, when the second step is carried out in the sixth step, the diameter expansion cutter is reduced in diameter from the inner surface of the shaft construction before and after the excavation cutter is pulled up.

In order to achieve the above first and second objects, the present invention adopts the following configuration. That is, a vertical shaft excavator provided with a main cutter for excavating the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the vertical shaft structure, and a drilling cutter having a diameter-enlarging cutter rotatably installed on the main cutter for excavating the lower side of the vertical shaft edge of the vertical shaft structure. In the machine, the center of rotation of the diametrical expansion cutter is located on the inner circumference side from the inner surface of the shaft construction, and the cutter shape of the diametrical expansion cutter is such that the distance from the center of rotation of the diametrical expansion cutter to the cutting edge is the entire rotation direction. The shape is such that it is substantially equal over the circumference or becomes smaller from the inner circumference side to the outer circumference side in the rotational direction.

In order to achieve the third object, the vertical shaft excavator is provided with a sensor for detecting the expanded position of the expanded cutter.

In the shaft excavator, the third
In order to achieve the above object, a sensor for detecting the vertical position of the excavating cutter with respect to the blade of the shaft construction may be provided.

Furthermore, in the shaft excavator, the third
In order to achieve the purpose of, a sensor for detecting the expanded diameter position of the expanded diameter cutter, and a sensor for detecting the vertical position of the expanded diameter cutter with respect to the blade of the shaft construction Good.

In the shaft excavator, the third
In order to achieve the purpose of, a sensor for detecting the diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter, a sensor for detecting the vertical position of the diameter expansion cutter with respect to the shaft of the shaft construction, and from the sensor Means for displaying the positional relationship between the excavating cutter and the blade of the shaft construction may be provided based on the above information.

[0020]

In the vertical shaft excavating method of the present invention configured as described above, the excavating cutter is rotated in a state where the diameter enlarging cutter is at least partially enlarged in diameter to excavate a predetermined stroke downward, and Since it is continuously excavated in the depth direction, it can be constructed more efficiently than the conventional intermittent excavation method. Also, since it is possible to excavate without forming an annular groove corresponding to the shape of the diameter expansion cutter like the intermittent digging method, the fluctuation of the blade opening resistance of the vertical shaft construction is reduced, and the blade opening resistance is appropriate. Can be controlled.

Further, in the shaft excavating method of the present invention,
Rotate the excavating cutter with the diameter-expanding cutter in a reduced diameter, and perform a predetermined stroke downward by the main cutter, then gradually expand the diameter-expanding cutter and perform a predetermined stroke downward, By repeating these steps until the vertical shaft construction sinks under its own weight, it is possible to perform the construction efficiently while appropriately controlling the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure as described above. Further, since the diameter-expanding cutter is gradually expanded until the vertical shaft construction sinks due to its own weight, the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft construction gradually decreases, and the vertical gravity settlement speed of the vertical shaft construction can be reduced.

Further, once the vertical shaft construction has been submerged by its own weight, it is possible to improve efficiency by expanding the diameter expansion cutter to the vicinity of the expanded diameter position at the time of vertical gravity of the vertical shaft construction by excavating by expanding the diameter at once or several times. Can be installed well. In this case, as the vertical shaft structure moves downward, the sinking resistance of the vertical shaft structure tends to increase. Therefore, even if the vertical shaft structure is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position, the vertical shaft structure may not sink by its own weight. In this case, the diameter expansion cutter is further expanded and excavated, and the vertical shaft structure is submerged by its own weight. Whether the diameter-expanding cutter is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter-expanding position by one-time or excavated by several times is determined according to the torque capability of the cutter rotation drive device.

Further, in the shaft excavating method of the present invention,
Rotate the excavating cutter with the diameter-expanding cutter in the reduced diameter to excavate a predetermined stroke downward with the main cutter, then apply pressure to the blade of the vertical shaft with the press-fitting device,
When the shaft construction cannot be press-fitted, the diameter expansion cutter is gradually expanded to perform a predetermined stroke excavation, and these steps are repeated until the shaft construction can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device to control the blade edge resistance as described above. In addition to being able to construct efficiently, it is possible to control the subsidence timing and subsidence speed of the vertical shaft structure, and to prevent an unexpected self-weight subsidence of the vertical shaft structure. In addition, even if the vertical shaft structure unexpectedly sinks due to its own weight, the blade edge resistance is gradually reduced, so the sinking speed can be reduced.

Further, once the vertical shaft construction can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device, the diameter-expanding cutter is excavated to the vicinity of the radial expansion position at the time of press-fitting the vertical shaft construction at one time or in several times to make the construction more efficient. can do. In this case, as the vertical shaft structure moves downward, the sinking resistance of the vertical shaft structure tends to increase.Therefore, it may not be possible to press fit the vertical shaft structure with the press fitting device even if the diameter is increased to near the vertical shaft structure. . In this case, the diameter expansion cutter is further expanded and excavated, and the vertical shaft structure is press-fitted by the press-fitting device. Also in this case, it is determined according to the torque capability of the cutter rotation drive device whether the diameter-expanding cutter is to be expanded and excavated to the vicinity of the expanded position at a time or to be expanded and excavated several times.

Further, when the excavation cutter is pulled up when the diameter expansion excavation and the pressure insertion are repeated until the shaft construction can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device, the diameter expansion cutter is pulled from the inner surface of the shaft construction before and after the excavation cutter is pulled up. By reducing the diameter to the side, it is possible to prevent the blade opening from hitting the diameter-enlarging cutter when the shaft construction can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device.

Further, in the shaft excavator of the present invention, the cutter shape of the diameter expanding cutter is such that the distance from the center of rotation of the diameter expanding cutter to the cutting edge of the diameter expanding cutter is substantially equal over the entire circumference in the rotating direction or from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side in the rotating direction. By making the shape so that it becomes smaller as it goes to the side, even when the vertical shaft construction sinks by its own weight while continuously excavating in the depth direction with the diameter expansion cutter, the outer peripheral part of the diameter expansion cutter is Since the diametrical expansion cutter escapes to the main cutter side without being pinched between the blade opening and the ground, damage to the diametrical expansion cutter can be prevented. As a result, the shaft excavation method of the present invention including the step of continuously excavating in the depth direction can be implemented.

Further, in the shaft excavator of the present invention, by providing means for displaying the positional relationship between the excavating cutter and the blade of the shaft construction, the driver can detect the excavation cutter and the lower end of the blade of the shaft construction. It is possible to move the excavating cutter downward by appropriately grasping the positional relationship of the excavation, and it is possible to excavate efficiently and safely.

