JPH08100274A - Antibacterial and mildewproofing enamel, its production and product - Google Patents
Antibacterial and mildewproofing enamel, its production and productInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08100274A JPH08100274A JP23910194A JP23910194A JPH08100274A JP H08100274 A JPH08100274 A JP H08100274A JP 23910194 A JP23910194 A JP 23910194A JP 23910194 A JP23910194 A JP 23910194A JP H08100274 A JPH08100274 A JP H08100274A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- enamel
- silver
- antibacterial
- mixed
- fungicidal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0015—Noble metal or copper compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/67—Biocides
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、抗菌防カビ性を有する
琺瑯とこの琺瑯製品及びその製造方法に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an enamel having antibacterial and antifungal properties, the enamel product and a method for producing the enamel.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、金属板などに抗菌防かび処理を施
すものとしては、特開平５−３０９３２８号に示される
ように抗菌剤粒子と防汚剤を添加混合した塗膜樹脂を鋼
板表面に塗装するようにしたものや特開平６−６５０１
２号に示されるように基板を金属イオンを含有した酸化
チタン膜で被覆するようにした抗菌防カビ性セラミック
スに関するものなどがあった。しかし、金属の上にガラ
ス質の被覆をかけ密着させた琺瑯に対して抗菌性や防か
び性を付加したものはなかった。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method for subjecting a metal plate or the like to antibacterial and antifungal treatment, as shown in JP-A-5-309328, a coating resin containing antibacterial agent particles and an antifouling agent added and mixed on the surface of a steel sheet. Painted or Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-501
As shown in No. 2, there is an antibacterial and antifungal ceramics in which a substrate is coated with a titanium oxide film containing metal ions. However, none of the enamel, which has a glassy coating on a metal and is adhered thereto, has antibacterial and antifungal properties.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】琺瑯は、他の素材に比
べ汚れがつきにくく清潔性に特徴を有しているため抗菌
性や防カビ性については、特に配慮されていなかった。
しかしながら、このような特徴から浴室や厨房などの水
廻りに浴槽やシンク、あるいは壁面材などとして多用さ
れているため手入れを怠ると、琺瑯の表面に人の垢や水
垢、埃、汚れなどの有機物が付着固化する場合があり、
衛生面において問題を生じる虞れがあった。またこのよ
うに有機物が付着固化すると、高温、多湿な使用環境と
あいまって固形物にカビが生じる虞れもあった。Since enamel is less likely to become dirty than other materials and has a characteristic of cleanliness, no particular consideration has been given to antibacterial properties and fungicidal properties.
However, due to these features, it is often used as a bathtub, sink, or wall material around water in bathrooms and kitchens, etc., and if neglected, the surface of the enamel will be stained with human dust, water scale, dust, dirt, and other organic substances. May adhere and solidify,
There was a risk of causing problems in hygiene. Further, when the organic matter is adhered and solidified in this manner, there is a possibility that the solid matter may become moldy due to the high temperature and high humidity use environment.
【０００４】本発明は、上記従来の琺瑯に発生していた
問題点の解決を課題とする。An object of the present invention is to solve the problems that have occurred in the conventional enamel.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明では、上記の課題
を解決するために含銀釉薬を用いて琺瑯の焼成を行い琺
瑯のガラス質中に銀を混入させるか、あるいは琺瑯を焼
成した後、さらにその表面に含銀物質を塗布焼成するこ
とにより、琺瑯表面に形成されるガラス質層中に銀を混
入させることとした。In the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, enamel is fired by using a silver-containing glaze, and silver is mixed into the glass of the enamel, or after enamel is fired. Then, silver was added to the vitreous layer formed on the enamel surface by coating and baking a silver-containing substance on the surface.
