JPH07256804A - Composite material having three-dimensional structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a composite material having a three-dimensional structure lightweight and easy to handle even if thickness is relatively large and suitably usable in various industrial fields while putting characteristics such as air permeability or water permeability due to internal gaps to practical use by constituting a layer holding thickness using a net having a three-dimensional structure. CONSTITUTION:A sheet like article 2 having or not having air and water permeability is bonded to the single surface or both surfaces of a net 1 wherein string parts 12 demarcating mesh holes 11 form an air and water permeable substantially hollow three-dimensional structure. The net 1 is formed by braiding or weaving synthetic fiber yarns or the like and proper elasticity or flexibility is provided to the string parts 12. An air and water permeable gap holding material is held in the string parts 12.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a three-dimensional structural composite material using a three-dimensional net as a thickness retaining layer, more specifically, leisure clothing for sports and cold weather clothing, waterproof clothing such as rain goofs, sweat clothing, Cushion materials such as protectors, or composite materials that can be suitably used for bedding such as futons, also protective mats for cultivation and agriculture, water retaining mats and heat retaining sheets, composite materials that can be suitably used as water retaining mats for desert greening, and further The present invention relates to a three-dimensional structural composite material that can be widely and suitably used for civil engineering materials, construction materials, environmental protection materials, and various other industrial materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a relatively thick sheet-like material used in various industrial fields, elastic fabrics such as double knitted fabrics and non-woven fabrics have been known. Has been. There is also a sheet material having a composite structure in which a synthetic resin foam sheet or felt having elasticity is sandwiched between front and back materials. However, the thicker these fabrics are, the heavier they are, and the more difficult they are to fold and wind, making them difficult to handle.

Further, for example, as a material for clothing, a material in which feathers or cotton is sandwiched between front and back fabrics and quilted is known, and it is widely used for clothing for cold weather.

However, in the case of this quilting garment material, if the amount of feathers and cotton material inside is increased and the thickness is increased in order to improve the desired heat retaining effect, it becomes bulky and heavy, making it difficult to move, and wearing it. There is a drawback that the comfort of time is impaired. Further, the breathability may be impaired, the humidity in the clothes may become high, and the body may become hot and steamy, and there is a drawback that it is difficult to dry when the clothes get wet. When it is used for clothing for sports, etc., its cushioning property and stretchability are impaired and movement is hindered.

Also, in bedding such as a futon, if a large amount of feathers or batting is inserted in order to increase the heat retaining effect, the weight becomes heavy and the breathability deteriorates, resulting in poor comfort.

Further, synthetic resin foam sheets, which are often used as agricultural mats and heat insulation sheets, or as heat insulating materials for construction, have problems in light transmission and daylighting, and if the thickness is increased to increase the heat insulation effect. Since the handling such as folding becomes difficult, the thickness cannot be increased so much.

[0007] Furthermore, as a measure against the greening of the desert, for example, a porous pipe material is buried in the ground or arranged on the ground surface, and water is supplied to the surface stratum by passing water through the pipe material. However, it is difficult to control the amount of water supply, and the water supply location becomes local.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and by using a net having a special three-dimensional structure previously proposed by the present applicant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-187011) for a layer having a thickness, a comparison is made. Even if it has a large thickness, it is lightweight and easy to handle,
An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional structural composite material that can be suitably used in various industrial fields by utilizing the characteristics such as ventilation and water permeability due to the retention of internal voids.

Further, the present invention is a three-dimensional body which is light and easy to move even if it is thick, has good heat retention, and can be suitably used as winter clothing and other clothing materials for leisure and sports or as futons and bedding materials. A structural composite material is provided.

Further, the present invention provides a three-dimensional structural composite material which can be suitably used as an agricultural mat, a heat insulating sheet, a water retaining mat for planting or desert greening, and also for civil engineering materials and materials. The present invention provides a three-dimensional structural composite material that can be suitably used as various industrial materials such as heat insulating materials for construction.

[0011]

In the three-dimensional structural composite material of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, a three-dimensional structure having a substantially hollow three-dimensional shape in which a cord portion defining a mesh hole is permeable and water-permeable. It is characterized in that a sheet-like material is joined to one or both sides of the front and back of the net of the structure.

As the net having the above-mentioned three-dimensional structure, a net formed of a yarn such as a synthetic fiber yarn by a braiding or weaving means and having a cord-like portion having appropriate elasticity and flexibility,
It is preferably used.

The cord portion of the net having the above-mentioned three-dimensional structure may have a structure in which a void-holding material having a void capable of ventilating and passing water is held therein, and a suitable elasticity and flexibility are provided. It is also possible to insert a pipe-shaped material having the above-mentioned and having neither ventilation nor water permeability to have a structure capable of enclosing air or liquid therein.

