JPH08133970A - Blood sugar increase inhibitor and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a blood sugar increase inhibitor which is excellent as a pharmaceutical preparation or a food material because it can suppress the rise of blood sugar, when it is taken in together with sugar, and can prevent or treat obesity, hyperlipemia and diabetes caused by excessive calorie intake. CONSTITUTION: This blood sugar increase inhibitor comprises a betaine as an active ingredient or a combination of a saccharide with the betaine of an mount of 0.1-50%, preferably 1-30% can be served as a food material which can inhibit increase in blood sugar. Further, a variety of beverage and food products can be produced by using this food material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to diseases caused by hyperglycemic conditions associated with excessive intake of carbohydrates, such as obesity,
It relates to health-conscious preparations, food materials or foods and drinks for the purpose of preventing or treating hyperlipidemia, diabetes and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in Japan, as in other developed countries, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes caused by excessive intake of calories associated with satiety have been cited as problems. It is said that this disease is deeply related to other adult diseases such as heart disease, and its treatment and prevention have become very important issues. A method of solving this while satisfying the conventional taste is required,
The current situation is that a wide variety of research is being conducted.

As one of the preventive or therapeutic measures against these, it is considered to reduce the supply of calorie source.
In this regard, low-calorie sweeteners have been developed to replace sugar sources such as sucrose, which is one of the main calorie sources. They have a sweetness similar to that of sucrose and have a much lower calorie content, or they have a sweetness stronger than that of sucrose and thus can be consumed in a small amount because they can be used in a small amount. Erythritol, aspartame, etc. have been proposed as examples of this. However, these low-calorie sweeteners and synthetic sweeteners have not been widely used in foods because of their palatability, physicochemical properties, intake restrictions, and the like.

On the other hand, attempts have also been made to prevent or treat the above-mentioned diseases caused by excessive elevation of blood sugar level by suppressing absorption of sugar after ingestion from the digestive tract. In addition, it has been clarified that there is a component that suppresses the absorption of sugars in foods derived from plants and animals that are generally eaten by humans. Gymnema acid in Gymnema sylvestre (Ueno Manabu, Monthly Food Chemical, 1993-12, pp. 21-26), L-
Monosaccharides such as arabinose and D-xylose
-65080), black substance in brown sugar (Kimura, Onanami, Okuda et al., Pharmaceutical Journal, Vol. 102, pp. 666-66).
9, 1982), water-soluble dietary fiber (Oku Tsune, dietary fiber, Innan, Kiriyama ed., Daiichi Shuppan, pp.186-193.
1982). Various mechanisms have been suggested in these documents as to the mechanism by which substances such as gymnemic acid inhibit or delay sugar absorption.

Further, Okuda et al. Have shown that betaine compounds contained in squid and octopus have a function of suppressing glucose uptake into the intestinal tract in an in vitro test using an intestinal vesicle suspension prepared from the jejunum of a rat. (Takudo Okuda, Food Industry, 1993-7.30, pp.
18-26).

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have investigated, among various naturally occurring components, a substance having an effect of suppressing an increase in blood glucose level after sugar loading, and inhibiting or delaying the sugar absorption thereof. The effect was studied in detail using experimental animals. As a result, the betaine contained in sugar beet was surprisingly in
It was found that there is a remarkable inhibitory effect on blood sugar level elevation in vivo, and the present invention has been completed.

The betaine used in the present invention is, for example, purified from sugar beet, is glycine completely N-methylated, and is represented by the following formula.

[0008]

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The betaine used in the present invention is a substance widely existing in the animal and plant kingdoms, and in animals, it is often found in marine products such as shrimp, crab, octopus, and squid, and in plants, it is often found in malt, mushrooms, fruits and rhizomes, especially the rhizome family. It is known to be included. As a raw material, it is separated and refined from beet (sugar radish). Betaine becomes a harmless amino acid glycine through dimethylglycine and methylglycine after absorption. The oral subacute toxicity is extremely low with an LD ₅₀ = 18.7 g / kg, and it is substantially harmless. As a food material, it is used as a natural seasoning for processed foods mainly made of marine products from the viewpoint of unique sweetness and umami. As a feed additive, it is widely used in the world as a substitute for choline, which has a growth promoting effect and a lipid metabolism / normal liver function normalizing effect.