【０００６】そして、上記のように表面のガラス質に銀
が混入した琺瑯を用いて洗面化粧台や流し台などのシン
クあるいは浴槽や壁面パネルなどの水廻りに多用される
琺瑯製品を形成した。As described above, enamel products which are frequently used in sinks such as vanities and sinks, or baths and wall panels are used by using enamel in which silver is mixed in the glassy surface.
【０００７】上記含銀釉薬としては、ミル添加物として
表面に銀被膜を形成した珪石や、リチウム長石を主成分
とする長石に酸化セリウムまたは酸化ネオジウムと共に
硝酸銀溶液を混入し、乾燥焼結したものを用いることと
した。Examples of the above-mentioned silver-containing glaze include silica stone having a silver coating formed on the surface as a mill additive, and feldspar containing lithium feldspar as a main component, mixed with silver nitrate solution together with cerium oxide or neodymium oxide, and dried and sintered. Was decided to be used.
【０００８】また琺瑯上に塗布する含銀物質としては、
含銀液、銀ラスター液の他、銀塩またはクロム塩が混入
したほう珪酸ガラスを主成分として製造された釉薬を用
いることとした。Further, as a silver-containing substance to be coated on the enamel,
In addition to the silver-containing solution and the silver raster solution, a glaze produced by using borosilicate glass mixed with a silver salt or a chromium salt as a main component is used.
【０００９】[0009]
【作用】琺瑯中に混入し、あるいは琺瑯の表面に塗布焼
成された銀は、温度や湿度の影響をうけて銀イオンをそ
の表面に選択的に溶出し、溶出した銀イオンは、オリゴ
ナジミー効果により菌の繁殖やカビの発生を防止するよ
うに作用する。[Function] Silver mixed in enamel or coated and baked on the surface of the enamel selectively dissolves silver ions on the surface under the influence of temperature and humidity, and the eluted silver ions are produced by the oligonagymy effect. It acts to prevent the growth of fungi and the growth of mold.
【００１０】銀塩またはクロム塩が混入したほう珪酸ガ
ラスは、ほう酸異常による分相効果により分相成分を温
度や湿度の影響で選択的に溶出し、これに含まれている
銀の網目構造を破壊し、銀をイオン化させるように作用
する。Borosilicate glass mixed with a silver salt or a chromium salt selectively elutes the phase-separating component under the influence of temperature and humidity due to the phase-separating effect due to the abnormality of boric acid, and the network structure of silver contained in this component is formed. It acts to destroy and ionize silver.
【００１１】ミル添加物中に混入された酸化セリウムや
酸化ネオジウムは、光を触媒として励起され、混入され
ている銀を活性、イオン化するように作用する。Cerium oxide and neodymium oxide mixed in the mill additive are excited by light as a catalyst, and act to activate and ionize the mixed silver.
【００１２】[0012]
【実施例】以下、実施例に基づき本発明を詳細に説明す
る。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples.
【００１３】実施例１ まず珪石の表面に湿式コーティング法（例えば有機化塩
の含銀溶液中に浸漬する）あるいは乾式コーティング法
（例えば銀を加熱蒸着する）で銀被膜を形成する。次
に、この珪石をフリット（長石、ホウ砂などの原料を溶
解してガラス化した後水中に投じて急冷したもの）に、
ミル添加物として他の添加物と共に加え、これをミルで
粉砕し、濃度とＰＨを適当にした懸濁液として、琺瑯の
釉薬を製造した。なおこの時、上述した珪石を予め製造
された釉薬のスリップ（懸濁液）中に後入れ混合しても
良く、この場合は、珪石の琺瑯釉薬への溶け込みがさら
に抑制されることとなり、銀がイオン化されやすい状態
で保持されることとなる。Example 1 First, a silver coating is formed on the surface of silica stone by a wet coating method (for example, immersing in a silver-containing solution of an organic salt) or a dry coating method (for example, silver is vapor-deposited by heating). Next, this silica stone is made into a frit (which is made by melting raw materials such as feldspar and borax, vitrifying them, and then pouring them into water to quench them),
An enamel glaze was prepared as a mill additive along with other additives and milled in a mill to give a suspension of appropriate concentration and PH. At this time, the above-mentioned silica stone may be post-mixed in a slip (suspension) of the glaze previously manufactured, and in this case, the dissolution of the silica stone into the enamel glaze will be further suppressed, and the silver will be suppressed. Will be held in a state of being easily ionized.