In a composite material in which a sheet-like material is joined to one surface of the net having the above three-dimensional structure, the sheet-like material is formed from a sheet material such as a cloth or a resin film having little or no ventilation and water permeability. Can be.

When a sheet-like material is joined to both front and back surfaces of the net having the above-mentioned three-dimensional structure, at least one of the sheet-like material is a cloth or resin having little or no ventilation and water permeability. It may be made of a sheet material such as a film. Furthermore, when the sheet-like material on both the front and back sides has little or no ventilation and water permeability, a heat insulating medium made of gas or liquid can be enclosed or circulated in the three-dimensional space portion.

When a sheet-like material is joined to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure as described above, a fiber aggregate such as a batting material or a porous body such as a sponge is provided in a three-dimensional space formed by the mesh holes of the three-dimensional net. The heat insulating material may be housed and held. Further, an elastic material such as an elastic body in which air or water is enclosed can be held in the three-dimensional space portion.

In any of the above cases, a heat insulating sheet material may be sandwiched between the three-dimensional net and the sheet-like material.

Further, in the case where the sheet-like material is joined to both front and back surfaces of the net having the above three-dimensional structure, at least one sheet-like material may be made of a material having water permeability. In this case, it is preferable that the three-dimensional space formed by the mesh holes of the net contains and holds a water-retaining material having both water-absorbing and water-retaining properties, such as a water-absorbent resin, a water-absorbent fiber, a porous body or a fibrous body. is there. Further, it is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of the water retention effect that a sheet-like material made of a water-permeable material is bonded to one of the front and back of the net having the three-dimensional structure, and a non-water-permeable sheet-like material is bonded to the other.

[0019]

According to the above three-dimensional structural composite material of the present invention,
The net having a three-dimensional structure can have a required thickness, and the layer having this thickness is a net, and the string-like portion defining the mesh holes of the net has a substantially hollow three-dimensional shape. By holding the space by the mesh hole of this net and the space of the string-like part, it is possible to reduce the weight even if it has a considerably large thickness, and it has the appropriate flexibility peculiar to the net and can be easily folded and wound. become.

In particular, when the net having the above-mentioned three-dimensional structure is formed by braiding or weaving so that the string-like portion has appropriate elasticity (claim 2), elasticity and flexibility as a composite material. It has good properties and can maintain good ventilation and water permeability. In addition, a space holding material that allows ventilation and water passage is held inside the string-like portion of the three-dimensional structure (Claim 3), or a pipe-like material having little or no air passage and water passage is inserted to allow air to flow. When a liquid or a liquid is enclosed or circulated (claim 4), the elasticity of the string-shaped portion is further increased and the elasticity is reliably retained in a three-dimensional shape. Done.

Therefore, the composite material of the present invention constructed by joining a net having a three-dimensional structure and a sheet-like material has properties such as thickness and space retention by the net, ventilation and water permeability, heat retention, and elasticity. By utilizing it, it can be suitably used in various industrial fields.

For example, when a sheet-like material having little or no ventilation and water permeability is joined to one surface of the net having a three-dimensional structure on one side of the net as in claim 5, the net is provided on the side of the net. When used for clothing such as windbreakers or rain quilts with the inside facing, if the sheet-like material is a thin cloth, the temperature will be low and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cloth will cause dew condensation on the inside and However, the sheet-like object does not directly contact the inner (body side) clothing, and the clothing does not get wet and the body does not get cold. Moreover, the air permeability and the heat retaining property are also improved by the space retention by the mesh holes of the net and the void retention inside the string-shaped portion.

When sheet-like objects are joined to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure as in claim 6, the net-like holes between the sheet-like objects are formed into a block formed by a string-like portion. The three-dimensional space is formed, and air is retained in this portion, the thickness is well retained, the heat retaining property is also good, and the string-shaped portion serves as an air circulation portion. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a material for clothing, a material for bedding and the like.

Particularly, in the case of the composite material in which the heat insulating material such as the batting material or the porous material is held in the three-dimensional space portion by the mesh holes as in claim 8, the heat insulating and heat retaining property is further excellent and
The heat insulating material absorbs moisture to lower the humidity, and the cord-like portion ensures the air permeability. Further, the heat insulating material held inside is defined and held by the cord-like portion of the net, and does not move to one side. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a clothing material such as clothing for cold weather and as a bedding material such as a futon.

