JPH0628577B2 - Extruder die - Google Patents

Description

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an extruder die for forming a raw material to be compression-mixed between a screw and a barrel.

(Prior Art) The history of food processing using an extruder is old and it appeared in the literature in the latter half of 1800. Our company was used for the purpose of dehydration and squeezing, but has gradually come to be used for the purpose of processing and molding. That is, the material is put into the screw through the supply port,
The material is kneaded, heated and sent forward, extruded from the die,
It gives the product a unique shape.

The extruder is roughly classified into a single-screw extruder composed of one screw and a twin-screw extruder composed of two screws. Further, the twin-screw type extruder is classified into various types according to the degree of meshing of the two screws and the rotation direction. Conventionally, the extruder has been regarded as a machine having only compression, kneading and expansion functions, but recently, all phenomena that occur inside the extruder, namely compression, mixing, kneading, shearing, melting, sterilization, chemical reaction, expansion Attention has been paid to the active use of molding and the like. In addition, since many food materials have a high moisture content, a twin-screw extruder suitable for them is drawing attention.

The extruder used in the past will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 11. FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the simplest extruder, in which 1 is a hopper for supplying the raw material 20 to the screw 3, 3 is rotated by a driving device (not shown), and the raw material 20 is kneaded, melted and conveyed in the barrel 2 by the screw 3 toward the die hole 4. Then, depending on the raw material used at this time, the raw material is melted by kneading the screw 3, self-heating by shearing, or barrel heating (not shown). Further, the raw material is extruded product 21 from die hole 4
Is extruded as.

FIG. 7 shows an extruder in which a temperature control jacket 8 having a fluid passage 9 is provided on the outer periphery of the barrel 7. The temperature of the barrel 7 can be controlled by causing a temperature-controlled fluid to flow in the temperature control jacket 8. Also, 10 is a screen, 1
2 is a plurality of die holes. Reference numeral 11 indicates the shape of the end of the screw, which is hemispherical.

FIG. 8 shows a twin-screw extruder having a hopper 14 for forcibly supplying the raw material, and FIG. 9 shows a cross section taken along line IX-IX in FIG. That is, it is an extruder having screws 15, 15 'that mesh with each other. Reference numerals 16 and 16 'indicate conical screw tip shapes, and 17 is a die hole.

Fig. 10 shows a twin-screw type extruder having two die holes 39 and 39 ', and 35 and 35' are screw screws for engaging with each other.
6 is a barrel, 37 is a die body having die holes, 39 and 39 ', and FIG. 11 is a view taken in the direction of arrow XI in FIG.

By the way, the conventional extruder is, as described in the description of FIG. 6, kneading and melting the raw material by the screw and extruding it from the die. The raw material is changed by changing the screw rotation speed, barrel temperature, raw material supply amount, etc. Control the state of. In addition, the die structure as described above can achieve the object in the extrusion process of the flaky textured product using the snacks mainly composed of starch or the protein as the starting material.

However, recently, it has been attempted to obtain a continuous meat-like product having fibrous properties from raw materials such as whole fat and defatted soybean flour, vegetable protein such as okara, animal protein such as marine beef, meat and fish. It started like this. In such a case, the die structure as described above does not provide sufficient fibrousness, the tissue strength is small, and a continuous product cannot be obtained.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As a raw material, whole fat and defatted soybean flour, vegetable protein such as okara, animal protein such as marine beef, meat and fish meat are used as raw materials.
In the case of obtaining a meat-like continuous product having a fibrous property, there is a problem that a conventional extruder die structure cannot obtain a sufficient fibrous property. The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and it is an object of the present invention to easily obtain a meat-like continuous product having a sufficient fibrous property and a high tissue binding force.

(Means for Solving the Problems) For this reason, the present invention provides a fixed porous plate and a movable porous plate having a plurality of small holes between the screw outlet and the die forming part of the food processing extruder. The movable perforated plates are arranged in contact with each other, and the movable perforated plates have a mechanism that can be moved from the outside, and the overlapping area of the small holes of the both perforated plates can be changed. It is a means.

(Function) Orientation is caused by the raw material passing through a plurality of small holes,
A flesh-like continuous product having fibrous properties is formed. Also, by changing the overlapping area of the small holes on both perforated plates from the outside, the optimum small hole size can be set even during extrusion molding in response to changes in extrusion molding conditions such as raw material type, supply amount, screw rotation speed, etc. it can.

(Embodiment) The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments of the drawings. Figs. 1 to 5 show an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of an extruder die, and Fig. 2 is a sectional view. II-II sectional view in FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 shows another example of the cross section. Further, FIG. 3 shows the shapes of the small holes 45a, 45b provided in the perforated plates 46a, 46b of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 shows an example of another shape of the small holes.

