JPH06261479A - Armature winding - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an armature winding in which sinusoidal magnetomotive force distribution can be achieved using a two layer concentric winding and three-phase winding impedances are balanced while allowing mechanical insertion of coil. CONSTITUTION:The armature winding has the number of slots (q) per pole per phase and has a sine wave winding for producing substantially sinusoidal electromotive force distribution from the winding by differentiating the number of turns of coil between the slots. For example, the number of parallel circuits of three-phase, four pole, 48 slots winding is doubled. Number of slots per pole per phase (q)=(48/3X4)=4, i.e., the slot number is 1-48, phase U coil comprises pole coils U1-U4, phase V coil comprises pole coils V1-V4 and phase W coil comprises pole coils W1-W4. Consequently, each pole coil U1-U4, V1-V4, W1-W4 of each phase can be contained in a two layer concentric winding comprising four continuous coils distributed concentrically. This constitution can prevent adverse effect of distorted wave.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an armature winding having a winding distribution in which a magnetomotive force distribution of the winding is a sine wave in a rotary electric machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For the purpose of improving the efficiency and power factor of an electric motor or reducing electromagnetic vibration noise, the number of windings of one slot is changed for each slot to obtain a magnetomotive force distribution of the winding with a sine wave. There is one that constitutes a sinusoidal winding that tries to approach. In this sine wave winding, as a winding method, a lap winding method has been conventionally used as illustrated in FIG. 14 having three phases, four poles, 48 slots, and two parallel circuits.

In the figure, numbers 1 to 48 are slot numbers, U
1, U2 are U-phase coils, V1 and V2 are V-phase coils,
W1 and W2 indicate W-phase coils. Here, the number of slots q for each pole and each phase is q = 48 / (3 × 4) = 4. In FIG. 14, slots with numbers 1 to 13 (hereinafter “#
1 to # 13 ". The same applies to the following, and the coils are stored (coil pitch 13), and eight consecutive coils (2 x
q) forms one coil, and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coils are respectively U1 to U2, V1 to V2, and W1 to W2.
The lap winding method is used, which has individual coils in parallel. In this winding, the winding distribution is changed by changing the number of turns of one slot for each slot, and the magnetomotive force waveform of the winding is made substantially sinusoidal, thereby improving various characteristics of the electric motor.

Here, the number of turns in each slot is determined so that the magnetomotive force distribution due to the winding becomes substantially sinusoidal and the high frequency winding coefficient approaches 0. For example, Shibaura Revue, 13th year. It is also described in detail in No. 8, "Theoretical Study of Abnormal Phenomena of Induction Motors" (announced by Tadakichi Okawa in August 1991). FIG. 15 shows an example of the arrangement of each phase coil of the winding shown in FIG. 14 and the number of coil turns in one slot. In FIG. 15, the U-phase first pole coil U1
Are distributed in slots # 1 to # 8 and slots # 13 to # 20, and the number of windings in the slot is 5, 13, 21, 28, 2
8, 21, 13 and 5, so that the magnetomotive force distribution of the winding is approximated to a substantially sine wave.

FIG. 16 (A) shows the magnetomotive force distribution when this sine wave winding is applied, FIG. 16 (B) shows the magnetomotive force distribution when using an ordinary winding, and FIG. A comparison of winding factors is shown. As can be seen from FIGS. 16 and 17, by using the sine wave winding, the magnetomotive force distribution approaches a sine wave, and the high frequency winding coefficient can be greatly reduced. still,
In FIG. 14, the number of parallel circuits being double means that the external terminal U-X.
It means that the number of parallel pole coils formed between two is two.

[0006]

However, in the prior art, the windings are distributed in a lap winding, which requires a lot of man-hours when the windings are installed in the armature core, and the windings cannot be installed in a machine. There was a problem that was. In the conventional lap winding configuration shown in FIG. 14, the number of U-phase coils, V-phase coils, and W-phase coils is two (p / 2, p: number of poles), and it is not possible to take four times the number of parallel circuits. This was impossible because there were only two phase coils.

As another conventional lap winding method, a three-phase, four-pole, 60-slot type having double the number of parallel circuits is shown in FIG. 18, and a three-phase, four-pole, 72-slot type, parallel circuit is shown in FIG. The number is doubled. Also in FIG. 18 and FIG.
The number of coils for each phase, V phase, and W phase is 2 (p / 2). Even if the number of slots is changed from these figures, the number of parallel circuits can be increased by 1 or 2 times, but the number of parallel circuits is increased. 4
It turns out that doubling is impossible. Further, as a conventional lap winding method, FIG. 20 shows a three-phase, 6-pole, 72-slot, and winding configuration in which the number of parallel circuits is three times. As is clear from this figure, the number of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase coils is three, respectively, and the number of parallel circuits can be 1 or 3 times, but it is not possible to take 2 or 6 times. It is impossible.