Further, the sheet material on both front and back sides is a resin film or the like having no air permeability or low air permeability, and a composite material in which air or the like is enclosed in the internal space formed by these both sheet materials ( Claim 7) has good heat insulation properties, is lightweight, has elasticity and flexibility, and can be suitably used as a heat insulating sheet for agriculture, a heat insulating material for construction, and the like. Further, if a transparent sheet-like material is used, it can be used as a heat insulating material having a light transmitting property and a light collecting property.

Further, in the case of a structure in which a sheet-shaped heat insulating material is sandwiched between a sheet-shaped material and a net as in claim 10,
Even if the sheet is thin cloth or resin film,
The heat insulation and heat retention are further improved.

When at least one of the sheet-like materials joined to the front and back of the net having a three-dimensional structure is made of a sheet material having water permeability as in claim 11, the water permeability of the sheet-like material and the internal net are achieved. By utilizing the space retention and the water permeability of the string-shaped portion, it can be suitably used as a drainage material to be buried in the ground such as a slope or slope of a constructed land, or as an agricultural mat.

In particular, as in claim 12, a water-retaining material having both water-absorbing property and water-retaining property, such as a highly water-absorbent resin or a highly water-absorbent fiber, is provided in the three-dimensional space formed by the mesh holes defined by the string-shaped portion. By holding it, a large amount of water can be retained by the water retention material inside the composite material, and it can be suitably used as a water retention mat for agriculture or planting, or as a water retention mat for desert greening. Moreover, each cord-like portion that constitutes the net effectively functions as a flow path for moisture, humidity, etc., and the retained moisture can be evenly supplied to the surface stratum over a wide range.

When the water-permeable sheet-like material is joined to one side of the net and the water-impermeable sheet-like material is joined to the other side to hold the water retaining material inside,
For example, by embedding it in the ground with a non-water-permeable sheet down, it is possible to prevent the water absorbed by the water retention material from seeping out downward and keep it in a good water retention state. It can effectively rehydrate and can be particularly suitably used as a water retention mat for desert greening and the like.

[0030]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a net having a three-dimensional structure of warp knitting structure.
(1) One side of the front and back, three-dimensional structural composite material (A) according to the present invention, which is formed by joining a cloth such as a net woven fabric, a resin film or other sheet-like material (2) by a joining means such as adhesion or sewing. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged part of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional structural composite material (A) according to the present invention, in which a sheet-like material (2) is bonded to both front and back surfaces of a net (1) having a three-dimensional structure of a warp knit structure in the same manner as described above. FIG. 4 shows an enlarged sectional view of a part thereof.

The three-dimensional net (1) used in each of the above-mentioned embodiments has the following constitution.

In the figure, (11) is a mesh hole, (12) is a mesh hole (1
It is a cord portion that defines 1), and the cord portion (12) has a hollow three-dimensional shape that allows ventilation and water passage. (12a) is a cord portion
(12) A nodule between (12).

This net (1) is knitted by a double Raschel machine, and basically has a relatively coarse mesh of a chain knitting yarn and an inserting yarn laterally inserted over a plurality of wales of the chain knitting. Front and back substrates of net organization (13) (1
4) and a connecting thread (15) for connecting the front and back substrates (13) and (14). In particular, the connecting yarn (15) is woven between the front and back substrates (13) and (14) in two adjacent wales, and the knitting yarn or the inserting yarn is swayed for each required course, and the knot portion ( 12
While forming a), the front and back substrates (13) and (14) are knitted to form a cord-like portion (12) by the connecting yarn (15) of two wales adjacent to each other, and usually after knitting, it is suitable. It is widened and heat set, and is formed so as to define a mesh hole (11) by a substantially hollow three-dimensional string-like portion (12). Such a net structure is known as a warp knit structure, and detailed illustration and description thereof will be omitted. Reference numeral (16) is a hollow portion inside the string-like portion (12).

Net made by the above-mentioned double Raschel knitting
Regarding the size of the mesh hole (11) in (1),
2) It can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of courses in the knot portion (12a) between (12), and the opening shape can be set to a quadrangle such as a rhombus or a rectangle, a hexagon, or any other shape depending on the knitting structure. Further, the net as a whole can be formed so as to have an oblique lattice shape, a vertical and horizontal lattice shape, or a dull shape.

Regarding the cross-sectional shape and size of the cord portion (12), the distance between the front and back base materials (13) and (14) and the front and back base materials (13)
It can be set appropriately depending on the wale spacing of (14), etc., but if the cross-sectional shape is square, it becomes easier to join the sheet-like material (2) to the front and back of the net (1), and the joining state is easier to stabilize. Therefore, it is preferable.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show another example of the structure of the substantially hollow three-dimensional string-like portion (12). Figure 5
In the example of, the case in which both cord-shaped portions (12) and (12) are partially knotted by the insertion yarn that crosses the adjacent wales laterally,
FIG. 6 shows a case where the string-like portion (12) is formed in a hollow three-dimensional shape having three or more wales (usually several wales to several tens of wales).

