JPH06186320A - Survey device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a survey device that eliminates the waiting time which is generated when surveying reference point by a global position-measurement system and improves efficiency in survey work. CONSTITUTION:A tripod 2 is provided, and a bottom plate 5 is horizontally set on a top plate 3 of the tripod, and on the top plate 3 a light wave range finder 13 that finds the range from a range-finding reference point SP to an observation point is provided. On both ends of the plate, rod-like side arms 15 having an S-shape are vertically set, and an upper plate 16 is so mounted as it bridges the ends of the arms, and at the center of the plate, or just above the range-finding reference point of the range finder, a GPS antenna 17 is provided, and to that antenna, a control part main body 20, that calculates the position of range-finding reference point based on the signal from the antenna, is connected.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surveying instrument using a global positioning system (GPS) which is a satellite-based surveying technique.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a survey using a global positioning system (GPS), first, a GPS antenna is installed at a survey reference point, and the position of the survey reference point is determined by the global positioning system (GPS). After the survey was completed and the GPS survey was completed, the GPS antenna was removed from the reference point, and instead, a surveying instrument such as a lightwave rangefinder was installed at the reference point to survey the topography.

[0003]

However, it usually takes about 60 minutes to set the GPS antenna at the reference point and measure the position of the reference point of the survey by the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, during this period, the surveying work of the terrain and the like by the surveying instrument such as the light wave rangefinder is suspended, and thus the surveying using the global positioning system (GPS) has a problem that the time efficiency of the work is low. .

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a surveying instrument capable of eliminating the waiting time caused by the surveying of the reference point by the global positioning system (GPS) and improving the time efficiency of the surveying work. Has an aim.

According to the present invention, in a range finder (13) capable of measuring a distance from a distance measuring reference point (SP) to a target point (P1), the distance measuring reference point (SP) A GPS antenna (17) is provided directly above the GPS antenna (17), and the distance measurement reference point (SP) is detected based on the received signals (S1, S2, S3, S4) from the GPS antenna (17). Position calculation means (20i,
20j, 20k, 20l). In addition,
Numbers in parentheses are for convenience of reference to corresponding elements in the drawings, and thus the present description is not limited to the description in the drawings. below

The same applies to the column of [Operation].

[0005]