As described above, in the conventional lap winding method, the number of poles is p
On the other hand, the number of coils for each phase is p / 2, and it is impossible to increase the number of parallel circuits to p times as in the case of a normal winding. Further, with 6 poles, it is impossible to double the number of parallel circuits, and there is a drawback in that the degree of freedom in design is greatly reduced. The object of the present invention is to obtain a two-layer concentric winding winding configuration in which the magnetomotive force of the winding has a sinusoidal waveform, which makes it possible to mechanize the winding winding and relatively freely select the number of parallel circuits of the winding. To provide an armature winding.

[0009]

In the armature winding according to the present invention, the number of slots for each pole and each phase is q, and the magnetomotive force distribution of the winding is made substantially different by varying the number of coil windings for each slot. In an armature winding having a sinusoidal winding for making a sinusoidal distribution, it is characterized in that coils of q continuous coils for each pole and for each phase are housed in a two-layer concentric winding. The preferred arrangement of the armature winding is such that the first pole coils of each phase are dispersedly arranged in each divided region that divides the entire slot region into three parts, and the next-pole coils of each phase sequentially divide the entire slot region into three parts. A state in which the divided regions are sequentially distributed in the divided regions which are spatially displaced from each other corresponding to the front pole by 2π / p (p is the number of poles) in mechanical direction in the circumferential direction. It is characterized in that.

[0010]

This armature winding has a two-layer concentric winding structure, but has a sinusoidal winding structure, so that the magnetomotive force of the winding has a sinusoidal distribution. Similarly to the above, various adverse effects caused by distorted waves can be prevented, and the selectable range of the number of parallel circuits is expanded as compared with the conventional lap winding, and the degree of freedom in selection is increased. On the other hand, according to the preferable winding arrangement, the three phases U, V, and
The first pole coils U1, V2, W3 belonging to W are inserted into the slot by one operation, and the same coil insertion operation is performed for the next second pole coil, and then to the coil of the last pole. To be done. The coil insertion operation through such a sequence can be performed by a machine, and according to this winding arrangement configuration, the first pole coils of all phases are located on the same radius of the armature core, and Since the same is true, the lengths of the coil ends of the same pole are substantially the same between the phases, and the winding impedance is substantially balanced between all the phases.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the figure, numbers 1 to 48 are slot numbers, U1 to U4 are U-phase pole coils, and V1 to V
Reference numeral 4 denotes a V-phase pole coil, and W1 to W4 denote W-phase pole coils. In this embodiment, three phases, four poles, the number of slots is 48,
The number of parallel winding circuits is doubled. The number of slots q of each pole and each phase is (48/3 × 4) = 4, and each pole coil of each phase is a two-layer concentric winding consisting of four continuous coils distributed in concentric winding. The four coils are connected to a continuous coil to form a pole coil, and as a whole, U-phase coils U1, U2, U
3, U4, V-phase coils V1, V2, V3, V4, and W-phase coils W1, W2, W3, W4, total 12 concentric winding coils.

The coil pitch of each pole coil is 11, respectively.
They are 9, 7, and 5. For example, the U-phase first pole coil U1
Is a coil (coil pitch 11) stored over # 5 to # 16, a coil (coil pitch 9) stored over # 6 to # 15, and a coil (coil pitch 7) stored over # 7 to # 14. The coils (coil pitch 5) housed over # 8 to # 13 are sequentially stacked.

Similarly, for the other poles of the U-phase and the coils of the other phases, the coil pitches are four, which are 11, 9, 7, and 4.
It is configured by connecting individual coils. Here, the number of turns of the winding wire for each slot is shown in FIG. This drawing only shows the arrangement of the coils housed in each slot, and does not show the vertical relationship of the coils. The number of windings stored in the slot is the same as the conventional one,
The number of coils in each phase is doubled.
In, the U-phase first pole coil U1 has slots # 5 to # 5.
The coils are distributed in # 8 and slots # 13 to # 16, and the number of turns is changed to 28, 21, 13, 5 and 5, 13, 21, 28 to form concentric coils. Further, the U-phase second pole coil U2 has slots # 17 to # 2.
0 and slots # 25 to # 28, and the number of turns is changed to 28, 21, 13, 5 and 5, 13, 21, 28, respectively, to form concentric coils. U
Looking at each slot where the phase winding is housed, slot #
In 1 to # 8, the number of windings was 5, 13, 21, 28,
28, 21, 13, and 5, which is the same as in the case of the conventional lap winding, whereby the magnetomotive force distribution of the winding is
It is possible to make it substantially sinusoidal.