In particular, as shown in FIG. 6, a width of 3 wales or more is provided, and knitting is performed so that the front and back substrates (13) and (14) are connected to each other by connecting threads (15) in each of the wales. When the part (16) is divided into a plurality of parts, the rigidity and elasticity in the thickness direction of the string-like part (12) are more favorably maintained. When the number of wales is 3 or more, the connecting thread of the intermediate wale is omitted, and the front and back substrates (13) and (14) are connected by the connecting thread (15) at least at both ends of the wale to form a large hollow portion inside. You can also

As the yarns constituting the front and back substrates (13) and (14) of the above net (1), yarns of various materials are used depending on the use, and in other cases, they are used as materials for clothing and bedding. In this case, a relatively flexible and elastic synthetic or natural fiber thread is selected and used. When used for industrial materials, agriculture, civil engineering, desert greening, etc., synthetic fiber yarns with relatively high water resistance are used. Nylon yarn, carbon fiber yarn and other various synthetic fiber spun yarns are used. A multifilament yarn or a monofilament yarn is preferably used. The thickness and material are determined in consideration of required strength, tension, elasticity and transparency, color and the like. The connecting thread (15) is appropriately selected from various threads in the same manner as described above in consideration of elasticity and strength so as to be suitable for connecting the front and back substrates (13) and (14) in a three-dimensional manner. Particularly, from the viewpoint of maintaining the three-dimensional structure, synthetic fiber yarn or monofilament yarn having good heat setting property is preferably used. These yarns can be given appropriate rigidity and compression resistance by heat setting after knitting or by processing synthetic resin. Even with such a net, elasticity and flexibility due to the deformation of the mesh holes (11) can be secured.

Further, elastic nets are used for all or part of the yarns and the connecting yarns (15) constituting the front and back substrates (13) and (14) to form a net having a stretchable three-dimensional structure. Is also possible. In this case, a fit, elasticity, or flexibility that cannot be obtained with a net that does not use elastic threads is obtained.

Further, the sheet-like material (2) is joined to the net (1) entirely at each cord-like portion (12), or in some places. It can also be used in a stacked state.

As the sheet-like material (2), in order to take advantage of the elasticity, elasticity and flexibility of the net (1) having a three-dimensional structure, it is possible to use a stretchable cloth such as a knitted fabric. it can. In addition, various woven fabrics and other fabrics, synthetic resin films and sheets, and non-woven fabrics and other sheet materials can be selected and used according to the application.

For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1 (FIG. 2) in which the sheet-like material (2) is joined to one side of the front and back of the net (1) having a three-dimensional structure, the sheet-like material (2) is used as a rain quilt or a leisure piece as compared with the conventional one. Relatively thin waterproof fabric used for windbreakers for boats and skits, or single or multi-layered synthetic resin film, or other materials that do not have air permeability and water permeability (or low air permeability and water permeability ( By using a sheet material (which is difficult to ventilate and pass water), it can be suitably used for clothing such as windbreakers or rain wing.

That is, for example, in windbreakers for rain fluff, leisure, sports, etc., a relatively thin cloth having no ventilation or water permeability or a low air permeability and water permeability is used. Such a fabric is
When the temperature is low, there is a large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the fabric, and when the humidity is high, dew condensation occurs on the inside (body side) of the fabric, making it feel like wetting, and the clothes on the inside that come into contact with it may get wet. Sticky. Further, when the above-mentioned thin cloth directly touches the skin, not only the discomfort increases but also there is a problem in heat retention.

On the other hand, in the case of the composite material in which the sheet-like material (2) is bonded to one surface of the net (1) having the three-dimensional structure as described above, this is a windbreaker with the side of the net (1) inside. Alternatively, when used for clothing such as rain quilts, the outer sheet (2) does not come into direct contact with the inner (body side) clothing or skin, so a sheet made of thin waterproof fabric (2) Even if it becomes wet due to dew condensation on the inside, the clothes on the inside do not get wet and the body does not get cold due to getting wet. Moreover, the air permeability and heat retention are also improved by the space retention by the mesh holes (11) of the net (1) and the retention of voids inside the string-like portion (12).

In particular, in the use of the composite material (A) for clothing as described above, in order to prevent dew condensation on the inner surface of the sheet-like material (2), as shown in FIG. It is preferable to sew the composite material (A) so as to form the ventilation part (17). In addition, when importance is attached to heat retention, as shown in FIG. 7B, the sheet-like materials (2) and (2) are closely joined to each other, and the air in the three-dimensional space due to the mesh holes (11) is directed to the body side. It may be configured so that it can be held. In addition, the above-mentioned sheet material (2)
As shown in Fig. 8, use a thin waterproof cloth or resin film (2
Double layered fabric with 1) and heat retaining fabric (22),
It can also be used by joining to the net (1). In this case, the heat retaining property is further improved.