The blood sugar level elevation inhibitor of the present invention containing betaine as an active ingredient may be a powder of betaine powder, but it may be mixed with a binder, citric acid, lemon flavor or the like for easy drinking, You should lock it. It is advisable to take this powder or tablet after eating sugar such as during or after eating.

In addition, it is generally preferable to mix betaine with a sugar such as sugar, glucose, or liquid sugar in the food material for functional sugar food for suppressing blood sugar level increase of the present invention. The mixing ratio of betaine is 0.1 to 50% of the sugar, preferably 1 to 30%, more preferably 3 to 20%, further preferably 5 to 18%.

The functional sugar food material for suppressing blood sugar level elevation of the present invention is delicious rather than sugar alone, and can be used as it is as a sweetener for coffee, tea, etc., and can be used for processing various foods. Or, it can be used for cooking and can sufficiently fulfill the purpose of imparting sweetness and can suppress an increase in blood glucose level. The food material of the present invention can be used in any orally ingestible form. Even if it is used as a crystal, it can be used together with other foods, vitamins and other nutrients, flavors and the like. Examples of use include powders, crystalline products, instant powders, tablets, granules, carbonated tablets, pastes, gums and the like.

Next, test examples and experimental examples of the present invention will be shown.

[0014]

【Example】

[0015]

Test Example 1 The sugar absorption inhibitory effect of betaine was examined by the method of glucose tolerance test using rats. At the same time, we also compared pectin and Gymnema, which are said to have a sugar absorption inhibitory effect. 32 10-week-old male Wistar rats were preliminarily bred for 1 week with the basic diet shown in Table 1 below and used for the test. After fasting for 24 hours, the animals were fasted for 24 hours, 8 animals were divided into 4 groups, and a 20% glucose solution was used as a sugar solution.

[0016]

[Table 1]

[0017]

[Table 2]

Each of the above administration solutions was orally administered in an amount of 1.25 mL / 100 g body weight, and blood was collected from the tail vein at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and 10,000 r.p.m. p. m. The serum was taken out by centrifugation for 5 minutes, and the serum glucose concentration (hereinafter referred to as “blood glucose level”) was analyzed by the glucose oxidase method. Further, the blood glucose level rising area showing the total blood glucose level rising amount from 0 to 120 minutes was calculated from the time-dependent change in blood glucose level.

The blood glucose level rising area is defined by a line between the broken line of blood glucose level change in the case where the blood glucose level changes over time and a straight line parallel to the time axis passing through the point indicating the blood glucose level at the start of the test. Refers to the area. This means the total increase in blood glucose level during the test period (unit: mg / dL / 120 min). FIG. 1 shows a graph of changes in blood glucose levels over time for the examples of the betaine-added sugar solution group. The area of the shaded area in FIG. 1 is the area of increased blood glucose level.

The same test as above was carried out for each administration solution in Table 1 using a 20% sucrose solution as a sugar solution. Regarding these results, Table 3 and Table 4 show the time-dependent changes in blood glucose level and the area of increased blood glucose level when a 20% glucose solution was used as the sugar solution, and the time-dependent blood glucose levels when the 20% sucrose solution was used as the sugar solution. The changes and the areas of increased blood glucose levels are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

[0021]

[Table 3]

[0022]

[Table 4]

[0023]

[Table 5]

[0024]

[Table 6]

As shown in Table 3, the glucose absorption was obviously suppressed by the administration of betaine, and the blood sugar level of the betaine-added sugar solution group remained lower than that of the basic sugar solution group after 15 minutes. On the other hand, the blood sugar level of the pectin and Gymnema-added group, which was conventionally said to have an effect of suppressing sugar absorption, was lower than that of the basic sugar solution group at 15 minutes, but then increased at 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Was higher than that of the basic sugar solution group. As shown in the blood glucose level rising area in Table 4,
The betaine addition group had a lower value than the basic sugar solution group. Pectin and Gymnema showed almost the same values as those of the basic molasses group. Further, as shown in Tables 5 and 6, this phenomenon was also observed when 20% sucrose was used as the sugar solution.