[0028]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, the present embodiment relates to excavation of a vertical shaft by road construction, and a rectangular caisson 2 which is a vertical shaft structure is directly hit at the upper part of the vertical shaft. The caisson 2 has a blade opening 2a at the lower end, and is settled by its own weight or pressed downward by a press-fitting means (press-fitting device 4 described later). However, if the ground becomes hard or the press-fitting depth becomes deep, the press-fitting resistance (the sum of the buoyancy acting on the caisson 2 and the press-fitting resistance (blade resistance) at the tip 2a of the ground and the caisson 2 wall friction resistance or adhesive resistance) It increases and press-fitting becomes difficult. Therefore, in the vertical shaft excavator of the present embodiment, a cutter device 10 including a cutter 9 for excavation is installed, and the cutter device 10 is rotated to excavate the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the caisson 2 and the caisson blade 2a lower side. To reduce the press-fitting resistance.

The cutter device 10 is suspended by a winch 11 including a hook 11a, and the excavation cutter 9 is pressed against the ground by its own weight to excavate. Winch 11
As for the hydraulic winch, a hydraulic winch equipped with a hydraulic sensor for detecting the winch drive hydraulic pressure is used, and the suspending force of the cutter device 10 is detected from the detection value of the hydraulic sensor. By detecting the suspending force of the cutter device 10, the force of the excavating cutter 9 to press against the natural ground is grasped, and the excavating cutter 9 can be efficiently excavated by pressing the excavating cutter 9 against the natural ground with an optimum load. Further, since the force for pressing the excavating cutter 9 against the natural ground by suspending the cutter device 10 is only the cutter's own weight, there is an advantage that the torque of the excavating cutter 9 can be small. The hanging force of the cutter device 10 may be measured by directly attaching a load cell to the wire portion of the winch 11 and detecting the wire tension. The means for suspending the cutter device 10 may be a jack. In this case, the jack hydraulic pressure may be detected to measure the suspending force. However, since a turret 16 for suspending the cutter device 10 becomes large and high when a jack is used, a winch is preferable for under the road construction as in this embodiment. Alternatively, the cutter device 10 may be directly suspended by a crane.

The cutter device 10 includes a cutter portion including a cutter 9 for excavation, a cutter shaft 7, and a relay pipe 3.
2, a drill pipe 6, and a kelly bar pipe 5, and is configured by a cutter drive shaft portion that transmits a cutter excavation torque to the cutter portion.

The cutter drive shaft portion includes the drive cutter 9,
The drill pipe 6 is connected between the kelly bar pipe 5 and the drill pipe 6 or the relay pipe 32 as 10 goes to the lower part.

As shown in FIG. 2, a circular cutter guide 8 is mounted on the cutter shaft 7 so that the excavating cutter 9 is not largely displaced from the caisson 2. Further, the cutter shaft 7 portion has a double pipe structure, and pipes and cables pass through the gap between the pipes.

The kelly bar pipe 5 has a rectangular shape,
It has a role of transmitting a cutter rotation force from a cutter rotation drive device 17 described later to the excavating cutter 9.
In this embodiment, since the construction is under the road, it is necessary to keep the height of the turret 16 as low as possible. Therefore, the vertical stroke of the excavating cutter 9 is kept small. Instead, the carver pipe 5 has a split structure, and if necessary, Te Keriba Pipe 5
The caisson blade 2a can be excavated deeper by connecting the above.

3 to 5 show the details of the cutter section. As shown in FIG. 3, the excavating cutter 9 includes a 4-blade main cutter 9A and a diameter-expanding cutter 9B provided on two of the main cutters 9A. Since the outer diameter of the main cutter 9A is made slightly smaller than the inner corner size of the caisson 2, the excavation range of the main cutter 9A is inside the alternate long and short dash line A, and the earth and sand inside the caisson 2 can be excavated. .

The diametrical expansion cutter 9B is, as shown in FIG.
It is installed rotatably around the pin 33 on the main cutter 9A, and by expanding the diameter expansion jack 15, the diameter expansion cutter 9B opens in the outer diameter direction. When the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is fully opened, the excavation range is between the outside of the one-dot chain line A and the inside of the one-dot chain line B shown in FIG.
The lower side can be expanded and excavated. Further, by expanding the expansion jack 15, the expansion cutter 9B can be moved to
It is drawn into the excavation range of the main cutter 9A as shown by the dotted line. Further, the cutter shape of the diameter expanding cutter 9B is such that when the diameter expanding cutter 9B is pulled into the main cutter 9A after the diameter expanding excavation, the diameter expanding cutter 9B comes into contact with an unexcavated portion of the natural ground and pulls into the excavation range of the main cutter 9A. Pin 3 which is the center of rotation of the diameter expansion cutter
It is arranged so that the distance from 3 to the cutter blade edge is substantially equal over the entire circumference in the rotation direction.

Further, since the shape of the caisson 2 is rectangular, even if excavation is carried out by the main cutter 9A and the diameter-expanding cutter 9B, as shown in FIG. . Therefore, the water jet nozzle 34 is attached to the outer corner portion of the caisson 2 so that washing and excavation of the lower side near the outer corner portion of the caisson 2 can be performed. Although not shown, a similar water jet nozzle may be attached to the inner corner of the caisson 2. The water jet nozzle 34 is used when the caisson 2 cannot be press-fitted by excavating with the main cutter 9A and the diameter-expanding cutter 9B.

At the center of the excavating cutter 9, there is installed a mud discharge port 31 for sucking up the muddy water in which the water sent into the caisson 2 and the excavated earth and sand are mixed. The muddy water is the cutter shaft 7,
It is passed through the relay pipe 32, the drill pipe 6, and the kelly bar pipe 5 and discharged to a muddy water treatment device tank (not shown) installed outside the mine. The muddy water treats the discharged soil,
It is recycled into the caisson 2 again.

Each of the diameter-expanding jacks 15 has a built-in stroke gauge for detecting a jack stroke, and the diameter-expanding position of the diameter-expanding cutter 9B can be calculated by detecting the jack stroke. Here, by using the stroke built-in jack as the diameter-expanding jack 15, the stroke gauge is not damaged even in earth and sand or muddy water.

The hydraulic hose cables (push / pull total 4) 44 for driving the expanded diameter jack 15 and the signal lines (2) for detecting the jack stroke are shown in FIGS.
As shown in, the cutter shaft 7 is a double pipe.
Passing through the section, and further clamped along the relay pipe 32 and the drill pipe 6, extending to the end of the drill pipe 6 immediately before the cutter rotation driving device 17 for driving the cutter, and at the end of the hydraulic hose cable 44, a quick coupler 3 described later.
9 is connected. This eliminates the need for mounting the hydraulic rotary joint and the signal line slip ring, and allows the machine to be manufactured at low cost.

