JPH078541B2

JPH078541B2 - Pipe-like structure

Info

Publication number: JPH078541B2
Application number: JP2210982A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 正秀大貫; 哲男山口; 光範三木
Original assignee: Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Priority date: 1989-11-27
Filing date: 1990-08-08
Publication date: 1995-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2010-02-01
Also published as: JPH03227616A

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

産業上の利用分野本発明は、パイプ状構造物に関し、詳しくは、FRP（繊
維強化樹脂）及び／又は繊維強化ゴムの力学的異方性を
応用して、曲げるとねじれる一方、ねじると曲がるとい
った特異な変形挙動を示すようにしたパイプ状構造物
で、上記特異な変形挙動を利用して、機械産業分野にお
ける作動アーム、宇宙産業分野におけるパイプ状構造
物、或いは特異な挙動を示す玩具、日用品等に利用され
得るものである。従来の技術従来、鉄、アルミ等の等方性材料からなるパイプ構造物
においては、その幾何学的主軸上の点に荷重をかけて曲
げのみを加えた場合はたわみのみを生じ、ねじれが生じ
ない。一方、幾何学的主軸上にない点に荷重をかけて曲
げねじりを加えると、たわみを生じると共にねじれが生
じる。即ち、第42図及び第43図に示すように、上記等方性材料
からなるパイプ状構造物１の一端を固定端1a、他端を自
由端1bとして、該自由端1bに対して、図中矢印Ａで示す
ように、作用線がパイプ状構造物の幾何学的主軸Ｇと交
わるように荷重を加えると、図中、鎖線で示すように、
パイプ状構造物１は上記荷重によりたわみを生じるが、
ねじれることはない。一方、第44図及び第45図に示すように、上記のパイプ状
構造物１の自由端の任意の一点に、矢印Ｂで示すような
作用線がパイプ状構造物１の幾何学的主軸Ｇと交わらな
い荷重を加えると、パイプ状構造物１は鎖線で示すよう
に、たわみを生じると共にねじれが生じる。発明が解決しようとする課題等方性の材料からなるパイプ状構造物では、上記した変
形挙動を示すが、そのような挙動以外の特異な変形挙
動、例えば、曲げるとねじれる一方、ねじると曲がり、
また、曲げねじりするとたわみはするがねじれないよう
なような変形挙動を生じさせることは出来ない。ところで、上記のような鉄、アルミ等の等方性材料に対
して、異方性材料としてはFRP（繊維強化樹脂）が知ら
れており、該FRPにおいては、繊維の方向を制御するこ
とにより、等方性材料では得られがたい力学的特性を与
えることが可能である。しかしながら、FRPは、従来、力学的特性以外の他の特
性、即ち、剛性、弾性率が高いことや、個々の構成材料
の熱力学的、電気的あるいは化学的特性を組み合わせる
ことにより利用され、更には、軽量化の目的では利用さ
れているが、FRPの異方性材料としての力学的特性を積
極的に応用する技術は少ない。一方、上記FRPと同様に力学的異方性を有する材料とし
て、繊維強化ゴムが提供されている。該繊維強化ゴム
は、FRPと比較して剛性、弾性率が低く、小さい力で容
易に変形すると共に破壊のびが大きく、大きな変形が可
能である等の特徴を有する。尚、配向性を有するゴムも
繊維強化ゴムと同様に力学的異方性を有する。これら該
繊維強化ゴム及び配向性を有するゴムも上記FRPと同様
に、従来、異方性材料としての力学的特性は積極的に利
用されていない。本発明は、上記したFRP及び繊維強化ゴムの力学的特性
を利用し、上記特異な変形挙動、即ち、一端を固定端、
他端を自由端として、作用線が弾性主軸と交わらないよ
うに荷重を加えると、たわみかつねじれる一方、弾性主
軸上にある点に荷重を加えて、曲げねじりすると、たわ
みが生じるのみでねじれが生じないようなパイプ状構造
物を提供することを目的とするものである。尚、上記弾性主軸とは、幾何学的主軸とは異なり、弾性
率を考慮した際の対称軸を指し、本発明の場合は、荷重
を加えても、たわみはするが、ねじれない点と、パイプ
の固定端とを結ぶ軸のことを指している。課題を解決するための手段従って、本発明は、繊維強化樹脂からなるパイプ状構造
物の繊維角度を周方向で部分的に異ならせると共に、こ
の繊維角度が異なる部分が上記周方向の部分における厚
さ方向の少なくとも一部分として、パイプ状構造物の弾
性主軸を幾何学的主軸と異ならせていることを特徴とす
るFRP製のパイプ状構造物を提供するものである。また、本発明は、繊維強化ゴムからなるパイプ状構造物
の繊維角度を周方向で部分的に異ならせると共に、この
繊維角度が異なる部分が上記周方向の部分における厚さ
方向の少なくとも一部分として、パイプ状構造物の弾性
主軸を幾何学的主軸と異ならせていることを特徴とする
繊維強化ゴム製のパイプ状構造物を提供するものであ
る。上記したパイプ状構造物は、繊維を含有した樹脂シート
（プリプレグシート等）あるいはゴムシートを積層して
構成することが好ましい。また、上記異方性を有する繊維強化樹脂製及び繊維強化
ゴム製のいずれのパイプ状構造物においても、その繊維
角度が異なる部分は、パイプ状構造物の幾何学的主軸に
対して対称な部分であり、例えば、パイプ状構造物に対
して円柱座標をとった場合に、０°≦θ＜180°の部分
と、180°≦θ＜360°の部分との、幾何学的主軸に対す
る繊維角度を異ならせ、かつ、上記０°≦θ＜180°の
部分の繊維角度を幾何学的主軸に対して正の方向に配向
させた時、180°≦θ＜360°の部分の繊維角度が幾何学
的主軸に対して負となる方向に配向させることが好まし
い。さらに、本発明は、繊維強化樹脂、繊維強化ゴム、配向
性を有するゴムの３種類の異方性を有する材料のうちの
２種類以上の材料を組み合わせて構成したパイプ状構造
物も含み、即ち、 a.繊維強化樹脂と繊維強化ゴム、 b.繊維強化樹脂と配向性を有するゴム、 c.繊維強化樹脂と繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴム、 d.繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴムからなる各パイプ状構造物の繊維角度及び／又は配向性
を有するゴムの配向方向を周方向で部分的に異ならせる
と共に、この繊維角度及び／又は配向方向が異なる部分
が上記周方向の部分における厚さ方向の少なくとも一部
として、パイプ状構造物の弾性主軸を幾何学的主軸と異
ならせていることを特徴とするパイプ状構造物を提供す
るものである。さらにまた、本発明のパイプ状構造物は、繊維強化樹
脂、繊維強化ゴム、配向性を有するゴムの３種類の異方
性を有する各材料に対して、あるいは上記した２種類以
上の材料を組み合わせたものに対して、さらに、繊維を
含有しない力学的に異方性を有しない樹脂（以下、等方
性樹脂と略称する。）あるいは繊維を含有しない力学的
に異方性を有しないゴム（以下、等方性ゴムと略称す
る。）のいずれか一方を組み合わせて構成するパイプ状
構造物も含み、例えば、 a.繊維強化樹脂と等方性樹脂、 b.繊維強化樹脂と等方性ゴム、 c.繊維強化ゴムと等方性樹脂、 d.繊維強化ゴムと等方性ゴム、 e.繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴムと等方性ゴム、 f.繊維強化樹脂と配向性を有するゴムと等方性樹脂、等であって、繊維角度及び／又は配向方向を周方向で部
分的に異ならせると共に、この繊維角度及び／又は配向
方向が異なる部分が上記周方向における厚さ方向の少な
くとも一部分として、パイプ状構造物の弾性主軸を幾何
学的主軸と異ならせていることを特徴とするパイプ状構
造物を提供するものである。尚、上記繊維角度が異ならせる部分は、当該部分中にお
いては、繊維角度がパイプの厚さ方向、周方向および長
さ方向において均一としている。また、この繊維角度を異ならせる部分は、他の部分と同
様に、繊維を含有した樹脂シートあるいはゴムシートを
積層して構成している。本発明のパイプ状構造物においては、上記構成とするこ
とにより、弾性主軸の幾何学的主軸からのずれが、パイ
プ状構造物の固定端から突出した突出部分の長さをＬ′
とすると、自由端側のずれの距離がＬ′の15％以上とな
るように設定している。上記繊維強化樹脂（FRP）としては、補強繊維材として
ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、各種有機繊維、アルミナ繊維、
炭化ケイ素繊維、金属繊維及び／又はそれらの混合物か
らなる繊維、織布あるいはマット等を用い、樹脂として
ポリアミド、エポキシ、ポリエステル等の樹脂を用いて
いる。また、上記繊維強化ゴムは、例えば、強化繊維としてガ
ラス繊維、炭素繊維、各種有機繊維、アルミナ繊維、炭
化ケイ素繊維、金属繊維及び／又はそれらの混合物から
なる繊維、織布マット等を用い、ゴムとしてNR、CR、NB
R、BR、EPDM、SBR等のゴム、あるいは、それらのブレン
ドゴム、共重合ゴム等を用いたものが好適に用いられ
る。更に、上記配向性を有するゴムは、例えば、基材ゴム10
0重量部、α，β−不飽和脂肪酸の金属塩３〜100重量
部、有機過酸化物0.5〜5.0重量部を含み、他の配向性付
与剤を含まないゴム組成物を一方向に剪断力をかけて混
練した後、加硫することにより得られるものが好適に用
いられる。一方、等方性樹脂としては、ポリアミド、エポキシ、ポ
リエステル等の樹脂が好適に用いられ、等方性ゴムとし
てはNR、CR、NBR、BR、EPDM、SBR等のゴム、あるいは、
それらのブレンドゴム、共重合ゴム等が好適に用いられ
る。作用本発明に係るパイプ状構造物では、繊維角度及び／又は
配向方向を周方向で部分的に異ならせると共に（好まし
くは、幾何学的主軸に対して対称な部分）、この繊維角
度及び／又は配向方向が異なる部分が上記周方向の部分
における厚さ方向の少なくとも一部分としているため、
FRP、繊維強化ゴム又は配向性を有するゴムの公知の力
学的異方性の特性を積極的に利用することが出来る。該
構成とすることにより、幾何学的主軸に対して弾性主軸
にずれを生じさせ、一端を固定端、他端を自由端とした
場合に、弾性主軸上の点を通らないように荷重をかけた
場合にはたわむと共にねじれる一方、弾性主軸上にある
パイプ状構造物の先端の一点を通るように任意の荷重を
かけた場合にはたわむのみでねじれない特有の変形挙動
を生じさせることができる。実施例本発明は、材料の組合わせにより種々の態様での実施例
があるが、理解を容易とするために、材料の組合わせご
とに本発明の実施例を説明する。尚、下記の実施例で使
用する異方性を有する材料は、（Ａ）繊維強化樹脂（FRP）（Ｂ）繊維強化ゴム（FRR）（Ｃ）配向性を有するゴムの３種類の材料を使用する。また、等方性を有する材料としては、（Ｄ）等方性樹脂（繊維を含有せず、異方性を有しない
通常のタイプのもの）（Ｅ）等方性ゴム（繊維を含有せず、異方性を有しない
通常のタイプのもの）の２種類を使用する。上記の材料の組合わせからなる本発明のパイプ状構造物
の実施例は以下の５つのタイプに類型される。１）１種類の異方性を有する材料からなる場合即ち、上
記（Ａ）のFRPのみからなる場合、同様に、（Ｂ）の繊
維強化ゴムのみからなる場合、２）２種類の異方性を有する材料からなる場合即ち、上
記（Ａ）のFRPと（Ｂ）の繊維強化ゴムとからなる場
合、同様に（Ａ）と（Ｃ）、（Ｂ）と（Ｃ）とからなる
場合、３）３種類の異方性を有する材料からなる場合即ち、上
記（Ａ）と（Ｂ）と（Ｃ）からなる場合、４）同一の素材からなる異方性を有する材料と等方性を
有する材料を組み合わせてなる場合、即ち、上記（Ａ）
のFRPと（Ｄ）の等方性樹脂の組み合わせからなる場
合、同様に（Ｂ）と（Ｅ）、（Ｂ）と（Ｃ）と（Ｅ）の
組合わせからなる場合、５）樹脂又はゴムからなる異方性を有する材料と、樹脂
又はゴムからなる等方性を有する材料とのうち、異なる
素材からなる樹脂とゴムとの組合わせからなる場合、即ち、上記（Ａ）と（Ｅ）、（Ｂ）と（Ｄ）、（Ａ）と
（Ｂ）と（Ｄ）等。以下、上記の５つの類型の順に本発明の実施例を説明す
る。尚、以下に示す実施例において、パイプ状構造物の形状
は全て同一の形状であり、第１図に示ような断面形状に
おいて内周と外周とが２つの同心な円からなる円筒状で
ある。また、説明の便宜のため、パイプ状構造物の幾何
学的主軸ＧがＺ軸となるように円柱座標BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pipe-like structure, and more specifically, applying the mechanical anisotropy of FRP (fiber reinforced resin) and / or fiber reinforced rubber to twist when bent and bend when twisted. A pipe-shaped structure exhibiting a peculiar deformation behavior. By utilizing the peculiar deformation behavior, an operating arm in the machine industry field, a pipe-shaped structure in the space industry field, or a toy or daily necessities exhibiting a peculiar behavior And so on. Conventional technology Conventionally, in pipe structures made of isotropic materials such as iron and aluminum, when a load is applied to a point on the geometric main axis and only bending is applied, only bending occurs and twisting occurs. Absent. On the other hand, when a load is applied to a point that is not on the geometrical principal axis and bending and twisting is applied, bending and twisting occur. That is, as shown in FIGS. 42 and 43, one end of the pipe-shaped structure 1 made of the above isotropic material is a fixed end 1a and the other end is a free end 1b. When a load is applied so that the line of action intersects with the geometric main axis G of the pipe-shaped structure as indicated by the middle arrow A, as indicated by the chain line in the figure,
The pipe-shaped structure 1 is bent by the above load,
There is no twist. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, an action line as shown by an arrow B is attached to the geometric main axis G of the pipe-shaped structure 1 at an arbitrary point on the free end of the pipe-shaped structure 1. When a load not intersecting with the pipe-shaped structure 1 is applied, the pipe-shaped structure 1 is bent and twisted as shown by a chain line. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention In a pipe-shaped structure made of an isotropic material, the above-described deformation behavior is exhibited, but peculiar deformation behaviors other than such behavior, for example, bending when twisting, bending when twisting,
In addition, when bending and twisting, it is not possible to cause a deformation behavior such as bending but not twisting. By the way, FRP (fiber reinforced resin) is known as an anisotropic material with respect to isotropic materials such as iron and aluminum as described above. In the FRP, by controlling the direction of fibers, It is possible to provide mechanical properties that are difficult to obtain with isotropic materials. However, FRP has hitherto been used by combining properties other than mechanical properties, namely, high rigidity and high elastic modulus, and thermodynamic, electrical, or chemical properties of individual constituent materials. Is used for the purpose of weight reduction, but there are few technologies that positively apply the mechanical properties of FRP as an anisotropic material. On the other hand, a fiber reinforced rubber is provided as a material having mechanical anisotropy like the above FRP. The fiber reinforced rubber has features such as lower rigidity and elastic modulus than FRP, easily deformed with a small force, large fracture spread, and large deformation. Note that the oriented rubber also has mechanical anisotropy, like the fiber-reinforced rubber. Similar to the FRP, the fiber-reinforced rubber and the oriented rubber have not been positively utilized in mechanical properties as an anisotropic material. The present invention utilizes the mechanical properties of the FRP and fiber reinforced rubber described above, and the peculiar deformation behavior, that is, one end is a fixed end,