With the above-described structure, the present invention determines the position of the distance measurement reference point (SP) based on the received signals (S1, S2, S3, S4) from the GPS antenna 17. Based on, the distance to the target point is measured by a rangefinder, and the distance is detected.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention. Figure 2
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a side view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention, in which the objective lens of the optical distance measuring device shown in FIG. 1 is directed to the right in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a horizontal angle measuring mechanism and an altitude angle measuring mechanism of the lightwave rangefinder shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5A is a horizontal angle encoder and an altitude angle encoder mounted on the lightwave rangefinder. Is a front view of
FIG. 5B is a perspective view of only the horizontal angle encoder.
FIG. 6 is a view showing an optical system and a distance measuring mechanism provided inside the measuring section shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the main body of the surveying instrument of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the surveying instrument of the present invention is installed at a surveying site, FIG. 8 (a) is a view of the surveying instrument in a horizontal direction, and FIG. 8 (b) is a diagram showing the surveying instrument. . As shown in FIG. 8, the surveying instrument 1 of the present invention has a surveying instrument body 1a and a prism reflector 1b having a reflecting surface 1b1 capable of reflecting infrared rays in the same direction as the incident direction thereof. As shown in FIG. 1, the surveying instrument main body 1a has a tripod 2, and the tripod 2 has a roof 3 at its upper end (upper side in the drawing). A screw hole 3a is formed at the center thereof. On the upper surface 3b, which is the surface facing upwards on the roof 3,
A bottom plate 5 formed in a rectangular plate shape is laterally provided, and a screw hole 5a is formed in the center of the bottom plate 5 as shown in FIG. 1 so as to communicate with the screw hole 3a of the roof 3. Is formed by drilling. On the upper surface 5b of the bottom plate 5,
A cylinder 6 forming a cylindrical shape is erected, and a screw hole 6b is formed at the center of the bottom plate 6a of the cylinder 6 so as to communicate with the screw hole 5a of the bottom plate 5. Screw holes 3a of the roof 3 and screw holes 5 of the bottom plate 5
a, the bolt 7a is installed in the screw hole 6b of the bottom plate 6a,
The screw portion formed at the end of the bolt 7a is inserted through the screw hole 3a of the bolt 7a so as to protrude from the screw hole 6b of the bottom plate 6a. The screw portion of the bolt 7a has a nut 7b.
However, the top plate 3a, the bottom plate 5 and the bottom plate 6a are screwed together in a tight manner. A pin hole 6 is provided on the upper side wall of the cylinder 6.
c is formed so as to penetrate in a direction perpendicular to the side wall, and a cylindrical piston 10 is provided above the bottom plate 6a inside the cylinder 6 in a direction perpendicular to the roof 3.
That is, it is loosely fitted so as to be movable in the directions of arrows A and B in FIG. A spring 9 is contracted between the bottom plate 6a and the piston 10. The outer peripheral surface 10a of the piston 10 has three shift holes 10 formed in a direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 10a.
b, 10c, and 10d are parallel to the moving direction of the piston 10, that is, parallel to the directions of arrows A and B in FIG. 1 and on the straight line corresponding to the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6, at equal intervals L1, from the top, the shift holes 10b, 10c and 10d are arranged in this order. The pin 11 is provided in the shift hole 10c and the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6.
Is fitted in such a manner that it can be inserted and removed, and at the upper end (upper end in the drawing) of the piston 10, a mounting plate 12 formed in the shape of a rectangular plate is provided in the moving direction of the piston 10, that is, in the drawing. (1) It is fixed so as to form a surface perpendicular to the middle arrows A and B directions. Screw holes 12a, 12 are provided at the four corners of the mounting board 12.
a, 12a, 12a are formed by punching, and the mounting board 12
An optical rangefinder 13 is attached to the upper surface 12b of the
The screw 12 provided in the screw hole 12a of the mounting board 12 in such a manner that the distance measurement reference point SP set to e is provided on the center line CL.
It is attached by c. That is, the light-wave rangefinder 13 is
Mounting part 13 joined to mounting board 12 via screw 12c
and a vertical shaft 13b is attached to the mounting portion 13a.
It is erected so that its axis coincides with the center line CL. On the vertical shaft 13b, a rectangular tube-shaped turntable 13c having a hole 13c1 having a rectangular cross section is provided horizontally with the center line of the hole 13c1 being perpendicular to the center line CL as shown in FIGS. , And is rotatably supported around the center line CL, that is, in the directions of arrows C and D in FIGS.
The outer periphery of the vertical shaft 13b inside the 3c is shown in FIG.
As shown in (b), a horizontal angle encoder 21 is provided, that is, an outer peripheral surface of the vertical shaft 13b is formed of a highly transparent material in an annular shape, and pitches at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Around the main axis 13b1, a main scale 13b1 having a bright and dark pattern radially engraved with respect to the vertical axis is provided. On the bottom plate inside the rotary table 13c, a cylindrical inner cylinder 13c2 is erected concentrically on the vertical shaft 13b around a main scale 13b1 provided on the vertical shaft 13b. The surface of the main scale 13b1 is an index scale 13c3 that is formed of a highly transparent material in a circular ring shape and has a bright and dark pattern radially engraved with respect to the vertical axis at regular intervals in the circumferential direction. It is provided so as to face the scale 13b1 above.
At a position corresponding to the main scale 13b1 on the bottom plate of the turntable 13c, a light emitting diode 13c4 is provided so as to irradiate light toward the main scale 13b1 in the direction of the axis of the vertical axis. On the peripheral surface, on the optical path of the light emitting diode 13c4, the light emitting diode 13c
4 and the main scale 13b1 between the collimator lens 1
3c5 is provided. On the inner peripheral surface of the upper end of the inner cylinder 13c2, the photo sensor 13c6 is provided with the collimator lens 13
It is provided at a position facing the light emitting diode 13c4 with the c5, the main scale 13b1, and the index scale 13c3 sandwiched therebetween, and the hole 13c1 of the turntable 13c.
At the center of the left inner wall and the center of the right inner wall, horizontal axes 13d and 13d having axis HCL on straight lines intersecting with the center line CL at the distance measurement reference point SP and perpendicular to the center line CL are provided, respectively. There is. An elevation angle encoder 22 is provided at the end of the horizontal shaft 13d on the side rotatably supported by the rotary table 13c, similarly to the vertical shaft 13b, and the holes 13 of the horizontal shafts 13d and 13d are provided.
At the end in the direction of the c1 center, a box-shaped measuring unit 13e rotates around the horizontal axis HCL along with the horizontal shafts 13d and 13d, that is, in the directions E and F in FIG. 3 within a predetermined angle θ range. It is supported freely. An objective lens 13e1 is provided on the outer surface of the measurement unit 13e in a form that forms an optical axis from the distance measurement reference point SP in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal axis HCL, that is, a collimation line VCL in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, 13e1 is upward from the state where the collimation line VCL is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the center line CL, as the measuring unit 13e rotates about the horizontal axis HCL, that is, the arrow F. In the direction
It is rotatably provided in the range of a predetermined angle θ2 below the predetermined angle θ1, that is, in the arrow E direction. Measuring unit 1
On the outer surface of 3e, on the back surface of the surface on which the objective lens 13e1 is provided, an eyepiece 13e2 formed in a cylindrical shape is provided so that the center line of the hole matches the line of sight VCL, On the end surface of the hole of the eyepiece 13e2, the eyepiece 13e
3 is fitted in such a manner that its optical axis coincides with the collimation line VCL. As shown in FIG. 6, an optical system for collimation and distance measurement is provided inside the measurement unit 13e, that is, on the collimation line VCL between the objective lens 13e1 and the eyepiece 13e3. A dichroic mirror 13e4 that transmits visible light but reflects infrared light is provided so as to reflect downward (downward in the figure) infrared light that passes through the collimation line VCL and enters from the objective lens 13e1 side. A focusing lens 13e10 is provided on the collimation line VCL between the dichroic mirror 13e4 and the eyepiece lens 13e3, and is below the dichroic mirror 13e4 (downward in the figure).
In addition, a prism 13e5 forming a triangular prism has two corresponding apexes of two triangular outer surfaces on which the dichroic mirror 13 is formed.
It is provided so as to face e4. On one side of the prism 13e5 in the direction parallel to the horizontal axis HCL, a light emitting diode 13e7 capable of emitting infrared rays emits the infrared rays toward the prism 13e5 via an optical fiber 13e6, and the infrared rays form the prism. 13e5 and the dichroic mirror 13e4 so that the objective lens 13e1 can be emitted in parallel with the collimation line VCL. The opposite side of the light emitting diode 13e7 with the prism 13e5 interposed therebetween can receive infrared rays. 13e9
Is provided so that infrared rays incident on the objective lens 13e1 parallel to the collimation line VCL can be received via the dichroic mirror 13e4, the prism 13e5, and the optical fiber 13e8. In addition, the light-wave rangefinder 13 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG.
Are connected. At both ends (left and right ends in FIG. 1) of the bottom plate 5, two pipe-shaped side arms 15 and 15 each having an I-shaped front shape are formed as shown in FIG.
From the center line CL, the measuring unit 13e of the optical distance measuring device 13 rotates around the vertical axis (that is, the center line CL) and the horizontal axis H.
Leave a space L2 that can rotate freely around CL,
The side arm 15 is erected in a direction perpendicular to the bottom plate 5, and the side arm 15 has an S-shaped side surface as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, at the left end in FIG. 3 of the bottom plate 5 as viewed from the side, a rod-shaped lower arm 15a forming the lower part of the side arm 15 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 5. The lower arm 15a is provided upright, and a screw 15a1 is formed on the lower end of the lower arm 15a in the figure. The screw 15a1 is inserted into a screw hole 5c formed at the left end of the bottom plate 5 in the figure, and the screw 1
Two nuts 15a2 and 15a3 are screwed to 5a1 so as to sandwich the bottom plate 5a. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper end of the lower arm 15 a in the drawing is located at the second shift hole 10 c of the piston 10 and the pin hole 6 of the cylinder 6.
c is in communication and the sight line VCL of the measurement unit 13e is at the height of the sight line VCL in the state where it is perpendicular to the center line CL, and at the upper end of the lower arm 15a in the figure,
The lower arm 15a is formed in a rod shape and has a central arm 15b longer than the diameter of the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e, with its left end in the figure connected to the upper end of the lower arm 15a in the figure. Connected at a right angle to. A rod-shaped upper arm 15c is provided at the right end of the central arm 15b in the figure, and the lower end in the figure is connected to the right end of the central arm 15b in the figure. Central arm 1
5b, the rod-shaped connecting portion arm 15d is provided at the upper end of the upper arm 15c in the figure, and the right end of the rod-shaped connecting portion arm 15d in the figure is the upper end of the upper arm 15c in the figure. Is connected to the upper arm 15c at a right angle. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, an upper plate 16 formed in a rectangular plate shape is vertically provided on the connecting arms 15 d and 15 d so as to extend vertically to the side arms 15 and 15.
That is, tubular connecting portions 16a having holes 16a1 in the direction corresponding to the connecting portion arm 15d are formed at both ends (left and right ends in the figure) of the upper plate 16, respectively.
The connection arm 15d at the upper end of the side arm 15 is inserted into the hole 16a1 of "a". Further, the side wall of the connecting portion 16a has a screw hole 16a2 perpendicular to the hole 16a1.
Is drilled, and the screw 16a3 is screwed into the screw hole 16a2.
, But is screwed in such a manner as to press the connecting portion arm 15d inserted in the hole 16a1. A screw hole 16c is formed in the upper plate 16 on the extension line of the center line CL, that is, at the center of the upper plate 16 in the direction of the center line CL, and the upper surface 16b of the upper plate 16 is formed in a cylindrical shape. A mounting pipe 17a having an inner peripheral surface threaded with a female screw 17b is inserted into the screw hole 16c from the lower side to the upper side in the figure, and is mounted so as to be screwed with the screw 16d protruding from the upper surface 16b. A dome-shaped GPS antenna 17 is attached to the upper end of the mounting pipe 17a in such a manner that the receiving surface faces upward in the figure and the center of the surface is located on the center line CL. Control unit main body 20 via 19b
Are connected. As shown in FIG. 7, the control unit main body 20 has a main control unit 20o, and the main control unit 20o is provided with a horizontal angle detection unit 20a, an altitude angle detection unit 20b, and a transmission angle via a bus line 20n. Light unit 20c, light receiving unit 20d, time detection control unit 20e, time detection unit 20f, distance detection unit 20
g, reception time detection unit 20i, reference point distance detection unit 20k,
The reference position detection unit 201 and the measurement point position detection unit 20m are connected. A horizontal angle encoder 21 is connected to the horizontal angle detection unit 20a, and an altitude angle encoder 22 is connected to the altitude angle detection unit 20b. A light emitting diode 13e7 is connected to the light transmitting unit 20c, and a light receiving diode 13e9 is connected to the light receiving unit 20d. The GPS antenna 17 is connected to the signal decoding unit 20i and the reception time detection unit 20j, and the clock 23 is connected to the reception time detection unit 20j.