【００１４】このようにして製造された釉薬を素地とな
る金属板の表面に塗布し、通常の琺瑯と同様に８００〜
９００℃で焼成することにより抗菌性並びに防カビ性を
有する琺瑯を形成した。The glaze produced in this manner is applied to the surface of a metal plate which is a base material, and the glaze is applied at 800 to 800 in the same manner as ordinary enamel.
By baking at 900 ° C., an enamel having antibacterial and antifungal properties was formed.
【００１５】このようにして形成された琺瑯は、琺瑯の
内部で不均一相をとる珪石から銀イオンが温度や湿度の
影響を受けて選択的に琺瑯のガラス表面に溶出する。よ
ってこの銀イオンのオリゴナジミー効果により、抗菌防
カビ効果が得られた。In the enamel thus formed, silver ions are selectively eluted from the silica stone, which has a heterogeneous phase inside the enamel, on the glass surface of the enamel under the influence of temperature and humidity. Therefore, the antibacterial and antifungal effect was obtained by the oligonagymy effect of this silver ion.
【００１６】実施例２ 予め焼成された琺瑯の表面に銀ラスター液、あるいは含
銀溶液を塗布し、これを焼成することにより、琺瑯の表
面に含銀物質の塗布焼成層を形成することとした。Example 2 A silver raster solution or a silver-containing solution was applied to the surface of pre-baked enamel, and this was baked to form a coating and baking layer of a silver-containing substance on the surface of the enamel. .
【００１７】この場合も上記実施例と同様に銀イオンが
温度や湿度の影響を受けて選択的に表面に溶出するの
で、この銀イオンのオリゴナジミー効果により、抗菌防
カビ効果が得られた。In this case as well, since silver ions are selectively eluted on the surface under the influence of temperature and humidity as in the case of the above-mentioned embodiment, an antibacterial and antifungal effect was obtained due to the oligonagymy effect of this silver ion.
【００１８】実施例３ 銀塩またはクロム塩がガラス組成に導入されたほう珪酸
ガラスを微粉砕する。そして、これをスリップに加えて
釉薬を製造し、この釉薬を高耐食性琺瑯の表面に薄く塗
布した後、通常の琺瑯と同様に８００〜９００℃で焼成
した。Example 3 A borosilicate glass in which a silver salt or a chromium salt is incorporated into a glass composition is pulverized. Then, this was added to a slip to produce a glaze, and this glaze was thinly applied to the surface of a high-corrosion-resistant enamel, and then baked at 800 to 900 ° C. in the same manner as a normal enamel.
【００１９】このようにして形成された抗菌防カビ琺瑯
では、表面に焼成されたほう珪酸ガラスのほう酸異常に
よる分相効果により、分相成分が温度や湿度の影響を受
けて、選択的に溶け出すので、これに含まれている銀の
網目構造も破壊されることとなる。よって、分相状態で
混入している銀はイオン化し、この銀イオンのオリゴナ
ジミー効果により抗菌防カビ能力が発揮される。In the antibacterial, mildew-proof, and enamel thus formed, the phase-separating component is selectively melted under the influence of temperature and humidity due to the phase-separating effect due to the abnormality of boric acid in the borosilicate glass fired on the surface. As a result, the silver mesh structure contained in this will also be destroyed. Therefore, the silver mixed in the phase-separated state is ionized, and the antibacterial and antifungal ability is exhibited by the oligonagymy effect of this silver ion.