A cutter rotation drive device 17 for rotating the excavating cutter 9 is mounted on the uppermost kerry bar pipe 5 of the cutter drive shaft. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the cutter rotation driving device 17 is composed of a fixed table 36, a hydraulic motor 18 attached to the fixed table 36, and a rotary table 37 shown by hatched portions. A square hole 37a is opened at the center of the rotary table 37, and the kelly bar pipe 5 having a square cross section passes through the hole 37a. By sending pressurized oil to the hydraulic motor 18 with a hydraulic pump described later, the hydraulic motor 1
When the rotary table 8 is rotated, the rotary table 37 is rotated, and this rotation causes the excavating cutter 9 to rotate via the kelly bar pipe 5, the drill pipe 6, the relay pipe 32, and the cutter shaft 7.

As shown in FIG. 6, a swivel joint 13 is mounted on the upper end of the kelly bar pipe 5, and the swivel joint 13 is hung so as to prevent the rotation of the kerry bar pipe 5 from being transmitted to the hook 11a. The bracket 38 is attached. Further, the suction pipe 12 is attached to the non-rotating portion of the upper end of the swivel joint 13, and the muddy water that has passed through the cutter shaft 7, the relay shaft 32, the drill pipe 6, and the kelly bar pipe 5 is discharged from the suction pipe 12 by a suction tank (not shown). Is discharged to.

As shown in FIG. 9, the suspension bracket 38 attached to the swivel joint 13 has a guide roller 20 attached to the end thereof.
0 strokes the guide part of the turret 16 part up and down.
In this guide, the hook 11a has a swivel joint 13
It is attached to prevent rotation due to the rotational force of the sliding resistance. A stroke meter 19 is attached to this guide portion, and this stroke meter 19 detects the stroke of the excavating cutter 9 with respect to the caisson 2. At this time, since there is the guide roller 20, the stroke meter 19 can accurately detect the stroke without twisting the wire.

On the caisson 2 is a base 3 for a press-fitting device.
5 is attached to the caisson 2 by pushing reaction force to the anchor 3 and extending the jack on the press-fitting device base 35.
A press-fitting device 4 for press-fitting into the ground is mounted.

FIG. 10 shows a hydraulic circuit diagram for operating the diameter expanding cutter 9B. In the figure, the A circuit part is installed on the ground, and the B circuit part is installed on the cutter part.

When the expanding cutter 9B is used, the hydraulic hose cable 44 extending from just before the cutter rotation drive device 17 to the hydraulic hose cable 45 from the drive power unit 29 on the ground is connected to the quick coupler 39 with a check valve. By connecting the cable from the AD converter 40 described later to the stroke detection cable, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is opened to the outer peripheral side while detecting the stroke. At this time, when the hydraulic hose cables 44 and 45 are removed at the same position and the excavating cutter 9 is rotated at the same position due to the resistance of the natural ground, the hydraulic hose cables 44 and 45 are connected again and the diameter expansion cutter is used. 9B is opened to the outer peripheral side, and this operation is repeated to open the diameter expansion cutter 9B to the predetermined position on the outer peripheral side.

In the B circuit portion, when the diameter expansion cutter 9B is pushed down abruptly due to the caisson 2 sinking, the diameter expansion jack 15 is abruptly contracted, so that the hydraulic pressure on the jack bottom side rises and the jack bottom side hydraulic pressure rises for a short time. Pressurized oil is jetted out from the relief valve 22A, part of which is supplied to the jack rod side through the check valve 21, and the remainder is jetted into the cutting mud through the check valve 23.

Further, in this hydraulic circuit, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is used.
Is equipped with an accumulator 24 in case it is pulled out with an unexpected force. When the diametrical expansion cutter 9B is pulled out, the diametrical expansion jack 15 is extended,
The hydraulic pressure on the jack rod side rises and the relief valve 22B
More pressurized oil is jetted out, and along with it is supplied to the jack bottom side through the check valve 21, but there is a difference in area, so the bottom side is in a vacuum state. Therefore, the shortage is supplied from the accumulator 24.

Here, in this embodiment, it is rare to excavate the lower side of the caisson blade 2a from the condition of the ground,
Since it is determined that the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is not used frequently, it is decided to release the oil into the face mud. However, in order to stop the jetting of the oil into the face mud, the outlet side of the check valve 23 is used. A sealed tank (preferably a tank with a relief valve) should be attached to the. The check valve 23 may be a relief valve.

In the A circuit portion, the operation of the diameter expansion cutter 9B is controlled by operating the electromagnetic switching valve 25. The oil in the oil tank 100 is the drive power unit 2
Open / close valve 101 and filter 2 by the hydraulic pump 9
It is sucked up via 7 and supplied to the electromagnetic switching valve 25 via the check valve 28. When the electromagnetic switching valve 25 is closed, the oil from the hydraulic pump is transferred to the electromagnetic switching valve 2
It is returned to the oil tank 101 via the flow path in 5. A relief valve 26 is arranged between the check valve 28 and the filter 27. When the electromagnetic switching valve 25 is opened, oil from the hydraulic pump is supplied to the bottom side or rod side of the diameter expansion jack 15 according to the switching direction, and the diameter expansion cutter 9B opens and closes.

When excavating with the excavating cutter 9 as described above, the driver must always know the positions of the main cutter 9A, the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a, especially the diameter-enlarging. When the diameter expansion excavation is performed using the cutter 9B, the diameter expansion cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a may interfere with each other. Also, even if you do not expand the diameter,
It is necessary to always know the positions of the caisson blade 2a and the excavating cutter 9 such as "how much depth is to be excavated by the main cutter 9A, and the retracting position of the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is good when press-fitting the caisson 2". Efficient excavation is not possible. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the above positional relationship is copied onto the CRT, and the driver performs the construction while looking at it.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the CRT display system. In FIG. 11, the analog electric signals of the diameter expansion jack stroke and the cutter up / down stroke sent from the stroke gauges 15 and 19 are converted into digital signals by the A / D converter 40 and taken into the personal computer 41.
Further, the number of caisson 2 to be built and the number of drill pipes 6 are manually input to the personal computer 41 each time they are added. The personal computer 41 calculates these pieces of information, and calculates each distance of the necessary part by C
The excavation cutter 9 is displayed on the CRT 42 while being displayed on the RT 42, and each part is moved according to the operation.

