JPH05193085A - Character arranging system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the misalignment phenomenon of drawn-up lines by dynamically determining the relative position of the drawn-up lines of one character row and those of the other character row when a compsn. wherein two or more kinds of character rows of different character systems are mixed within the same line is edited or outputted. CONSTITUTION:In the top line 104, bottom line 105 and base line used as an arranging reference line 106 of European writing, two kinds of a character coinciding with base line at its lower end, for example, 'M', 'h', 'x' and a character partially protruding from the base line downwardly but coinciding with the bottom line at its lower end, for example 'p' are contained. In the compsn. of European writing, by arranging characters so that the base lines of respective characters are always arranged on one straight line, the appearance of printed words easy to read is realized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a word processor, a desktop publishing system, a document processing device applied to a computer typesetting machine, etc. The present invention relates to a character arrangement method suitable for typesetting mixed sentences.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In preparing a technical document, a foreign language dictionary, etc., in many cases, it is necessary to mix Japanese and European texts in a single line for typesetting. In Japanese and European mixed typesetting, which requires the use of multiple types of characters with different basic designs, there are many problems starting from the selection of typeface, spacing between characters, alignment of line endings, and so on.
For the typesetting rules corresponding to these problems, see, for example, "Typesetting Rulebook for Phototypesetting" (Published by the Federation of Photographic Printing Associations of Japan, 1973), pp. 74-
Discussed on page 77, etc.

One of the problems that occur when Japanese and European mixed plants are the positioning of characters in the direction perpendicular to the line. In kanji and kana used for writing Japanese characters, the size of each character is almost the same in height and width, and the characters can be arranged on the line as if a rectangular box is arranged.

For example, in FIG. 2, (a) shows an example of the character face composition of a Japanese character font, 101 is a top line which is a line representing the upper end of the character face, and 102 is the lower end of the character face. The bottom line, which is the line that represents
A center line (cente) 103 is located at the center between the top line and the bottom line and is used as a placement reference line.
r line). With Japanese fonts, there are a few exceptions,
For example, the characters are designed so that the center of each character is on the center line, except for syllabary characters such as "ya" and "tsu", and punctuation marks. Arrange the characters so that they are lined up. Even for the exceptional characters such as the Japanese syllabary characters and punctuation marks described above, although the center of the character is off the center line, the protrusion to the top and bottom is less noticeable than the range occupied by other ordinary characters. There is.

On the other hand, in the Latin characters used for writing in European languages, not only the character width differs for each character, but also the range occupied by the character differs in the height direction. For example, uppercase letters and lowercase letters such as “h” and “k” extend upward and lowercase letters such as “g” and “y” downward compared to lowercase letters such as “a”, “c”, and “e”. It is growing.

FIG. 2 (b) shows an example of the character structure of a European character font. Here, 104 is a European top line, 105 is a European bottom line, and 106 is a base line used as a European layout reference line. As can be seen from this figure, in the Roman character font, characters whose lower end is in line with the baseline, for example, "M", "h", and "x", and a part of the character are below the baseline. It includes two types of characters, which are a protrusion and a character whose bottom end matches the bottom line, for example, “p”. In Western typesetting, characters are arranged in such a way that the baselines of the characters are always aligned in a straight line in this way to achieve an easy-to-read typeface.

The character layout of the Roman characters is discussed in more detail on pages 55 to 57 of the above-mentioned document "Typesetting Rulebook for Phototypesetting". Here, as a traditional term relating to printing, the line 104 in FIG. 2B corresponding to the upper end of a European character string is referred to as “ascender line”,
Line 1 in FIG. 2B corresponding to the lower end of the European character string
05 to "Descender line (decender line)
e) ”, but in this specification, in order to clarify the correspondence with expressions in Japanese, these lines will be referred to as the“ top line of European languages ”and the“ bottom line of European languages ”, respectively. To do. In addition, in the following description, among the Roman characters, the characters whose lower end of the characters match the bottom line of the European characters are "decender letters", and the other characters (the characters whose lower end of the characters match the baseline) are "non-decender letters". I will call it.

When the above-mentioned European text and Japanese text are mixed in one document, and if it is necessary to arrange the Japanese text string and the European text string next to each other in the same line, the Japanese text in the vertical direction The relative positional relationship between the character string and the Roman character string, for example, how much to vertically shift the baseline, which is the European alignment reference line, with respect to the center line, which is the Japanese alignment reference line, I have to decide.