Since it is a two-layer concentric winding system,
The total number of turns of the coils housed in each slot is 33, 34, 34, as shown in FIG. 2 by focusing on the slots # 1 to # 8.
33, it is uniform in almost any slot, and it can be seen that the slot cross-sectional area is effectively utilized. FIG. 3 shows an example of the arrangement including the vertical relationship of the phase coils and the number of turns in the winding configuration shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
First, the U-phase all-pole coils U1 to U4 are housed in the slots, then the V-phase all-pole coils V1 to V4, and finally W.
The order in which the all-pole coils W1 to W4 of the phases are housed is followed.
In this way, in the two-layer concentric winding, the one-phase all-pole coil can be inserted at the same time, so that the winding can be easily housed and the winding can be inserted into the slot by a machine.

Therefore, according to the winding structure of the first embodiment, the same effect as the conventional sinusoidal winding can be exerted, and the winding device is the same as the non-sinusoidal winding. Can be used. In the winding configuration shown in FIG. 1, two series-connected pole coil groups are connected in parallel between the terminals U and X, and the number of winding parallel circuits is two.

The second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. This embodiment corresponds to the same pole of each phase in the two-layer concentric winding similar to the embodiment of FIG. Three
As shown in FIG. 4, for example, the U-phase first pole coil U1 is divided into # 5 to # 16 as shown in FIG. ,
The V-phase first pole coil V1 is arranged in the divided areas # 37 to # 48, and the W-phase first pole coil is arranged in the divided areas # 21 to # 32. Further, U2, V2, and W2, which are the second-pole coils of each phase of U, V, and W, are regions obtained by dividing the entire slot region of the armature core into three parts and correspond to the previous first-pole coil group. The divided areas are arranged in each divided area spatially, that is, in the circumferential direction by a mechanical angle of π / 2 corresponding to 2π / p (p is the number of poles), and the next third pole coil U
3, V3, and W3 are also regions obtained by dividing the entire slot region of the armature core into three parts, and are arranged in a divided region shifted by π / 2 from each divided region corresponding to the previous second pole coil. The next fourth pole coil U4, V4, W4 is also a region obtained by dividing the entire slot region of the armature core into three parts, and is a divided region shifted by π / 2 from each divided region corresponding to the previous third pole coil. It is located inside.

The order of inserting the coil group into the slot is as follows. That is, first the first pole coils U1, V1 and W2 of each phase separated by a mechanical angle of 2π / 3 are simultaneously inserted into the first three-divided region, and then the second phase of each phase also separated by 2π / 3. The pole coils U2, V2, W2 are simultaneously inserted in the respective second divided regions, and so on, in the same manner as U3, V3, W3 and U.
4, V4, and W4 pole coils are sequentially inserted. As a result, the insertion of all the coils is completed by the same number of times as the number of poles, that is, four times of insertion work, and the molding process is started.

In the armature winding wound based on the above-mentioned arrangement relationship of the coils and the insertion order, two coil sides are housed in each slot to form a two-layer concentric winding. here,
When viewed from the coil end side, the coils are arranged as shown in FIG. This arrangement relationship is such that the coil ends of each phase are sequentially arranged in the radial direction for each pole, and the pole coils are arranged for three phases in the same annular region, so that the winding impedance is balanced between the phases.

According to the second embodiment, the winding can be mechanically inserted even in the two-layer concentric winding. The third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 6. This is an example in which four poles, the number of slots is 48, and the number of parallel circuits of windings is four times. Here, each phase has pole coils U1 to U4, V1 to V4, W1
Since it is composed of four W4's, the number of parallel circuits of the winding can be quadrupled, as is apparent between the terminals U and X. In the conventional lap winding method, there are two pole coils for each phase, and the number of parallel circuits cannot be quadrupled. Therefore, by using this embodiment, the number of parallel circuits can be increased to p times at the p pole, and the degree of freedom in design is improved. Needless to say, the number of parallel circuits can be increased to one in the present invention.

The fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 shows four poles, 60 slots, and twice the number of parallel circuits. This winding is constructed as a two-layer concentric winding, and the U phase of each winding is a pole coil U1, U2,
U3, U4 and V phases are pole coils V1, V2, V3 and V4,
The W phase is composed of pole coils W1, W2, W3 and W4, and is composed of 12 concentric coils as a whole. This embodiment shows that even if the number of slots is changed from 48 to 60, the sine wave winding can be configured by two-layer concentric winding as described above.

Here, FIG. 8 shows a winding configuration when the number of parallel circuits in FIG. 7 is doubled to four times as a first modification of the fourth embodiment. For example, for the U phase, the pole coils U1 to U4 are connected in parallel between the terminals U and X, and there are four parallel circuits. The same applies to the V phase and the W phase. In this respect, the conventional lap winding method has two coils for each phase, and the number of parallel circuits cannot be quadrupled.