When a load is applied so that the line of action does not intersect with the elastic main shaft with the other end as a free end, it will bend and twist, while when a load is applied to a point on the elastic main shaft and bending and twisting, only bending will occur and twist will occur. The purpose is to provide a pipe-shaped structure that does not occur. Incidentally, the elastic main axis, unlike the geometrical main axis, refers to the axis of symmetry when considering the elastic modulus, in the case of the present invention, even if a load is applied, it bends, but does not twist, It refers to the axis that connects the fixed end of the pipe. Therefore, according to the present invention, the fiber angle of a pipe-shaped structure made of fiber reinforced resin is partially different in the circumferential direction, and the different fiber angle is the thickness in the circumferential direction. Provided is a pipe-shaped structure made of FRP, characterized in that an elastic main axis of the pipe-shaped structure is different from a geometrical main axis as at least a part in the depth direction. Further, the present invention, while partially differing the fiber angle of the pipe-shaped structure made of fiber reinforced rubber in the circumferential direction, the different fiber angle portion is at least part of the thickness direction in the circumferential portion, (EN) A pipe-shaped structure made of fiber reinforced rubber, characterized in that an elastic main axis of the pipe-shaped structure is different from a geometrical main axis. The above-mentioned pipe-shaped structure is preferably formed by laminating a resin sheet (prepreg sheet or the like) containing a fiber or a rubber sheet. Further, in any of the pipe-shaped structures made of the fiber-reinforced resin and the fiber-reinforced rubber having the above-mentioned anisotropy, the portions having different fiber angles are symmetric with respect to the geometric main axis of the pipe-shaped structure. And, for example, when the cylindrical coordinates are taken with respect to the pipe-shaped structure, the fiber angle with respect to the geometric main axis of the part of 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° and the part of 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° And the fiber angle of the above 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° portion is oriented in the positive direction with respect to the geometric main axis, the fiber angle of the 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° portion is geometric. It is preferable to orient in a direction that is negative with respect to the principal axis of science. Furthermore, the present invention also includes a pipe-shaped structure formed by combining two or more kinds of materials having three kinds of anisotropy, that is, fiber-reinforced resin, fiber-reinforced rubber, and oriented rubber, that is, A. Fiber reinforced resin and fiber reinforced rubber, b. Fiber reinforced resin and oriented rubber, c. Fiber reinforced resin and fiber reinforced rubber and oriented rubber, d. Fiber reinforced rubber and oriented rubber And the orientation direction of the rubber having the fiber angle and / or orientation of each pipe-shaped structure is partially different in the circumferential direction, and the portion in which the fiber angle and / or the orientation direction is different is the portion in the circumferential direction. There is provided a pipe-shaped structure characterized in that an elastic main axis of the pipe-shaped structure is different from a geometrical main axis as at least a part of a thickness direction. Furthermore, the pipe-shaped structure of the present invention is made by combining three kinds of anisotropic materials such as fiber reinforced resin, fiber reinforced rubber, and oriented rubber, or by combining two or more kinds of the above materials. In addition, a resin that does not contain fibers and does not have mechanical anisotropy (hereinafter abbreviated as an isotropic resin) or a rubber that does not contain fibers and does not have mechanical anisotropy ( Hereinafter, abbreviated as isotropic rubber) is also included, including a pipe-shaped structure formed by combining any one of them. For example, a. Fiber reinforced resin and isotropic resin, b. Fiber reinforced resin and isotropic rubber , C. Fiber reinforced rubber and isotropic resin, d. Fiber reinforced rubber and isotropic rubber, e. Fiber reinforced rubber and isotropic rubber and isotropic rubber, f. Fiber reinforced resin and isotropic resin Rubber and isotropic resin, etc., with fiber angle and / or orientation direction The elastic principal axis of the pipe-shaped structure is made different from the geometrical principal axis while at least a part of the fiber angle and / or the orientation direction is different at least in a part in the thickness direction in the circumferential direction. The present invention provides a pipe-shaped structure characterized by being present. In the portion where the fiber angle is different, the fiber angle is uniform in the portion in the thickness direction, the circumferential direction and the length direction of the pipe. Further, like the other portions, the portion where the fiber angle is different is formed by laminating resin sheets or rubber sheets containing fibers. In the pipe-shaped structure of the present invention, by adopting the above configuration, the displacement of the elastic main shaft from the geometrical main shaft causes the length of the protruding portion protruding from the fixed end of the pipe-shaped structure to be L ′.
Then, the deviation distance on the free end side is set to be 15% or more of L '. Examples of the fiber reinforced resin (FRP) include a reinforcing fiber material such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, various organic fibers, alumina fiber,
Fibers made of silicon carbide fibers, metal fibers and / or mixtures thereof, woven fabrics or mats are used, and resins such as polyamide, epoxy and polyester are used. The fiber reinforced rubber may be, for example, glass fiber, carbon fiber, various organic fibers, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, metal fiber and / or a fiber made of a mixture thereof, a woven mat, etc. As NR, CR, NB
Rubbers such as R, BR, EPDM, and SBR, or blended rubbers thereof, copolymer rubbers, and the like are preferably used. Further, the rubber having the above-mentioned orientation is, for example, the base rubber 10
A rubber composition containing 0 parts by weight, 3 to 100 parts by weight of an α, β-unsaturated fatty acid metal salt, and 0.5 to 5.0 parts by weight of an organic peroxide, and containing no other orientation agent is unidirectionally sheared. Those obtained by kneading and kneading and then vulcanizing are preferably used. On the other hand, as the isotropic resin, a resin such as polyamide, epoxy or polyester is preferably used, and as the isotropic rubber, a rubber such as NR, CR, NBR, BR, EPDM, SBR, or the like, or
Blended rubbers thereof, copolymer rubbers and the like are preferably used. Action In the pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention, the fiber angle and / or the orientation direction are partially different in the circumferential direction (preferably, a portion symmetrical with respect to the geometric main axis), and the fiber angle and / or Since the portion having a different orientation direction is at least a part in the thickness direction in the circumferential portion,
The known mechanical anisotropic properties of FRP, fiber reinforced rubber or oriented rubber can be positively utilized. With this configuration, the elastic main shaft is displaced from the geometrical main shaft, and when one end is a fixed end and the other end is a free end, a load is applied so as not to pass through a point on the elastic main shaft. When it is bent, it bends and bends, but when an arbitrary load is applied so as to pass through one point of the tip of the pipe-shaped structure on the elastic main axis, it can bend and bend without causing a unique deformation behavior. . Examples The present invention has examples in various modes depending on the combination of materials, but for ease of understanding, examples of the present invention will be described for each combination of materials. The anisotropic materials used in the following examples are (A) fiber reinforced resin (FRP), (B) fiber reinforced rubber (FRR), and (C) oriented rubber. To do. Further, as the material having isotropic property, (D) isotropic resin (a normal type that does not contain fibers and does not have anisotropy) (E) isotropic rubber (does not contain fibers) , A normal type that does not have anisotropy). Examples of pipe-like structures of the present invention comprising a combination of the above materials are classified into the following five types. 1) When it is made of a material having one type of anisotropy, that is, when it is made of only the FRP of (A) above, and similarly when it is made only of the fiber reinforced rubber of (B), 2) Two types of anisotropy When it is made of a material having the above, that is, when it is made of the FRP of (A) and the fiber-reinforced rubber of (B), it is also made of (A) and (C), and (B) and (C), 3 ) When it is composed of three kinds of anisotropic materials, that is, when it is composed of the above (A), (B) and (C), 4) It is isotropic with the anisotropic material composed of the same material. When the materials are combined, that is, (A) above
5) Resin or rubber, when it is composed of a combination of FRP and isotropic resin of (D), when it is also composed of a combination of (B) and (E), and (B), (C) and (E). Of a material having anisotropy consisting of and a material having isotropicity consisting of resin or rubber, which is a combination of resin and rubber made of different materials, that is, (A) and (E) above. , (B) and (D), (A) and (B) and (D), etc. Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in the order of the above five types. In the examples described below, the pipe-shaped structures have the same shape, and the cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 1 is a cylindrical shape having two concentric circles on the inner circumference and the outer circumference. . Further, for convenience of description, the cylindrical coordinates are set so that the geometric main axis G of the pipe-shaped structure is the Z axis.