Conventionally, as one method of aligning such a Japanese character string and a European character string, for example, the bottom line of the Western text is located at a position substantially coincident with the bottom line of the Japanese text.
A method for positioning the baseline is known. On pages 77 to 82 of the above-mentioned document, a mixed sample of Japanese and European characters by such positioning method is shown.

[0010]

In the above-mentioned conventional character arrangement method, if the decender letter is appropriately included in the Western character string, the upper end of the Japanese sentence and the upper end of the European sentence, and the lower end of the Japanese sentence and the lower end of the European sentence will be detected. However, since they are almost the same, on the average, it seems that the characters are properly arranged in the line. However, when there is no descender letter in the Roman character string, especially when only uppercase letters are lined up, the Roman character string appears to float in the line.

FIG. 3 shows an example of character arrangement according to the conventional method. For example, (a) of FIG. 3 shows an example of mixed planting of a Western character string containing a descender letter and a Japanese character string, and (b) of FIG. 3 showing a mixed planting of a Western character string containing no descender letter and a Japanese character string. As is clear from this example, when the European character string does not include the descender letter, the European character string appears to be raised compared to the surrounding Japanese text, so that the reader feels as if the tops of the characters were aligned in that line. give. In FIG. 3, 101 is a Japanese top line, 102 is a Japanese bottom line, and 106 is a European baseline. Even in the typesetting sample shown in the above-mentioned "typesetting rulebook for phototypesetting", for example, at page 78, the beginning of Example 4, an example of an unnatural character arrangement similar to that of FIG. Admitted.

The extent to which such an unnatural character arrangement phenomenon occurs varies depending on the typeface of European characters. For example, when a typeface with a small distance between the baseline and the bottom line of the Western language is adopted, The phenomenon can be made relatively inconspicuous. Actually, when designing a font for a character set that includes both Japanese characters (Kanji and Kana characters) and European characters, such as the character set defined by the JIS Kanji code system, the Western character part Are often designed to have a small overhang below the baseline. However, the character set designed in this way has a problem that the quality of the character itself is deteriorated because the font design is restricted. In addition, for example, in the case of accented characters used in French, especially when the print size is small, the accented symbol portion is crushed, which makes it impossible to determine.

For the same phenomenon, the magazine "bit",
Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 101-110 (1988)
"Kyoritsu Shuppan", page 104, "Trial of Japanese TeX"
It has been reported that if the positional relationship between the Japanese and European alignment lines is fixed, the characters appear to be uneven depending on how they are arranged.

The occurrence of such a non-uniform character arrangement is not limited to the case of Japanese and European mixed typesetting as described above. For example, when the characters used in the text description are classified from the viewpoint of character positioning in the direction perpendicular to the line, the following two types of character systems are obtained. "First
"Character system" belongs to a character system that can use a centerline located at the center between the upper and lower ends of the character surface as a placement reference line, such as Kanji, Kana, and Hangul characters. The "second character system" is, for example, Latin, Russian, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, etc., which has a predetermined baseline as an alignment reference line, and the lower end is on the baseline. It belongs to a character system that includes matching characters and characters that extend to a line below the baseline by a certain amount. Here, a character string made up of characters belonging to the first character system is called a "first type character string", and a character string made up of characters belonging to a second character system is called a "second type character string". Then, when the first-type character string and the second-type character string are mixedly planted in the same row, the above-mentioned problem similarly occurs.

In the prior art, regarding the positioning of the arrangement reference line when the character strings of the first type and the second type are mixedly planted,
Since the baseline position was set uniformly for those character strings without considering the type of each character included in the character string of the second type, the line type may be changed depending on the character type of the character string of the second type. Part of it was raised, or conversely, it was accompanied by the phenomenon of uneven character arrangement that seemed to be depressed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a character arrangement method capable of high-quality typesetting a sentence in which a plurality of kinds of character strings having different kinds of languages are mixed.

Another object of the present invention is to realize an appropriate character arrangement regardless of the type of character and its arrangement in a document in which a character string of the first kind and a character string of the second kind are mixed, An object of the present invention is to provide a character arrangement method that does not cause the phenomenon of irregular alignment.

[0018]

In order to achieve the above object, in the character arrangement method of the present invention, when the first type character string and the second type character string are arranged in a mixed manner in the same line. For each character string of the second type, the relative position of the baseline of the character string of the second type with respect to the center line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is dynamically determined, and the baseline thus determined It is characterized in that each character included in the character string is arranged above.