FIG. 12 shows an example of a screen projected on the CRT 42. The CRT 42 projects the lower part of the caisson 2 and the cutter portion of the cutter device 10. Further, for example, the distance A from the ground surface to the lower end of the caisson blade 2a, the maximum distance B from the lower end of the caisson blade 2a to the ground, the distance C from the outermost diameter portion of the excavating cutter 9 to the lower end of the caisson blade 2a, Distance D from the lower end of the caisson blade mouth 2a to the lower end of the excavating cutter 9, distance E from the outermost diameter portion of the excavating cutter 9 to the outer surface of the caisson blade mouth 2a, caisson blade from the outermost diameter portion of the excavating cutter 9 The distance F to the inner surface of the mouth 2a is displayed numerically.

In the present embodiment, the drawing of the lower part of the caisson 2 and the cutter portion of the cutter device 10 is displayed on the screen of the CRT 42, but it is also possible to display numerical values only. In addition, the positional information of the excavating cutter 9 and the caisson 2 as described above is set to C
In addition to the screen display of the RT 42, a warning when the retracting position of the excavating cutter 9 is inappropriate when the caisson 2 is press-fitted by the press-fitting device 4, or when the caisson 2 interferes when the expanding cutter 9B is widened It may be used for alarms or interlocks.

Next, an excavation method using the vertical shaft excavator constructed as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 25.

(1) When the ground is soft (press-fitting device
If the caisson 2 is going down by its own weight because the ground is soft, first consider the bulge of the ground and retract the excavation cutter 9 to the upper position (see FIG. 13).
When the weight does not subside by itself, the caisson 2 is further pushed by the press-fitting device 4 (see FIG. 14). When the press-fitting device 4 cannot press-fit, the main cutter 9A is rotated to excavate the ground that is clogged on the inner peripheral side of the inner surface of the caisson 2, and the muddy water is discharged from the drainage port 31 at the center of the cutter as the muddy water. The excavated sediment is discharged (see Fig. 15). At this time, the excavation is not performed too deeply and is stopped until the caisson 2 does not sink to its own weight (see FIG. 16), and the excavation cutter 9 is retracted to the upper position in consideration of the bulge of the natural ground (see FIG. 17). , Further press the caisson 2 with the press-fitting device 4 (Fig. 18
reference). The above process is repeated to lay the caisson 2. If excavation is performed by this method, the caisson 2 will not sink due to its own weight, thus improving safety.

(2) When the ground is hard (there is a press-fitting device) When the ground is hard due to the sand layer, gravel layer, etc., the caisson 2 does not sink under its own weight. Furthermore, even if the inner side of the caisson 2 is excavated by the main cutter 9A and then pushed by the press-fitting device 4, the caisson 2 may not be press-fitted. In such a case, first, the main cutter 9A excavates the ground on the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the lower part of the caisson 2 (see FIG. 19), then pulls back the excavation cutter 9 to the front position, and extends the diameter expansion jack 15. As a result, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is slightly expanded to perform diameter expansion excavation (see FIG. 20). When this excavation is completed (see FIG. 21), the excavating cutter 9 is returned to the upper position (see FIG. 22), the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is fully contracted, and when the caisson 2 sinks, the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a are After making sure that the caisson 2 does not come in contact with the caisson 2, try pressing the caisson 2 with the press-fitting device 4. In addition, you may return the excavation cutter 9 to an upper position, after making the diameter expansion cutter 9B fully contracted. At this time, if the caisson 2 cannot be press-fitted, the diameter expansion jack 1
5 is expanded to further expand the diameter expansion cutter 9B for diameter expansion excavation (see FIG. 23), and at the end of excavation (see FIG. 24)
Then, the excavation cutter 9 is returned to the upper position, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is fully contracted, and it is tried whether the caisson 2 can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device 4. The above operation is repeated until the caisson 2 can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device 4. As described above, since the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is continuously excavated in the depth direction in the diameter-enlarged state, it is possible to excavate more efficiently than in the conventional intermittent excavation method and to form an annular groove. Because there is no such thing, the fluctuation of the blade edge resistance of the caisson 2 is reduced
Blade edge resistance can be controlled appropriately. Further, gradually opening the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B and continuously excavating the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B with the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B in the depth direction gradually reduces the blade opening resistance of the caisson 2. By gradually decreasing the blade edge resistance and press-fitting the caisson 2 with the press-fitting device 4, it is possible to control the subsidence timing and subsidence speed of the caisson 2 and prevent the causson 2 from accidentally sinking due to its own weight. You can In addition, even if the caisson 2 sinks, the blade edge resistance of the caisson 2 gradually decreases, so that the sinking speed can be small.

When the above-mentioned work is carried out as an initial step and the diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter 9B necessary for press-fitting the caisson 2 by the press-fitting device 4 is determined, in the subsequent excavation, first, the excavation cutter 9B is used. When there is enough torque,
The diameter expansion cutter 9B is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position required for the press-fitting of the caisson 2 at a time for diameter expansion excavation, and after excavation, the excavation cutter 9 is returned to the upper position and the diameter expansion cutter 9B is fully contracted, and the press fitting device is installed. Repeat the process of press-fitting caisson 2 at 4. On the other hand, when the torque of the excavating cutter 9 is small and the diameter enlarging cutter 9B cannot be energized at a time by enlarging the diameter enlarging cutter 9B, the diameter enlarging cutter 9B is fully contracted, and the main cutter 9A is first used to cut the caisson 2 from the inner surface. After excavating the ground on the inner peripheral side, pulling back the excavating cutter 9 to the front position after excavation,
Subsequently, the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter-enlarging position required for press-fitting the caisson 2 at a time for diameter-enlarging excavation, and after excavation, the excavation cutter 9 is returned to the upper position and the diameter-enlarging cutter 9 is also used.
The process of fully contracting B and press-fitting the caisson 2 with the press-fitting device 4 is repeated. In these cases, as the caisson 2 moves downward, the sinking resistance of the caisson 2 tends to increase. Therefore, the caisson 2 cannot be press-fitted by the press-fitting device 4 even if the caisson 2 is expanded to the vicinity of the expanded diameter position and excavated. Sometimes, in this case, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is further expanded and excavated, and the caisson 2 is press-fitted by the press-fitting device 4. in this way,
In addition to continuously excavating the diameter-expanding cutter 9B in the depth direction with the diameter-expanding cutter 9B expanded, the diameter-expansion cutter 9B is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter-expansion position required for press-fitting the caisson 2 once or several times. Since the diameter is excavated, it is possible to excavate more efficiently. Further, by continuously excavating in the depth direction with the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B in the diameter-enlarged state, the blade opening resistance of the caisson 2 can be appropriately controlled as in the initial step. Further, as described above, by excavating with the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B expanded to the vicinity of the diameter-enlarging position required for press-fitting determined in the initial step, and pressing the caisson 2 with the press-fitting device 4, the same as in the initial step. By controlling the subsidence time and the subsidence speed of the caisson 2, it is possible to prevent the submergence of the caisson 2 due to its own weight, and even if the caisson 2 subsides, the subsidence speed can be small.