Further, the composite material (A) of FIG. 3 (FIG. 4) in which the sheet-like material (2) is joined to both front and back surfaces of the net (1) having a three-dimensional structure.
In the case of, the mesh holes (1) of the net (1) between both sheet-like materials (2) (2)
The part (1) becomes a block-shaped three-dimensional space defined by the string-shaped part (12), and air is retained in this part, which can be used as a flexible material having a required thickness.

At least one of the front and back sheet-like materials (2) and (2), or preferably both, do not have ventilation and water permeability of the above-mentioned relatively thin waterproof fabric or synthetic resin film, Alternatively, in the case of a sheet material having low ventilation and water permeability, air is confined in the above-mentioned three-dimensional space, and elasticity and heat insulating and heat retaining properties are improved. It can be suitably used for waterproof and cold weather clothing.

Particularly, in the case where the sheet (2) is joined to both the front and back surfaces of the net (1) as described above, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 3, in the three-dimensional space part of the mesh hole (11) of the net (1), a synthetic fiber or other artificial batting material or a natural fiber such as wool or other fibrous aggregate such as polyurethane foam, etc. When the porous body having elasticity is filled with the other heat insulating material (3) having a void retaining effect, the elasticity and the heat insulating effect can be further enhanced. Further, the heat insulating material (3) such as the batting material absorbs water to lower the humidity, and the string-like portion (12) is breathable, so that stuffiness or the like can be prevented. Further, the heat insulating material (3) held inside is defined and held by the cord-like portion (12) of the net, and is not biased to one side. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a clothing material such as winter clothes or as a bedding material. In this embodiment, it is also possible to use a thick cloth or the like having a good feel and heat retention as a sheet.

Although not shown in the drawing, when the sheet-like materials (2) and (2) are joined to the front and back surfaces of the net (1) as described above, the air is generated in the three-dimensional space portion of the net (1) by the mesh holes. Alternatively, an elastic material made of an elastic body or the like in which water or the like is enclosed may be held to increase elasticity.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 10, between the sheet-like material (2) and the net (1), a non-woven fabric or felt made of natural cotton or wool having a heat insulating effect or If a sheet-shaped heat insulating material (4) such as a foamed sheet is sandwiched, the effect of blocking the outside air is great and the heat retaining power can be further enhanced.

FIG. 11 shows a net having a three-dimensional structure as described above.
In the case where the sheet-like material (2) is joined to both the front and back sides of (1), as at least one sheet-like material (2a), an example using a sheet material having water permeability such as a knitted fabric, woven fabric or nonwoven fabric Shows. In this case, the above-mentioned sheet
Water permeability of (2a), space retention of internal net (1) and string-like part
By utilizing the water permeability of (12), it can be suitably used as a drainage material to be buried in the ground such as a slope or slope of a constructed land, or as a water retention mat for agriculture.

Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the above-mentioned cord-shaped portion
If the water-retaining material (5) having both water-absorbing property and water-retaining property such as superabsorbent resin or superabsorbent fiber is held in the three-dimensional space portion formed by the mesh holes (11) defined in (12). A large amount of water can be retained by the water retaining material (5) inside the composite material (A), and it can be suitably used as a water retaining mat for agriculture or planting, or as a water retaining mat for desert greening. In this case, each string-like portion (12) forming the net (1) effectively functions as a flow path for moisture, humidity and the like, and the retained moisture can be uniformly supplied to the surface stratum over a wide range.

Further, in the above embodiment, the sheet material (2) (2) on both sides may be a sheet material having water permeability, but as shown in FIGS. It is preferable to bond the water-permeable sheet-like material (2a) to one side and the non-water-permeable sheet-like material (2b) to the other side to hold the water retaining material (5) inside. That is, by embedding it in the ground with the water-impermeable sheet-like material (2b) facing downward, the water retention material (5) can be prevented from seeping out downward to ensure water retention, and The string-like portion (12) effectively functions as a flow path for moisture and moisture, and can reliably supply water to the upper stratum, and can be particularly suitably used as a water retention mat for desert greening and the like. it can.

The highly water-absorbent resin used as the water retention material (5) is a water-absorbent polymer which itself has water absorbability, such as cross-linked polyacrylic acid salt and starch / acrylic acid graft polymer. Water absorption ratio is 100-100
It is 0 times as large, and is mainly in the form of powder. Even with the water retaining material (5) having such a granular shape, the mesh holes (11) defined by the string-like portion (12) of the net (1).
The space can be used to securely hold the entire surface.