The dynamic determination of the relative position of the character string is performed by the second method.
This is performed according to a predetermined rule corresponding to the combination of characters included in each character string of the seed. For example, the distance between the center line of the first type character string and the top line of the second type character string is “first distance”, the center line of the first type character string and the second type character string. Is defined as the “second distance”, and the distance between the center line of the first type character string and the bottom line of the second type character string is defined as the “third distance”. A string of the first kind and a second in one line
When the character strings of the second kind are mixed, the relative position of the baseline of each character string of the second kind is determined with respect to the center line on which the character string of the first kind is arranged according to the following rules. Then, each character included in the character string is arranged on the baseline thus determined.

As a "first rule" for dynamically determining the relative position of the above-mentioned baseline, when the descender letter is not included in the character string of the second type of interest, the first type The relative position of the baseline of the target character string with respect to the center line on which the character string is arranged is determined so that the first distance and the second distance are equal, and the target character is set on the baseline thus determined. Place each character in the column.

FIG. 1A shows an example in which the same character strings as in the conventional example shown in FIG. 3B are arranged in accordance with this rule. Here, 101 is the top line of Japanese text, 10
Reference numeral 2 is a Japanese bottom line, 103 is a Japanese center line, 104 is a European top line, and 106 is a European baseline. In this example, the first distance (103 and 1
The baseline is positioned so that the distance (04) and the second distance (distance between 103 and 106) are equal to each other, and the floating of the European character string is prevented.

Further, as a "second rule", when a descender letter is included in a character string of the second type of interest, the above attention to the alignment line for arranging the character string of the first type of characters is noted. The relative position of the baseline of the character string is
And the third distance are set to be equal to each other, and each character included in the character string is arranged on the thus determined baseline.

FIG. 1B shows an example of character strings arranged according to the second rule. Here, 105 is a bottom line of European languages. In this example, the first distance (the distance between 103 and 104) and the third distance (the distance between 103 and 1)
The base line is positioned so that the distance (between 05) and the distance (05) becomes equal.

Further, as a "third rule", even when a descender letter is included in the above-mentioned second-class character string, the proportion of the descender letter part in the character string is predetermined. If the reference value is less than a certain reference value, the relative position of the baseline of the target character string with respect to the alignment line on which the character string of the first type of character is arranged is equal to the first distance and the second distance. Therefore, each character included in the character string is arranged on the baseline thus defined. That is, even if there is a character that protrudes below the baseline, the proportion is very small. As a result, if the baseline is strongly recognized as a line, when there is no such character that protrudes below the baseline. The same as the above. FIG. 1C shows an example of character strings arranged according to the third rule.

As a "fourth rule", when there are a plurality of character strings of the second type in the same line, the distance between the character strings of the second type adjacent to each other, in other words, those second character strings.
When the length of the first type character string sandwiched between the seed type character strings is smaller than a predetermined reference value, a single character string obtained by integrating the adjacent second type character strings. Regarded as
By applying the first, second, and third rules to the integrated character string, the relative position of the baseline of the integrated character string with respect to the alignment line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is determined. , The constituent characters of the integrated character string are arranged on the baseline thus determined.

FIG. 4 shows an example of character strings arranged according to the fourth rule. (A) is a case where the character strings are not integrated, and the base line 401 of the adjacent European character string "Abc" and the base line 402 of "Xyz" are set to different heights from each other. Therefore, the character arrangement is unnatural as if the baseline was discontinuous between the two Roman character strings. On the other hand, (b)
In the case where the character strings are integrated, the two European character strings “Abc” and “Xyz” are arranged on the common baseline 403, which is a natural character arrangement.

The above arrangement rules can also be applied to a vertically written document. That is, in the case of vertical writing, each character of the Roman character string is rotated at a predetermined angle, for example, 9 clockwise.
It is assumed that the character string is rotated by 0 degrees, the line indicating the right end of the character string is called the top line, the line indicating the left end is called the bottom line, and the line just in between is called the center line. Can be applied to vertical writing as it is.