【００２０】またこの抗菌防カビ琺瑯では、琺瑯層上に
溶け出した分相ガラスを払拭して除去することにより、
表面に固着した汚れも容易に取り除くことができ、その
手入れも一層容易に行える。In this antibacterial, mildew-proof enamel, the phase separation glass melted on the enamel layer is wiped and removed.
Dirt adhering to the surface can be easily removed, and maintenance can be performed more easily.
【００２１】実施例４ リチウム長石を主成分とする長石に酸化セリウムまたは
酸化ネオジウムを混合し、これに硝酸銀溶液を加え、乾
燥焼結の上、粉砕する。そして、これをミル添加物に加
え、フリットと共にミルで粉砕して微粉とし、この微粉
を濃度とＰＨの調節をはかった懸濁液として釉薬を製造
した。そして、この釉薬を素地となる金属板上に塗布し
た後、通常の琺瑯と同様に８００〜９００℃で焼成し
た。Example 4 Cerium oxide or neodymium oxide is mixed with feldspar containing lithium feldspar as a main component, a silver nitrate solution is added thereto, and the mixture is dried and sintered and then pulverized. Then, this was added to a mill additive and ground with a frit in a mill to obtain fine powder, and the fine powder was produced as a suspension in which the concentration and PH were adjusted, to prepare a glaze. Then, after applying this glaze onto a metal plate which is a base material, it was fired at 800 to 900 ° C. like ordinary enamel.
【００２２】この場合は、酸化セリウムまたは酸化ネオ
ジウムが光により励起され、銀を活性、イオン化するこ
とにより、表面に銀イオンが溶出するので、太陽光や電
灯などの光を受けて抗菌防カビ効果が発揮される。In this case, when cerium oxide or neodymium oxide is excited by light to activate and ionize silver, silver ions are eluted on the surface, so that light such as sunlight or electric light is received and the antibacterial and antifungal effect is obtained. Is demonstrated.
【００２３】以上のように本発明の抗菌防カビ琺瑯は、
従来の琺瑯と同様に塗布焼成により形成できるので、従
来琺瑯がその優れた特質から多用されていた洗面化粧台
や流し台などのシンクあるいは浴槽や壁面パネルなどの
琺瑯製品を容易に製造することができ、この抗菌防カビ
琺瑯で製造された琺瑯製品は、金属の丈夫さとガラスの
もつ耐食性と清潔さを兼ね備えると共に、抗菌性や防カ
ビ性も兼ね備え、特に厨房や浴室などの水廻りに利用し
た際には、衛生面での一層の向上が図られることとな
る。また表面の汚れは、払拭することにより容易に除去
できるので、その手入れも一層容易に行える。特にほう
珪酸ガラスを混入させた釉薬を用いて製造されたもので
は、温度や湿度の影響によるほう酸異常により銀イオン
と共に分相ガラスが琺瑯層上に溶けだすので、その効果
はより顕著である。As described above, the antibacterial and mildew enamel of the present invention is
Since it can be formed by coating and baking in the same way as conventional enamel, it is possible to easily manufacture enamel products such as sinks such as vanities and sinks, bathtubs and wall panels, which were often used due to its excellent characteristics. , This enamel product manufactured with antibacterial mildew enamel has both the durability of metal and the corrosion resistance and cleanliness of glass, and also has antibacterial and antifungal properties, especially when it is used around kitchen, bathroom, etc. Will further improve hygiene. Further, since the dirt on the surface can be easily removed by wiping, the maintenance can be performed more easily. In particular, in the case of using a glaze mixed with borosilicate glass, the phase separation glass is melted on the enamel layer together with silver ions due to an abnormality of boric acid due to the influence of temperature and humidity, and the effect is more remarkable.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】以上の通り、本発明の抗菌防カビ琺瑯
は、琺瑯中、あるいは琺瑯の表面層に銀が混入されてい
るので、同時に混入された他の物質の影響を受け、温度
や湿度あるいは光を要因として抗菌並びに防カビに効果
を有する銀イオンがその表面に溶出する。よって、殆ど
メインテナンスを要することなく、菌の繁殖やカビの発
生が効果的に防止できる。従って、高温多湿でカビの発
生し易い浴室や、不潔になりがちな台所などでの使用に
好適で、手入れが一層容易に行えるようになると共に、
衛生面での向上も図られることとなる。As described above, the antibacterial and fungicidal enamel of the present invention contains silver mixed in the enamel or in the surface layer of the enamel, so that it is affected by other substances mixed at the same time, and temperature and humidity are increased. Alternatively, silver ions, which have an antibacterial and antifungal effect due to light, are eluted on the surface. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the growth of fungi and the generation of mold without requiring maintenance. Therefore, it is suitable for use in bathrooms that are prone to mold formation due to high temperature and humidity, and in kitchens that tend to become unclean.