The three-dimensional net (1) shown in FIG.
And the material forming the tote-like material (2) on both the front and back sides is made transparent, and the sheet-like material (2) is made of a cloth or synthetic resin film with little or no air permeability, so that it is transparent. It can be suitably used as a heat retaining sheet or a heat insulating material through which light can pass.

In this case, specifically, for example, the net (1)
Is transparent polyester monofilament 400-1000
The denier or sheet material (2) is made of a super transparent vinyl sheet and has a thickness of 0.3 mm. These materials may be properly used depending on the purpose and required physical properties.

The thickness of the composite material (A) used as described above can be appropriately set according to its use. For example, it is several mm to several hundred mm for clothing and bedding, and water retention for agriculture and desert greening. As a mat, a few 10 mm to a number 1
Although it is set in the range of 00 mm, it may be out of the range as a matter of course.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the string-like portion (12) of the net (1) serving as the thickness retaining layer is not limited to the one having the substantially hollow three-dimensional shape as described above. As shown in FIG. 13, it is possible to fill and hold a void-holding material (6) having a void that allows ventilation and water passage, such as cotton or sponge-like substance, inside. in this case,
The elasticity of the string-shaped part (12) is increased and it is securely held in a three-dimensional shape,
The elasticity of the composite material (A) as a whole is good and the thickness can be ensured.

Further, the composite material (A) of each of the above-mentioned examples
In the three-dimensional net (1) of double Raschel knitting used for this, the knitting structure of the warp insertion is used to draw inside the string part (12) that defines the mesh hole (11). As shown in FIG. 14, a flexible synthetic resin pipe or the like (7) having no water permeability is inserted, and a liquid such as air or water is inserted into the pipe (7). Can be enclosed.

In this case, since the elasticity of the string-like portion (12) of the net (1) having a three-dimensional structure, and by extension, the elasticity of the composite material (A) is increased and the cushioning property is improved, the cushioning property is improved. It can be suitably used for required applications.

Further, a liquid such as air and water having a variable temperature may be injected into the pipe-like material (7) and the liquid may be circulated. In this case, for example, it can be suitably used as an agricultural mat that also serves as temperature control in greenhouse cultivation and the like.

In addition, a conductive wire such as a metal or carbon wire is inserted into the hollow three-dimensional string-like portion (12) of the net (1) having a three-dimensional structure so that it can be heated by energization. You can also Also in the case of this embodiment, it can be suitably used, for example, as an agricultural mat which requires temperature control. It can also be used as a heat insulation bed sheet.

Further, as described above, the net having a three-dimensional structure is used.
When the non-water-permeable sheet-like material (2) is joined to both the front and back sides of (1), a liquid such as water or air is sealed between both sheet-like materials (2) and (2). can do. In this case, it can be suitably used for applications requiring cushioning properties. Also in this case, the temperature of the enclosed air or liquid can be varied as described above.

A net having a three-dimensional structure used in the present invention
As (1), inside the cord-like portion (12), as shown in FIG. 15, an appropriate flexibility such as a perforated pipe (8a) made of synthetic resin or a mesh pipe (8b) made of fiber is provided. It is possible to insert a pipe body which is elastic and has ventilation and water permeability. This can be knitted, for example, by utilizing the transinsertion tissue at the time of knitting. It is also possible to insert the pipe body by post-insertion. In this case, the cord portion (12)
The withstand pressure strength of is improved compared with the case of the above-mentioned embodiment, and the three-dimensional structure can be surely maintained.

Furthermore, inside the hollow three-dimensional string portion (12) of the net (1), in addition to the above-mentioned pipe body, a reinforcement such as a rope is used as shown in FIG. A cord (9) for use can be inserted in advance. Also in this case, the string-like portion (12) can be favorably held and reinforced in a three-dimensional manner by the string (9). Further, a stretchable or elastic string can be inserted as described above.

Further, in the above net (1), the connecting thread (15) for connecting the front and back substrates (13) and (14) is partially omitted, and a part of the side surface of the cord portion (12) is opened. It is also possible to pass the above-mentioned pipe body or cord through the cord portion (12) in a direction crossing the cord portion (12).

FIG. 17 shows another example of the three-dimensional net (1) used for the composite material (A) of the present invention. This net (1) is formed by braiding, weaving or the like, for example, by warp knitting, the base material on one side of the front and back sides, for example, the front side base material (13) has a net structure, and the base material on the other side (14) has a flat surface, and further, The front and back substrates (13) and (14) are connected by a connecting thread (15), and the cord portion (12) that defines the mesh hole (11) on one side is formed into a hollow three-dimensional shape that allows ventilation and water passage. Is forming.

