JPH0732625Y2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial field of application) The present invention relates to a shield machine used for excavating underground roads, railways, sewers, tunnels, common ditches and the like.

(Prior art) In recent years, the urban environment has become more and more complicated due to the sophistication of urban functions, and even for construction work in urban areas, the effect on neighboring structures and buried structures, traffic obstruction, noise,
Regulations on regional environmental issues such as vibration are also being strengthened.

For these reasons, tunnels such as subways, water and sewage systems, and caverns for power and communication cables that are built underground in urban areas are often constructed by the shield construction method.

However, since the subway station, artificial installation of water and sewerage and the connection of power and communication cables require a tunnel space larger than the tunnel cross section of a normal diameter, such a widened portion of the tunnel is Conventionally, it has been dealt with by constructing tunnels by using the excavation method, or by adding pits. For this reason, there is a problem that it has a great influence on the surrounding structures and the environment as described above, and not only prolongs the construction period, but also increases the construction cost.

Therefore, in order to solve these problems, an excavation method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-98595 is proposed as shown in FIG.

This is, after performing the primary shield by the conventional shield construction method, locally expanding and excavating the planned expansion area, and assembling the expanding shield machine 1'in the expanding excavation portion m ', and the primary shield in front. The enlarged portion M'is excavated while sequentially removing the segments n '.

(Issues to be solved by the invention) However, the above-mentioned excavation method must be assembled in place of the ordinary shield excavator in the planned expansion area instead of the ordinary shield excavator. Therefore, there is a problem that the construction period is prolonged and the construction cost is increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to shorten the construction period by freely expanding or reducing the excavation width when excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section or an oval cross section. An object of the present invention is to provide a shield machine that can reduce the construction cost.

(Means for Achieving the Object) The configuration of the means of the present invention for achieving the above object is a pair of shield units provided with a cutter mechanism at the tips thereof, the tips being displaced forward and backward in the excavation direction, And a shield machine in which adjacent side portions of the shield unit are connected in a front-back overlapping manner without being separated from each other in a front view, and a plurality of telescopic jacks are provided at a connecting portion of the pair of shield units. Together with the ground side of the pair of shield units, a plurality of reaction force jacks for applying a reaction force to the ground are provided, and the pair of shield units are horizontally or The cutter mechanism is capable of expanding and contracting in a vertical direction, and the cutter mechanism includes a pair of a drum cutter and a ring cutter, respectively. Characterized in that a plurality of cutters are arranged, and the cutter mechanism has a cutter formed by arranging a plurality of cutter units each consisting of a pair of drum cutters and ring cutters, and is arranged in front of the cutters. And a face plate cutter.

(Operation) Thus, according to the above configuration, the shield machine is freely expanded and contracted by expanding and contracting the telescopic jack during excavation of the tunnel. Then, when expanding in one direction, extend the reaction force jack provided on the shield unit on the opposite side of the shield unit to be expanded and apply a reaction force to the excavated ground to make the shield unit on the opposite side to the expansion direction. The shield unit in the width-extending direction is extended by fixing it and gradually extending the telescopic jack. When contracting, the reaction force jack provided on the contracting shield unit is extended to apply a reaction force to the excavated ground, and the telescopic jack is contracted to reduce the shield machine.

As described above, the pair of shield units constituting the shield machine can be freely expanded and contracted by the interaction between the telescopic jack and the reaction jack.

In this case, the front end portions of the respective shield units are displaced forward and backward in the excavation direction, and the adjacent side portions of the respective shield units are overlapped forward and backward without being separated from each other in a front view. Therefore, widening excavation can be performed by completely eliminating the unexposed portion in the excavated cross section.

Further, by arranging an appropriate number of cutter units to configure the cutter mechanism, it is possible to provide a shield machine suitable for widening excavation of a tunnel having an arbitrary excavation width, particularly a rectangular tunnel having a large cross section.

Furthermore, by arranging the face plate cutters that excavate a circular cross section, it becomes possible to perform widening excavation of a tunnel having a so-called oval cross section.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a shield machine A, in which a pair of shield units 1a and 1b having a cutter mechanism 2 at a tip end thereof are horizontally expandably connected to form a shield machine main body 1. The shield machine body 1 is provided with a telescopic jack 3 and a reaction force jack 3a.

The shield machine body 1 is composed of a front shield unit 1a and a rear shield unit 1b. The side portion of the rear shield unit 1b is inserted and connected to the side opening of the front shield unit 1a. The mechanism 2a and the cutter 2b mechanism of the rear shield unit 1b are provided in a state of being displaced front and back.

A seal material C such as a rubber packing is provided at the connecting portion between the front shield unit 1a and the rear shield unit 1b. Then, on the inner peripheral surface of the rear shield unit 1b, a tail packing 17 including a pair of ring packings 17a and a slide packing 17b provided between the ring packings 17a is provided.