Since the surveying instrument 1 has the above-described structure, when surveying the position of the arbitrary survey point P1 on the earth at the surveying site, first, as shown in FIG. 8, the surveying instrument of the present invention is used. The main body 1a is installed on a predetermined reference point P0, the prism reflecting mirror 1b is installed on the measuring point P1, and its reflecting surface 1b1 is directed toward the surveying apparatus main body 1a. At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, the surveying instrument main body 1a is installed with the tripod 2 so that the centerline CL is oriented vertically and the surveying reference point P0 is located on the extension line of the centerline CL. As shown in FIG. 8, the collimation line VCL of the measuring unit 13e is an intersection line between a horizontal plane Sh perpendicular to the centerline CL preset in the measuring apparatus body 1a and a vertical plane Sv perpendicular to the horizontal plane Sh. L
Install in the direction parallel to o. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the GPS antenna 17 provided on the center line CL directs the receiving surface of the antenna 17 vertically above the surveying reference point, and the center of the receiving surface is used as the surveying reference point. It will be installed vertically above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8A, the GPS antenna 17 accurately transmits the position of the satellite 30a (to 30d) vertically above the surveying reference point P0 from the GPS satellite 30a (to 30d). A1 (~
A4) and a signal S1 representing the transmission time Tl1 (to Tl4)
(~ S4) can be received, and the signal S1 (~ S4)
4) is input to the control unit main body 20 via the cable 19a. Then, in the control unit main body 20, the main control unit 20o shown in FIG. 7 controls the signal decoding unit 20i, the reception time detection unit 20j, and the reference point distance detection unit 20k as follows based on the program input in advance. To do. First, GP
The signal S1 (to S4) received by the S antenna 17 is input to the reception time detection unit 20j and the signal decoding unit 20i. In the reception time detection unit 20j, the reception time Ta of the signal S1 (to S4) is immediately received when the signal S1 (to S4) is input.
1 (to Ta4) is detected based on the time of the clock 23 connected to the reception time detection unit 20j. In addition, the signal decoding unit 2
At 0i, based on the signal S1 (to S4), the GPS satellite 3
The transmission position A1 (-A4) at which 0a (-30d) transmitted the signal S1 (-S4) and the transmission time Tl1 (-Tl4) are detected. Then, the reception time Ta1 (to Ta4) detected by the reception time detection unit 20j and the signal decoding unit 20i.
The transmission position A1 (to A4) and the transmission time Tl1 (to Tl4) detected by are input to the reference point distance detection unit 20k, and the reference point distance detection unit 20k receives the reception time Ta1.
GP according to (~ Ta4) and transmission time Tl1 (~ Tl4)
The arrival time from when the signal S1 (to S4) is transmitted from the S satellite 30a (to 30d) to when it is received by the GPS antenna 17 is calculated, and the arrival time and the known signal S1 (to S) are calculated.
From the transmission speed of 4), the distance L11 from the GPS satellite 30a (to 30d) to the distance measurement reference point SP on the survey reference point P0
(-L14) is calculated and detected. Then, the distance L1 from the GPS satellite 30a (to 30d) to the distance measurement reference point SP
1 (to L14) and GP detected by the signal decoding unit 20i
The position A1 (to A4) of the S satellite 30a (to 30d) is input to the reference position detection unit 201. Reference position detector 20
At l, the distance L11 (to L14) and the position A1 (to A4)
When four or more pairs are input, the position of the distance measurement reference point SP on the survey reference point P0 on the globe is detected.

The center line CL of the surveying instrument main body 1a of the present invention is oriented by the tripod 2 in the vertical direction.
Since the surveying reference point P0 is located on the extension line of the distance measurement reference point SP, which is the starting point of the surveying, set on the center line CL of the measuring unit 13e of the optical distance measuring instrument 13
Is installed vertically above the survey reference point P0, so that it is possible to accurately measure any survey point P1 from the survey reference point P0. That is, the bottom plate 5, the side arms 15, 15 and the upper plate 16 that support the GPS antenna 17 provided above the lightwave distance measuring device 13 from the top of the tripod 2 are the lightwave distance measuring device 13 The measuring unit 13e of
The measuring unit 13 is provided so as not to interfere even when it is rotated about the vertical axis (centerline CL) and the horizontal axis HCL, and the GPS antenna 17 is fixed.
The collimation line VCL of e can be rotated in the horizontal direction by 360 degrees and vertically in the range of a predetermined angle θ to measure the measuring point P1 located in any direction of the range. However, FIG.
When the measurement point P1 is located in the direction in which the side arm 15 shields the field of view of the objective lens 13e1 of the measurement unit 13e as shown in FIG.
The field of view is not shielded by the side arm 15.
First, when the upper part of the lower arm 15a is included in the part that shields the field of view of the objective lens 13e1, the pin 11 that locks the cylinder 6 and the piston 10 is shifted to the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the piston 10. Remove from hole 10c. Then, the piston 10 and the optical distance measuring device 13 are arranged so that the spring 9 compressed between the piston 10 and the cylinder bottom plate 6a.
Is moved vertically upward, that is, in the direction of arrow A in FIG. Then, the side arm 15 is formed in an S shape, and since the side arm 15 is not vertically above the lower arm 15a and the central arm 15b connected at a right angle to the upper end of the lower arm 15a, from the field of view of the objective lens 13e. The lower arm 15a can be removed. Moreover, since the piston 10 has moved vertically upward with respect to the cylinder 6,
A predetermined amount L1 from the shift hole 10c on the side wall of the piston 10.
The shift hole 10d provided only at the vertically lower position moves to the position of the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6. Therefore, while finely adjusting the shift hole 10d of the piston 10 and the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 to communicate with each other,
Pin hole 6c of cylinder 6 and shift hole 1 of piston 10
The cylinder 6 and the piston 10 are locked.
Then, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e moves vertically upward by a predetermined amount L1 and is fixed at a position where the visual field is not obstructed by the side arm 15, so that the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e sees the side arm 15 in the visual field. Can be directed in the direction of the measuring point P1 without being shielded. Next, when the lower end of the upper arm 15a is included in the part that shields the field of view of the objective lens 13e1, the pin 11 that locks the cylinder 6 and the piston 10 is inserted into the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the piston 10. A spring 9 is pulled out from the shift hole 10c, and the optical wave range finder 13 and thus the piston 10 is compressed between the piston 10 and the cylinder bottom plate 6a.
Against a vertical direction, that is, a predetermined amount L in the vertical downward direction, that is, in the direction of arrow B in FIG.
Push down by 1. Then, the side arm 15 is formed in an S shape, and the upper arm 15c and the upper arm 1 are
Since there is no side arm 15 vertically below the central arm 15b connected to the lower end of 5c at a right angle, the objective lens 1
The side arm 15 can be removed from the visual field of 3e.
Further, since the piston 10 moves vertically downward with respect to the cylinder 6 by a predetermined amount L1, the shift hole 10b provided on the side wall of the piston 10 vertically above the shift hole 10c by the predetermined amount L1 is just a cylinder. 6 pin holes 6
Move to position c. Therefore, the pin 11 is inserted into the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the shift hole 10b of the piston 10 while finely adjusting so that the shift hole 10b of the piston 10 and the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 communicate with each other. Lock 10 Then, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e moves vertically downward by a predetermined amount L1,
Since it is fixed to the side arm 15 at a position where the visual field is not obstructed, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e can be directed toward the measuring point P1 without being blocked by the side arm 15. Further, when the shield portion is only the central arm 15b, any one of the above-described operations when the shield portion includes the upper end of the lower arm 15a and when the shield portion includes the lower end of the upper arm 15c is performed. As a result, since the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e is fixed to the side arm 15 at a position where the visual field is not obstructed, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e is not blocked by the side arm 15 and the measuring point is not measured. You can turn to P1. Therefore, first, the measuring unit 13e of the surveying instrument body 1a is moved around the vertical axis (that is, the center line C
Rotation around L) and the horizontal axis HCL around the measuring unit 1
The direction of the collimation line VCL of 3e is directed to the reflecting surface 1b1 of the prismatic reflecting mirror 1b installed at the measurement point P1. Then,
By the horizontal angle encoder 21 and the horizontal angle detection unit 20a provided on the outer periphery of the vertical shaft 13b shown in FIG. 5 (a), the sight line VCL of the rotary table 13c, and thus the measuring unit 13e, is previously set in the surveying device body 1a. A rotation angle rotated about the vertical axis 13b from the set vertical surface Sv, that is, a horizontal angle α that is an angular position around the distance measurement reference point SP with respect to the vertical surface Sv shown in FIG. 8B is detected. . That is, the horizontal angle encoder 21 has the light emitting diode 13c4 installed inside the turntable 13c, and the light emitting diode 13e is provided.
Reference numeral 7 designates a collimator lens 13c5 which converts light emitted from the light emitting diode 13c4 into a parallel light flux, a main scale 13b1 which is made of a highly transparent material and is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the vertical shaft 13b in an annular shape, and also has the same transparency. Of the photo sensor 13c6 with the index scale 13c3, which is made of a high material, and which is fixed in an annular shape at a position facing the main scale 13b1 inside the rotary table 13c.
It always emits light toward. Therefore, the turntable 13c
When the index scale 13c3 is rotated around the vertical axis 13b together with the index scale 13c3, as shown in FIG. 5B, the main scale 13b1 is radially engraved at equal pitches in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of the vertical axis. The dark part of the pattern,
Since the dark portions of the bright and dark patterns similar to the pattern of the main scale 13b1 engraved on the index scale 13c3 overlap or separate each time the fixed pitch rotates, the light intensity detected by the photosensor 13c6 is constant. Each rotation of the pitch has strength. Then, the horizontal angle detection unit 20a shown in FIG. 7 connected to the photo sensor 13c6 accumulates the number of times of the light intensity based on the intensity of the light detected by the photo sensor 13c6, and thus the index scale 13c3 is calculated. Main scale 1
The number of pitches rotated with respect to 3b1 is detected, whereby the line-of-sight line VCL of the measurement unit 13e is rotated about the vertical axis 13b from the vertical plane Sv, that is, FIG. 8B.
The horizontal angle α, which is the angular position of the measurement point P1 around the distance measurement reference point SP with respect to the vertical plane Sv, is detected. Further, the horizontal angle encoder 21 and the horizontal angle detection unit 20 are provided by the altitude angle encoder 22 shown in FIG. 5A and the high angle detection unit 20b shown in FIG.
Similarly to the horizontal angle detection by a, the collimation line V of the measuring unit 13e
An angle of rotation of CL around a horizontal axis 13d from a horizontal plane Sh preset for the surveying instrument body 1a, that is, a distance measurement reference point S with respect to the horizontal plane Sh shown in FIG. 8A.
The altitude angle β, which is the angular position of the measurement point P1 around P, is detected. Next, under the control of the light transmitting unit 20c shown in FIG. 7, when infrared rays are emitted by the light emitting diode 13e7, the infrared rays pass through the optical fiber 13e6, the prism 13e5, and the dichroic mirror 13e4 as shown in FIG. The light travels from the objective lens 13e1 parallel to the collimation line VCL toward the reflecting surface 1b1 of the reflecting mirror 1b. At this time, FIG.
The light transmitting unit 20c shown in (1) outputs the emission signal S11 informing the emission of the infrared rays to the time detection control unit 20e. Upon receiving the emission signal S11, the time detection control unit 20e immediately outputs the measurement start signal S12 for instructing the time detection unit 20f to start measuring time. Then, the time detection unit 20f
When the measurement start signal S12 is input, starts measuring time. Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the infrared rays are reflected by the reflecting surface 1b1 of the prismatic reflecting mirror 1b in a direction parallel to the incident direction to the reflecting surface 1b1, that is, in the direction of the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e. , The dichroic mirror 13e enters the objective lens 13e1 as shown in FIG.
4, when the light is received by the light receiving diode 13e9 via the prism 13e5 and the optical fiber 13e8, the light receiving unit 20d connected to the light receiving diode 13e9 outputs a light receiving signal S13 for notifying reception of infrared rays as shown in FIG. Output to 20e. Time detection control unit 20e
When receiving the light reception signal S13, outputs a measurement end signal S22 instructing the end of time measurement to the time detection unit 20f. Then, the time detection unit 20f causes the measurement end signal S22.
Ends the time measurement. And the time detector 2
At 0f, the infrared light is emitted from the light emitting diode 13e7, and then the light receiving diode 13
The time T1 until the light is received at e8 is detected, and the time T1 is output to the distance detector 20g. Then, the distance detection unit 20
g is the time T1 and the known propagation velocity of the infrared ray,
After infrared rays are emitted from the light emitting diode 13e7,
By calculating the distance until the light is received by the light receiving diode 13e8 and correcting the distance, the distance from the distance measuring reference point SP of the measuring unit 13e to the prism reflecting mirror 1b, that is, the measuring point P
The distance D1 to 1 is detected. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the distance measurement reference point S detected by the horizontal angle detection unit 20a.
The horizontal angle α of the measurement point P1 with respect to P and the altitude angle detection unit 20b
And the distance D from the distance measurement reference point SP on the surveying reference point P1 detected by the distance detection unit 20g to the distance measurement reference point SP detected by
1 and the position SP (x, y, z) on the earth of the distance measurement reference point SP detected by the reference position detection unit 201 are input to the measurement point position detection unit 20m. Then, the measuring point position detection unit 20m calculates the position of the measuring point P1 with respect to the distance measuring reference point SP from the horizontal angle α, the altitude angle β, and the distance D1, and calculates the position of the measuring point P1 with respect to the distance measuring reference point SP. The position P1 (x, y, z) on the earth of the measuring point P1 can be detected by the position SP (x, y, z) of the distance measuring reference point SP on the earth. Therefore, the surveying instrument 1 of the present invention includes the GPS antenna 1
While the surveying of the reference point P0 of the surveying is performed by 7 or the like, the surveying of the predetermined surveying point P1 can be performed from the reference point P0 of the surveying by the optical distance measuring instrument 13 or the like in parallel with this. As in the survey using the Global Positioning System (GPS), first, the GPS antenna 17 is installed at the survey reference point P0, and the survey reference point P0 is set to the Global Positioning System (GP).
After the measurement by S), the GPS antenna 17 is removed from the reference point P0, and instead, a surveying instrument such as the optical distance measuring instrument 13 is installed at the reference point P0 to measure the predetermined measurement point P1. It is possible to omit it, and it is possible to improve the time efficiency of the survey work by eliminating the waiting time of about 60 minutes that is spent only for surveying the reference point P0 by the global positioning system (GPS). Further, the surveying instrument 1 of the present invention is
By disassembling as described below, it can be stored in a small storage space, so that it can be easily transported by an automobile or the like. That is, first, by removing the screw 16d,
By removing the GPS antenna 17 from the upper plate 16 and loosening the screw 16a3 that holds the connecting portion 16a of the upper plate 16 and the connecting portion arm 15d of the side arm 15, the hole 16 of the connecting portion 16a of the upper plate 16 is removed.
Remove the connection arm 15d from a1 to remove the side arm 1
Remove the upper plate 16 from 5, 15. Next, attach the nut 15a3 to the screw 15a formed on the side arm 15.
Both of the side arms 15 and 15 are pulled out from the screw holes formed at both ends of the bottom plate 5 by removing the side arms 15 and 15. Next, the lightwave distance measuring device 13 is removed from the mounting plate 12 by removing the screws 12c, 12c, 12c, 12c screwing the lightwave distance measuring device 13 and the mounting plate 12 together. The piston 10, the cylinder 6, the bottom plate 5, and the tripod 2 can also be disassembled by removing the pin 11 and the screw 7a. Also, at the survey site,
When assembling the device 1, the device 1 can be easily assembled in the reverse order of the above procedure. In the above embodiment, the lightwave distance-measuring device 13 need not necessarily be the lightwave distance-measuring device 13 as long as the distance-measuring device can measure the measurement point P1 from the reference point SP.