Although the diameter expanding cutter 9B was fully opened (see FIG. 25) for excavation, the caisson 2 was pressed by the press-fitting device 4.
When it is impossible to press-fit, the excavation cutter 9 is retracted to the upper position, the water jet 34 is jetted from the outer corner of the caisson blade 2a to scour the lower part of the caisson blade 2a, and then the caisson 2 is removed. Press fit.

In the excavation of the above (1) and (2), the caisson 2 has its own weight and the force of the press-fitting device 4, the press-fitting resistance (the press-fitting resistance of the ground and the frictional resistance or the adhesion resistance of the caisson 2 wall), Whether or not it can be press-fitted is determined by the balance of buoyancy and sum power. At the time of excavation, the caisson 2 should be prevented from sinking by its own weight as much as possible. However, if the caisson 2 is excessively excavated, the caisson 2 may sink by its own weight, and it is necessary to consider it.

FIG. 26 shows an example of countermeasures against the gravity weight settlement of the caisson 2. In FIG. 26, when the caisson 2 sinks under its own weight during excavation by the main cutter 9A, if the descending speed of the caisson 2 is higher than the excavating speed of the main cutter 9A, the excavating cutter 9 is pressed against the natural ground, and eventually the excavating cutter 9A. The wire tension of the winch 11 that suspends the wire becomes 0, and the wire sags.
The slack of the wire prevents the caisson 2 from being subjected to its own weight on the excavating cutter 9 even in the worst case. In addition, the slack 16 suspending the winch 11 is notched at the upper position where it interferes with the sludge discharge pipe in case the wire slack cutter drive shaft is relatively pushed up.

Further, in the excavation in the case where the ground is hard in (2) above, the caisson 2 is excavated during excavation by the diameter expansion cutter 9B.
When the self-weight subsidence occurs, the diametrical expansion cutter 9B escapes into the main cutter 9A so that the diametrical expansion cutter 9B is not pinched between the caisson blade 2a and the ground in addition to the bending of the wire. There is. That is, as described above, when the diameter expansion cutter 9B is pushed by the caisson blade opening 2a, oil is jetted from the relief valve 22A on the extension side of the diameter expansion jack 15 to contract the diameter expansion jack 15 and the diameter expansion cutter 9B.
By storing B in the main cutter 9A, the caisson blade 2a
The expansion cutter 9B is prevented from being caught between the ground and the ground.

In the excavation of (1) and (2), the driver excavates the lower part of the caisson 2 to propel the caisson 2 by sinking. At this time, the excavating cutter 9 is used.
It is inconvenient if the positional relationship between the caisson blade 2a and the caisson blade 2a is not known. Especially, in the excavation of (2) above, the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is divided into the area near the diameter-enlarging position required for press-fitting the caisson 2 at once or several times. In order to expand the diameter, the diameter expanding cutter 9 must be used unless the positional relationship between the excavating cutter 9 and the caisson blade 2a is known.
The diameter expansion amount of B cannot be determined. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as described above, the cutter portion is displayed on the CRT 42, the respective distances A to F of the necessary portions are displayed, and the driver excavates while viewing the CRT screen. This allows the driver to grasp the positions of the main cutter 9A and the diameter-expanding cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a, and to excavate safely and efficiently.

As described above, according to the vertical shaft excavating method of the present embodiment, since the diameter expanding cutter 9B is expanded continuously in the depth direction, it is more efficient than the conventional intermittent excavation method. You can drill well.

Further, since the diameter expanding cutter 9B is continuously expanded in the depth direction without forming the annular groove in the expanded diameter state, the fluctuation of the blade opening resistance of the caisson 2 is reduced and the blade opening resistance is reduced. It can be controlled appropriately. Further, in the initial step, the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is gradually expanded and continuously excavated in the depth direction, so that in the subsequent steps, the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter-increasing position required for press-fitting determined in the initial step.
The diameter of the caisson 2 is continuously excavated to reduce the blade edge resistance of the caisson 2 to an appropriate value. In this state, the caisson 2 is press-fitted by the press-fitting device 4, so that the caisson 2 sinks. By controlling the timing and the settlement speed, it is possible to prevent the caisson 2 from unexpectedly sinking due to its own weight. Also,
Even if Caisson 2 sinks, the sinking speed is small.

Further, in the excavation after determining the diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter 9B necessary for press-fitting the caisson 2 in the initial step, when the torque of the excavation cutter 9 is sufficient, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is used. When the diameter of the excavation cutter 9 is small and the diameter of the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B cannot be excavated at a time, the main cutter first After excavating the ground on the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the lower part of the caisson 2 with 9A, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is expanded at a time to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position required for press-fitting of the caisson 2, and the diameter expansion is excavated. can do.

Further, according to the shaft excavator of this embodiment, the diameter of the diameter expanding cutter 9B has a cutter shape in which the distance from the pin 33, which is the center of rotation of the diameter expanding cutter 9B, to the cutting edge of the cutter is substantially equal over the entire circumference in the rotation direction. Therefore, even if the caisson 2 sinks under its own weight while continuously excavating in the depth direction by the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B, the outer peripheral portion of the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is located between the caisson blade 2a and the ground. The expansion cutter 9B escapes to the main cutter 9A side without being caught, and damage to the expansion cutter 9B is prevented. Thereby, it becomes possible to implement the shaft excavation method including the step of continuously excavating in the depth direction.

The stroke gauges 15 and 19 detect the positional relationship between the fixed cutter 9 and the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a, and display the detected positional relationship on the CRT 42 of the personal computer 41. By properly grasping the positional relationship with the lower end of the caisson blade 2a, the excavating cutter 9 can be moved downward while watching the CRT screen, and excavation can be performed efficiently and safely.

In the present embodiment, the expanded diameter position of the expanded diameter cutter 9B is detected by the stroke meter 15, the vertical position of the excavating cutter 9 with respect to the caisson blade 2a is detected by the stroke meter 19, and these positions are detected. Based on the detected values, the fixed cutter 9, the diameter expansion cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a
Although the positional relationship of No. 1 is displayed on the CRT 42, the present invention is not limited to this, and any one of the expanded position of the expanded cutter 9B and the vertical position of the excavating cutter 9 with respect to the caisson blade 2a may be detected. You may

FIG. 27 shows a modification of this embodiment. In this modified embodiment, the diameter-enlarging cutter is shaped such that the distance from the pin 33 to the cutter blade edge decreases from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side in the rotational direction.