FIG. 9 shows a winding structure having four poles, 72 slots and twice the number of parallel circuits as a second modification. As shown in this figure, each pole coil is configured as a two-layer concentric winding, and the U phase is composed of pole coils U1, U2, U3, and U4.
The V phase is composed of pole coils V1, V2, V3 and V4, and the W phase is composed of pole coils W1, W2, W3 and W4. Therefore, it can be seen that even if the number of slots is changed to 72, the sine wave winding can be similarly configured by the two-layer concentric winding.

Here, FIG. 10 shows a winding configuration when the number of parallel circuits in FIG. 9 is doubled to four times as a third modification. From this figure, four pole coils for each phase are U1-U4, V
Since it has 1 to V4 and W1 to W4, it is understood that the number of parallel circuits of windings can be quadrupled. In the conventional lap winding method, the number of coils for each phase is two, and the number of parallel circuits cannot be quadrupled.

A fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13. This embodiment exemplifies a winding configuration having 6 poles, 72 slots, and 3 times the number of parallel circuits. As shown in FIG. 11, each pole coil is configured as a two-layer concentric winding, and U-phase pole coils U1, U2, and U are respectively provided.
3, U4, U5, U6, V-phase pole coils V1, V2, V
3, V4, V5, V6, W-phase pole coils W1, W2, W
3, W4, W5, W6, and is composed of a total of 18 concentric winding coils. Therefore, the number of poles is 4
It will be understood that the present invention allows the sinusoidal winding to be constructed with two layers of concentric windings even if the number of poles is changed to six.

Further, pole coils U1 to U6 and V1 to each phase are provided.
Since there are six V6 and six W1 to W6, it is possible to double or six times the number of parallel circuits of windings. In the conventional lap winding method, there are three pole coils for each phase, and the number of parallel circuits cannot be doubled or six times. FIG. 12 shows 6
Fifth embodiment of the winding configuration when the number of poles, the number of slots 72, and the number of parallel circuits is doubled, and FIG. This is shown as a first and second modification of the example. Therefore, by using this configuration, the number of parallel circuits can be doubled in 6 poles, and the degree of freedom in design is improved.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, examples of 4 poles 48 slots, 4 poles 60 slots, 4 poles 72 slots, 6 poles 72 slots have been described, but the present invention is not limited to these and other embodiments. Of course, it is possible to apply to the number of poles and the number of slots. Further, in the practice of the present invention, by setting the number of turns in the winding machine to an arbitrary value in advance, it is possible to manufacture a coil in which the number of turns is automatically changed. It is also possible to store the winding by.

[0027]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the sinusoidal winding structure is composed of two layers of concentric windings, the coil insertion work is simplified and the coil insertion can be mechanized. Moreover, the number of poles, the number of slots, and the number of parallel circuits of windings can be set to the same as the conventional non-sinusoidal winding configuration, and
Since the number of coils in each phase is the same as the number of poles, the selection range of the number of parallel circuits is widened and the degree of freedom in design is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a coil development view showing a sine wave winding according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the number of turns of a coil in a slot in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of coil arrangement of windings in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of coil ends according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a first modification of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a second modification of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a third modification of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a first modification of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a second modification of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a development view showing a conventional lap winding.

FIG. 15 is a view of the winding shown in FIG. 14 corresponding to FIG.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a magnetomotive force distribution of windings.

FIG. 17 is a comparison diagram of winding factors.

FIG. 18 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 14 showing a conventional example of three-phase four poles, 60 slots, and the number of parallels is twice.

FIG. 19 is a view corresponding to FIG. 14 showing the conventional configuration when the number of slots is changed to 72 in FIG.

FIG. 20 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 14 showing a conventional example in which three-phase six-poles, 72 slots, and the number of parallel circuits are tripled.

[Explanation of symbols]

U1 to U6 ... U phase pole coil, V1 to V6 ... V phase pole coil, W1 to W6 ... W phase pole coil, U, V, W, X, Y,
Z ... Terminal, 1-72 ... Slot number

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A sinusoidal winding in which the number of slots for each pole and each phase is q, and the magnetomotive force distribution of the winding is made substantially sinusoidal by varying the number of turns for each slot. An armature winding having: q, wherein coils of q continuous coils for each pole and for each phase are housed in a two-layer concentric winding. 2. A first-pole coil of each of the three phases is dispersedly arranged in each divided region that divides the entire slot region into three parts, and a next-pole coil of each phase sequentially divides the entire slot region into three parts. And the divided regions corresponding to the front pole are sequentially dispersed and arranged in divided regions spatially shifted by 2π / p (p is the number of poles) in mechanical angle. Item 1. The armature winding according to item 1. 3. The armature winding according to claim 1, wherein the number of poles is p and the number of parallel circuits of the winding is p times. 4. The armature winding according to claim 1, wherein the number of poles is 6, and the number of parallel circuits of the winding is double.