[0009]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In a rangefinder such as a lightwave rangefinder 13 capable of measuring a distance from a range-finding reference point SP to a target point such as a point P1, a GPS antenna 17 is provided directly above the range-finding reference point SP, and the GPS The signal S1 from the GPS antenna is sent to the antenna.
The position SP of the distance measurement reference point SP based on the received signal such as
Since the signal decoding unit 20i that calculates (x, y, z), the reception time detection unit 20j, the reference point distance detection unit 20k, the reference position detection unit 20l, and the like are provided, the GP is used.
The position calculation means calculates the position SP (x, y, z) of the distance measurement reference point SP based on the received signal such as the signal S1 received by the S antenna 17, and in parallel with this, the light wave distance measurement is performed. From the distance measuring reference point to the measuring point P by means of a distance measuring instrument such as the sill 13
Since the distance to the target point such as 1 can be measured, the GPS antenna 17 is first installed at the reference point of the survey like the survey using the conventional global positioning system (GPS), and the position of the reference point of the survey is set. Is measured by the global positioning system (GPS), then the GPS antenna 17 is removed from the reference point, and instead, a surveying instrument such as the optical rangefinder 13 is installed at the reference point to measure the predetermined measurement point. It is possible to eliminate the trouble of, and to eliminate the waiting time of about 60 minutes, which is spent only for the measurement of the reference point by the Global Positioning System (GPS), and to improve the time efficiency of the survey work.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the surveying instrument body of the present invention,
It is the figure which turned the objective lens of the light wave rangefinder shown in FIG. 1 to the right side in FIG.

5 is a view showing a horizontal angle measuring mechanism and an altitude angle measuring mechanism of the lightwave rangefinder shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5A is a horizontal angle encoder and a horizontal angle encoder mounted on the lightwave rangefinder. FIG. 5 is a front view of the altitude angle encoder, and FIG. 5B is a perspective view of only the horizontal angle encoder.

6 is a diagram showing an optical system and a distance measuring mechanism provided inside the measuring unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the surveying instrument of the present invention is installed in a surveying site, FIG. 8 (a) is a view of the surveying instrument in a horizontal direction, and FIG. 8 (b) is a perspective view of the surveying instrument. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Surveying device 13 ... Rangefinder (light wave rangefinder) 17 ... GPS antenna 20i ... Position calculation means (signal decoding section) 20j ... Position calculation means (reception time detection section) 20k ... Position calculation Means (reference point distance detection section) 20l ... Position calculation means (reference position detection section) S1 ... Received signal (signal) SP ... Distance measurement reference point P1 ... Target point (measurement point)

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 28, 1992

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Full text

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Document name] Statement

[Title of Invention] Surveying device

[Claims]

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surveying instrument using a global positioning system (GPS) which is a satellite-based surveying technique.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a survey using a global positioning system (GPS), first, a GPS antenna is installed at a survey reference point, and the position of the survey reference point is determined by the global positioning system (GPS). After the survey was completed and the GPS survey was completed, the GPS antenna was removed from the reference point, and instead, a surveying instrument such as a lightwave rangefinder was installed at the reference point to survey the topography.