【（ｒ，θ，
Ｚ）】を取る。更に、各断面図中のハッチングは繊維等
の方向とは無関係であり、夫々の線は下記の材料等を表
している。・太実線…繊維；・細実線…ゴム；・細破線…配向性を有するゴム；・細一点鎖線…樹脂。１）１種類の異方性を有する材料からなる場合 FRPのみからなる場合第２図から第４図に示す本発明に係るパイプ状構造物の
第１実施例では、パイプ状構造物11はFRPのみからな
る。また、第１実施例では、上記パイプ状構造物11は、
幾何学的主軸Ｇ（即ち、上記した円柱座標のＺ軸）に対
して所望の角度を有するように繊維を含有した樹脂のシ
ートであるプリプレグシートを切断したものを積層する
方法により製造している。尚、第１実施例のパイプ状構
造物11の製造法は、上記プリプレグシートを積層する方
法に限定されず、連続繊維に樹脂を含浸し、マンドレル
上で軸方向に所定の角度をつけながら配置するFW法（フ
ィラメント・ワインディング法）により製造してもよ
い。第２図から第４図に示すように、上記したパイプ状構造
物11を構成するFRPの、０°≦θ＜180°の部分11aでは
ｒ及びＺに関係なくすべての繊維角度はＺ軸に対して、
本実施例では、正方向のα_１＝30°なる角度としてい
る。しかし、α_１の大きさは上記の値に限定されず、α
_１＞０°かつα_１≠180°なる関係を満たせばよい。一方、第４図に示す180°≦θ＜360°の部分11bでは、
すべての繊維Ｆの角度がＺ軸に対して、負の方向である
β_１＝−30°なる角度としている。即ち、β_１はβ_１＝
−α_１となるように定めている。上記のようにパイプ状構造物11の周方向の一部分の繊維
Ｆの幾何学的主軸Ｇに対する角度を、該幾何学的主軸Ｇ
に対して対称な部分と異ならせることにより、FRPの公
知の異方性の特性を利用して、本実施例のパイプ状構造
物11では、幾何学的主軸Ｇと弾性主軸Ｅの間にずれを生
じさせている。次に、上記構成からなるパイプ状構造物の作用的特性に
ついて説明する。まず、第５図に示すようにパイプ状構造物11の一端を固
定端11c、他端を自由端11dとして長さＬ′の片持梁とす
る。図中点Ｑは、弾性主軸Ｅとパイプ状構造物11の自由
端11d側の端面との交点を示している。上記の状態で、第６図に示すように治具12をパイプ11の
先端にはめ込み、該治具12に重り13を垂らすことによ
り、弾性主軸Ｅ上にある点を通らない荷重を下方に加え
ると、第８図及び第９図に示すようにパイプ上構造物11
は、鎖線で示すように、たわみを生じると共にねじれが
生じる。一方、第７図で示すように、治具15をパイプ11の先端に
はめ込み、該治具15の突出した棒状部分15aに重り16を
垂らすことにより、上記した弾性主軸Ｅ上にある点Ｑを
通るように下方に荷重を加えると、第10図及び第11図の
鎖線で示すように、たわみを生じるが、ねじれが生じる
ことがない。即ち、本実施例のパイプ状構造物11は、弾性主軸Ｅ上に
ない点を通るように荷重を加えた場合にはたわみかつね
じれ、一方、弾性主軸Ｅ上の点に荷重をかけることによ
り、曲げねじりを加えても、たわみが生じるがねじれる
ことはない。尚、第１実施例では、上記α_１とβ_１の関係をβ_１＝−
α_１としたが、α_１とβ_１の関係はこの関係に限定され
るものではなく、α_１≠β_１なる関係を満たしていれば
良い。また、第１実施例のパイプ状構造物において、一端を固
定端、他端を自由端とした場合の、パイプ状構造物のた
わみ量δ、ねじれ量τ及び自由端での幾何学的主軸に対
する弾性主軸のずれε（第39図に図示）は以下の近似式
に表現される。上記式において、Ｒ…パイプ状構造物の肉厚中央部での半径、Ｌ′…パイプ状構造物の固定端から突出した部分の長
さ、Ｐ…先端に加える荷重、Ｔ…先端に加えるトルク、 S₁₁、S₁₆及びS₆₆はFRPを構成する繊維、樹脂及び積層の
構成により定まる定数である。上記ずれεは、パイプ状
構造物11の固定端から突出した突出部分の長さＬ′に対
して、自由端のずれの大きさが15％以上となるように設
定している。第12図から第14図は、上記第１実施例の第１変形例を示
し、該第１変形例では、パイプ状構造物21は10°≦θ＜
150°の部分21aでは第13図に示すように、全ての繊維の
向きが幾何学的主軸Ｇに対してα_２＝60°であり、それ
以外の部分、即ち、０°≦θ＜10°及び150°≦θ＜360
°の部分21bでは全ての繊維の向きが幾何学的主軸Ｇに
対してβ_２＝20°である。上記α_２とβ_２との関係は上
記の値に限定されるものではなく、α_２≠β_２なる関係
をみたしていればよい。また、上記部分21a、21bの分け
かたも上記の角度に限定されない。上記第１変形例においても、上記のようにパイプ状構造
物21の周方向の一部分の繊維Ｆの幾何学的主軸に対する
角度が、該幾何学的主軸に対して対称な部分と異なるた
め幾何学的主軸と弾性主軸にずれが生じている。そのた
め、第１実施例と同様の作用効果を生じる。次に、第15図から第18図に示す上記第１実施例の第２変
形例では、パイプ状構造物31は60°≦θ＜120°の部分3
1aでは第16図に示すように、全ての繊維Ｆの方向は幾何
学的主軸Ｇに対してα_３＝60°であり、240°≦θ＜300
°の部分31bでは第17図に示すように、全ての繊維Ｆの
方向はすべて幾何学的主軸に対してβ_３＝−60°であ
る。α_３とβ_３の値は上記のものに限定されず、α_３≠
β_３なる関係を満たしていればよい。上記部分31a、31b以外の部分、即ち、０°≦θ＜60°、
120°≦θ＜240°及び300°≦θ＜360°の部分31c、31c
では第18図に示すように、繊維Ｆの方向は全て幾何学的
主軸Ｇに対してγ＝180°である。ここで、γはγ≠α
_３かつγ≠β_３なる関係を満たす任意の角度であればよ
い。上記第２変形例においても、上記のようにパイプ状構造
物31の繊維の幾何学的主軸に対する角度を周方向で部分
的に異ならせ、該角度を該幾何学的主軸に対して対称な
部分と異ならせるため幾何学的主軸と弾性主軸にはずれ
が生じている。そのため、第１実施例及び第２実施例と
同様の作用効果を生じる。第19図に示す第３変形例のパイプ状構造物41は第１実施
例と同一の形状で、プリプレグシートを12層積層してな
る。該パイプ状構造物41では、30°≦θ＜360°の部分4
1aでは、厚さ方向（ｒ方向）に積層する全ての層の繊維
角度はＺ軸に対して30°である。一方、０°≦θ＜30°の部分41bではパイプ状構造物41
の厚さ方向（ｒ方向）で繊維角度を異ならせている。即
ち、プリプレグシートのパイプ内側の第１層目から第４
層目までの部分41cでは、繊維角度はＺ軸に対して30°
で、プリプレグシートの内側から第５層目から第12層目
の部分41dでは−30°である。尚、繊維角度の大きさ
は、上記の値に限定されず、異なる関係を満たせばよ
く、また、第何層目において繊維角度を異ならせるか
も、上記の例に限定されない。上記第３変形例においても、上記のようにパイプ状構造
物41の繊維角度を周方向で部分的に異ならせると共に、
この繊維角度が異なる部分を上記周方向の部分における
厚さ方向の一部分としているため、幾何学的主軸と弾性
主軸との間にずれが生じており、第１実施例と同様の作
用効果を生じる。第20図に示す第４変形例ではパイプ状構造物51はプリプ
レグシート12層を積層してなり、厚さ方向（ｒ方向）で
繊維角度は異なる。即ち、プリプレグシートの内側の第
１層目から第６層目までの範囲の部分51aではθに関係
なく繊維角度はＺ軸（幾何学的主軸）に対して60°であ
り、一方、プリプレグシートの第６層目から第12層目の
範囲の部分51bでは周方向により繊維角度が異なり、０
°≦θ＜180°の部分51cでは繊維角度はＺ軸に対して−
30°で、180°≦θ＜360°の部分51dでは繊維角度は30
°である。尚、上記繊維角度は上記の値に限定されず、互いに異な
っていればよく、また、何層目において繊維角度を異な
らせるかも上記の例に限定されるものではない。上記第４変形例においても上記したように、パイプ状構
造物51の繊維角度を周方向で部分的に異ならせると共
に、この繊維角度が異なる部分が上記周方向の部分にお
ける厚さ方向の少なくとも一部分であるため、弾性主軸
の幾何学的主軸に対してずれが生じ第１実施例と同様の
作用効果を生じる。繊維強化ゴムのみからなる場合第21図に示す本発明の第２実施例では、パイプ状構造物
61は繊維強化ゴムのみからなる。繊維強化ゴムは第22図
に示すように、繊維Ｆを含有したゴムシート62の状態
で、繊維Ｆの方向Ｘには高弾性率を有し、繊維Ｆに直交
する方向Ｙは比較的低い弾性率を有しており、力学的な
異方性を有している。尚、繊維強化ゴムは上記したFRP
と比較すると、低弾性率、低剛性であって、小さい力に
より大きく変形する。上記パイプ状構造物61は、第23図
に示すように、該パイプ状構造物61を周方向で二分した
ゴムシート62をマンドレル63上で積層し、その後、布製
のラッピングテープ（図示せず）を巻付けて加圧した
後、加硫、成形してパイプ状構造物としている。第２実施例のパイプ状構造物61では、繊維強化ゴムの繊
維Ｆの角度は上記した第１実施例と同様であり、０°≦
θ＜180°の部分61aではＲ及びＺに関係なくすべての繊
維角度はＺ度に対して30°、180°≦θ＜360°の部分61
bでは−30°であり、FRPの場合と同様に繊維角度は上記
の値に限定されず、部分61aと部分61bの繊維角度が異な
る関係を満たしていればよく、また、上記繊維角度を異
ならせる部分の分けかたも上記の例に限定されるもので
はない。次に、第２実施例の作動的特徴について説明する。上記した第１実施例の場合と同様に、前記第５図に示す
ように、パイプ状構造61の一端を固定端61c、他端を自
由端61dとして、第６図に示すような治具12を先端には
め込み、該治具12に重り13を垂らすことにより、弾性主
軸Ｅ上にある点を通らない荷重を下方に加えると、第８
図及び第９図に示すようにパイプ状構造物61は、鎖線で
示すように、たわみを生じる。また、第７図に示すように、治具15を先端にはめ込んで
該治具15により重りを垂らすことにより弾性主軸Ｅ上に
ある点Ｑを通るように下方に荷重を加えると、第10図及
第11図の鎖線で示すように、たわみを生じるが、ねじれ
を生じることがない。この時、第２実施例のパイプ状構造物61は繊維強化ゴム
のみからなるため、上記した第１実施例（FRPのみから
なる）と比較して小さい荷重で大きく変形することがで
きる。上記繊維強化ゴムのみからなるパイプ状構造物において
も、前記FRPのみからなるパイプ状構造物の第１変形例
から第４変形例に示す場合と同様に繊維角度、繊維角度
を異ならせる部分の分けかたを相違させることができ
る。２）２種類の異方性を有する材料からなる場合繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴムからなる場合第24図から第26図に示す本発明のパイプ状構造物の第３
実施例を示し、該パイプ状構造物65では０°≦θ＜180
°の部分65aは第25図に示すように、繊維角度がα₁₁＝3
0°の繊維強化ゴムからなり、一方、180°≦θ＜360°
の部分65bは第26図に示すように配向方向ＨがＺ軸とな
す角度がβ₁₁＝−30°の配向性を有するゴムからなる。上記配向性を有するゴムは、配向方向には高弾性率、高
剛性であり、該配向方向と直交する方向には低弾性率、
低剛性であるゴムである。本実施例では、配向性を有す
るゴムは、基材ゴム100重量部、α，β−不飽和脂肪酸
の金属塩３〜100重量部、有機過酸化物0.5〜5.0重量部
含み、他の配向性付与剤を含まないゴム組成物を、一方
向に剪断力をかけて混錬した後、加硫して得られるもの
を使用している。上記のパイプ状構造物65は、上記した第23図に示す製造
方法と同様に夫々シート状の繊維強化ゴム及び配向性を
有するゴムをマンドレル上に積層して金型内に仕込み、
その後加硫、成型してパイプ状に形成している。第３実施例のパイプ状構造物65も上記した第１実施例と
同様に、曲げるとねじれ、ねじると曲がる特殊な変形挙
動を示す。第27図は第３実施例の変形例を示し、該変形例に係るパ
イプ状構造物66は、５層のシートを積層してなり、０°
≦θ＜60及び120°≦θ＜360°の部分66aは配向方向が3
0°の配向性を有するゴムのシートを１層から５層まで
配置している。一方、60°≦θ＜120°の部分66bでは、
１層から２層までの部分66cでは配向方向が30°の配向
性を有するゴムを配置しているが、３層から５層の部分
66dは、繊維角度と幾何学的主軸のなす角度が−30°の
繊維強化ゴムを積層している。この第３実施例の変形例も、上記した第１実施例と同様
の特殊な変形挙動を示す。上記繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴムとの組み合わせ
からなるパイプ状構造物においても、上記変形例のみな
らず、第１実施例の第１変形例から第４変形例に示す場
合と同様に、繊維強化ゴムの繊維角度及び配向性を有す
るゴムの配向方向、上記繊維角度と配向方向を異ならせ
る部分の分けかたを種々に相違させることができる。 FRPと繊維強化ゴムからなる場合第28図に示す本発明の第４実施例に係るパイプ状構造物
67では、０°≦θ＜180°の部分67aは、繊維角度が30°
のFRPからなり、一方、180°≦θ＜360°の部分67bは繊
維角度が−30°の繊維強化ゴムからなる。該第４実施例のパイプ状構造物67も、上記した第１実施
例と同様に特殊な変形挙動を示す。第29図は第４実施例の変形例を示し、該第４変形例のパ
イプ状構造物68では０°≦θ＜60°及び120°≦θ＜360
°の部分68aはｒに関係なく繊維角度が30°の繊維強化
ゴムからなる。一方、60°≦θ＜120°の部分68bでは、
内周側の部分68cには繊維角度が30°の繊維強化ゴムの
シートを配置しているが、外周側の部分68dは繊維角度
が−30°のFRPで構成している。 FRPと配向性を有するゴムとからなる場合第30図に示す本発明の第５実施例に係るパイプ状構造物
70では、０°≦θ＜180°の部分70aは繊維角度が30°の
FRPからなり、一方、180°≦θ＜360°の部分70bは配向
方向が−30°の配向性を有するゴムからなる。該第５実
施例のパイプ状構造物も前記第１実施例と同様に特殊な
変形挙動を示す。尚、第５実施例の場合も、繊維角度、配向方向および、
それらを異ならせる分け方を、第１実施例と同様に種々
相違させることが出来る。３）FRPと繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴムの３つの
異方性を有する材料からなる場合第31図は本発明の第６実施例を示し、該第６実施例に係
わるパイプ状構造物71は、10層のシートを積層したもの
で、０°≦θ＜180°の内周から５層目までの部分71aを
繊維角度を30°としたFRP、６層目から10層目までの０
°≦θ＜180°の部分71bを繊維角度が30°の繊維強化ゴ
ム、180°≦θ＜360°部分71cは配向方向が−30°の配
向性を有するゴムからなる。上記該第６実施例のパイプ状構造物も前記第１実施例と
同様に特殊な変形挙動を示す。尚、第６実施例の場合も、繊維角度、配向方向及び、そ
れらを異ならせる分け方を、第１実施例と同様に種々相
違させることが出来る。４）同一素材からなる異方性材料と等方性材料を組み合
わせてなる場合 FRPと補強繊維を含有しない等方性樹脂の組合わせか
らなる場合第32図に示す本発明の第７実施例に係るパイプ状構造物
72では、０°≦θ＜180°の部分72aは通常の繊維を含有
せず力学的に異方性を有しない等方性樹脂である。一
方、180°≦θ＜360°の部分72bは繊維角度が30°のFRP
である。第33図に示す本発明の第７実施例の変形例に係るパイプ
状構造物73では、０°≦θ＜60°及び120°≦θ＜360°
の部分73aは繊維を含有しない樹脂からなる。一方、60
°≦θ＜120°の部分73bでは外周側の部分73cが繊角度3
0°のFRPであり他の部分73dが繊維を含有しない樹脂か
らなる。上記第７実施例及びその変形例のパイプ状構造物72、73
は上記した第１実施例と同様の特殊な変形挙動を示す。繊維強化ゴムと繊維を含有しない等方性ゴムを組み合
わせてなる場合第34図に示す本発明の第８実施例に係るパイプ状構造物
74では、０°≦θ＜180°の部分74aは上記した通常の力
学的に異方性を有しないゴムからなる。一方、180°≦
θ＜360°の部分74bは、繊維角度が30°の繊維強化ゴム
からなる。繊維強化ゴムと配向性を有するゴムと等方性ゴムの組
み合わせからなる場合第35図は本発明の第９実施例に係るパイプ状構造物75を
示し、該パイプ状構造物75では、０°≦θ＜60及び120
°≦θ＜360°の部分75aは上記した力学的に異方性を有
しない通常のゴムからなる。一方、60°≦θ＜120°の
部分75bは外周側の部分75cが繊維角度30°の繊維強化ゴ
ムからなり、他の部分75dが30°の配向方向の配向性を
有するゴムからなる。上記第８実施例及び第９実施例のパイプ状構造物も上記
した第１実施例と同様の特殊な変形挙動を示す。尚、上記同一素材からなる異方性材料と等方性材料の組
合わせからなる、及びのいずれの場合も異方性材
料の繊維角度及び配向方向、それらを異ならせる分け方
は第１実施例と同様に種々相違させることが出来る。５）異なる素材からなる異方性材料と等方性材料を組み
合わせてなる場合 FRPと繊維を含有しない等方性ゴムの組み合わせから
なる場合第36図は本発明の第10実施例を示し、該パイプ状構造物
80は、０°≦θ＜60°の部分80aは繊維角度30°のFRP、
180°≦θ＜240°の部分80bは繊維角度−30°のFRP、残
りの部分、即ち、60°≦θ＜180°及び240°≦θ＜360
°の部分80cは力学的に異方性を有しないゴムからな
る。繊維強化ゴムと繊維を含有しない等方性樹脂の組み合
わせからなる場合第37図は本発明の第11実施例を示し、該パイプ状構造物
81は、０°≦θ＜60°の部分81aは繊維角度30°の繊維
強化ゴム、180°≦θ＜240°の部分81bは繊維角度−30
°の繊維強化ゴム、残りの部分、即ち、60°≦θ＜180
°及び240°≦θ＜360°は力学的に異方性を有しない樹
脂からなる。尚、上記およびの組み合わせ以外の組み合わせにつ
いては、説明を省略する。上記した異なる素材の異方性材料と等方性材料を組み合
わせた場合においても、パイプ状構造物の繊維角度及び
／又は配向方向を周方向で部分的に異ならせると共に、
この繊維角度及び／又は配向方向が異なる部分が上記周
方向の部分における厚さ方向の少なくとも一部分であ
り、かつ、パイプ状構造物の幾何学的主軸に対して対称
な部分であるため、前記第１実施例と同様な特殊な変形
挙動を生じさせることが出来る。[(R, θ,
Z)] is taken. Furthermore, the hatching in each cross-sectional view has nothing to do with the direction of the fibers and the like, and the respective lines represent the following materials and the like.・ Thick solid line ... Fiber; ・ Thin solid line… Rubber; ・ Thin broken line… Rubber having orientation; 1) When made of one kind of anisotropic material When made only of FRP In the first embodiment of the pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the pipe-shaped structure 11 is made of FRP. Consists of only. In addition, in the first embodiment, the pipe-shaped structure 11 is
It is manufactured by a method of stacking cut prepreg sheets, which are resin sheets containing fibers so as to have a desired angle with respect to the geometric main axis G (that is, the Z axis of the above-mentioned cylindrical coordinates). . The method for manufacturing the pipe-shaped structure 11 of the first embodiment is not limited to the method of laminating the above prepreg sheets, and the continuous fibers are impregnated with resin and arranged on the mandrel while forming a predetermined angle in the axial direction. It may be manufactured by the FW method (filament winding method). As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, in the portion 11a of 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° of the FRP constituting the above-mentioned pipe-shaped structure 11, all fiber angles are on the Z axis regardless of r and Z. for,
In this embodiment, the angle is α ₁ = 30 ° in the positive direction. However, the magnitude of α ₁ is not limited to the above value, and α ₁
_It suffices to satisfy the relationship of ₁ > 0 ° and α ₁ ≠ 180 °. On the other hand, in the portion 11b of 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° shown in FIG.
The angles of all the fibers F are the negative direction β ₁ = −30 ° with respect to the Z axis. That is, β ₁ is β ₁ =
−α ₁ is set. As described above, the angle of the portion of the pipe-shaped structure 11 in the circumferential direction with respect to the geometric principal axis G of the fiber F is defined by the geometric principal axis G.
