JPH07109209A - Stable plant growing preparation obtained from plant of genus melia - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a plant growing preparation capable of exhibiting sufficient plant growing effect without causing environmental pollution and stable to heat and light. CONSTITUTION:This stable plant growing preparation contains an active ingredient consisting essentially of terpenes obtained by extracting from a plant of the genus Melia and concentrating the extract, a seed oil of a plant of the genus Melia and a surfactant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a stable plant-growing preparation from a plant of the genus Melia. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plant cultivating preparation containing an active ingredient obtained by extracting from a plant of the genus Meliaceae with alcohol etc. and concentrating it, and seed oil and a surfactant.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it has been essential to use pesticides and chemical fertilizers in order to promote the gentle growth of plants such as horticultural crops and turfgrass. However, in recent years, particularly in the case of agricultural chemicals, due to the problems of toxicity and persistence, the usable types and quantities thereof are becoming more strictly regulated year by year. However, there are various difficulties in ensuring sufficient cultivation of horticultural crops and turfgrass when used within the regulated range.

[0003]

For example, in order to grow plants sufficiently with the minimum use of pesticides, it is necessary to develop a chemical fertilizer to be used in combination and to have an advanced management technique. However, the development of safer pesticides and fertilizers is expensive. In addition, most public opinion tends to strongly demand the reduction of pesticides and the control of pesticides that are far below the licensed amount for current agriculture. However, under such control, for example, in horticultural crops, the quality of harvested crops due to mites, nematodes, etc., the reduction in the yield, etc., and in turfgrass,
There are many social problems such as food damage caused by goldenworms and ants, etc. being sufficiently predicted, and caused by such factors as an increase in market price and labor costs accompanying an increase in daily management work.

The present invention solves these problems by utilizing plant components existing in nature, and provides a plant-growing preparation capable of exhibiting a sufficient plant-growing effect without causing environmental pollution. Is what you are trying to do.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an active ingredient mainly composed of terpenes obtained by extracting from a plant belonging to the genus Melia and concentrating it, seed oil of the plant belonging to the genus Melia, and surface activity. And a stable plant-growing preparation containing the agent. Melia plants are native to the subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, and have been used as raw materials for traditional folk medicines (skin diseases, intestinal disorders, analgesics, etc.) since ancient times, especially in India.

In recent years, it has been reported that azadirachtin, which is present as a trace component in the fruits of the genus Melia, has a repellent effect and an inhibitory effect on feeding, spawning, growth and the like against pests. However, at present, industrially, the oil obtained by squeezing the fruit (seed) or solvent extraction is mainly used as a raw material for soap.

Only recently, in advanced countries of the United States and Europe, azadirachtin was efficiently extracted from neem by using physicochemical operations such as solvent extraction, distillation, and purification, and based on this, pesticides for pest control. Have been attempted to develop. In such an environment, the present inventors have reached the present invention as a result of the examination described below.

[0008] 1. In order to find the most efficient extraction solvent for various terpenes useful for growing plants contained in plants belonging to the genus Melia, the fruit of the plant Melia is crushed into fine pieces,
Extraction was performed with several kinds of solvents, and the amount of terpenes contained in the extract was measured. As a result, it was found that water, alcohols, ketones and mixtures thereof are suitable as the extraction solvent, and particularly lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are most preferable.

2. It was confirmed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis that the extracted terpenes were extremely unstable to light and heat. 3. Extraction needs to be performed at a low temperature in consideration of heat stability, and is preferably performed at 60 ° C or lower. 4. As a result of proceeding with studies on prevention of deterioration of useful terpenes by light and heat and improvement of plant growth by HPLC analysis and field tests, surprisingly, oil obtained from seeds of the plant of the genus Melia is extracted. It has been found that the terpenes can be prevented from being naturally deteriorated by being mixed with the product, and that the sustainability of the plant growing effect can be remarkably improved upon application.

5. When a plant-growing agent in which useful components are stabilized by mixing an extract concentrate of a genus Melia plant with seed oil and dispersing it in water and spraying the plant, the preparation liquid is a seed oil base. Therefore, there is a problem in dispersibility in water and it is difficult to put it into practical use. Therefore, according to various studies, it is effective to add a surfactant such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoester to the above-mentioned preparation agent to improve the dispersibility and the plant. It was confirmed that it also contributes to the improvement of the training effect.

The Melia plants used in the present invention include: Azadirachta indica A. Juss 2. Melia azedarach L. 3. Melia toosendan Sieb. Et Zucc. 4. Melia japonica G. Don 5. Melia dubia Cav. Diss etc. are mentioned. As another name, Melia indica Brandis.Melia azadiracta L.Melia parviflors Moon.Melia sempervirens Sw.Melia bukayun Royle.Melia azedarach L.var.toosendan Makino Melia azedarach L.var.japonica Makino Melia azedarach L.var. It is sometimes called composita Willd. Melia robusta Roxb. Melia australasica A. Juss. Melia aethiopia Welw. Variants and hybrids of these plants are also included in the plants of the genus Melia.