It will also improve hygiene.
【００２５】またその製造方法は、琺瑯釉薬のミル添加
物として含銀物質を混入させるか、含銀物質を直接琺瑯
上に塗布焼成するだけであるので、新たな製造設備など
を要さず、従来の琺瑯焼成設備がそのまま利用できる。
また製造工程数も単にミル添加物として含銀物質を混入
させるだけであれば、従来と殆ど変わらない。従って必
要な材料費のみの追加で琺瑯に抗菌防カビ機能を付加さ
せることができ、製造コストの上昇は最小限に抑えられ
る。さらに釉薬に混入されたり、表面に塗布焼成される
物質は、琺瑯自体の性質に影響を及ぼすものではないの
で、防汚性、耐熱性、耐蝕性などの琺瑯自体が持つ優れ
た特性を損なう虞れもないという多くの優れた効果を奏
する。Further, the manufacturing method thereof does not require a new manufacturing facility since the silver-containing substance is mixed as a mill additive of the enamel glaze or the silver-containing substance is directly applied and baked on the enamel. Conventional enamel firing equipment can be used as is.
Further, the number of manufacturing steps is almost the same as in the conventional case as long as the silver-containing substance is simply mixed in as a mill additive. Therefore, it is possible to add an antibacterial and antifungal function to the enamel by adding only the necessary material cost, and the increase in manufacturing cost can be suppressed to a minimum. Furthermore, substances that are mixed in the glaze or that are applied and baked on the surface do not affect the properties of the enamel itself, so there is a risk of impairing the excellent properties of the enamel itself, such as stain resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. It has many excellent effects such as none.
Claims (8)
状態で混入していることを特徴とする抗菌防カビ琺瑯。1. An antibacterial, fungicidal, enamel, characterized in that silver is mixed in the vitreous enamel in the form of phase separation.
たことを特徴とする抗菌防カビ琺瑯。2. An antibacterial, fungicidal, enamel, characterized in that a coating and baking layer of a silver-containing substance is formed on the surface.
特徴とする請求項２記載の抗菌防カビ琺瑯。3. The antibacterial, mildew-proof, enamel according to claim 2, wherein the silver-containing substance is borosilicate glass.
て、リチウム長石を主成分とする長石に酸化セリウムま
たは酸化ネオジウムを混合すると共に硝酸銀溶液を添加
して乾燥焼結させたものを用いたことを特徴とする抗菌
防カビ琺瑯の製造方法。4. As a mill additive for a glaze for firing enamel, a feldspar containing lithium feldspar as a main component, mixed with cerium oxide or neodymium oxide, added with a silver nitrate solution and dried and sintered is used. A method for producing an antibacterial, antifungal, enamel, which is characterized by:
て、表面に銀被膜が形成された珪石を用いたことを特徴
とする抗菌防カビ琺瑯の製造方法。5. A method for producing an antibacterial, fungicidal enamel, characterized in that silica stone having a silver coating formed on the surface thereof is used as a mill additive for a glaze for firing enamel.