As described above, when the shape of the expanding cutter 9B is such that the distance from the pin 33 to the cutting edge of the cutter is substantially equal over the entire circumference in the rotation direction, the main cutter 9
When the rigidity of A and the member that suspends the main cutter 9A is low and the ground is hard, the deflection of the main cutter 9A and the member that suspends the main cutter 9A causes the expansion cutter 9B to expand when retracted. There is a possibility that the diameter cutter 9B may be caught in the unexcavated ground and may not be smoothly drawn into the main cutter 9A. According to this modified embodiment, the expansion cutter 9C is attached to the expansion jack 15
When the expansion cutter 9C is pulled into the main cutter 9A due to the weight of the caisson blade 2a sinking, the radius of gyration R of the expansion cutter 9C becomes smaller toward the outer peripheral side. It can be reliably pulled into the main cutter 9A without touching the ground.

28 and 29 show another modification of this embodiment. In this modified embodiment, the cutter guide is attached to the caisson 2 side (fixed side). in this case,
When the cutter portion including the excavating cutter 9 is collected (pulled up), the cutter guide 8A is opened upward as indicated by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. 28 to prevent interference with the excavating cutter 9. Also in this case, since the cutter shaft 7 portion becomes a sliding portion, the cutter shaft 7 portion has a double pipe structure as shown in FIG.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the caisson 2 is lowered by its own weight sinking without using a press-fitting device. In the figure,
The same members as the members shown in are given the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 30, the vertical shaft excavator of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that the press-fitting device 4, the anchor 3 and the press-fitting device base 35 are not provided. Is the same as that shown in.

An excavation method using the above vertical shaft excavator will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 25. 13 to 25 show the propulsion process when the caisson 2 is press-fitted by using the press-fitting device as described above, but since the press-fitting device is not provided in this embodiment, the following description will be given. Only the lower part of the caisson 2 and the lower part in the figure showing the cutter part will be referred to.

(1) When the ground is soft (such as a press fitting device)
If the caisson 2 is lowered due to its own weight due to the soft ground, first the excavation cutter 9 is retracted to the upper position (see the lower part of FIG. 13) in consideration of the bulge of the ground, and the caisson 2 The main cutter 9A is rotated at the time when the weight of the main cutter 9A does not settle down to excavate the ground that is blocked from the inner surface of the caisson 2 on the inner peripheral side, and the drainage port 31 at the center of the main cutter 9A
The excavated earth and sand is discharged to the outside of the mine as more muddy water (see the lower part of FIGS. 15 and 16). As the earth and sand on the inner circumference side of the caisson 2 are excavated and discharged by the main cutter 9A, the blade edge resistance of the caisson 2 decreases, so that gravity weight sinking again occurs and the caisson 2 lowers (see the lower part of FIG. 18). In this case, as described above, if the lowering speed of the caisson 2 is faster than the excavating speed of the main cutter 9A, the excavating cutter 9 is pressed against the ground, and the wire of the winch 11 that suspends the excavating cutter 9 sags. It is possible to prevent the excavation cutter 9 from being subjected to the weight of the caisson 2. After that, the excavation cutter 9 is pulled up by the winch 11 to a position where it does not come into contact with the natural ground, and when the gravity settling of the caisson 2 is stopped, the main cutter 9A is excavated again, and this process is repeated to lay the caisson 2.

(2) When the ground is hard (no press-fitting device) When the ground is hard due to the sand layer, gravel layer, etc., the caisson 2 will not sink due to its own weight. Further, even if the main cutter 9A excavates the inner peripheral side of the inner surface of the caisson 2, the caisson 2 may not sink due to its own weight. In such a case, first, the main cutter 9A excavates the ground on the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the lower part of the caisson 2 (see the lower part of FIG. 19), and then pulls back the excavation cutter 9 to the front position to expand the diameter expansion jack 15 By expanding the diametrical expansion cutter 9B a little to expand the caisson blade 2a lower part (see the lower part of FIG. 20 and FIG. 21), and further expand the diametrical expansion cutter 9B when the weight does not sink (FIG. 22).
(See the lower part of FIG. 24), the above operation is repeated until the weight is sunk. As described above, since the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B is continuously excavated in the depth direction in the diameter-enlarged state, it is possible to excavate more efficiently than in the conventional intermittent excavation method and to form an annular groove. Since the blade resistance of the caisson 2 is reduced, the blade resistance can be appropriately controlled. Also, if the speed of the caisson 2 due to its own weight settling becomes extremely high, the expansion jack 15 will contract at a high speed, and the expansion jack 15 may be damaged without being able to follow, but as described above, the expansion cutter 9B The blade resistance of the caisson 2 is gradually reduced by gradually excavating the caisson 2 and by continuously excavating in the depth direction with the diameter expansion cutter 9B expanded, and the caulson 2's own weight sinking speed does not become too large. .

When the above-mentioned work is carried out as an initial step and the diameter-expanding position of the diameter-expanding cutter 9B necessary for causing the caisson 2 to sink by gravity is determined, in the subsequent excavation, the torque of the excavating cutter 9 is sufficient. In some cases, the diameter-expanding cutter 9B is expanded at a time to the vicinity of the diameter-expanding position required for the weight of the caisson 2 to sink, and the diameter-expanding excavation is performed. On the other hand, excavator cutter 9
When the diameter of the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B cannot be excavated at a time due to the small torque, first, with the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B fully contracted, excavate the ground on the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the lower part of the caisson 2 with the main cutter 9A. After the excavation, the excavation cutter 9 is pulled back to the front position, and then the diameter expansion cutter 9B is expanded at a time to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position required for the gravity weight subsidence of the caisson 2 for diameter expansion drilling. In these cases, as the caisson 2 moves downward, the sinking resistance of the caisson 2 tends to increase. Therefore, even if the caisson 2 is expanded to the vicinity of the expanded position and excavated, the caisson 2 may not sink due to its own weight. . In this case, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is further expanded and excavated to sink the caisson 2 by its own weight. In this way, not only is the diameter-expanding cutter 9B continuously expanded in the depth direction while the diameter-expanding cutter 9B is expanded, but the diameter-expansion cutter 9B is moved to the vicinity of the diameter-expansion position required for the weight sinking of the caisson 2 at once or several times. Since it is divided into two parts and expanded for diameter expansion,
It is possible to excavate more efficiently. Further, by continuously excavating in the depth direction with the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B in the diameter-enlarged state, the blade opening resistance of the caisson 2 can be appropriately controlled as in the initial step. In addition, until the caisson 2 sinks by its own weight, the caisson 2 sinks by its own weight by excavating the causson 2 by the diameter expanding cutter 9B to the vicinity of the diameter expanding position required for its own weight settlement determined in the initial process. The blade edge resistance is reduced and the caulson 2's own weight sinking speed does not increase very much.