FIGS. 5A and 5B show an example in which the arrangement rule according to the present invention is applied to a vertically written character string.
501 is a Japanese top line, 502 is a Japanese bottom line, 503 is a Japanese center line, 504 is a European top line, 505 is a European bottom line, and 506 is a European baseline. From this example, it can be seen that even in a vertically written sentence, by applying the layout rule of the present invention, a proper character layout is obtained in which the European character string does not give the impression of being shifted left and right in the line.

[0029]

In the creation of a document by the document processing apparatus, generally, when a character string is input, the line length determined by the format of the document, the width of each character, and the layout rules such as prohibition processing in Japanese and hyphenation in European languages are followed. , The character distribution for each line, and the position of each character in this line (position in the line length direction) are determined. In the present invention, for the characters distributed to each line, the type discrimination between the character string of the first type and the character string of the second type described above is performed.
When the first-type character strings and the second-type character strings are mixed in the same line, the second-type character strings are dynamically changed according to the combination of characters included in the character strings. A baseline is determined, and the constituent characters of the character string are placed on the determined baseline.

Here, the relative position of the baseline of the second type character string with respect to the center line of the first type character string is determined, for example, by the following procedure. First, the number of character strings of the second type existing in the line is checked. If there are multiple second-type character strings in the same line, check the distance between adjacent second-type character strings, and if this distance is smaller than the predetermined reference value. Treats them as a single string by consolidating them. This character string integration process is repeated until there is no second-type character string that can be integrated in the line. Next, the integrated character strings are regarded as one character string respectively, and it is determined for each second type character string in the line whether or not a descender letter is included in the character string. For the character string of the second type that does not include the descender letter, the baseline of the character string with respect to the center line of the character string of the first type is determined so that the first distance and the second distance are equal. Second, including descender letter
For a character string of the first kind, find the ratio of the descender letter in the character string. If this ratio does not reach the predetermined reference value, the The relative position of the baseline of the second type character string is determined so that the first distance and the second distance are equal. That is, even if there is a character that protrudes below the baseline, the proportion is very small. As a result, when the baseline is strongly recognized as a line, the character that protrudes below the baseline is included in the character string. It will be treated in the same way as when it was not found. Conversely, when the calculated ratio is equal to or greater than the reference value, the relative position of the baseline is determined so that the first distance and the third distance are equal.

As described above, when the first-type character string and the second-type character string are mixed in the same line, each second-type character string is below the baseline in the character string. By determining the position of the baseline of each character string by considering whether there are characters that protrude and how many such characters are included, it is possible to determine an appropriate position regardless of the character type and its order. Characters can be arranged in the line, and a high-quality document without line irregularity phenomenon can be obtained.

[0032]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, as a first embodiment of the present invention, in the case of a mixture of Japanese and European characters, that is, as a character string of the first kind, a Japanese character string consisting of kanji, kana and punctuation marks and symbols, and a character string of the second kind. The case of typesetting a sentence in which a Latin character string consisting of Latin characters is mixed will be described.

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C show an example of character arrangement according to the method of the present invention. Where 101
Is Japanese top line, 102 is Japanese bottom line,
Reference numeral 103 is a Japanese center line, 104 is a European top line, 105 is a European bottom line, and 106 is a European baseline.

In the present invention, the European character string "A" shown in (a) is used.
When a Western character string (second type character string) mixed in a Japanese character string (first type character string) does not include a descender letter, such as “BCD”, a Japanese center line 103 and a European top line 104 are included. Distance (first distance), the center line 103 in Japanese and the baseline 106 in European
The baseline position of the character string “ABCD” is determined so that the distance between the character string “A” and the distance (second distance) becomes equal.
As a result, it is possible to prevent the uneven phenomenon that the character strings appear to be raised as shown in FIG.

The European character string "jungle" shown in FIG. 1 (b)
Contains descender letters ("j" and "g"). As described above, when the Western character string (second type character string) mixed in the Japanese character string (first type character string) includes the descender letter, in the present invention, the center line 103 of the Japanese language and the bottom line 105 of the European language are included in the present invention. And the first distance, that is, the distance between the center line 103 in Japanese and the top line 104 in European languages, is equal to the distance between the second character string "jungle" and Of baseline 106
Determine the position of. This realizes a balanced character arrangement for the entire line.