By using a known anisotropic property of FRP, the pipe-shaped structure 11 of the present embodiment is displaced from the geometrical principal axis G and the elastic principal axis E by making the portion different from the symmetrical portion with respect to. Is causing. Next, the operational characteristics of the pipe-shaped structure having the above structure will be described. First, as shown in FIG. 5, one end of the pipe-shaped structure 11 is a fixed end 11c and the other end is a free end 11d to form a cantilever having a length L '. A point Q in the drawing indicates an intersection of the elastic main axis E and the end surface of the pipe-shaped structure 11 on the free end 11d side. In the above state, as shown in FIG. 6, the jig 12 is fitted into the tip of the pipe 11 and the weight 13 is hung on the jig 12 so that a load not passing through the point on the elastic spindle E is applied downward. And, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
Causes bending and twisting as shown by the chain line. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, the jig 15 is fitted into the tip of the pipe 11 and the weight 16 is hung on the protruding rod-shaped portion 15a of the jig 15, so that the point Q on the elastic main axis E is determined. When a downward load is applied so as to pass through, as shown by the chain line in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, bending occurs, but no twist occurs. That is, the pipe-shaped structure 11 of the present embodiment is flexed and twisted when a load is applied so as to pass through a point that is not on the elastic main axis E, while a load is applied to a point on the elastic main axis E, Even if a bending and twisting is applied, it will be bent but will not be twisted. In the first embodiment, the relationship between α ₁ and β ₁ is β ₁ = −
Although α ₁ is set, the relationship between α ₁ and β ₁ is not limited to this relationship, and it suffices if the relationship α ₁ ≠ β ₁ is satisfied. In addition, in the pipe-shaped structure of the first embodiment, when one end is a fixed end and the other end is a free end, the bending amount δ, the twist amount τ, and the geometric main axis at the free end of the pipe-shaped structure are The displacement ε of the elastic main axis (illustrated in FIG. 39) is expressed by the following approximate expression. In the above formula, R ... Radius at the center of the wall thickness of the pipe-like structure, L '... Length of the portion protruding from the fixed end of the pipe-like structure, P ... Load applied to the tip, T ... Torque applied to the tip , S ₁₁ , S ₁₆ and S ₆₆ are constants determined by the composition of fibers, resins and laminates that constitute FRP. The displacement ε is set so that the displacement of the free end is 15% or more with respect to the length L ′ of the protruding portion protruding from the fixed end of the pipe-shaped structure 11. 12 to 14 show a first modified example of the first embodiment, in which the pipe-shaped structure 21 is 10 ° ≦ θ <
In the portion 21a of 150 °, as shown in FIG. 13, the orientations of all the fibers are α ₂ = 60 ° with respect to the geometrical principal axis G, and other portions, that is, 0 ° ≦ θ <10 ° And 150 ° ≦ θ <360
In the 21 ° portion 21b, the orientations of all the fibers are β ₂ = 20 ° with respect to the geometrical principal axis G. The above-mentioned relationship between α ₂ and β ₂ is not limited to the above value, and it suffices if the relationship α ₂ ≠ β _{2 is} satisfied. The division of the parts 21a and 21b is not limited to the above angle. Also in the first modified example, as described above, the angle of a part of the pipe-shaped structure 21 in the circumferential direction with respect to the geometric main axis of the fiber F is different from the symmetrical portion with respect to the geometric main axis. There is a gap between the dynamic main axis and the elastic main axis. Therefore, the same effect as that of the first embodiment is produced. Next, in the second modification of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 18, the pipe-shaped structure 31 has a portion 3 where 60 ° ≦ θ <120 °.
In 1a, as shown in FIG. 16, the directions of all the fibers F are α ₃ = 60 ° with respect to the geometric main axis G, and 240 ° ≦ θ <300.
As shown in FIG. 17, all the directions of all the fibers F are β ₃ = −60 ° with respect to the geometrical principal axis in the 31 ° portion 31b. The values of α ₃ and β ₃ are not limited to the above values, and α ₃ ≠
It suffices if the relationship β ₃ is satisfied. A portion other than the portions 31a and 31b, that is, 0 ° ≦ θ <60 °,
Parts 31c, 31c where 120 ° ≦ θ <240 ° and 300 ° ≦ θ <360 °
Then, as shown in FIG. 18, all the directions of the fibers F are γ = 180 ° with respect to the geometric main axis G. Where γ is γ ≠ α
Any angle that satisfies the relationship of ₃ and γ ≠ β ₃ may be used. Also in the second modified example, as described above, the angle of the fiber of the pipe-shaped structure 31 with respect to the geometric main axis is partially different in the circumferential direction, and the angle is symmetrical with respect to the geometric main axis. Since there is a difference between the geometrical principal axis and the elastic principal axis, a deviation occurs. Therefore, the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments are produced. The pipe-shaped structure 41 of the third modification shown in FIG. 19 has the same shape as that of the first embodiment and is formed by laminating 12 layers of prepreg sheets. In the pipe-shaped structure 41, a portion 4 where 30 ° ≦ θ <360 °
In 1a, the fiber angle of all layers laminated in the thickness direction (r direction) is 30 ° with respect to the Z axis. On the other hand, in the portion 41b where 0 ° ≦ θ <30 °, the pipe-shaped structure 41
The fiber angle is changed in the thickness direction (r direction). That is, from the first layer to the fourth layer inside the pipe of the prepreg sheet.
In the part 41c up to the layer, the fiber angle is 30 ° with respect to the Z axis.
Then, it is −30 ° in the portion 41d of the fifth to twelfth layers from the inside of the prepreg sheet. The size of the fiber angle is not limited to the above value, and may satisfy different relationships, and the number of the layer in which the fiber angle is different is not limited to the above example. Also in the third modified example, the fiber angle of the pipe-shaped structure 41 is partially different in the circumferential direction as described above, and
Since the portions having different fiber angles are part of the circumferential portion in the thickness direction, a deviation occurs between the geometric main axis and the elastic main axis, and the same effect as the first embodiment is produced. . In the fourth modification shown in FIG. 20, the pipe-shaped structure 51 is formed by laminating 12 layers of prepreg sheets, and the fiber angle is different in the thickness direction (r direction). That is, the fiber angle is 60 ° with respect to the Z axis (geometric main axis) in the portion 51a in the range from the first layer to the sixth layer inside the prepreg sheet, regardless of θ, while the prepreg sheet In the portion 51b in the range from the sixth layer to the twelfth layer, the fiber angle varies depending on the circumferential direction,
In the part 51c where ° ≦ θ <180 °, the fiber angle is −
At 30 °, the fiber angle is 30 in the part 51d where 180 ° ≦ θ <360 °
°. The fiber angles are not limited to the above values and may be different from each other, and the number of layers in which the fiber angles are different is not limited to the above example. As described above also in the fourth modified example, the fiber angles of the pipe-shaped structure 51 are partially different in the circumferential direction, and the different fiber angles are at least part of the circumferential direction in the thickness direction. Therefore, the elastic principal axis is displaced from the geometrical principal axis, and the same effect as that of the first embodiment is produced. In case of only fiber reinforced rubber In the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 21, a pipe-shaped structure is used.
61 consists only of fiber reinforced rubber. As shown in FIG. 22, the fiber-reinforced rubber has a high elastic modulus in the direction X of the fiber F in the state of the rubber sheet 62 containing the fiber F, and a relatively low elasticity in the direction Y orthogonal to the fiber F. And has mechanical anisotropy. The fiber reinforced rubber is the above-mentioned FRP.
Compared with, it has a low elastic modulus and a low rigidity, and it is greatly deformed by a small force. As shown in FIG. 23, the pipe-shaped structure 61 is obtained by laminating a rubber sheet 62 obtained by dividing the pipe-shaped structure 61 in the circumferential direction on a mandrel 63, and then lapping tape made of cloth (not shown). After being wound and pressed, it is vulcanized and molded into a pipe-shaped structure. In the pipe-shaped structure 61 of the second embodiment, the angle of the fiber F of the fiber reinforced rubber is the same as that of the first embodiment, and 0 ° ≦
In the part 61a where θ <180 °, all the fiber angles are 30 ° relative to Z degree regardless of R and Z, and the part 61a where 180 ° ≦ θ <360 °
In b, it is −30 °, and the fiber angle is not limited to the above value as in the case of FRP.It is sufficient if the fiber angles of the portion 61a and the portion 61b satisfy different relationships, and if the fiber angle is different, The division of the parts to be made is not limited to the above example. Next, the operational characteristics of the second embodiment will be described. As in the case of the first embodiment described above, as shown in FIG. 5, one end of the pipe-shaped structure 61 is a fixed end 61c and the other end is a free end 61d, and the jig 12 as shown in FIG. When the load that does not pass through the point on the elastic main axis E is applied downward by fitting the
