JPH0661354B2 - Anti-decubitus body - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Object of the Invention) The present invention relates to a pressure ulcer preventive having a great effect of preventing bedsores.

Originally, human beings are two-legged living creatures, and if five bodies are healthy, they can freely change their center of gravity and move, and even if they are sleeping, they can unconsciously turn over, so it is unlikely to suffer from pressure ulcers. There is no. That is, the internal pressure of a human capillary is
It is around 25 mmHg / cm ² , and if external pressure of 100 mmHg / cm ² is taken for a long time, except for thickened skin in special areas such as the soles of the feet, the person first feels discomfort and further pain. The conversion is being done unconsciously.

However, if you become bedridden due to various illnesses or injuries,
The person's weight exerts pressure on the underlying skin, blood vessels, and muscles, squeezing the capillaries, obstructing blood flow, gradually slowing blood flow, eventually stopping, and continuing for longer periods. After a short period of time, the area becomes blackened and necroses, causing pressure ulcers.

When a person goes to bed, about 45% of the total weight falls on the buttocks and about 35%
It is known that 100% of them are on the back of the chest, but pressure ulcers often occur at protruding parts of the bone in such a weight-bearing state, and the sacral region is particularly prone to this. It is a part. The necrotic skin eventually falls off, sometimes forming deep ulcers that reach the bones, and the sacral region is easily contaminated with excretion of urine and feces, which causes bacterial infections with a tragic result. Treatment of a pressure ulcer that has occurred is extremely difficult, and once it is cured, it is extremely likely to recur.

In order to prevent bedsores from developing pressure ulcers, it is necessary to change the sleeping direction, for example, every two hours to the left or right every day or night. It is almost impossible to execute. For the purpose of reducing the hassle of changing body posture, for example, a soft thing is sandwiched between the body and the bedding, but since the pressure ulcer occurred while originally sleeping on the soft duvet, thickly cover the duvet. But I can't expect much improvement. The smaller the area of a supine weight-bearing part (typically the sacrum), the greater the weight per unit area. If the resulting pressure exceeds the blood circulation pressure of the skin, blood circulation will be disrupted. On the contrary, if the area is increased, the weight per unit area is reduced. In order to reduce the weight per unit area, it is necessary to expand the contact area and disperse and stabilize the body pressure.

The human back has an S-shape when viewed from the side, and the sacral portion hits a curve protruding below the S-shape, and therefore the weight is concentrated here. On the other hand, the so-called waist is dented, and when it is lying on its back, it does not contact the floor and does not support the weight. Especially, the weight will be intensively applied.

Conventionally, the air mat, styrofoam mat, water mat, corrugated sponge mat, water bed, support device for mechanically driving a large number of formed support members, and flexible to prevent pressure ulcer by distributing the weight locally on the supine position There are known ones that use a large number of cushions of different characteristics, but these have complicated structures, and some of them require a large amount of equipment, and the equipment costs are high, which is not common. The weight that is locally applied cannot be evenly distributed.

(Structure of the Invention) The present invention provides a projecting portion of the tibia when the supine is supine while supporting all of these chests by a support having a two-layered form including zones corresponding to the irregularities of the chest and the waist on the back of the human body. The present invention aims to provide a product that can be economically obtained by concentrating the body pressure to disperse the body pressure and supporting the back surface softly to prevent the occurrence of bedsores at these protrusions, etc. Is.

The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments with reference to the drawings. From the shoulder 51 to the buttocks 52 on the back of the human body, the protruding hips and shoulders are recessed with respect to the waist 53 and the chest back 54.
A support body 1 that supports the weight is provided in cooperation with the protruding buttocks and shoulders. In this support, a waist belt 2 that gradually rises from below the waist toward the side surface of the waist and supports the waist by wrapping the waist from below,
Following this waist band, a chest band 3 for supporting the back of the chest by wrapping it from below is also provided, and the waist band is formed higher. If you lie on this, you will be able to support the weight from the shoulder side to the buttocks on the back side.