FIG. 1C shows a modified example of a European character string including a descender letter. In this example, the Western character string “green belt” is first arranged from the left end of the line, and the Japanese character string “Kanji” is arranged next to it. However, compared to the example shown in (b), the proportion of the descender letter portion to the entire European character string is smaller. In the present invention, when such a “ratio of the descender letter portion to the entire European character string” does not meet the predetermined reference value, the baseline 106 position of the European character string “green belt” is set. , And the first distance and the second distance are set to be equal to each other. In this way, when the descender letter contained in the character string is small and the baseline of the character string is impressed as one line, by deciding the baseline by ignoring the presence of the descender letter, the character Prevents columns from appearing raised in rows. It should be noted that a method of setting the threshold value for determining whether the descender letter portion is regarded as valid or ignored will be described later.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of baseline determination by character string integration. In this example, the Japanese character string "Kan", the European character string "Abc", the Japanese character string "to", the European character string "Xyz", and the Japanese character string "Kan" are arranged in order from the left end of the line. Here, two adjacent European character strings are arranged at a distance shorter than a predetermined reference value (threshold value), in other words, if the Japanese character string sandwiched between them is shorter than the threshold value, the book In the invention, these two Roman character strings are integrated and treated as a single character string to determine the baseline. The details of the comparison between the distance between adjacent Roman character strings and the reference value will be described later.

In FIG. 4, (a) shows a case where the baselines 401 and 402 of the two character strings “Abc” and “Xyz” are determined separately without performing the character string integration processing, and (b) ) Indicates a case where these two character strings are integrated and the position of the baseline 403 is determined for the integrated character string. In the former case, since the first character string “Abc” does not include the descender letter, the baseline 401 is set so that the first distance and the second distance are equal, and the next character string “Xyz” is , And includes a descender letter, the baseline 402 is set so that the first distance and the third distance are equal. That is, as a result of separately determining the baseline positions of two adjacent European character strings, a shift occurs between them, resulting in an unnatural character arrangement.

On the other hand, in the example shown in (b), the baseline is set for the entire integrated character string to prevent the deviation of the baseline between the adjacent Roman character strings, and to make it natural. The letters are arranged in the shape. Note that in FIG. 4, the baselines 401 and 40 are shown for easy viewing.
2 and 403 are shown slightly lower than their actual positions.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example in which the character arrangement method of the present invention is applied to a vertically written document.
Here, each European character string is written vertically by rotating it 90 degrees clockwise. In this case, by defining the line indicating the right end of the character string as the top line, the line indicating the left end as the bottom line, and the line in the middle thereof as the center line, the above-described rules for horizontal writing can be applied as they are.

In FIG. 5, 501 is the top line of the Japanese sentence in the case of vertical writing, 502 is the bottom line of the Japanese sentence, and 50.
3 is a Japanese center line, 504 is a European top line, 505 is a European bottom line, 506 is a European baseline, and (a) is the case where the Western character string does not include a descender letter, (b) is An example of a case where a European character string includes a descender letter is shown below.

That is, in the case of the European character string "ABCD" which does not include the descender letter, the center line 503 of the Japanese text is used.
And the European top line 504 (first distance) are equal to the distance between the Japanese center line 503 and the European baseline 506 (second distance). Baseline 506 in the row "ABCD"
Has determined the position of. On the other hand, in the case of the European character string “jungle” including the descender letter, the distance between the center line 503 of Japanese and the bottom line 505 of Western (the third line
The baseline position of the character string “jungle” is determined such that the distance) and the first distance are equal.

FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of a document processing apparatus to which the present invention is applied.

The document processing device is a central processing unit (CPU) 6 including a microprocessor and peripheral circuits.
01, a document processing program for performing character arrangement according to the present invention, a main memory (MEM) 602 for storing data used by the program, and a soft copy of a formatted document page. Display device (CRT) 603 and a system bus 6 for connecting these elements and interface elements described later.
04, a keyboard 605 for inputting character data,
A mouse 606 for inputting coordinate data, a keyboard interface (KB IF) 607 for connecting the keyboard and mouse to the system bus 604, and an external storage device for holding programs, document files, data files and the like. A hard disk device 608,
A hard disk interface (HD I for connecting the hard disk device to the system bus 604)
F) 609, a laser beam printer (LBP) 610 which is a high resolution output device for printing documents, and a printer interface (PRIF) 611 for connecting the laser beam printer to the system bus 604.
And a font dictionary (Fdict) 612 for holding information about character fonts.