In the case of this net (1), it can be used in the same manner as in the above-mentioned respective embodiments, but in particular, the base material (14) of the flat ground is used.
Since it has both the function as a seat by and the function as a net with a three-dimensional structure on one side, at least one side,
For example, the sheet material (2) is joined to the side of the base material (13) and the sheet material is joined to the front and back to be used in the same manner as the composite material (A), which is particularly suitable for clothes and bedding.

Also in this embodiment, the size, thickness, etc. of the mesh holes (11) can be determined in accordance with the application etc., and the type of thread that uses the thread constituting the cord is elastic thread, non-elastic thread, cotton thread, etc. By appropriately selecting and using, it is possible to change the size or shape of the mesh holes (11).

Composite material (A) in each of the above examples
Can be used as a single layer or as a plurality of layers.

In the three-dimensional structural composite material (A) of the present invention, the three-dimensional net (1) serving as a layer having a thickness is provided.
Is not limited to the net formed by the warp knitting as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and other mesh knitting means such as other flat knitting, circular knitting or braiding, or weaving or other means may be used to form the mesh holes. It is possible to use a net formed so that the string-like portion formed has a hollow three-dimensional shape that allows ventilation and water passage.

For example, although not shown, it is also possible to use a net (1) having a three-dimensional structure, which is manufactured into a three-dimensional plane shape and then formed into a net shape by widening by cutting with a knife or heat at a required portion. it can. Also, by using the same method, using a non-woven fabric as a base material, inserting a perforated pipe or a reticulated pipe into this, cutting the required parts of the non-woven fabric and opening it as mesh holes Can also be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 18, a large number of braided pipes (8b) braided from synthetic fibers or metal fibers are crossed in parallel at required intervals, and the crossed portions are sewn or bonded or fused. A net (1) having a three-dimensional structure formed by connecting by means of a three-dimensional structure, and as shown in FIG. 19, a net formed by connecting mesh pipes (8b) in parallel at required intervals and connecting them by suturing means or another connecting means (8c). It is also possible to use a structured net (1).

By using these nets (1) and joining the sheet-like materials (2) on both sides or one side, a composite material similar to the above-mentioned examples can be obtained, and civil engineering which requires particularly high strength. It can be suitably used as a material for use.

[0077]

As described above, according to the present invention, a layer having a thickness is a net having a three-dimensional structure, and a net having a three-dimensional structure, although it is a three-dimensionally structured composite material having a required thickness. Since the string-like part that defines the hole is substantially hollow and solid, it is much lighter than conventional thick double knitted fabrics and sheet composites, and is reasonably flexible. It is easy to fold and wind, and is easy to handle. In particular, according to the constitutions of claims 2 to 4, the elasticity and flexibility of the composite material, and the air permeability and water permeability are maintained well.

Therefore, the composite material of the present invention can be utilized, for example, for clothing materials, bedding materials, agriculture and civil engineering by utilizing the characteristics such as space retention by a net, ventilation and water permeability, heat retention and elasticity. It can be widely and suitably used in various industrial fields such as materials.

For example, when it is used as a winter clothing or other clothing material for leisure or sports or a bedding material such as a futon as described in claims 5 to 10, it is light and easy to move, Adiabatic heat retention is also good.

In particular, when the composite material according to claim 5 is used as a clothing such as a windbreaker or rain wing with the net side facing inward, the outer sheet-like material directly contacts the inner (body side) clothing or body. Since this can be prevented, even if the sheet-like material is made of a thin waterproof fabric or the like, it can be worn without discomfort.

Further, in the case of the composite materials according to claims 6 to 10, each has a good heat insulating and heat retaining property, and can be suitably used, for example, as a cold weather clothing material replacing conventional quilting clothing and as a bedding material. Among them, the composite material according to claim 8 can absorb moisture by the heat insulating material held inside, and also has good breathability by the string-like portion, so that it can be used comfortably without causing stuffiness. .

A three-dimensional structural composite material composed of a net having a three-dimensional structure made of transparent thread and a transparent sheet material, which has air and the like in the three-dimensional space, is transparent. As a heat insulating sheet or heat insulating material that can be illuminated with
It can be suitably used for agriculture or construction.