[0003]

However, it usually takes about 60 minutes to set the GPS antenna at the reference point and measure the position of the reference point of the survey by the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, during this period, the surveying work of the terrain and the like by the surveying instrument such as the light wave rangefinder is suspended, and thus the surveying using the global positioning system (GPS) has a problem that the time efficiency of the work is low. .

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a surveying instrument capable of eliminating the waiting time caused by the surveying of the reference point by the global positioning system (GPS) and improving the time efficiency of the surveying work. Has an aim.

According to the present invention, in a range finder (13) capable of measuring a distance from a distance measuring reference point (SP) to a target point (P1), the distance measuring reference point (SP) A GPS antenna (17) is provided directly above the GPS antenna (17), and the distance measurement reference point (SP) is detected based on the received signals (S1, S2, S3, S4) from the GPS antenna (17). Position calculation means (20i,
20j, 20k, 20l). In addition,
Numbers in parentheses are for convenience of reference to corresponding elements in the drawings, and thus the present description is not limited to the description in the drawings. below

The same applies to the column of [Operation].

[0005]

With the above-described structure, the present invention determines the position of the distance measurement reference point (SP) based on the received signals (S1, S2, S3, S4) from the GPS antenna 17. Based on, the distance to the target point is measured by a rangefinder, and the distance is detected.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention. Figure 2
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a side view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention, in which the objective lens of the optical distance measuring device shown in FIG. 1 is directed to the right in FIG. FIG. 5 shows in FIG.
In the horizontal angle measurement mechanism and the altitude angle measurement mechanism of the light wave rangefinder
Horizontal angle encoder and altitude mounted on the optical rangefinder
It is a front view which shows a corner encoder. Figure 6 is in Figure 5
It is a perspective view which shows the encoder for horizontal angles. FIG. 7 shows FIG.
It is a figure which shows the optical system and distance measuring mechanism which were provided in the inside of the measurement part shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the main body of the surveying instrument of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram of the surveying instrument of the present invention installed in a surveying site, FIG. 9 (a) is a horizontal view of the surveying device, and FIG. 9 (b) is a diagram of the surveying device. . As shown in FIG. 9 , the surveying instrument 1 of the present invention has a surveying instrument body 1a and a prism reflector 1b having a reflecting surface 1b1 capable of reflecting infrared rays in the same direction as the incident direction thereof. The surveying instrument body 1a, as shown in FIG.
It has a tripod 2, and the tripod 2 is above it (upper in the figure).
Has a top 3 at its end, and the top 3 has a screw hole 3a formed at the center thereof. A bottom plate 5 formed in a rectangular plate shape is laterally provided on an upper surface 3b which is a surface facing upward in the roof 3, and the bottom plate 5 is provided at the center of the bottom plate 5 as shown in FIG. Screw hole 5
a is formed so as to communicate with the screw hole 3a of the roof 3. A cylinder 6 forming a cylindrical shape is erected on the upper surface 5b of the bottom plate 5, and the bottom plate 6a of the cylinder 6 is provided.
A screw hole 6b is formed in the center of the base plate 5 so as to communicate with the screw hole 5a of the bottom plate 5. A bolt 7a is inserted into the screw hole 3a of the top plate 3, the screw hole 5a of the bottom plate 5, and the screw hole 6b of the bottom plate 6a from the screw hole 3a of the top plate 3, and a screw formed at the end of the bolt 7a. The nut 7b is screwed into the threaded portion of the bolt 7a in such a manner as to tighten the top plate 3a, the bottom plate 5, and the bottom plate 6a. . A pin hole 6c is formed in the upper side wall of the cylinder 6 so as to penetrate in a direction perpendicular to the side wall. Above the bottom plate 6a inside the cylinder 6, a cylindrical piston 10 is formed.
Is a direction perpendicular to the roof 3, that is, arrows A and B in FIG.
It is loosely fitted so that it can move in any direction. A spring 9 is contracted between the bottom plate 6a and the piston 10. The outer peripheral surface 10a of the piston 10 has three shift holes 10b, 10c, 10d formed in a direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 10a.
On the straight line parallel to the moving direction of the piston 10, that is, the direction of the arrows A and B in FIG. 1 and corresponding to the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6, at equal intervals L1, from the top, the shift holes 10b, 10c,
They are arranged in the order of 10d. A pin 11 is inserted into the shift hole 10c and the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 so as to be insertable and removable, and the upper end (upper end in the figure) of the piston 10 is formed in a rectangular plate shape. Mounted board 12
Are fixed so as to form a surface perpendicular to the moving direction of the piston 10, that is, the direction of arrows A and B in FIG. Mounting board 1
Screw holes 12a, 12a, 12a, 12a at the four corners of 2
Is formed by punching, and the upper surface 12b of the mounting board 12 is
The lightwave distance measuring device 13 is attached by a screw 12c provided in a screw hole 12a of the mounting board 12 in a manner that the distance measuring reference point SP set in the measuring portion 13e is provided on the center line CL. That is, the optical distance measuring instrument 13 has a mounting portion 13a joined to the mounting board 12 via a screw 12c, and the mounting portion 13a has a vertical shaft 13b whose center axis is the center line CL. They are erected in a matched form. The vertical shaft 13b has a rectangular tube-shaped turntable 1 having a hole 13c1 having a rectangular cross section.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, 3c is provided horizontally with the center line of the hole 13c1 perpendicular to the center line CL, and around the center line CL, that is, in the directions of arrows C and D in FIGS. 1 and 2. Is rotatably supported by the vertical shaft 1 inside the turntable 13e.
As shown in FIGS . 5 and 6 , a horizontal angle encoder 21 is provided on the outer periphery of 3b, that is, the outer peripheral surface of the vertical shaft 13b is formed of a highly transparent material in an annular shape. A main scale 13 in which a bright and dark pattern is radially engraved with respect to the vertical axis at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction.
b1 is provided around. On the bottom plate inside the turntable 13c, there is a main scale 13b1 provided around a vertical shaft 13b.
A cylindrical inner cylinder 13c2 is erected concentrically around the vertical shaft 13b around the circumference of the inner cylinder. The inner peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 13c2 is made of a highly transparent material in a circular ring shape, and the like. An index scale 13c3 in which a bright and dark pattern is radially engraved with respect to the vertical axis at a pitch of intervals is provided above the main scale 13b1 so as to face the scale 13b1. At the position corresponding to the main scale 13b1 on the bottom plate of the turntable 13c, the light emitting diode 1
3c4 is provided so that light can be emitted toward the main scale 13b1 in the direction of the axis of the vertical axis.
On the inner peripheral surface of 2, on the optical path of the light emitting diode 13c4,
A collimator lens 13c5 is provided between the light emitting diode 13c4 and the main scale 13b1. Inner cylinder 1
On the inner peripheral surface of the upper end of 3c2, the photo sensor 13c6 is
Collimator lens 13c5, main scale 13b1,
It is provided at a position facing the light emitting diode 13c4 with the index scale 13c3 sandwiched therebetween, and at the center of the left inner wall and the center of the right inner wall of the hole 13c1 of the turntable 13c, the center line CL and the distance measurement reference point SP are provided. Horizontal axis 13 having axis HCL on a straight line that intersects and is perpendicular to center line CL
d and 13d are provided respectively. An altitude angle encoder 22 is provided at the end of the horizontal shaft 13d on the side pivotally supported by the rotary table 13c, similarly to the vertical shaft 13b, and ends of the horizontal shafts 13d and 13d in the direction of the center of the hole 13c1. A box-shaped measuring unit 13e is rotatably supported around the horizontal axis HCL along with the horizontal shafts 13d and 13d, that is, in the directions of arrows E and F in FIG. Measuring unit 1
An objective lens 13e1 is provided on the outer surface of 3e so as to form an optical axis from the distance measurement reference point SP in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal axis HCL, that is, a line of sight VCL in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, from the state where the collimation line VCL is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the center line CL, the measurement unit 13e rotates upward about the horizontal axis HCL, that is, in the direction of arrow F. Is rotatably provided in a range of a predetermined angle θ1 downward, that is, in the direction of arrow E. The objective lens 13e on the outer surface of the measuring unit 13e
On the back surface of the surface on which 1 is provided, an eyepiece portion 13e2 formed to project in a cylindrical shape is provided in such a manner that the center line of the hole coincides with the sight line VCL. An eyepiece lens 13e3 is fitted on the end face in such a manner that its optical axis coincides with the line of sight VCL. As shown in FIG. 7 , an optical system for collimation and distance measurement is provided inside the measurement unit 13e, that is, on the collimation line VCL between the objective lens 13e1 and the eyepiece 13e3. , Dichroic mirror 13e4 that transmits visible light but reflects infrared light
However, the infrared rays that pass through the collimation line VCL and enter from the objective lens 13e1 side are reflected downward (downward in the drawing). The focusing lens 13e1 is located on the collimation line VCL between the dichroic mirror 13e4 and the eyepiece lens 13e3.
0 is provided below the dichroic mirror 13e4 (downward in the figure), a prism 13e forming a triangular prism.
5 is provided such that two corresponding vertices of the outer surfaces of the two triangles face the dichroic mirror 13e4. A light emitting diode 13e7 capable of emitting infrared rays is provided on one side of the prism 13e5 in the direction parallel to the horizontal axis HCL.
But through the optical fiber 13e6, the prism 13e5
The infrared light is emitted toward the prism 13e.
5, a light-receiving diode capable of receiving infrared rays is provided on the opposite side of the light-emitting diode 13e7 with the prism 13e5 sandwiched between the objective lens 13e1 and the collimation line VCL via the dichroic mirror 13e4. 13e9 is the objective lens 1 parallel to the collimation line VCL
The infrared rays incident on the 3e1 are converted into the dichroic mirror 13
It is provided so that light can be received via e4, the prism 13e5, and the optical fiber 13e8. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the control unit body 20 is connected to the optical distance measuring instrument 13 via a cable 19a. Also, the bottom plate 5
At both ends (left and right ends in FIG. 1) of the pipe, two pipe-shaped side arms 15, 15 whose front shape is formed in an I shape are respectively provided from the center line CL, as shown in FIG. In the direction perpendicular to the bottom plate 5, the measurement portion 13e of 13 is provided with a space L2 such that the measurement portion 13e can freely rotate about the vertical axis (that is, the center line CL) and the horizontal axis HCL. As shown in FIG. 3, the side arm 15 is erected, and the side arm 15 has an S-shaped side surface. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, at the left end in FIG. 3 of the bottom plate 5 as viewed from the side, a rod-shaped lower arm 15a forming the lower part of the side arm 15 is perpendicular to the bottom plate 5. The lower arm 15a is provided upright, and a screw 15a1 is formed on the lower end of the lower arm 15a in the figure. The screw 15a1 is inserted into a screw hole 5c formed at the left end of the bottom plate 5 in the drawing, and the screw 15a1 has two nuts 15a2,
15a3 are screwed together so as to sandwich the bottom plate 5a. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper end of the lower arm 15a in the figure makes the second shift hole 10c of the piston 10 communicate with the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the sight line VCL of the measuring unit 13e is the center line. It is located at the height of the collimation line VCL in a state perpendicular to CL, and is formed in a rod shape at the upper end of the lower arm 15a in the figure, and has a central portion longer than the diameter of the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e. Arm 15b
The left end in the figure is connected to the lower arm 15a at a right angle in the form of being connected to the upper end of the lower arm 15a in the figure. A rod-shaped upper arm 15c is provided at the right end of the central arm 15b in the figure, and the lower end in the figure is connected to the right end of the central arm 15b in the figure. It stands upright on the central arm 15b, and the rod-shaped connecting arm 15 is provided at the upper end of the upper arm 15c in the figure.
d is provided at right angles to the upper arm 15c so that the right end of the drawing is connected to the upper end of the upper arm 15c in the drawing. In addition, as shown in FIG.
An upper plate 16 formed in the shape of a rectangular plate is vertically provided on the side arms 15 and 15 at 5d and 15d. That is, at both ends (left and right ends in the drawing) of the upper plate 16, holes 1 are formed in the direction corresponding to the connecting arm 15d.
Each of the tubular connecting portions 16a having a portion 6a1 is formed, and the side arm 15 is provided in the hole 16a1 of the connecting portion 16a.
The connection arm 15d at the upper end is inserted. Further, a screw hole 16a2 perpendicular to the hole 16a1 is formed in the side wall of the connecting portion 16a, and a screw 16a3 presses the connecting portion arm 15d inserted into the hole 16a1 in the screw hole 16a2. It is screwed in the form. The upper plate 16 has an extension of the center line CL, that is, the upper plate 1
A screw hole 16c is formed in the center of 6 in the direction of the center line CL, and an upper surface 16b of the upper plate 16 is provided with a mounting pipe 17a formed in a cylindrical shape and having an internal thread 17b threaded on its inner peripheral surface. It is inserted into the screw hole 16c from the lower side to the upper side in the drawing, and is attached so as to be screwed with the screw 16d protruding from the upper surface 16b. A dome-shaped GPS antenna 17 is attached to the upper end of the mounting pipe 17a in such a manner that the receiving surface faces upward in the figure and the center of the surface is located on the center line CL. The control unit body 20 is connected via 19b. Control unit main body 20
Has a main controller 20o, as shown in FIG.
In the main controller 20o, a horizontal angle detector 20a, an altitude angle detector 20b, a light transmitter 20c, a light receiver 20d, a time detection controller 20e, a time detector 20f, via a bus wire 20n.
The distance detection unit 20g, the reception time detection unit 20i, the reference point distance detection unit 20k, the reference position detection unit 201, and the measurement point position detection unit 20m are connected. A horizontal angle encoder 21 is connected to the horizontal angle detection unit 20a, and an altitude angle encoder 22 is connected to the altitude angle detection unit 20b. In addition, the light transmitting section 20c includes a light emitting diode 13e.
7 is connected, and a light receiving diode 13e9 is connected to the light receiving portion 20d. In addition, the GPS antenna 17 is connected to the signal decoding unit 20i and the reception time detection unit 20j, and the reception time detection unit 20j also includes a clock 2
3 is connected.