Font dictionary file (Fdict) 61
Reference numeral 2 holds common size information, individual size information and character shape information of various character fonts used in the document.
Here, the "common dimension information" includes the positions of various reference lines (base line, top line, bottom line, etc.) on the drawing coordinate system of the character. The "individual dimension information" includes the width of each character and the presence / absence of protrusion below the baseline. "Character shape information" includes bitmaps and contour line data representing the specific shape of each character. The Fdict 612 is stored in the hard disk device 610 as one of the data files. Note that the hardware configuration of the document processing apparatus may be a configuration obtained by partially modifying the above configuration or a configuration other than the above.

FIG. 7 shows the entire process of setting the positions of the alignment lines of the individual character strings existing in the document (center line for Japanese character strings, baseline for European character strings) in the present invention. Is a flow chart showing. Less than,
An outline of the alignment line setting process in the present invention will be described with reference to this figure.

In the alignment line setting process of the present invention, the process is sequentially performed for each line forming the document. First, in step 701, it is determined whether there is an unprocessed input line. If there is an unprocessed input line, the process proceeds to step 702. If there is no such line, the processing of the entire document has been completed, so the processing ends.

In step 702, the character type of each character arranged in the line is checked, and the line is divided into a Japanese character string and a European character string. Next, the process proceeds to step 703, and a character string integration process for integrating European character strings located close to each other on a line is performed. After the completion of the character string integration process, step 70
In step 4, it is determined whether or not there is a character string whose alignment line position has not been set in the line. If there is an unset character string, the process proceeds to step 705. If there is no such character string, the process returns to step 701 to proceed to the processing of the next line.

In step 705, a process of setting the line position of a particular character string of interest is performed. After setting the arrangement line position, the process proceeds to step 706, and all the characters included in the character string are arranged on the set arrangement line. In this way, after the processing for the specific character string is completed, the process returns to step 704 to move to the processing for the next character string.

FIG. 8 shows the step 70 in FIG.
2, that is, created by dividing the character string,
The structure of the character string management table used in the character string integration process of step 703 is shown.

Here, FIG. 8A shows the structure of each entry constituting the character string management table. Each entry of the character string management table shows a field k indicating the type of the character string (whether it is a Japanese character string or a European character string), a field n indicating the number of characters included in the character string, and a list of characters forming the character string. The field L is composed of three parts.

FIG. 8B shows an example of line data to be subjected to character string segmentation and integration processing. Here, as shown in the figure, consider the case of processing a line consisting of 11 characters "A, AB, CD, EF". An index (0, 1, 2, ...) Is assigned to each character in the line in order from the beginning of the line. By holding a list of this index in the field L, the characters making up the character string are stored. As shown.

FIG. 8C shows a character string management table created as a result of character string segmentation processing using the row data of FIG. 8B as input. Here, the entry whose type field k has a value of'J 'is a Japanese character string, and the entry of'E' is a European character string.
As shown in this figure, the line "A AB CD CD EF" has a 1-character Japanese character string "A" (index = 0) and a 2-character European character string "AB" (index = 1). , 2) 1-character Japanese character string "i" (index = 3), 2-character European character string "CD" (index = 4, 5), 3-character Japanese character string "Ueo" (index = 6) , 7, 8) Two-character European character string ″ E
It is divided into five character strings of F ″ (index = 9, 10).

FIG. 8D shows the result of the character string integration processing performed on the character string management table shown in FIG. 8C. This character string integration processing will be described in detail later.

FIG. 9 shows step 70 in FIG.
2 is a flow chart showing details of a character string segmentation process for analyzing line data and generating a character string management table.

In this character string segmentation processing, first, in step 901, each variable used is initialized.
Here, the number of characters included in the line is set in the variable N, the value of the variable i indicating the index used for the reference of the character is set to “0” on the line data, and the reference of each entry is set on the character string management table. The value of the variable j indicating the index to be used is initialized to "-1". Also, the variable k indicating the type of the character string currently being noticed is initialized to a special value "NULL" that can be distinguished from the value "J" indicating the Japanese character string and the value "E" indicating the European character string. ..

After completion of such initialization, step 9
Go to 02. In the following description, the character indicated by the index i on the row data will be indicated by C [i], and the character string indicated by the index j on the character string management table will be indicated by S [j]. In addition, the character string S [j]
, S [j]. k, S [j].
n, S [j]. Let us denote it by L.

In step 902, the value of the variable i is compared with N to determine the termination condition. If the variable i has already reached N, there are no unprocessed characters in the row data, and the process ends. If i has not reached N,
Go to step 903.