The tail packing 17 is a plate-shaped or hollow rubber material, and when it is formed of a hollow rubber material, an internal pressure is applied to the hollow portion 17c with air, water, oil or the like to further enhance the water blocking effect. I have to.

The tail packing 17 slides with the expansion and contraction of the shield machine body 1 to prevent groundwater, earth and sand, etc. from flowing into the rear part of the shield machine body 1.

The shield machine body 1 is laterally expanded and contracted by expansion and contraction jacks 3 provided at appropriate intervals above and below the front shield unit 1a and the rear shield unit 1b.

Further, reaction force jacks 3a are provided on the upper and lower portions and the side portions of the front shield unit 1a and the rear shield unit 1b, and the tips of the reaction force jacks 3a extend from the upper and lower surfaces of the shield frame and the side opening portions 1c. Abut on the excavated ground n.

A packing 1d is also provided in the opening 1c to prevent groundwater, earth and sand, etc. from entering the shield machine body 1.

Both the telescopic jack 3 and the reaction force jack 3a are telescopically expanded and contracted, and the operation thereof can be freely performed at an operation section (not shown).

Further, partition walls m are formed in the front portions of the front and rear shield units 1a and the rear shield unit 1b with their adjacent ends overlapping in the front and back to form a pressure chamber R, and the pressure chamber R is formed. Cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b are provided on the front side, respectively.

As shown in the drawing, the cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b have a cutter mechanism 2a of the front shield unit 1a and a cutter mechanism 2b of the rear shield unit so that when the shield machine main body 1 contracts, adjacent side portions overlap each other in the front and rear direction. Are coupled to each other in a state of being displaced back and forth and not separated from each other in a front view.

The cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b are composed of a plurality of cutter units 5. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a total of eight sets of cutter units 5 of two rows in the horizontal direction and four rows in the vertical direction are arranged to form the cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b, and each of the cutter units 5 is formed. An overcutter 4d is provided on the side facing the natural ground.

The excavation width can be arbitrarily changed by appropriately changing the arrangement of the cutter units 5.

The overcutter 4d excavates the side surface of the excavation ground n when the shield machine A is expanded in the lateral direction.

As shown in FIG. 7, the cutter unit 5 includes a pair of drum cutters 6 rotatably attached to a shaft 5a pivotally supported by a gear case 9 at appropriate intervals, and a shaft 5b provided above and below the shaft 5a. Through drum cutter 6
It is composed of a pair of ring cutters 7 rotatably provided between them.

A cutter bit 4c for cutting the ground is provided in a spiral shape on the drum surface and the ring surface of the drum cutter 6 and the ring cutter 7.

Then, these cutter units 5 are rotated via a power transmission mechanism 8 by a drive motor M provided behind the partition wall m.

The power transmission mechanism 8 includes a gear case 9, a bevel gear 11 fixed to an output shaft 10 of the speed reducer, and various other gears 13,
It is composed of 14 and.

The bevel gear 11 meshes with another bevel gear 11a fixed to both ends of the shaft 11b, and the gear 12 is fixed to the center of the shaft 11b.

The gear 12 is connected to the gear 6a of the shaft 5a of the drum cutter 6 which is rotatably supported by the gear case 9 via various other gears 13 ,.

Also, the gear 6a of the shaft 5a of the drum cutter 6 is another gear.
It is connected via 14 to the gear 7a of the shaft 5b of the ring cutter 7, which is rotatably supported by the gear case 9 as described above.

Further, a mud pipe 15 is provided above the partition wall m of the front shield unit 1a and the rear shield unit 1b, and a mud discharge pipe 16 is provided below it.

Then, when the shield excavator A is moved forward while simultaneously rotating the drum cutter 6 and the ring cutter 7 via the various gears 13 by the drive motor M, a rectangular tunnel having an arbitrary excavation width is excavated. You can In this case, the excavation width can be arbitrarily changed by appropriately changing the arrangement of the cutter units 5.

In this way, the shield machine A normally excavates in a contracted state as shown in FIG. When excavating a subway station that needs to be widened or a joint part of a power cable buried underground, for example, as shown in Fig. 1,
When widening the rear shield unit 1b side, the reaction force jack 3a on the front shield unit 1a side is extended to apply a reaction force to the excavated ground n of the tunnel to fix the front shield unit 1a. Next, when the telescopic jack 3 is extended with the front shield unit 1a fixed, the rear shield unit 1b extends leftward by the length d.

In this case, the cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b that are overlapped with each other in the front-rear direction are also widened in the front-rear state without being separated from each other in a front view.

On the contrary to the above, when widening the front shield unit 1a side, the reaction jack 3a provided on the shield unit 1b is extended to apply a reaction force to the excavation ground n to extend the extension jack 3. You can do it.

When the widened shield machine A is contracted, the reaction force jack installed on the contracting side shield unit.
3a is extended to apply a reaction force to the excavated ground n,
The telescopic jack 3 is contracted and the shield unit on the contracted side is pulled toward the shield unit on the opposite side. At this time, the side parts of the adjacent cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b contract in the state where they overlap each other in the front-rear direction.