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 9, the pipe-shaped structure 61 is bent as shown by a chain line. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, when a jig 15 is fitted on the tip and a weight is hung down by the jig 15, a downward load is applied so as to pass through a point Q on the elastic main axis E. Further, as shown by the chain line in FIG. 11, it is bent, but is not twisted. At this time, since the pipe-shaped structure 61 of the second embodiment is made of only fiber reinforced rubber, it can be largely deformed with a small load as compared with the first embodiment (made of FRP only). Also in the pipe-shaped structure made of only the fiber reinforced rubber, the fiber angle and the division of the parts having different fiber angles are the same as in the case of the first to fourth modified examples of the pipe-shaped structure made of the FRP only. Different ways can be made. 2) In the case of using two kinds of materials having anisotropy In the case of using fiber-reinforced rubber and rubber having orientation, No. 3 of the pipe-shaped structure of the present invention shown in FIGS. 24 to 26
An example is shown, and in the pipe-shaped structure 65, 0 ° ≦ θ <180
As shown in Fig. 25, the portion 65a at ° has a fiber angle α ₁₁ = 3.
Made of 0 ° fiber reinforced rubber, while 180 ° ≦ θ <360 °
As shown in FIG. 26, the portion 65b is made of rubber having orientation such that the orientation direction H forms an angle β ₁₁ = −30 ° with the Z axis. The rubber having the above-mentioned orientation has a high elastic modulus and a high rigidity in the orientation direction, and a low elastic modulus in the direction orthogonal to the orientation direction,
A rubber with low rigidity. In this embodiment, the rubber having orientation includes 100 parts by weight of base rubber, 3 to 100 parts by weight of metal salt of α, β-unsaturated fatty acid, and 0.5 to 5.0 parts by weight of organic peroxide. A rubber composition which does not contain an imparting agent is kneaded by applying a shearing force in one direction and then vulcanized to obtain a rubber composition. The pipe-shaped structure 65, the sheet-shaped fiber reinforced rubber and the rubber having orientation are laminated on the mandrel and charged in a mold in the same manner as in the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 23.
Then, it is vulcanized and molded to form a pipe. Similarly to the first embodiment described above, the pipe-shaped structure 65 of the third embodiment also exhibits a special deformation behavior of twisting when bent and bending when twisted. FIG. 27 shows a modification of the third embodiment, in which a pipe-shaped structure 66 according to the modification is formed by stacking five layers of sheets, and is 0 °.
The orientation 66 is 3 in the portion 66a where ≦ θ <60 and 120 ° ≦ θ <360 °.
One to five layers of rubber sheets having 0 ° orientation are arranged. On the other hand, in the portion 66b where 60 ° ≦ θ <120 °,
In the portion 66c from the first layer to the second layer, the rubber having the orientation of 30 ° is arranged, but the portion from the third layer to the fifth layer
66d is formed by laminating fiber reinforced rubber having an angle between the fiber angle and the geometric main axis of −30 °. The modification of the third embodiment also exhibits the same special deformation behavior as that of the first embodiment. Also in the pipe-shaped structure made of a combination of the fiber-reinforced rubber and the rubber having orientation, not only the above-described modification example but also the case of the first modification example to the fourth modification example of the first embodiment, The fiber angle of the fiber reinforced rubber and the orientation direction of the rubber having the orientation, and the manner of dividing the fiber angle and the orientation direction can be variously different. When made of FRP and fiber reinforced rubber Pipe-like structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
In 67, the part 67a where 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° has a fiber angle of 30 °
On the other hand, the portion 67b of 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° is made of fiber reinforced rubber having a fiber angle of −30 °. The pipe-shaped structure 67 of the fourth embodiment also exhibits a special deformation behavior as in the first embodiment. FIG. 29 shows a modification of the fourth embodiment. In the pipe-shaped structure 68 of the fourth modification, 0 ° ≦ θ <60 ° and 120 ° ≦ θ <360.
The 68 ° portion 68a is made of fiber reinforced rubber having a fiber angle of 30 ° regardless of r. On the other hand, in the portion 68b where 60 ° ≦ θ <120 °,
A sheet of fiber reinforced rubber having a fiber angle of 30 ° is arranged in the inner peripheral portion 68c, while an outer peripheral portion 68d is made of FRP having a fiber angle of −30 °. When it is composed of FRP and rubber having orientation, the pipe-shaped structure according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
In 70, the part 70a where 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° has a fiber angle of 30 °
On the other hand, the portion 70b of 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° is made of FRP, and the orientation direction is −30 ° made of rubber having orientation. The pipe-shaped structure of the fifth embodiment also exhibits a special deformation behavior as in the first embodiment. Incidentally, also in the case of the fifth embodiment, the fiber angle, the orientation direction, and
The way to make them different can be variously changed as in the first embodiment. 3) Case of material having three anisotropies of FRP, fiber reinforced rubber and oriented rubber FIG. 31 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and a pipe-shaped structure according to the sixth embodiment. Reference numeral 71 is a laminate of 10 layers of sheets. FRP with a fiber angle of 30 ° in the portion 71a from the inner periphery of 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° to the 5th layer, and from 6th layer to 10th layer 0
The part 71b with ° ≦ θ <180 ° is made of a fiber-reinforced rubber having a fiber angle of 30 °, and the part 180c ≦ θ <360 ° is made of rubber having an orientation of −30 °. The pipe-shaped structure of the sixth embodiment also exhibits a special deformation behavior as in the first embodiment. Also in the case of the sixth embodiment, the fiber angle, the orientation direction, and the way to divide them can be variously changed as in the first embodiment. 4) Combining anisotropic material and isotropic material made of the same material Combining FRP and isotropic resin containing no reinforcing fiber In the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Related pipe-shaped structure
In 72, the portion 72a of 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° is an isotropic resin that does not contain ordinary fibers and has no mechanical anisotropy. On the other hand, the part 72b where 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° is the FRP with a fiber angle of 30 °.
Is. In the pipe-shaped structure 73 according to the modified example of the seventh embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 33, 0 ° ≦ θ <60 ° and 120 ° ≦ θ <360 °
The portion 73a is made of a resin containing no fiber. Meanwhile, 60
In the portion 73b where ° ≦ θ <120 °, the outer peripheral portion 73c has a fine angle 3
The FRP of 0 ° and the other portion 73d is made of resin containing no fiber. The pipe-shaped structures 72, 73 of the seventh embodiment and its modifications
Shows a special deformation behavior similar to that of the first embodiment described above. In the case where the fiber-reinforced rubber and the isotropic rubber containing no fiber are combined, the pipe-shaped structure according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 34.
In the case of 74, the portion 74a where 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° is made of the above-mentioned usual rubber having no mechanical anisotropy. On the other hand, 180 ° ≦
The portion 74b where θ <360 ° is made of fiber reinforced rubber having a fiber angle of 30 °. 35. Composed of a combination of fiber reinforced rubber, oriented rubber and isotropic rubber. FIG. 35 shows a pipe-shaped structure 75 according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. ≤ θ <60 and 120
The portion 75a where ° ≦ θ <360 ° is made of the above-mentioned normal rubber that does not have mechanical anisotropy. On the other hand, in the portion 75b of 60 ° ≦ θ <120 °, the outer peripheral portion 75c is made of fiber-reinforced rubber having a fiber angle of 30 °, and the other portion 75d is made of rubber having an orientation of 30 °. The pipe-shaped structures of the eighth and ninth embodiments also show the special deformation behavior similar to that of the first embodiment. It should be noted that the first embodiment is based on a combination of an anisotropic material and an isotropic material made of the same material, and in any case, the fiber angle and orientation direction of the anisotropic material, and how to make them different Similarly, various differences can be made. 5) Combining anisotropic material and isotropic material made of different materials Combining FRP and isotropic rubber containing no fiber FIG. 36 shows a tenth embodiment of the present invention. Pipe-like structure
80 is a FRP with a fiber angle of 30 ° in the portion 80a where 0 ° ≦ θ <60 °,
The part 80b of 180 ° ≦ θ <240 ° is the FRP with a fiber angle of −30 °, and the remaining part is 60 ° ≦ θ <180 ° and 240 ° ≦ θ <360.
The 80 ° portion 80c is made of rubber having no mechanical anisotropy. In the case of comprising a combination of a fiber reinforced rubber and an isotropic resin containing no fiber FIG. 37 shows an eleventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pipe-shaped structure
In 81, a portion 81a in which 0 ° ≦ θ <60 ° has a fiber reinforced rubber with a fiber angle of 30 °, and a portion 81b in which 180 ° ≦ θ <240 ° has a fiber angle of −30.
Fiber reinforced rubber of °, the rest, ie 60 ° ≦ θ <180
° and 240 ° ≤ θ <360 ° consist of a resin that has no mechanical anisotropy. Descriptions of combinations other than the above and combinations will be omitted. Even when the anisotropic material and the isotropic material of different materials described above are combined, the fiber angle and / or the orientation direction of the pipe-shaped structure are partially different in the circumferential direction,
Since the portion where the fiber angle and / or the orientation direction is different is at least a portion in the thickness direction of the circumferential portion and is a portion which is symmetrical with respect to the geometric main axis of the pipe-shaped structure, A special deformation behavior similar to that of the first embodiment can be generated.