If the caisson 2 does not sink even after excavation with the diameter-enlarging cutter 9B fully opened (see the lower part of FIG. 25), the excavation cutter 9 is retracted to a safe place, and the caisson blade 2a has an outer corner portion. More Water Jet 34
Is sprayed to scour the lower part of the caisson blade 2a, and the caisson 2 is sunk by its own weight.

In the excavation of (1) and (2) above, the driver pushes the caisson 2 by sinking while excavating below the caisson 2. In this case, the driver excavates the excavation cutter 9 and the caisson. Excavation is performed while looking at the CRT screen displaying the positional relationship with the blade 2a. This allows the driver to grasp the positions of the main cutter 9A and the diameter-expanding cutter 9B and the caisson blade 2a, and to excavate safely and efficiently.

According to the vertical shaft excavating method of the present embodiment as described above, since the diameter expanding cutter 9B is expanded continuously in the depth direction, it is more efficient than the conventional intermittent excavation method. You can drill well.

Further, since the diameter expanding cutter 9B is continuously expanded in the depth direction without forming an annular groove with the diameter expanded cutter 9B, the fluctuation of the blade opening resistance of the caisson 2 is reduced and the blade opening resistance is reduced. It can be controlled appropriately. Further, in the initial step, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is gradually expanded in diameter and continuously excavated in the depth direction, so that in the subsequent steps, the diameter expansion cutter is expanded to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position required for gravity weight settlement determined in the initial step. By expanding the diameter of 9B and continuously excavating it in the depth direction, the blade edge resistance is reduced until the caisson 2 can sink by its own weight. Therefore, the weight sinking speed of the caisson 2 does not increase so much and the diameter of the expanding jack 15 increases. The contraction speed does not increase, and the diameter expansion jack 15 is not damaged.

Further, in the excavation after determining the diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter 9B necessary for causing the caisson 2 to sink by gravity in the initial step, when the torque of the excavation cutter 9 is sufficient, the diameter expansion cutter is used. 9B is expanded at a time to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position required for the gravity settling of the caisson 2, and the diameter of the excavation cutter 9 is small so that the diameter of the expansion cutter 9B cannot be excavated at a time. After excavating the ground on the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the lower part of the caisson 2 with 9A, the diameter expansion cutter 9B is expanded at a time to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position necessary for the weight reduction of the caisson 2, and the diameter expansion drilling is performed more efficiently. Can be drilled.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the cutter rotation drive device is installed on the ground. In the figure, the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 31, a cutter rotation driving device 17A is installed on the ground-based yagura 51, and the cutter rotation driving device 17A does not descend as the caisson blade 2a descends. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to grasp the positional relationship between the excavating cutter 9 and the blade opening 2a, the X dimension is measured by a stroke gauge (not shown), and the caisson 2 and the excavating cutter 9 installed vertically. The relative position with a part of the constituent part of is detected. The Z dimension may be measured instead of the X dimension.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, a cutter rotation driving device is installed between the upper surface of the caisson and the caisson blade. In the figure, the same members as those shown in FIG.
The description is omitted.

In FIG. 32, a cutter rotation driving device 17B is installed at a step P between the upper surface of the caisson 2 and the caisson blade 2a, and the cutter rotation driving device 17B descends along with the caisson blade 2a according to excavation. In this embodiment, since the caisson 2 is not assembled between the cutter rotation driving device 17B and the caisson blade 2a, and it is not necessary to add the drill pipe 6, the cutter rotation driving device 17B and the caisson blade 2a. It is not necessary to manually input the number of caisson 2 to be constructed and the number of drill pipes 6 since the relative position of is not changed. In the present embodiment, the y dimension is measured by a stroke gauge (not shown), so that the excavating cutter 9 and the caisson blade 2a are measured.
Grasp the positional relationship with.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, a press-fitting device is installed between the caisson blade and the ground surface. In the figure, the same members as those shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

In FIG. 33, a press-fitting device 71 is installed between the caisson blade 2a and the ground surface, and the caisson 2A previously divided between the press-fitting device 71 and the ground surface is assembled. A partition wall 80 is installed above the caisson blade 2a, and the tower 16 is built on this partition wall 80. In the present embodiment, the caisson 2 is not assembled between the press-fitting device 71 and the caisson blade 2a, and the drill pipe 6
It is not necessary to manually input the number of caisson 2 to be built and the number of drill pipes 6 because it is not necessary to reconnect, and by measuring the w dimension with a stroke gauge (not shown), the excavating cutter 9 and caisson blade 2a
Grasp the positional relationship with.

[0089]

According to the present invention, the excavating cutter is rotated in a state where the diameter expanding cutter is at least partially expanded so as to continuously excavate downward. Can be installed efficiently while properly controlling. Even if the blade of the shaft construction sinks, the sinking distance is small and the sinking speed is small.
Furthermore, when press fitting the shaft construction with the press fitting device,
The sinking of the blade can be controlled.

Even if the blade opening of the shaft construction sinks, the diameter expanding cutter will not be caught between the ground and the blade opening, and the diameter expanding cutter will not be damaged.

Further, the positional relationship between the excavation cutter and the blade of the shaft construction can be properly grasped, and the construction can be carried out safely and efficiently.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall vertical sectional view of a construction including a shaft excavator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a cutter portion of the cutter device shown in FIG.

5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the upper part of the vertical shaft of FIG. 1.

7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a side view of FIG. 7;

9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a hydraulic circuit diagram for operating the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG.

11 is a system configuration diagram for displaying a positional relationship between the excavating cutter and the caisson blade shown in FIG. 1. FIG.

12 is a diagram showing an example of a display of the CRT screen shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is not used.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is not used.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is not used.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is not used.

FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is not used.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is not used.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

20 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter-expanding cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

22 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter expansion cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

23 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter-expanding cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter-expanding cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of a propulsion process when the diameter-expanding cutter shown in FIG. 1 is used.

FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of countermeasures against the gravity weight settlement of the caisson shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 27 is a view showing an excavating cutter of a vertical shaft excavator according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a view showing a cutter guide of a shaft excavator according to another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

29 is a sectional view taken along line XXIX-XXIX in FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is an overall vertical sectional view of a construction including a shaft excavator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is an overall vertical sectional view of a construction including a shaft excavator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is an overall construction vertical cross-sectional view including a vertical shaft excavator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is an overall construction vertical cross-sectional view including a vertical shaft excavator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Caisson (vertical structure) 2a Blade 4 Press-fitting device 9 Excavation cutter 9A Main cutter 9B Expanding cutter 15 Expanding jack (stroke meter) 19 Stroke meter 41 PC 42 CRT

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (71) Applicant 000005522 Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. 2-6 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (71) Applicant 000201478 Maeda Construction Co., Ltd. 2-10 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo No. 26 (72) Inventor Koji Matsumoto 5-29-25 Oizumi Gakuencho, Nerima-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Muneo Yoshimura 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72 ) Inventor Hideki Hagiwara 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tetsuji Sonoda 2-5-8 Kita-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo In-house company (72) Inventor Tanaka Takeshi Tokyo Minato-ku, Kita-Aoyama 2-5-8 Stock company Intra-company group (72) Inventor Kiyoshi Tsuchiya 650 Kandamachi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Tsuchiura factory (72) Inventor Yasushi Ishikawa Akira 650 Jinrachicho, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture Tsuchiura Plant, Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Shuichi Amihiro 650 Kintatecho, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Tsuchiura Plant, Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuhiro Yoshioka Ibaraki 650 Kazunachi-cho, Tsuchiura City, Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. Inside the Tsuchiura Plant (72) Inventor Rio Iijima 2-6-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hiritchi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Norio Furumura Tokyo 2-6 Otemachi 2-6 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Nitto Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shigeki Kitagawa 2--10, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Maeda Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A vertical shaft structure that reduces the cutting edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure by excavating the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the vertical shaft structure and the lower side of the vertical shaft edge of the vertical shaft structure using an excavating cutter having a main cutter and a diameter expansion cutter. (A) at least partially expanding the diameter-enlarging cutter so that it can excavate under the blade mouth of the shaft construction; and (b) expanding the diameter-enlarging cutter. Rotating the excavating cutter in a state to excavate a predetermined stroke downward, and a vertical shaft excavating method. 2. A vertical shaft structure that reduces the cutting edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure by excavating the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the vertical shaft structure and the lower side of the vertical shaft edge of the vertical shaft structure by using an excavating cutter having a main cutter and a diameter expansion cutter. (A) rotating the excavating cutter in a state in which the diameter-enlarging cutter is reduced in diameter toward the inner circumference side of the main cutter, and performing a predetermined stroke excavation downward by the main cutter. First to do
A step; (b) a second step of pulling up the excavating cutter to the vicinity of the position before excavation; (c) a third step of partially expanding the diameter expanding cutter; (d) a diameter expanding cutter. A fourth step of rotating the excavating cutter in a diameter-expanded state to excavate a predetermined stroke downward; (e) a fifth step of repeating the second to fourth steps until the vertical shaft structure sinks by its own weight A shaft excavating method, comprising: 3. The shaft excavating method according to claim 2,
The first to fifth steps are carried out as an initial step of determining the diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter necessary for causing the vertical shaft construction to sink by gravity, and thereafter, the diameter expansion cutter is moved to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position at a time. Alternatively, the diameter is expanded in several times and the
A shaft excavating method characterized by carrying out a process. 4. A vertical shaft structure for reducing the blade edge resistance of the vertical shaft structure by excavating the inner peripheral side of the vertical shaft structure and the lower side of the vertical shaft edge of the vertical shaft structure using an excavating cutter having a main cutter and a diameter expansion cutter. In a vertical shaft excavating method of press-fitting by using a press-fitting device, (a) the excavating cutter is rotated in a state where the diameter-enlarging cutter is reduced in diameter toward the inner peripheral side of the main cutter, and the main cutter cuts a predetermined amount downward Stroke drilling first
And (b) a second step of pulling up the excavating cutter to a position before excavation; (c) a third step of applying a pressure input to the blade opening at the lower end of the vertical shaft structure by the press-fitting device; (d) When the blade opening at the lower end of the vertical shaft construction cannot be press-fitted in the third step, a fourth step of partially expanding the diameter expanding cutter; and (e) the excavation tool with the diameter expanding cutter expanded. Having a fifth step of excavating a predetermined stroke downward by rotating the cutter; and (f) a sixth step of repeating the second to fifth steps until the vertical shaft structure can be press-fitted by the press-fitting device. A shaft excavation method characterized by. 5. The shaft excavating method according to claim 4,
The first to sixth steps are carried out as an initial step of determining a diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter necessary for press-fitting the shaft construction with a press-fitting device, and thereafter, the diameter expansion cutter is moved to the vicinity of the diameter expansion position. A shaft excavating method, characterized in that the diameter is expanded at one time or several times and the fifth step and the third step are carried out. 6. The shaft excavating method according to claim 4,
When performing the second step in the sixth step, the vertical shaft excavating method is characterized in that before and after pulling up the excavating cutter, the diameter expansion cutter is reduced in diameter from the inner surface of the vertical shaft structure to the inner peripheral side. 7. An excavation cutter having a main cutter for excavating an inner peripheral side of an inner surface of a vertical shaft structure and a diameter-expanding cutter rotatably installed on the main cutter for excavating a lower side of a shaft hole of a vertical shaft structure. In the vertical shaft excavator, the center of rotation of the diameter expansion cutter is located on the inner peripheral side from the inner surface of the vertical shaft construction, and the cutter shape of the diameter expansion cutter has a distance from the rotation center of the diameter expansion cutter to the cutter blade edge. A shaft excavator having a shape that is substantially equal over the entire circumference in the rotation direction or becomes smaller from the inner circumference side to the outer circumference side in the rotation direction. 8. The shaft excavator according to claim 7, further comprising a sensor for detecting a diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter. 9. The shaft excavator according to claim 7, further comprising a sensor for detecting a vertical position of the cutter for excavation with respect to a blade opening of the shaft construction. 10. The shaft excavator according to claim 7,
A shaft excavator, comprising: a sensor for detecting a diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter; and a sensor for detecting a vertical position of the excavation cutter with respect to a blade opening of the shaft construction. 11. The shaft excavator according to claim 7,
A sensor for detecting a diameter expansion position of the diameter expansion cutter, a sensor for detecting the vertical position of the excavation cutter with respect to the blade opening of the shaft construction, and the excavation based on information from the sensor A shaft excavator, comprising: a cutter and a means for displaying a positional relationship between the blade of the shaft construction.