At step 903, the type of the character C [i] which is currently focused is determined. Here, if the type of the character C [i] is different from the type represented by the variable k, that is, if a character string of a type different from the one currently being processed is detected, the process proceeds to step 904. On the contrary, if the type of the character C [i] matches the type represented by the variable k, that is, if the character C [i] is a part of the character string currently being processed, step 904 is omitted. Then, the process proceeds to step 905.

In step 904, the processing is performed when a character string of a different type from before is detected. That is, a new entry is created on the character string table and its initialization is performed. Here, first, the variable j is incremented by 1, and the field S [j]. The type of C [i] ('
J'or'E ') is set, and a field S [j]. Initialize n to 0. Further, the type of C [i] is also set in the variable k.

In step 905, the process of adding the character C [i] to the character string S [j] is performed. That is, S
[J]. n is incremented by 1 and the character index i is added to the index list S [j]. Add to the end of L. Step 9
After the end of 05, the process proceeds to step 906. Step 90
In 6, the index i indicating the character of interest is incremented by 1, and the process returns to step 902.

When the above-described character string segmentation processing is performed by inputting the row data shown in FIG. 8B, the character string management table having the content shown in FIG. 8C is created. ..

FIG. 10 shows step 70 in FIG.
3 is a flow chart showing details of a character string integration process for integrating European character strings that are close to each other on a line.

In the figure, steps 1001 to 100
Up to 4 is the initialization processing of the variable group to be used. First, in step 1001, the total number of character strings included in a line (the number of valid entries existing in the character string management table) is set in the variable N, and the process proceeds to step 1002. In step 1002, the type of the leading character string S [0] is determined. This type S [0]. If k is'E '(European character string), the process advances to step 1003 to set variable d to 0 and variable j to 1. If the type is'J '(Japanese character string), 1 is set in the variable d and 2 is set in the variable j.

As a result of the above character string segmentation processing,
Since the Japanese character strings and the European character strings are always arranged alternately on the character string management table, the variable d indicates the first European character string on the character string management table when the processing up to this point is finished. The index and variable j are initialized to the index indicating the Japanese character string following the first European character string. After completing the above initial settings, the process proceeds to step 1005.

In step 1005, the value of the variable j is compared with N to determine the termination condition. Here, if the value of j + 1 has already reached N, there is no Western character string to be integrated after the Japanese character string S [j], and the process ends. If j + 1 does not reach N, the process proceeds to step 1006.

In step 1006, the Japanese character string S
Length of [j] (the number of characters S [j].
Check n). If the value is less than the predetermined reference value LS, it is determined that two adjacent Roman character strings sandwiching S [j] are sufficiently close to each other, and the process proceeds to step 1007 to integrate them. On the contrary, if the number of characters is equal to or larger than the reference value LS, the integration is not performed, and step 100
Go to 8.

In the present embodiment, when two Western character strings are integrated, the Western character string that precedes the character string management table (the one with the smaller index) and the Western character string that follows (the index The larger data) is moved / added. When three or more European character strings are adjacent to each other with a short Japanese character string in between, the content data of all the remaining European character strings are moved to the first European character string. There is. In this process, the variable d indicates the index of the European character string to which the content data is moved. Further, the source of the movement of the content data is the European character string following the Japanese character string S [j] which is currently being noticed, and its index is j + 1.

At step 1007, the European character string S [j
The integration process of moving / adding the content data of [+1] to the European character string S [d] is performed. That is, the number of characters S [d]. n
To S [j + 1]. The value of n is added and the character list S
[D]. At the end of L, S [j + 1]. Add all the contents of L. The number of characters S [j + 1]. n is reset to 0. After performing the above processing, step 100
Proceed to 9.

In step 1008, the Japanese character string S [j]
This is the case where the integration process is not performed because the length of is greater than the reference value. In this case, in the subsequent processing, the candidate for the destination of the content data is the European character string S following S [j].
Since it is [j + 1], the value of the variable d is changed to j + 1. Then, it progresses to step 1009.

In step 1009, the value of the variable j is increased by 2 and attention is paid to the next Japanese character string.
Return to 05.