[Experimental example]

本発明に係るパイプ状構造物の力学的特性を調べる為
に、曲げを加えた場合の変形量を測定する実験を行っ
た。尚、本実験では、第１実施例のFRPのみからなるパイプ
状構造物と第２実施例の繊維強化ゴムのみからなるパイ
プ状構造物の２種類のパイプについて実験を行った。第１実施例については、上記した第２図の部分11aの繊
維の方向がすべて幾何学的主軸に対して夫々α_１＝20
°、30°、50°となるようにプリプレグシートを12枚積
層して構成し、他の部分11bは繊維の方向が夫々β_１＝
−20°、−30°、−50°となるように同じくプリプレリ
グシートを12枚積層して構成した３本のパイプ状構造物
について行った。また、パイプ状構造物の寸法は夫々長
さがＬ＝450mm、内径がφ_１＝16mm、外径がφ_２＝19mm
である。第２実施例については、上記した第21図の部分61aの繊
維の方向がすべて幾何学的主軸に対して夫々20°、30°
となるように厚さ0.85mmのゴムシートを12枚積層すると
共に、他の部分61bでは繊維角度が夫々−20°、−30°
となるように同じくゴムシートを12枚積層し、加硫缶を
使用して140℃、１時間の条件で加硫して構成した２本
のパイプ状構造物についておこなった。また、パイプ状
構造物の寸法は、Ｌ＝400mm、内径がφ_１＝16mm、外径
がφ_２＝36mmである。実験方法は、第38図に示すように、パイプ状構造物11、
61の一端をチャックによりしっかりと締付けて固定端11
c、61cとし、他端を自由端11d、61dとして、固定端11
c、61cよりパイプ状構造物11がＬ′＝400mm（第１実施
例）、350mm（第２実施例）突出した状態とした。そし
て、第６図に示す治具12を用いて上記自由端11d、61dと
幾何学的主軸Ｇの交点を着力点として、鉛直方向に重り
ＷによりFRPのみからなるパイプ状構造物には荷重Ｐ＝
2.7、6.3kg、繊維強化ゴムからなるパイプ状構造物には
荷重Ｐ＝0.5kg、1.0kgを加え、上記自由端11d、61dに水
平に取付けた指針14の先端の垂直方向の変位からたわみ
量及びねじれ角を算出した。上記した実験の結果は、第１実施列のFRPのみからなる
パイプ状構造物については表１に、第２実施例の繊維強
化ゴムのみからなるパイプ状構造物については表２に示
す。上記実験結果を示す表より明らかなように、第１実施例
のFRPのみからなる場合、および第２実施例の繊維強化
ゴムのみからなる場合のいずれも、曲げのみをかけたに
もかかわらず、たわみかつ、ねじれることが確認でき
た。また、実験結果より、幾何学的主軸Ｇに対する弾性主軸
Ｅのずれε（第39図に図示）は、繊維の配向角度に応じ
て、表１、表２に示すような値でパイプの固定端より突
出する突出部の長さＬ′に対して、自由端のずれが15％
以上であることが判明した。上記の結果より、繊維の角度を制御することにより、た
わみ量、ねじれ角及び弾性主軸のずれを調節することが
出来ることが確認できた。更に、表１、表２のたわみ量及びねじれ角を比較する
と、FRPのみからなるパイプ状構造物と比較して、繊維
強化ゴムのみからなるパイプ状構造物は、小さい荷重で
より大きく変形しており、繊維強化ゴムからなるパイプ
状構造物は小さい力で大きな変形を得られることが確認
できた。第40図及び第41図は、上記第１実施例のFRPのみからな
るパイプ状構造物（固定端から自由端までの距離:L′＝
400mm、内径：φ_１＝16mm、外径：φ_２＝19mm）と上記
第２実施例の繊維強化ゴム（FRR）のみからなるパイプ
状構造（固定端から自由端までの距離:L′＝350mm、内
径：φ_１＝16mm、外径：φ_２＝36mm）に同一荷重（Ｐ＝
0.5、2.7kg）を荷重をかけた場合の配向角とねじれ角及
びたわみ量の関係を示している。上記パイプ状構造物の肉厚は、繊維強化ゴムで10mm、FR
Pが1.5mmで、繊維強化ゴムはFRPに比較して6.6倍である
が、第40図及び第41図に示すように、繊維強化ゴムに対
して荷重（Ｐ）0.5kg、FRPに対して荷重（Ｐ）2.7kgを
加えた場合、即ち、繊維強化ゴムに対してFRPの約1/5の
荷重しか加えなかった場合を比較しても、ねじれ及びた
わみは繊維強化ゴムの方がFRPよりはるかに大きく、繊
維強化ゴムのみからなるパイプ状構造物はFRPのみから
なるパイプ状構造物と比較して容易に変形することが確
認された。効果以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明に係るパイプ状
構造物は、繊維角度及び／又は配向方向を周方向で部分
的に異ならせると共に、この繊維角度及び／又は配向方
向が異なる部分が上記周方向の部分における厚さ方向の
少なくとも一部分としており、たとえば、幾何学的主軸
の対して対称な部分の繊維角度を相違させ、あるいは、
上記一部分のみを配向性を有する材料により構成して他
の部分を異方性を有しない材料から構成しているため、
幾何学的主軸と弾性主軸にずれが生じ、一端を固定端、
他端を自由端とした場合に、弾性主軸上にある点を通ら
ない荷重を加えた場合にはたわみが生じると共にねじれ
が生じ、弾性主軸上にある点を通るように荷重を加えた
場合にはたわみが生じるのみでねじれないという、特殊
な変形挙動を生じさせることが出来る。また、本発明に係るパイプ状構造物は、繊維の幾何学的
主軸に対する角度や、繊維の幾何学的主軸に対する角度
が等しい部分の周方向の部分の分けかたを変えることに
より、上記の幾何学的主軸に対する弾性主軸のずれの量
を容易に変えることが可能である。よって、繊維を含有
して強化された異方性材料の力学的特性による特異な変
形挙動を利用して、種々の産業上の分野に利用出来るも
のである。In order to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention, an experiment was conducted to measure the amount of deformation when bending was applied. In this experiment, two types of pipes, that is, the pipe-shaped structure composed only of FRP of the first embodiment and the pipe-shaped structure composed only of fiber reinforced rubber of the second embodiment were tested. In the first embodiment, the fiber directions of the portion 11a in FIG. 2 are all α ₁ = 20 with respect to the geometric main axis.
12 prepreg sheets are laminated so that the angles are 30 °, 30 °, and 50 °, and the fiber direction of the other portion 11b is β ₁ =
It carried out about three pipe-shaped structures comprised by laminating 12 pieces of the same prepreg sheet so that it may become -20 degrees, -30 degrees, and -50 degrees. The dimensions of the pipe-shaped structures are L = 450 mm in length, φ ₁ = 16 mm in inner diameter, and φ ₂ = 19 mm in outer diameter.
Is. In the second embodiment, the fiber directions of the portion 61a in FIG. 21 are all 20 ° and 30 ° with respect to the geometrical principal axis.
12 rubber sheets with a thickness of 0.85 mm are laminated so that the fiber angles are −20 ° and −30 ° in the other portion 61b, respectively.
In the same manner as above, 12 rubber sheets were laminated, and two pipe-shaped structures each constituted by vulcanizing at 140 ° C. for 1 hour using a vulcanizing can were used. The dimensions of the pipe-shaped structure are L = 400 mm, the inner diameter is φ ₁ = 16 mm, and the outer diameter is φ ₂ = 36 mm. As shown in FIG. 38, the experimental method is as follows:
Firmly tighten one end of 61 with a chuck and
c, 61c, the other ends are free ends 11d, 61d, and the fixed end 11
The pipe-shaped structure 11 was projected from Lc = 400 mm (first embodiment) and 350 mm (second embodiment) from c and 61c. Then, using the jig 12 shown in FIG. 6, the load P is applied to the pipe-shaped structure composed only of FRP by the weight W in the vertical direction, with the intersection of the free ends 11d and 61d and the geometrical main axis G as the force application point. =
2.7, 6.3 kg, the load P = 0.5 kg, 1.0 kg is applied to the pipe-shaped structure made of fiber reinforced rubber, and the amount of deflection from the vertical displacement of the tip of the pointer 14 horizontally attached to the free ends 11d and 61d is increased. And the twist angle were calculated. The results of the above-described experiment are shown in Table 1 for the pipe-shaped structure made of only FRP of the first embodiment row and in Table 2 for the pipe-shaped structure made of only the fiber reinforced rubber of the second embodiment. As is clear from the table showing the above experimental results, both the case of only the FRP of the first example and the case of only the fiber reinforced rubber of the second example were subjected to bending only, It was confirmed that it was flexible and twisted. From the experimental results, the displacement ε (illustrated in FIG. 39) of the elastic principal axis E with respect to the geometrical principal axis G has values as shown in Tables 1 and 2 depending on the orientation angle of the fiber, and the fixed end of the pipe. The deviation of the free end is 15% with respect to the protruding length L '
It turned out to be the above. From the above results, it was confirmed that the deflection amount, the twist angle, and the deviation of the elastic main axis can be adjusted by controlling the fiber angle. Further, comparing the deflection amounts and the twist angles in Tables 1 and 2, the pipe-shaped structure made only of fiber reinforced rubber was more deformed by a small load than the pipe-shaped structure made only of FRP. Therefore, it was confirmed that the pipe-shaped structure made of fiber reinforced rubber can obtain a large deformation with a small force. 40 and 41 show a pipe-shaped structure made of only the FRP of the first embodiment (distance from fixed end to free end: L '=
400 mm, inner diameter: φ ₁ = 16 mm, outer diameter: φ ₂ = 19 mm) and a pipe-shaped structure consisting only of the fiber reinforced rubber (FRR) of the second embodiment (distance from fixed end to free end: L ′ = 350 mm) , Inner diameter: φ ₁ = 16 mm, outer diameter: φ ₂ = 36 mm) with the same load (P =
The relationship between the orientation angle, the helix angle, and the amount of deflection when a load of 0.5, 2.7 kg) is applied is shown. The wall thickness of the pipe-shaped structure is 10 mm with fiber reinforced rubber, FR
Although P is 1.5 mm and the fiber reinforced rubber is 6.6 times as large as that of FRP, as shown in Fig. 40 and Fig. 41, the load (P) is 0.5 kg for fiber reinforced rubber and for FRP. Even when a load (P) of 2.7 kg is applied, that is, a load of only about 1/5 of FRP is applied to the fiber-reinforced rubber, the twist and the flexure of the fiber-reinforced rubber are larger than those of the FRP. It was confirmed that the pipe-shaped structure, which is much larger and made only of fiber reinforced rubber, deforms more easily than the pipe-shaped structure made of FRP only. Effects As is clear from the above description, in the pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention, the fiber angle and / or the orientation direction is partially different in the circumferential direction, and the fiber angle and / or orientation direction is different. At least a portion in the thickness direction of the circumferential portion, for example, different fiber angle of the symmetrical portion with respect to the geometric main axis, or
Since only one part is composed of a material having orientation and the other part is composed of a material having no anisotropy,
There is a gap between the geometric main axis and the elastic main axis, and one end is fixed,
When the other end is a free end, when a load that does not pass through a point on the elastic spindle is applied, bending occurs and twist occurs, and when a load is applied so as to pass through a point on the elastic spindle. It is possible to cause a special deformation behavior in which only bending occurs and no twist occurs. Further, the pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention has the above-mentioned geometrical shape by changing the angle with respect to the geometrical main axis of the fiber and the division of the portion in the circumferential direction where the angle with respect to the geometrical main axis of the fiber is equal. It is possible to easily change the amount of deviation of the elastic main axis from the geometrical main axis. Therefore, it can be used in various industrial fields by utilizing the unique deformation behavior due to the mechanical characteristics of the anisotropic material reinforced by containing fibers.