The composite material according to claim 11 utilizes the water permeability of at least one of the sheet-like materials, the space retention of the internal net, and the water permeability of the string-shaped portion to make use of the ground such as slopes and slopes of the constructed land. It can be suitably used as a drainage and drainage material to be buried inside, or as a mat for agriculture, etc., and claims 12 and 1
The composite material of No. 3 can retain a large amount of water with the water-retaining materials such as super-absorbent resin and super-absorbent fibers that are stored and held inside, so it can be used as a water-retention mat for agriculture or planting, or as a water-retention agent for desert greening. It can be suitably used as a mat. Furthermore, it can be suitably used as a medical bed sheet by utilizing the water absorption.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention in which a sheet-like material is joined to one surface of the net having a three-dimensional structure.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the above.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention in which sheet materials are joined to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure.

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the above.

FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged perspective view showing a modified example of a net having a three-dimensional structure.

FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged perspective view showing another modification of the net having a three-dimensional structure.

7 (a) and 7 (b) are cross-sectional views of a part showing a usage example of a composite material in which a sheet-like material is bonded to one surface of a net, respectively.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which a void-holding material is housed and held in a cord-shaped portion of a net.

FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an embodiment in which a pipe-shaped material is inserted into a cord-shaped portion of a net used in the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a partial schematic perspective view showing another example of the net configuration used in the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a partial schematic perspective view showing still another example of the net configuration used in the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a partial schematic perspective view showing still another example of the net configuration used in the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a partial schematic perspective view showing still another example of the net configuration used in the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a partial schematic perspective view showing still another example of the net configuration used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (A) Three-dimensional composite material (1) Three-dimensional net (2) Sheet material (2a) Breathable sheet material (2b) Non-breathable sheet material (11) Mesh holes (12) String Strip part (12a) Knot part (13) Front side base material (14) Back side base material (15) Connecting yarn (16) Hollow part (3) Thermal insulation material (4) Sheet-shaped thermal insulation material (5) Water retaining material (6) Void retaining material (7) Pipe-like material (8a) Perforated pipe (8b) Net-like pipe (9) String

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A sheet-like material is joined to one or both surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure having a substantially hollow three-dimensional structure in which a cord portion that defines a mesh hole is permeable and water-permeable. A three-dimensional structural composite material characterized by: 2. The net according to claim 1, wherein the net having a three-dimensional structure is formed by braiding or weaving means with a yarn such as a synthetic fiber yarn, and the string-like portion has appropriate elasticity and flexibility. 3D structural composite material. 3. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to claim 1, wherein a void-holding material having a void that allows ventilation and water passage is held inside the cord portion of the net having a three-dimensional structure. 4. A pipe-shaped material having appropriate elasticity and flexibility, and having neither ventilation nor water permeability is inserted into the inside of the cord portion of the net having a three-dimensional structure, and air or The three-dimensional structural composite material according to claim 1, which is provided so as to be capable of enclosing a liquid. 5. A composite material in which a sheet-like material is joined to one surface of the front and back of a net having a three-dimensional structure, and the sheet-like material does not have ventilation and water permeability, or has low ventilation and water permeability. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. A composite material in which a sheet-like material is joined to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure, wherein at least one sheet-like material does not have ventilation and water permeability, or has low ventilation and water permeability. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is made of a sheet material. 7. A composite material in which a sheet having neither air permeability nor water permeability or a sheet having low air permeability and water permeability is bonded to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure, and the three-dimensional space is formed by mesh holes of the net. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to claim 6, wherein a heat insulating medium made of gas, liquid or the like is provided in the part so as to be enclosed or flowable. 8. A composite material in which sheet-like materials are bonded to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure, wherein a three-dimensional space portion formed by mesh holes in the net has a fiber aggregate such as a batting material or a porous body such as a sponge. A heat insulating material comprising:
The three-dimensional structural composite material according to any one of to 4 and 6. 9. A composite material in which a sheet-like material is joined to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure, and the elasticity of an elastic body or the like in which air or water is enclosed in a three-dimensional space portion formed by mesh holes of the net. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, which holds a material. 10. The three-dimensionally structured composite material according to claim 1, wherein a sheet-shaped heat insulating material is sandwiched between a three-dimensionally structured net and a sheet-shaped material. 11. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1, wherein sheet-like materials are joined to both front and back surfaces of a net having a three-dimensional structure, and at least one of the sheet-like materials is a water-permeable sheet material. Composite material. 12. A water-retaining material having both water-absorbing and water-retaining properties, such as a water-absorbent resin, a water-absorbent fiber, a porous body or a fibrous body, in a three-dimensional space formed by a string-like portion and / or mesh holes of a net having a three-dimensional structure. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to claim 11, wherein the material is stored and held. 13. The three-dimensional structural composite material according to claim 11, wherein a water-permeable sheet-like material is bonded to one surface of the front and back of the net, and a non-water-permeable sheet-like material is bonded to the other surface.