From these, betaine suppresses sugar absorption, and the effects of pectin and Gymnema, which are said to be effective in the past, delay sugar absorption, whereas the effects of betaine increase sugar absorption. It turned out to be a reduction.

[0027]

[Test Example 2] [Glucose tolerance test] A glucose tolerance test was conducted using 8 males (20 to 30 years old) as subjects. The test subjects allowed only drinking water from the evening before the test and fasted overnight. Divided into two groups of 4 people each, 500 mL, 16% glucose solution (8
Corresponds to 0 g glucose. Oral ingestion of 500 ml of standard sugar solution to which 1% of betaine was added (corresponding to 80 g of glucose plus 5 g of betaine; hereinafter referred to as betaine-containing sugar solution) to each group of subjects. And 0, 30, 60 after ingestion
At 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, blood was collected from the median dermal vein of the upper limb and transferred to a centrifuge tube, and immediately 3,000 r.p.m. p.
m. After centrifugation for 10 minutes, the serum was taken out and the blood glucose level was measured by the glucose oxidase method. Regarding this result, Table 7 shows the time-dependent changes in blood glucose level.

[0028]

[Table 7]

As shown in Table 7, the increase in blood glucose level due to the administration of the sugar solution was suppressed by the addition of betaine, and the blood glucose level of the betaine added sugar solution group was lower than that of the reference sugar solution group from the 30th minute until the end of the test. Blood sugar level was maintained. From these results, it was revealed that betaine also suppresses sugar absorption in humans.

[0030]

[Test Example 3] [Effect of suppressing body weight increase in rat] SD rat 2 of 5 weeks old
0 was used. After preliminarily breeding with a basic feed based on the AIN76 composition for 1 week, 10 animals per group were divided into 2 groups, and the basic feed or a feed containing 2% betaine added thereto was freely taken. Body weights were measured 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days after the start of administration, the amount of increase from the initial body weight was obtained, and the average value was calculated for each group. The feed intake was also measured at the same time. On day 56, the rat was dissected under anesthesia, and the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, and perirenal adipose tissue were taken out and subjected to weight analysis. Liver was also analyzed for total lipid content according to the method of Folch et al. Table 8 shows weight gain and feed intake, and Table 9 shows liver, epididymal adipose tissue, perirenal adipose tissue and total liver lipid content.

[0031]

[Table 8]

[0032]

[Table 9]

During the test period, no abnormality was observed in the general health condition and behavior of the experimental animals, and there were no deaths. As shown in Table 8, in the betaine-added feed group, the weight gain was less than that in the basic feed group. Liver as shown in Table 9,
The epididymal adipose tissue and perirenal adipose tissue weights also tended to be lower in the betaine-added diet group. The total lipid content of the liver also showed a significantly low value. No significant difference was observed in the intake throughout the test period.

[0034]

Example 1 Three eggs were whipped with a hand mixer. 120 g of sugar, 10 g of betaine, a few drops of vanilla extract, and 3 tablespoons of milk were added and mixed gently. 120g of flour
Add lightly, pour into a cake mold and pour in an oven for 150
Baked at 35 ° C for 35 minutes.

[0035]

Example 2 Tablet A tablet was prepared by mixing the compositions shown in Table 10 and molding the mixture under pressure.

[0036]

[Table 10]

[0037]

Industrial Applicability As described above, the blood sugar level increase inhibitor and the blood sugar level increase suppression functional sugar food material of the present invention can suppress the blood sugar level increase by simultaneous ingestion with sugar. It is excellent as a preparation and a food material having an effect of preventing and treating obesity, hyperlipidemia and diabetes caused by ingestion.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a time-dependent graph of blood glucose levels for a betaine-added sugar solution group.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A blood sugar level elevation inhibitor containing betaine as an active ingredient. 2. Carbohydrate and 0.1 to 50%, preferably 1
A functional sugar food material for suppressing an increase in blood sugar level, which comprises ~ 30% betaine as an active ingredient. 3. Carbohydrate and 0.1 to 50%, preferably 1
A food or drink that is functionalized or cooked using ~ 30% betaine as an active ingredient, and is capable of suppressing an increase in blood sugar level.