[Brief description of drawings]

第１図は本発明に係るパイプ状構造物の実施例を表す斜
視図、第２図は本発明の第１実施例を示す第１図のC-C
線での断面図、第３図及び第４図は第１実施例の繊維方
向を示す概略図、第５図はパイプ状構造物の一端を固定
端とした状態を示す斜視図、第６図及び第７図は治具の
取付けを示す斜視図、第８図から第11図はパイプ状構造
物の自由端に荷重を加えた場合の変形を示す概略図、第
12図は第１実施例の第１変形例を示す第１図のC-C線で
の断面図、第13図及び第14図は第１変形例の繊維方向を
示す概略図、第15図は第１実施例の第２変形例を示す第
１図のC-C線での断面図、第16図から第18図は第２変形
例の繊維方向を示す概略図、第19図及び第20図は夫々第
１実施例の第３変形例及び第４変形例を示す第１図のC-
C線での断面図、第21図は第２実施例示す第１図のC-C線
での断面図、第22図は繊維強化ゴムのゴムシートを示す
斜視図、第23図はマンドレルへのゴムシートの積層を示
す斜視図、第24図は第３実施例を示す第１図のC-C線で
の断面図、第25図及び第26図は第３実施例の繊維角度及
び配向方向を示す概略図、第27図は第３実施例の変形例
を示す第１図のC-C線での断面図、第28図及び第29図は
第４実施例及びその変形例を示す第１図のC-C線での断
面図、第30図及び第31図は夫々第５及び第６実施例を示
す第１図のC-C線での断面図、第32図及び第33図は第７
実施例及びその変形例を示す第１図のC-C線での断面
図、第34図から第37図は夫々第８実施例から第11実施例
を示す第１図のC-C線での断面図、第38図は本発明に係
るパイプ状構造物の実験装置を示す概略図、第39図は自
由端での幾何学的主軸の弾性主軸に対するずれを示す概
略図（第38図を上方から見た図）、第40図及び第41図は
それぞれ配向角とねじれ角及びたわみ量の関係を示す線
図、第42図から第45図は等方性材料からなるパイプ状構
造物の自由端に荷重を加えた場合の変形を示す概略図で
ある。 11、21、31、41、51、61 65、66、67、68、70、71、72、73、74、75、80、81……
パイプ状構造物、11c、61c……固定端、11d、61d……自
由端、Ｇ……幾何学的主軸、Ｅ……弾性主軸、Ｆ……繊
維Ｈ……配向方向。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a CC of FIG. 1 showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a schematic view showing the fiber direction of the first embodiment, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which one end of the pipe-shaped structure is a fixed end, and FIG. And FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the attachment of the jig, and FIGS. 8 to 11 are schematic views showing the deformation when a load is applied to the free end of the pipe-shaped structure,
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 1 showing a first modification of the first embodiment, FIGS. 13 and 14 are schematic views showing the fiber direction of the first modification, and FIG. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1 showing a second modification of the first embodiment, FIGS. 16 to 18 are schematic views showing fiber directions of the second modification, and FIGS. 19 and 20 are respectively. C- of FIG. 1 showing a third modified example and a fourth modified example of the first embodiment
Sectional view taken along line C, FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1 showing the second embodiment, FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing a rubber sheet of fiber reinforced rubber, and FIG. 23 is rubber for a mandrel. FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing stacking of sheets, FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1 showing a third embodiment, and FIGS. 25 and 26 are schematic views showing fiber angles and orientation directions of the third embodiment. FIG. 27 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 1 showing a modification of the third embodiment, and FIGS. 28 and 29 are views taken along line CC of FIG. 1 showing the fourth embodiment and its modification. 30 and 31 are sectional views taken along line CC of FIG. 1 showing the fifth and sixth embodiments, respectively, and FIGS. 32 and 33 are sectional views of FIG.
Sectional drawing taken along the line CC in FIG. 1 showing an embodiment and its modification, and FIGS. 34 to 37 are sectional views taken along the line CC in FIG. 1 showing the eighth to eleventh embodiments, respectively. FIG. 38 is a schematic view showing an experimental device for a pipe-shaped structure according to the present invention, and FIG. 39 is a schematic view showing a deviation of a geometrical main axis from an elastic main axis at a free end (see FIG. 38 from above). Fig. 40, Fig. 40 and Fig. 41 are diagrams showing the relationship between the orientation angle, the twist angle and the amount of deflection, respectively. Fig. 42 to Fig. 45 are the load on the free end of the pipe-shaped structure made of isotropic material. It is a schematic diagram showing a modification when adding. 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81 ...
Pipe-like structure, 11c, 61c ... Fixed end, 11d, 61d ... Free end, G ... Geometric main axis, E ... Elastic main axis, F ... Fiber H ... Orientation direction.