ター液あるいは含銀液を塗布焼成することを特徴とする
抗菌防カビ琺瑯の製造方法。6. A method for producing an antibacterial and fungicidal enamel, which comprises applying a silver raster solution or a silver-containing solution to the surface of the baked enamel and baking it.
たはクロム塩を含有したほう珪酸ガラスを主成分とする
釉薬を塗布焼成することを特徴とする抗菌防カビ琺瑯の
製造方法。7. A method for producing an antibacterial, fungicidal enamel, which comprises applying a glaze containing borosilicate glass as a main component further containing silver salt or chromium salt to the surface of the baked enamel and baking it.
ス層が表面に形成されたことを特徴とする洗面化粧台や
流し台などのシンクあるいは浴槽や壁面パネルなどの琺
瑯製品。8. An enamel product such as a sink in a vanity or sink, or a bathtub or a wall panel, characterized in that a glass layer such as enamel in which silver is mixed in a phase-separated state is formed on the surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6239101A JP3023496B2 (en) | 1994-10-03 | 1994-10-03 | Antibacterial antifungal enamel and its production method and product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6239101A JP3023496B2 (en) | 1994-10-03 | 1994-10-03 | Antibacterial antifungal enamel and its production method and product |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08100274A true JPH08100274A (en) | 1996-04-16 |
| JP3023496B2 JP3023496B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 |
Family
ID=17039829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6239101A Expired - Fee Related JP3023496B2 (en) | 1994-10-03 | 1994-10-03 | Antibacterial antifungal enamel and its production method and product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3023496B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0921105A1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1999-06-09 | Esmaltes, S.A. | Bactericidal ceramic enamel and uses thereof |
| WO2000014029A1 (en) * | 1998-09-05 | 2000-03-16 | Dynamic Ceramic Limited | Monolithic ceramic material comprising an antimicrobial material |
| WO2000035833A1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-22 | Toto Ltd. | Sanitary earthen products |
| JP2001097741A (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2001-04-10 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Antibacterial, mildew-proofing and algae-proofing article and its production |
| JP2001220305A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2001-08-14 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Antibacterial, mildewproof and algaproof article and method for producing the same |
| US6303183B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-10-16 | Aos Holding Company | Anti-microbial porcelain enamel coating |
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| JP4177862B2 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2008-11-05 | 株式会社東芝 | Electronics |
| CN102457997A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-05-16 | 阿里斯顿热能产品(中国)有限公司 | Antibacterial resistor for heating water |
| CN102457998A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-05-16 | 阿里斯顿热能产品(中国)有限公司 | Resistor with enhanced antibacterial effect for heating water |
| KR101899238B1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-10-31 | 주식회사 동명기공 | Pushbutton switch for door in freezing warehouse |
| CN110876386B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2022-01-14 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | Rare earth oxide and nano-silver synergistic antibacterial agent and preparation method thereof |
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- 1994-10-03 JP JP6239101A patent/JP3023496B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0921105A1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1999-06-09 | Esmaltes, S.A. | Bactericidal ceramic enamel and uses thereof |
| ES2142249A1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 2000-04-01 | Esmaltes S A | Bactericidal ceramic enamel and uses thereof |
| WO2000014029A1 (en) * | 1998-09-05 | 2000-03-16 | Dynamic Ceramic Limited | Monolithic ceramic material comprising an antimicrobial material |
| WO2000035833A1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-22 | Toto Ltd. | Sanitary earthen products |
| US6514622B1 (en) | 1998-12-11 | 2003-02-04 | Toto Ltd. | Sanitary earthen products |
| US6303183B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-10-16 | Aos Holding Company | Anti-microbial porcelain enamel coating |
| JP2001097741A (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2001-04-10 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Antibacterial, mildew-proofing and algae-proofing article and its production |
| JP2001220305A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2001-08-14 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Antibacterial, mildewproof and algaproof article and method for producing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3023496B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 |
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