In the figure, the chest band 3 has a relatively low chest member 5 that gradually increases from the spine 4 along the spine toward the side of the body. The raised side edges are longer than the central vertebral column portion 4, and when viewed in a plan view, they appear in an approximately M shape. The lumbar pelvic zone 2 following the chest pelvic zone is slightly elevated due to the inclined surface 6, and further rises relatively high from the spine occlusal section 7, which accommodates the lumbar vertebra, etc. to both sides, and the elevated side edges are It has a lumber member 8 which is shorter than the spinal column 7. The lumbar ward zone extends downward with a relatively steep angle toward the buttocks ward zone 9. Buttocks Ward 9
The buttocks are placed on the hips, so that the weight can be more stably supported together with the waist and chest bands. The length of the buttock is not too long, which is convenient when treating excrements such as feces and urine. However, if you do not need to worry about excretion, make it more stable. It can be supported, or it can be omitted and another can be applied.

Above the chest band 3, there is a shoulder band 10 that supports the shoulder, and it rises while slightly inclining from the chest band side, followed by a slightly raised flat surface that supports the head 55. A head zone 11 is provided to keep the head at a natural height and maintain a stable posture, but another pillow or the like may be used instead of the head zone.

In the illustrated support, the surface that comes into contact with the back of the human body is flexible and has slow elasticity and breathability, and has a cushioning portion layer 21 that softly supports the body. The base layer 22 has a large size, is moderately flexible, has strong elasticity, has almost no bottom-bottom phenomenon, and further has a base layer 22 capable of appropriately suppressing vertical and horizontal deformation of the buffer layer. In the example shown in the figure, there is a base lower layer 23 having a constant thickness from the head zone to the buttocks zone, and the waist zone 2 is covered with a base upper layer 24 having the same thickness as that of the head zone. Similarly, the ward zone 11 also has an upper base layer, and the portion 25 connected to the shoulder zone gradually becomes thinner. A buffer layer 21 is laminated on the base layer, and the portion from the head zone to the waist zone has the same thickness as the lower layer of the base, and the chest zone has its chest. The pad 5 is used as a cushioning layer and the chest strip 8 is used as a cushioning layer in the waist band. Further, in the shoulder zone, the slightly thick portion 26 is formed so as to form a gentle slope.

The buffer layer and the base layer are formed of an appropriate material that is soft against the human body, but it is generally preferable to form the foam, and the foam constituting the buffer layer includes, for example, There are mainly soft open cells such as soft polyurethane foam, soft polyvinyl chloride foam, and latex foam rubber. Further, as the base layer, for example, a foam mainly having open cells or a foam having a closed cell as a main cell structure, for example, a crosslinked or non-crosslinked polyethylene foam, closed-cell polyvinyl chloride foam or the like. Some have properties intermediate between soft and rigid foams.

The characteristics of the foam constituting each of these layers are those that are appropriately selected and used depending on the correlation between the two, but it is difficult to specify, for example, a soft polyurethane foam for the buffer layer,
When polyethylene foam is used for the base layer, the former has an apparent density of 0.02 to 0.04 g / cm ³ and a compression ratio (JIS-K640
1-1980) 2-10kg, compressive residual strain rate (JIS-K6401-1
980) 90% or more, compression hardness (25% compression stress) 0.01 to 0.3
kg / cm ² , tensile strength (JIS-K6402-1976) 0.7 to 3 kg / c
m ² , breaking elongation (JIS-K6402-1976) 150 to 300%, preferably apparent density 0.028 to 0.03 g / cm ³ , compression rate ^{3 to} 7 k
g, tensile strength 1-3 kg / cm ² , elongation 170-210%, the latter is
Apparent density 0.035-0.05g / cm ³ , compression rate 10-30kg, compression hardness (25% compressive stress) 0.3-2kg / cm ² , tensile strength 0.7
〜4 kg / cm ² , elongation 100-200%, preferably, apparent density 0.047-0.05 g / cm ³ , compressibility 13-25 kg, tensile strength 1-
Good results are often obtained at 3 kg / cm ² and elongation of 130 to 170%.

It can be formed by adhering the molded foam formed corresponding to each of the buffer layer and the base layer to each other by adhering, welding or the like to integrate them or simply superposing them, or fitting a frame to the outer peripheral side of the superposed ones. . Further, these both layers may be laminated so that each layer is thinner. In addition,
Ventilation can be further improved by providing ventilation holes penetrating the base layer and / or the buffer layer.