Claims

[Claims]

1. A pipe-shaped structure made of a fiber-reinforced resin having a partially different fiber angle in the circumferential direction, and the part having the different fiber angle serves as at least a part of the circumferential part in the thickness direction. FRP characterized in that the elastic principal axis of the structure is different from the geometrical principal axis
Pipe-shaped structure made of steel.

2. A pipe-shaped structure made of fiber reinforced rubber having a partially different fiber angle in the circumferential direction, and the part having the different fiber angle is at least part of the circumferential direction in the thickness direction of the pipe. A pipe-shaped structure made of fiber-reinforced rubber, characterized in that the elastic main axis of the structure is different from the geometrical main axis.

3. The portion having different fiber angles is a portion symmetric with respect to the geometric main axis of the pipe-shaped structure.
Alternatively, the pipe-shaped structure according to claim 2.

4. Fibers with respect to a geometric main axis of a portion of 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° and a portion of 180 ° ≦ θ <360 ° when the cylindrical coordinates are taken with respect to the pipe-shaped structure. The pipe-shaped structure according to claim 3, wherein the angles are different.

5. When the fiber angle of the portion of 0 ° ≦ θ <180 ° is oriented in the positive direction with respect to the geometrical principal axis, 180 °
The pipe-shaped structure according to claim 4, wherein the fiber angle of the portion of ≦ θ <360 ° is oriented in a direction that is negative with respect to the geometric main axis.

6. A pipe-shaped structure in which two or more kinds of materials having three kinds of anisotropy, that is, a fiber-reinforced resin, a fiber-reinforced rubber, and a rubber having an orientation are combined, the pipe-shaped structure The orientation direction of the rubber having the fiber angle and / or orientation of the structure is partially different in the circumferential direction, and the portion having the different fiber angle and / or orientation direction is at least the thickness direction in the circumferential portion. As a part,
A pipe-shaped structure characterized in that an elastic main axis of the pipe-shaped structure is different from a geometrical main axis.

7. A fiber reinforced resin, a fiber reinforced rubber, a rubber having orientation, for each of three types of anisotropic materials, or for a combination of two or more types of materials,
What is claimed is: 1. A pipe-shaped structure comprising a combination of a fiber-free resin and a fiber-free rubber, wherein the rubber has a fiber angle and / or orientation of the pipe-shaped structure. While partially different in the direction,
A pipe-shaped structure characterized in that the elastic main axis of the pipe-shaped structure is different from the geometrical main axis by using the portion having different fiber angles and / or orientations as at least a portion in the thickness direction of the circumferential portion. Structure.

8. The fiber reinforced resin or the fiber reinforced rubber as set forth above, wherein in the part where the fiber angle is partially different, the fiber angle in the part is uniform in the thickness direction, circumferential direction and length direction of the pipe. The pipe-shaped structure according to any one of items.

9. The pipe-shaped structure is formed by laminating a resin sheet containing fibers or a rubber sheet containing fibers, including a portion where the fiber angles are partially different. The pipe-shaped structure according to any one of the preceding claims.