Since the surveying instrument 1 has the above-mentioned configuration, when surveying the position of the arbitrary survey point P1 on the earth at the surveying site, first, as shown in FIG. 9 , the surveying instrument of the present invention is used. The main body 1a is installed on a predetermined reference point P0, the prism reflecting mirror 1b is installed on the measuring point P1, and its reflecting surface 1b1 is directed toward the surveying apparatus main body 1a. At this time, as shown in FIG. 1, the surveying instrument main body 1a is installed with the tripod 2 so that the centerline CL is oriented vertically and the surveying reference point P0 is located on the extension line of the centerline CL. As shown in FIG. 9 , the collimation line VCL of the measuring unit 13e is an intersection of a horizontal plane Sh perpendicular to the center line CL preset in the measuring apparatus body 1a and a vertical plane Sv perpendicular to the horizontal plane Sh. L
Install in the direction parallel to o. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the GPS antenna 17 provided on the center line CL directs the receiving surface of the antenna 17 vertically above the surveying reference point, and the center of the receiving surface is used as the surveying reference point. It will be installed vertically above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9A , the GPS antenna 17 is located exactly above the surveying reference point P0, and the position of the satellite 30a (to 30d) is transmitted from the GPS satellite 30a (to 30d). A1 (~
A4) and a signal S1 representing the transmission time Tl1 (to Tl4)
(~ S4) can be received, and the signal S1 (~ S4)
4) is input to the control unit main body 20 via the cable 19a. Then, in the control unit main body 20, the main control unit 20o shown in FIG. 8 controls the signal decoding unit 20i, the reception time detection unit 20j, and the reference point distance detection unit 20k based on the program input in advance as follows. To do. First, GP
The signal S1 (to S4) received by the S antenna 17 is input to the reception time detection unit 20j and the signal decoding unit 20i. In the reception time detection unit 20j, the reception time Ta of the signal S1 (to S4) is immediately received when the signal S1 (to S4) is input.
1 (to Ta4) is detected based on the time of the clock 23 connected to the reception time detection unit 20j. In addition, the signal decoding unit 2
At 0i, based on the signal S1 (to S4), the GPS satellite 3
The transmission position A1 (-A4) at which 0a (-30d) transmitted the signal S1 (-S4) and the transmission time Tl1 (-Tl4) are detected. Then, the reception time Ta1 (to Ta4) detected by the reception time detection unit 20j and the signal decoding unit 20i.
The transmission position A1 (to A4) and the transmission time Tl1 (to Tl4) detected by are input to the reference point distance detection unit 20k, and the reference point distance detection unit 20k receives the reception time Ta1.
GP according to (~ Ta4) and transmission time Tl1 (~ Tl4)
The arrival time from when the signal S1 (to S4) is transmitted from the S satellite 30a (to 30d) to when it is received by the GPS antenna 17 is calculated, and the arrival time and the known signal S1 (to S) are calculated.
From the transmission speed of 4), the distance L11 from the GPS satellite 30a (to 30d) to the distance measurement reference point SP on the survey reference point P0
(-L14) is calculated and detected. Then, the distance L1 from the GPS satellite 30a (to 30d) to the distance measurement reference point SP
1 (to L14) and GP detected by the signal decoding unit 20i
The position A1 (to A4) of the S satellite 30a (to 30d) is input to the reference position detection unit 201. Reference position detector 20
At l, the distance L11 (to L14) and the position A1 (to A4)
When four or more pairs are input, the position of the distance measurement reference point SP on the survey reference point P0 on the globe is detected.