In the drawing, the base layer is made of polyethylene foam, and the head zone and the waist zone have a thickness of about 50 mm, while the other zones have a thickness of about 25 mm. The cushioning layer is made of soft polyurethane foam and has a thickness of about 25 mm from the head zone to the chest zone and the buttocks zone, and in the chest zone, the thickest part further above it.
There is a chest material 5 of about 48 mm, and in the lumbar zone, a lumbar material 8 having a thickness of about 100 mm at the highest points on both sides and a thickness of about 30 mm at the lowest lower spine 7 is formed on the base layer. is doing. A cloth 27 is attached to the base layer 22.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show another embodiment in which the side in contact with the back of the human body is formed into a gently curved surface, and the buffer layer and the base layer are integrally formed. .

Also, since there are individual differences in body shape, it is convenient to prepare several types of support such as those for large people, medium people, small people, but it is possible to tailor it to suit individual In addition, for example, a foam pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer having release paper temporarily attached to one surface of a soft foam having several different thicknesses, or a tape is always prepared, and cut into a required size when necessary, and a buffer portion It would be more convenient if it could be applied on a layer.

Also, a pressure ulcer preventive body for the lateral decubitus position or the like can be prepared in the same manner as above.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, the present invention provides a chest band which lowers the lower part of the back of the chest and lowers it toward the side so that the chest and the waist of the back of the human body are entirely in contact with the surface of the support for supporting the human body. Since a waist band that is higher than the chest band and lowers the lower part of the waist is raised toward the side, these parts are almost entirely covered as if wrapping the chest and waist on the back of the human body. Since it comes to support and the weight is evenly distributed over the entire body, there is no obstruction of blood flow due to local strong pressure,
Even if the person stays asleep for a long period of time, it is possible to reliably prevent the development of pressure ulcers. Moreover, since the support has a cushioning layer having a soft and breathable surface in contact with the back surface of the human body, and a base layer having flexibility and strong elasticity is formed in a laminated state on the cushioning layer, the soft cushioning layer is used. The chest and waist on the back of the human body are not softly supported and these parts are not scratched, and even if weight is applied to this, the bottom thrusting phenomenon does not appear due to the elastic action of the base layer on the back surface of the buffer layer. Further, since it has good air permeability, the contact skin surface and the like do not get stuffy, so that it is possible to continue medical treatment for a long time in a comfortable manner. Further, since the above structure is simplified as a whole, it can be manufactured and supplied economically, and it is easy to carry and handle, on mattresses such as sleepers, mattresses, etc. in hospitals, nursing homes, general households, etc. It can be conveniently used by placing it, or by covering it with a cloth towel, a sheet of cloth, etc., if necessary. And if you lay the above cloth towel etc., you can move the bedridden person to the left, right, up and down by holding this towel, and at that time, also from the spine and spine response part to the side of the body. The work can be made easier by the waist and chest bands that gradually rise toward each other. Also, it can be used in the same manner by putting it in a cover bag with a fastener made of a suitable fiber cloth, in which case a required amount of an agent harmless to the body such as an antibacterial agent is inserted in the cover bag, or If copper fibers or other sterilizing fiber yarns are formed in the fiber yarns constituting the bag, it may be convenient because antibacterial and sterilizing fibers are obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view, FIG. 2 is a plan view, FIG. 3 is a sectional view, FIG. 4 is a rear view, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another example, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view of FIG. 1: Support, 2: Lumbar tract, 3: Chest quadrant 4: Spine, 5: Chest material, 6: Slope 7: Spine, 8: Lumbar material, 9: Gluteal tract 10: Shoulder zone, 11: Head zone, 21: Buffer layer 22: Base layer

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A support body for supporting the back of the human body from at least the shoulder portion to the waist portion, and a surface of the support body in contact with the back surface of the human body is formed of a soft and highly breathable cushioning layer, which has flexibility and strong elasticity. Forming a base layer in a laminated state having a chest band and a chest band which lowers the lower part of the back of the chest so that the lower part of the back of the chest is lower and higher toward the side surface so that the chest and waist of the human body are entirely in contact with the support surface. An anti-decubitus body that is provided with a waist band that is located at a high position and lowers the lower part of the waist and raises it toward the side. 2. The decubitus ulcer according to claim 1, wherein the support has a buttock that supports the buttock on the back of the human body, and a part of the buttock in the buttock is shortened in the longitudinal direction so that it can be supported. Preventive body. 3. The pressure ulcer preventive body according to claim 1, wherein the base layer of the support is thicker in the waist zone and thinner in the chest zone. 4. The pressure ulcer preventive body according to claim 3, wherein an inclined surface is formed on the side of the waist zone of the support on the chest zone side.