In the figure, 40 is a screw, 41 is a torpedo provided at the tip of the screw to stir the raw material, 42 is a barrel, 43 is a heater for controlling the temperature of the barrel, and 45a is a small hole provided in the perforated plate 46a. 45b is a small hole provided in the perforated plate 46b,
45c is a perforated plate with a small hole opening 46a fixed by the overlapping of the small holes 45a and 45b, and 46b is an adjusting bolt 49a.
, 49b are movable perforated plates, 47 is a die, 4
Reference numeral 8 denotes a die temperature control medium jacket.

In such a device, the food material supplied to the supply unit (not shown) of the screw 40 is the same as the screw 40.
Then, the mixture is compressed, mixed and kneaded by the barrel 42, further stirred by the torpedo 41 provided at the tip of the screw 40, and sent to the tip of the screw. The raw material at that time is indicated by symbol 50. The barrel 42 is heated and temperature controlled by a heater 43. Of course, depending on the raw material, cooling and temperature control may be performed by a cooling device instead of the heater. Code 5 if it is a starch-based material
At 0, the final product is already in a molten state and is easily shaped by the die, but can be extruded as a product by expanding at the die exit, and is There is no need to provide small holes.

However, when defatted soybean flour, okara as a food material, or marine beef, waste meat, etc. as an animal protein is used to obtain a meat-like structured protein having fibrous properties, even if it is passed through a die in a 50 state, Fine fibrous properties cannot be obtained. That is,
This is Sukuryu 40, Torpedo 41 and Barrel 42
This is because only the fibrous nature of the flow generated by shearing and feeding received by and is very weak. In addition, although the orientation due to passing through the die is generated as a whole, it is inferior in terms of fibrous property.

The raw material 50 at the end of the screw is in a molten state in which the protein molecules having some reactive groups on the surface when kneaded by the screw 40 or the like have not reacted with each other. In this state, when passing through the small holes 45a, 45b and the opening 45c of the present invention, the protein molecules undergo a shearing force and are aligned in the flow direction, that is, orientation, due to the large velocity. This orientation causes the protein molecule to expose more reactive groups on its oriented surface. This is the state of 51. In this state, when the extruded product is guided to the molding part (length 1) of the die 47 and is reacted and shaped, the extruded product has a fibrous property due to the orientation, and a strong meat due to the organized bonding of protein molecules by a lot of exposed reactive groups. It becomes a textured structure.

Further, the orientation and the exposure of the reactive groups are affected by the pressure and speed of the raw material when passing through the small holes, and the optimum shape and size of the small holes vary depending on the food material used and the target extruded product. The pressure and speed that the raw material receives during orientation can be controlled by changing the cross-sectional area and shape of the small holes for orientation. That is, the perforated plate 46a is fixed, provided with a perforated plate 46b which is in contact with the perforated plate 46a, and is slid by the adjusting bolts 49a and 49b, and the small holes 45a and 45 provided in the respective perforated plates 46a and 46b.
By changing the overlap amount of b, the optimum opening
Set the size of 45c.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section taken along line II-II of FIG.
In order to displace, the sliding surfaces 47a, 47b provided on the die 47 are slid by adjusting bolts 49a, 49b. Another example is shown in FIG. This is a movable perforated plate 46b 'in the die 47c.
However, any other method may be used.

Also, examples of small holes 45a, 45b are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 as circular holes 45a, 45b.
Although it is shown as 45b, as another example, it may be quadrangular holes 61a, 61b, 61c as shown in FIG. 5, and is not particularly limited. Further, in the embodiment, one fixed perforated plate and one movable perforated plate are combined, but there may be a plurality of them. The fixed porous plate 46a in the above embodiment
There is no problem even if the positions where the movable perforated plate 46b is arranged are reversed.

(Effects of the Invention) Since the present invention is configured as described in detail above,
By causing the raw material to have an orientation, it is possible to extrude a meaty continuous product having fibrous properties, particularly using protein or the like as a main raw material. In addition, one of the multiple porous plates for causing orientation is movable, and the opening degree of the small holes can be arbitrarily changed from the outside to facilitate opening of the small holes for optimum orientation during the extrusion molding operation. Can be set.

[Brief description of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of an extruder die showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 (a).
FIG. 3 (b) is a detailed sectional view of a small hole showing an embodiment of the present invention.
Is a side view of the same, FIG. 4 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 (a) is a detailed sectional view of the small hole shape of another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 (b) is a side view of the same, FIGS. 6 to 11 are conventional examples, and FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are side sectional views showing a conventional extruder, and FIG. The figure shows the 8th
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 10, FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of a twin-screw extruder having two dies, and FIG. 11 is a view taken in the direction of arrow XI in FIG. Explanation of the main parts of the figure 40 ... Screw, 42 ... Barrel 46a ... Fixed perforated plate, 46b ... Movable perforated plate 45a, 45b ... Circular small hole, 49a, 49b ... Adjusting bolt 47 ... Die

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fixed perforated plate having a plurality of small holes provided between a screw outlet and a die forming part of an extruder for food processing and a movable perforated plate are brought into contact with each other, and the movable perforated plate is also provided. An extruder die characterized in that the plate has a mechanism that can be moved from the outside, and the overlapping area of the small holes of the two perforated plates is variable.