The center line CL of the surveying instrument main body 1a of the present invention is oriented by the tripod 2 in the vertical direction.
Since the surveying reference point P0 is located on the extension line of the distance measurement reference point SP, which is the starting point of the surveying, set on the center line CL of the measuring unit 13e of the optical distance measuring instrument 13
Is installed vertically above the survey reference point P0, so that it is possible to accurately measure any survey point P1 from the survey reference point P0. That is, the bottom plate 5, the side arms 15, 15 and the upper plate 16 that support the GPS antenna 17 provided above the lightwave distance measuring device 13 from the top of the tripod 2 are the lightwave distance measuring device 13 The measuring unit 13e of
The measuring unit 13 is provided so as not to interfere even when it is rotated about the vertical axis (centerline CL) and the horizontal axis HCL, and the GPS antenna 17 is fixed.
The collimation line VCL of e can be rotated in the horizontal direction by 360 degrees and vertically in the range of a predetermined angle θ to measure the measuring point P1 located in any direction of the range. However, FIG.
When the measurement point P1 is located in the direction in which the side arm 15 shields the field of view of the objective lens 13e1 of the measurement unit 13e as shown in FIG.
The field of view is not shielded by the side arm 15.
First, when the upper part of the lower arm 15a is included in the part that shields the field of view of the objective lens 13e1, the pin 11 that locks the cylinder 6 and the piston 10 is shifted to the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the piston 10. Remove from hole 10c. Then, the piston 10 and the optical distance measuring device 13 are arranged so that the spring 9 compressed between the piston 10 and the cylinder bottom plate 6a.
Is moved vertically upward, that is, in the direction of arrow A in FIG. Then, the side arm 15 is formed in an S shape, and since the side arm 15 is not vertically above the lower arm 15a and the central arm 15b connected at a right angle to the upper end of the lower arm 15a, from the field of view of the objective lens 13e. The lower arm 15a can be removed. Moreover, since the piston 10 has moved vertically upward with respect to the cylinder 6,
A predetermined amount L1 from the shift hole 10c on the side wall of the piston 10.
The shift hole 10d provided only at the vertically lower position moves to the position of the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6. Therefore, while finely adjusting the shift hole 10d of the piston 10 and the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 to communicate with each other,
Pin hole 6c of cylinder 6 and shift hole 1 of piston 10
The cylinder 6 and the piston 10 are locked.
Then, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e moves vertically upward by a predetermined amount L1 and is fixed at a position where the visual field is not obstructed by the side arm 15, so that the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e sees the side arm 15 in the visual field. Can be directed in the direction of the measuring point P1 without being shielded. Next, when the lower end of the upper arm 15a is included in the part that shields the field of view of the objective lens 13e1, the pin 11 that locks the cylinder 6 and the piston 10 is inserted into the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the piston 10. A spring 9 is pulled out from the shift hole 10c, and the optical wave range finder 13 and thus the piston 10 is compressed between the piston 10 and the cylinder bottom plate 6a.
Against a vertical direction, that is, a predetermined amount L in the vertical downward direction, that is, in the direction of arrow B in FIG.
Push down by 1. Then, the side arm 15 is formed in an S shape, and the upper arm 15c and the upper arm 1 are
Since there is no side arm 15 vertically below the central arm 15b connected to the lower end of 5c at a right angle, the objective lens 1
The side arm 15 can be removed from the visual field of 3e.
Further, since the piston 10 moves vertically downward with respect to the cylinder 6 by a predetermined amount L1, the shift hole 10b provided on the side wall of the piston 10 vertically above the shift hole 10c by the predetermined amount L1 is just a cylinder. 6 pin holes 6
Move to position c. Therefore, the pin 11 is inserted into the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 and the shift hole 10b of the piston 10 while finely adjusting so that the shift hole 10b of the piston 10 and the pin hole 6c of the cylinder 6 communicate with each other. Lock 10 Then, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e moves vertically downward by a predetermined amount L1,
Since it is fixed to the side arm 15 at a position where the visual field is not obstructed, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e can be directed toward the measuring point P1 without being blocked by the side arm 15. Further, when the shield portion is only the central arm 15b, any one of the above-described operations when the shield portion includes the upper end of the lower arm 15a and when the shield portion includes the lower end of the upper arm 15c is performed. As a result, since the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e is fixed to the side arm 15 at a position where the visual field is not obstructed, the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e is not blocked by the side arm 15 and the measuring point is not measured. You can turn to P1. Therefore, first, the measuring unit 13e of the surveying instrument body 1a is moved around the vertical axis (that is, the center line C
Rotation around L) and the horizontal axis HCL around the measuring unit 1
The direction of the collimation line VCL of 3e is directed to the reflecting surface 1b1 of the prismatic reflecting mirror 1b installed at the measurement point P1. Then,
The rotary table 1 is provided by the horizontal angle encoder 21 and the horizontal angle detection unit 20a shown in FIG. 5 provided on the outer periphery of the vertical shaft 13b .
3c, therefore, the line-of-sight line VCL of the measuring unit 13e from the vertical plane Sv preset in the surveying instrument body 1a to the vertical axis 1
A rotation angle rotated around 3b, that is, a horizontal angle α which is an angular position around the distance measurement reference point SP with respect to the vertical surface Sv shown in FIG. 9B is detected. That is, the horizontal angle encoder 2
1 has a light emitting diode 13c4 installed inside the turntable 13c, and the light emitting diode 13e7 is
A collimator lens 13c5 that converts the light emitted from the light emitting diode 13c4 into a parallel light flux, a main scale 13b1 that is formed of a highly transparent material and is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the vertical axis 13b in an annular shape, and a material that is also highly transparent. And the main scale 13b inside the turntable 13c.
The index scale 13c3 fixed in an annular shape is sandwiched at a position facing 1 to constantly emit light toward the photosensor 13c6. Therefore, when the index scale 13c3 rotates around the vertical axis 13b together with the turntable 13c, as shown in FIG. 6 , the main scale 13b1
A dark portion of a bright and dark pattern radially engraved at equal pitches in the circumferential direction with respect to the vertical axis, and a main scale 13b1 engraved on the index scale 13c3.
Since the dark portions of the light and dark pattern similar to the pattern overlap or separate each time the fixed pitch is rotated, the intensity of light detected by the photosensor 13c6 also varies with the fixed pitch. Then, the photo sensor 13
The horizontal angle detection unit 20a shown in FIG. 8 connected to c6 is based on the intensity of light detected by the photo sensor 13c6.
The number of pitches rotated by the index scale 13c3 with respect to the main scale 13b1 is detected by accumulating the number of light intensities, whereby the measuring unit 13
At the rotation angle at which the collimation line VCL of e rotates from the vertical plane Sv about the vertical axis 13b, that is, at the angular position of the measurement point P1 around the distance measurement reference point SP with respect to the vertical plane Sv shown in FIG. 9B . A certain horizontal angle α is detected. In addition, the elevation angle encoder 22 and the drawing shown in FIG. 5 provided on the outer periphery of the horizontal shaft 13d
As in the horizontal angle detection by the horizontal angle encoder 21 and the horizontal angle detection unit 20a by the altitude angle detection unit 20b shown in FIG. 8 , the collimation line VCL of the measurement unit 13e is the surveying device main body 1
The horizontal axis 1 from the horizontal plane Sh preset for a
The rotation angle rotated about 3d, that is, the altitude angle β which is the angular position of the measurement point P1 around the distance measurement reference point SP with respect to the horizontal plane Sh shown in FIG. 9A is detected. Next, under the control of the light transmitting unit 20c shown in FIG. 8 , when the light emitting diode 13e7 emits infrared light, the infrared light passes through the optical fiber 13e6, the prism 13e5, and the dichroic mirror 13e4 as shown in FIG. The light travels from the objective lens 13e1 parallel to the collimation line VCL toward the reflecting surface 1b1 of the reflecting mirror 1b. At this time, the light transmitting unit 20c shown in FIG. 8 outputs the emission signal S11 informing the emission of the infrared rays to the time detection control unit 20e. Upon receiving the emission signal S11, the time detection control unit 20e immediately outputs the measurement start signal S12 for instructing the time detection unit 20f to start measuring time. When the time detection unit 20f receives the measurement start signal S12, the time detection unit 20f starts measuring time. Next, as shown in FIG. 9 , the infrared rays are reflected by the reflection surface 1 of the prism reflection mirror 1b.
b1 is a direction parallel to the incident direction on the reflecting surface 1b1,
That is, the light is reflected in the direction of the objective lens 13e1 of the measuring unit 13e and is incident on the objective lens 13e1 as shown in FIG.
Light receiving diode 13e9 through dichroic mirror 13e4, prism 13e5, and optical fiber 13e8
Once received by the light receiving portion 20d connected to the receiving diode 13e9 outputs a light reception signal S13 informing the infrared receiving of 8 time detection control unit 20e. When receiving the light reception signal S13, the time detection control unit 20e outputs a measurement end signal S22 for instructing the end of time measurement to the time detection unit 20f. Then, the time detection unit 20
The f ends the time measurement by the measurement end signal S22. Then, the time detection unit 20f detects the time T1 from the emission of the infrared ray from the light emitting diode 13e7 to the reception of the light by the light receiving diode 13e8 based on the measured time, and outputs the time T1 to the distance detection unit 20g. . Then, the distance detecting unit 20g causes the infrared light to be emitted from the light emitting diode 1 by the time T1 and the known propagation speed of the infrared light.
From the distance from the distance measuring reference point SP of the measuring unit 13e to the prism reflecting mirror 1b, and hence to the measuring point P1 by calculating the distance from the emission from 3e7 to the light reception by the light receiving diode 13e8 and correcting the distance. The distance D1 is detected. Then, as shown in FIG. 8 , the horizontal angle α of the measuring point P1 with respect to the distance measuring reference point SP detected by the horizontal angle detecting unit 20a and the measuring point with respect to the distance measuring reference point SP detected by the altitude angle detecting unit 20b. The altitude angle β of P1 and the distance detection unit 20
Distance measurement reference point S on the survey reference point P1 detected by g
The distance D1 from P to the measurement point P1 and the reference position detection unit 20
Position SP on the earth of the distance measurement reference point SP detected by l
(X, y, z) is input to the measurement point position detection unit 20m. Then, the measuring point position detection unit 20m calculates the position of the measuring point P1 with respect to the distance measuring reference point SP from the horizontal angle α, the altitude angle β, and the distance D1, and the measuring point P with respect to the distance measuring reference point SP.
1 and the position of the distance measuring reference point SP on the earth SP (x,
The position P1 (x,
y, z) can be detected. Therefore, the surveying device 1 of the present invention measures the reference point P0 of the survey by the GPS antenna 17 or the like, and in parallel with this, the predetermined point P1 is measured from the reference point P0 of the survey by the optical distance measuring instrument 13 or the like. Since the survey can be performed, first, like the survey using the conventional global positioning system (GPS), the survey reference point P
GPS antenna 17 is installed at 0, and the reference point P0 of the survey
After measuring the satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS),
It is possible to remove the PS antenna 17 from the reference point P0 and instead install a surveying device such as the optical distance measuring instrument 13 at the reference point P0 to measure the predetermined measurement point P1. It is possible to improve the time efficiency of the survey work by eliminating the waiting time of about 60 minutes that is spent only for surveying the reference point P0 by the global positioning system (GPS). Further, the surveying instrument 1 of the present invention can be stored in a small storage space by disassembling it as follows,
It is easy to carry by car. That is, first, screw 1
By removing 6d, the GPS antenna 17 is detached from the upper plate 16, and the connecting portion 1 of the upper plate 16 is removed.
6a and the connecting arm 15d of the side arm 15 are loosened to loosen the screw 16a3 from the hole 16a1 of the connecting portion 16a of the upper plate 16 to the connecting arm 15
Remove d and remove the upper plate 16 from the side arms 15, 15. Next, by removing the nut 15a3 from the screw 15a1 formed on the side arm 15, both of the side arms 15 and 15 are pulled out from the screw holes formed at both ends of the bottom plate 5. Next, a screw 12c for screwing the light-wave rangefinder 13 and the mounting board 12,
By removing 12c, 12c and 12c, the optical distance measuring instrument 13 is removed from the mounting board 12. The piston 10, the cylinder 6, the bottom plate 5, and the tripod 2 can also be disassembled by removing the pin 11 and the screw 7a. Further, when assembling the device 1 at a survey site, it is possible to easily assemble the device 1 in the reverse order of the above procedure. In the above embodiment, the lightwave distance-measuring device 13 need not necessarily be the lightwave distance-measuring device 13 as long as the distance-measuring device can measure the measurement point P1 from the reference point SP.