Therefore, if the shield machine A is arbitrarily expanded or contracted, the excavation width can be easily expanded or reduced during the excavation of the tunnel.

8 and 9 show a shield machine A in which the cutter mechanisms 2a and 2b are composed of a face plate cutter 4 and a plurality of cutter units 5, and four cutter units 5 are arranged in the horizontal direction. is there.

The face plate cutter 4 has a rotary shaft (not shown) connected to the drive motor M and is pivotally supported by the partition wall m, so that the front shield unit 1a.
Also, they are provided on both front sides of the rear shield unit 1b.

Further, the face plate 4a of the face plate cutter 4 has a slit for taking in earth and sand.
4b are radially formed, and a large number of cutter bits 4c are provided in the longitudinal direction of each slit 4b. Further, a plurality of overcutters 4d for excavating the side portion of the tunnel are provided on the peripheral edge of the face plate 4a.

The cutter unit 5 is composed of a pair of drum cutters 6 having appropriate intervals as described above, and a pair of ring cutters 7 rotatably provided above and below the drum cutters 6.

The shield machine A excavates a tunnel having an oval cross section, and enables widening excavation as in the above embodiment.

10 and 11 show a case where the cutter units 5 are arranged horizontally and vertically orthogonally to the excavation direction, and are orthogonal to the excavation direction horizontally inside the front shield unit 1a and the rear shield unit 1b. In this state, three sets (rows) are arranged in the vertical direction, and two sets (rows) are arranged in the vertical direction in a state of being orthogonal to the excavation direction perpendicular to the outside.

Similar to the above, this is because the front shield unit 1a and the rear shield unit 1b expand and contract in the lateral direction, so that the side portions of the cutter 2 which are displaced forward and backward overlap each other.

Such a shield machine A can also easily expand and reduce the excavation width during excavation of the tunnel. By appropriately changing the arrangement of the cutter units 5, a tunnel having a rectangular cross section can be excavated with an arbitrary excavation width.

The shield machine A of the present invention can be expanded and contracted not only in the lateral direction but also in the vertical direction as described above.

(Effect of the Invention) The present invention has the following effects by having the above-mentioned configuration.

A pair of shield units that are elastically connected in the horizontal or vertical direction can be expanded and contracted freely by the interaction between the expansion jack and the reaction jack provided on them, which enables wide excavation of large-section tunnels. Become.

Since the tip of each shield unit is shifted forward and backward in the direction of excavation, and the adjacent side parts of each shield unit are overlapped forward and backward without being separated from each other in front view, Widened excavation can be performed by completely eliminating the uncut portion in the cross section.

By fixing the shield machine body by applying a reaction force to the side wall of the tunnel with the reaction force jack, the shield machine can be freely expanded / contracted in any direction up / down / left / right.

By arranging an appropriate number of cutter units to configure the cutter mechanism, it is possible to provide a shield machine suitable for widening excavation of a tunnel having an arbitrary excavation width, in particular, a rectangular tunnel having a large cross section.

By arranging the face plate cutters for excavating a circular cross section, it became possible to perform widening excavation of a so-called oval cross section tunnel.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a sectional view of the shield machine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view thereof, FIG. 3 is a rear view thereof, FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a tail packing, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view thereof. 6 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the cutter unit, FIG. 7 is the same horizontal cross-sectional view, FIG. 8 is a perspective view in which the cutter mechanism is composed of a face plate cutter and a plurality of cutter units, and FIG. 9 is the same front view. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the cutter mechanism with the arrangement of the cutter units changed, FIG. 11 is a front view of the same, and FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a conventional excavation method. A: Shield excavator 1: Shield machine body 1a, 16: Shield unit 2: Cutter mechanism 3: Telescopic jack 3a: Reaction force jack 4: Face plate cutter 5: Cutter unit 6: Drum cutter 7: Ring cutter n: Excavation ground

Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-2-213591 (JP, A) JP-A-58-213992 (JP, A) JP-A-59-199998 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

[Scope of utility model registration request] Claim: What is claimed is: 1. A pair of shield units, each having a cutter mechanism at a tip end thereof, are provided so that the tip end portions thereof are displaced forward and backward in the excavation direction, and the adjacent side portions of the shield unit are not separated from each other in a front view. A shield machine that is connected in an overlapping state, wherein a plurality of telescopic jacks are provided at the connecting portion of the pair of shield units, and a reaction force is applied to the ground on the ground side of the pair of shield units. A shield machine, wherein a plurality of reaction force jacks are provided, and the pair of shield units can be expanded and contracted in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction by an interaction between the reaction force jacks and the telescopic jack. 2. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the cutter mechanism is formed by arranging a plurality of cutter units each including a pair of drum cutters and ring cutters. 3. The cutter mechanism comprises a cutter formed by arranging a plurality of cutter units each consisting of a pair of drum cutters and ring cutters, and a face plate cutter arranged in front of the cutter. The shield machine according to claim 1.