The plant-growing preparation of the present invention is not limited to itself, but is a carrier to which it is attached, a fertilizer, a herbicide, an insecticide,
It can be used by mixing or adding it to agricultural materials such as bactericides and medicines. Further, the plant growth preparation of the present invention is a mixture of a hindered phenol type, a thioether type, a phosphite type and the like and an antioxidant derived from a natural product, a benzophenone type, a benzotriazole type, an ultraviolet absorber such as a cyanoacrylate type. You may use it.

[0013]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. Example 1 Azadirachta indica A. Juss fruit (crushed product) was extracted with ethanol at 60 ° C. or lower and concentrated to 15 parts by weight of a liquid, and Azadirachta indica A. Juss fruit oil 80 was also extracted.
By weight, 5 parts by weight of a surfactant (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) were mixed to prepare a plant growth preparation. Next, turf (pen link vent) field (15m x 3
m) was divided into 3 wards, each section being 5 m × 3 m, and each ward was designated as (a), (b), (c). In (a), the plant growth preparation prepared above was diluted 1000 times with water, 1 liter / m ² was sprayed at 10-day intervals, and in (b), a commercially available insecticide (Trademark Ortran) was added 1000 times. It was diluted and sprinkled with 1 liter per 1 m ^{2 at} intervals of 10 days as in (a). Further, (c) is an untreated section. Two months later, the grasses of (a) and (b) were in a good growth state, but the grass of (c) was eaten and almost withered.

The amounts of the total terpenes decreased when the extract concentrate and the plant-growing preparation obtained above were respectively heated at 50 ° C. and exposed to sunlight were measured by HPLC analysis over time. The obtained results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. From these figures, it can be seen that the plant growth preparation of the present invention has excellent stability against both heat and sunlight.

Example 2 The plant growth preparation prepared in Example 1 was impregnated with 5% of light ceramics sand to prepare a granule. Next, the grass (Himekorei) growing in the field was peeled off within a range of 20 m x 10 m, the ground part that was peeled off was divided into two parts (10 m x 10 m), and 20 kg of granules were made uniform on one side, and all the grass was re-covered. After returning to the original condition, the condition of the treated area and the untreated area was observed. Observation from April 9
During the six months until the month, during the same period it was confirmed that food-free and disease-related diseases occurred several times in the untreated area.
The degree was not confirmed.

The light ceramic sand used here is
By calcining the paper sludge (the main components are fine pulp fibers, clay and water) produced in the papermaking process, the pulp part becomes hollow and is obtained as porous alkaline ceramic particles. Example 3 After planting tomato (Momotaro) seedlings, the field was divided into two, and one of the 1000 times the solution of the plant growth preparation prepared in Example 1 was added to one of the fields.
The leaves were sprayed at a rate of 1 l per m ^{2 at} intervals of 10 days, and this was continued until harvest. In addition, one was an untreated section.
Regarding the growth status, both the height of the fruit cluster and the thickness of the stem were superior in the treated section, and the total yield was about 6% in the treated section.

Example 4 The field was divided into two, and one of the granules prepared in Example 2 was used.
After mixing the soil at a rate of 0 g / m ² , seedlings of lettuce (my lettuce) were planted in both plots. Almost no difference was observed in the growth status, but the weight of the stocks at the time of harvest was 5% in the treated plot. Example 5 Melia azedarach L. seeds (crushed product) were extracted with water-methanol (15:85) at 60 ° C. or lower and concentrated to 20 parts by weight, and 75 parts by weight of Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed oil was extracted. And a mixture of 5 parts by weight of a surfactant (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether), a plant-growing preparation A, a mixture of an extract concentrate and an oil extract B, a mixture of an extract concentrate and a surfactant C, The mixture of the pressed oil and the surfactant was designated as D. Next, the turf (pen cross vent) field (15 m × 3 m) was divided into 5 sections, 1 section was set as an untreated section, and the other 4 sections were each diluted 1000 times with water, and each 1-m was diluted to 1 m. 1 liter per ² was continuously sprayed at 10-day intervals, and the effect was compared by the cutting weight of grass for 4 months (May to August).

The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0019]

[Table 1]

As can be seen from Table 1, in the total cutting weight, the plant growing preparation A application group had the largest number, and the growing condition was also better than the other groups.

[0021]

According to the present invention, the plant growth effect is excellent,
Since it is stable to light and heat and is derived from plants, it is possible to provide a plant-growing preparation free of environmental pollution.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a graph showing the thermal stability of extracted terpenes.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the sun stability of extracted terpenes.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A stable plant-growing preparation comprising an active ingredient mainly composed of terpenes obtained by extracting from a plant belonging to the genus Melia and concentrating it, seed oil of the plant belonging to the genus Melia and a surfactant.