[0009]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In a rangefinder such as a lightwave rangefinder 13 capable of measuring a distance from a range-finding reference point SP to a target point such as a point P1, a GPS antenna 17 is provided directly above the range-finding reference point SP, and the GPS The signal S1 from the GPS antenna is sent to the antenna.
The position SP of the distance measurement reference point SP based on the received signal such as
Since the signal decoding unit 20i that calculates (x, y, z), the reception time detection unit 20j, the reference point distance detection unit 20k, the reference position detection unit 20l, and the like are provided, the GP is used.
The position calculation means calculates the position SP (x, y, z) of the distance measurement reference point SP based on the received signal such as the signal S1 received by the S antenna 17, and in parallel with this, the light wave distance measurement is performed. From the distance measuring reference point to the measuring point P by means of a distance measuring instrument such as the sill 13
Since the distance to the target point such as 1 can be measured, the GPS antenna 17 is first installed at the reference point of the survey like the survey using the conventional global positioning system (GPS), and the position of the reference point of the survey is set. Is measured by the global positioning system (GPS), then the GPS antenna 17 is removed from the reference point, and instead, a surveying instrument such as the optical rangefinder 13 is installed at the reference point to measure the predetermined measurement point. It is possible to eliminate the trouble of, and to eliminate the waiting time of about 60 minutes, which is spent only for the measurement of the reference point by the Global Positioning System (GPS), and to improve the time efficiency of the survey work.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the surveying instrument body of the present invention,
It is the figure which turned the objective lens of the light wave rangefinder shown in FIG. 1 to the right side in FIG.

5 is a horizontal angle measuring mechanism of the lightwave rangefinder shown in FIG.
And water attached to the optical rangefinder in the altitude angle measurement mechanism
Front view showing a flat-angle encoder and an altitude-angle encoder
Is.

FIG. 6 shows an encoder for horizontal angle in FIG.
It is a perspective view.

7 is a diagram showing an optical system and a distance measuring mechanism provided inside the measuring section shown in FIG.

FIG . 8 is a block diagram of a surveying instrument main body of the present invention.

9 is a diagram of the surveying instrument of the present invention installed in a surveying site, FIG. 9 (a) is a view of the surveying instrument in a horizontal direction, and FIG. 9 (b) is a perspective view of the surveying device . FIG.

[Explanation of Codes] 1 ... Surveying device 13 ... Distance measuring device (light wave distance measuring device) 17 ... GPS antenna 20i ... Position calculating means (signal decoding unit) 20j ... Position calculating means (reception time detecting unit) 20k ... Position calculating means (reference point distance detecting section) 20l ... Position calculating means (reference position detecting section) S1 ... Received signal (signal) SP ... Distance measuring reference point P1 ... Target point (measurement point)

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Fig. 2]

[Figure 6]

[Figure 1]

[Figure 3]

[Figure 7]

[Figure 4]

[Figure 5]

[Figure 8]

[Figure 9]

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rangefinder capable of measuring a distance from a distance measurement reference point to a target point, wherein a GPS antenna is provided directly above the distance measurement reference point, and the GPS antenna receives signals from the GPS antenna. A surveying device configured to include position calculating means for calculating the position of the distance measurement reference point based on the above.