FIG. 8D shows an example of the result of executing the above-described processing on the character string management table of FIG. 8C. Here, it is assumed that the value of the LS is “3” (a condition in which Western character strings adjacent to each other by interposing a Japanese character string less than 3 characters are integrated).
According to this condition, the Western character strings (index = 1 and 3) that are adjacent to each other with the one-character Japanese character string in between are integrated, and the latter content data is moved to the former character list. As a result, the latter is degenerated to an empty character string with the number of characters "0". On the other hand, the European character string (index = 5) following the three-character Japanese character string is not subject to integration and remains as it is.

FIG. 11 shows step 70 in FIG.
5 is a flow chart showing the details of the process for setting the line position for each character string after the integration process.

In this arrangement line position setting process, first, in step 1101, the type of the character string to be processed is determined. Here, if this character string is a Japanese character string, step 1102 is entered. If it is a European character string, step 110 is entered.
Go to 3.

In step 1102, processing is performed when the target character string is a Japanese character string. As described above, in Japanese, the center line, which is a line just between the top line and the bottom line, is used as a line. In the case of a Japanese character string, the position is set so that the center line coincides with the arrangement reference line of the line, and the process ends.

The processing after step 1103 corresponds to the case where the target character string is a European character string, and the position setting processing of the baseline, which is the alignment line, is performed. First, in step 1103, the total number of characters included in the character string is checked. When this value is "0", this character string is
As a result of the above-mentioned character string integration processing, it means that the content has been transferred to another character string and degenerated into an empty character string. Therefore, in this case, since the character to be arranged is not included in the character string, the process ends without doing anything.
If the number of characters is larger than “0”, step 1104
Proceed to.

In step 1104, the total number of characters forming the character string is first substituted into the variable N. Also,
Substitute the total number of descender letters included in the character string for the variable d. After performing the above processing, step 1
Proceed to 105.

In step 1105, it is determined whether the ratio of the value of the variable d to the value of the variable N, that is, the ratio of the number of descender letters to the total number of characters included in the character string has reached a predetermined reference value k. judge. If this ratio d / N is less than k, step 110
6, otherwise go to step 1107.

In step 1106, the European character string to be processed does not include any characters (decender letters) protruding below the baseline, or even if it does, the ratio is small, and the presence of the descender letters exists. This is the process when it is determined that is to be ignored. In this case, make sure that the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the top line of the European character string is equal to the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the baseline of the European character string. Set a baseline. In other words, the baseline position of the Western character string is set so that the middle position between the top line and the baseline of the European character string is on the center line of the Japanese character string. Therefore, for example, using a coordinate system where the line placement reference line (the center line of the Japanese character string matches this) is the origin, and the upward direction is positive, and from the baseline to the top line of the European character string. When the distance is Ha, the following equation including the coordinate Yb at which the baseline of the Roman character string should be set is established.

Yb + (Yb + Ha) = 0 Then, the baseline position to be applied to the European character string of interest at present is determined according to the following equation, and the process is terminated. Yb = -Ha / 2 Step 1107 is a process when the European character string to be processed includes characters (decender letters) protruding below the baseline at a certain ratio or more.

In this case, the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the top line of the European character string is equal to the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the bottom line of the European character string. Set the baseline of the string. In other words, the baseline position of the Roman character string is set so that the middle position between the top line and the bottom line of the European character string is on the center line of the Japanese character string.

Therefore, similarly to step 1106, if a coordinate system in which the line layout reference line is the origin and the upward direction is positive is adopted and the distance from the base line of the Roman character string to the bottom line is Hd, the following equation is obtained. Is established. (Yb + Ha) + (Yb-Hd) = 0 Then, the baseline position to be applied to the European character string of interest at present is determined according to the following equation, and the process is terminated. Yb = (Hd-Ha) / 2 When the document to be processed is vertically written, in steps 1106 and 1107, a coordinate system having the line arrangement reference line as the origin and the rightward direction as positive is taken. The baseline position may be determined on this coordinate system according to the above-mentioned formula.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment differs from the above-described first embodiment in a part of the contents of the processing for setting the line position of each character string (corresponding to FIG. 11).
Since there is no difference in the other processing contents and the configuration of the document processing apparatus to which the invention is applied, the description thereof will be omitted, and only the part different from the first embodiment will be described below.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing the details of the alignment line position setting process for the individual character strings existing in a line in the second embodiment.

In this arrangement line position setting process, first, in step 1201, the type of the character string to be processed is determined. Since the processing of the Japanese character string is the same as that of the first embodiment, the processing of the European character string (step 1
Only 203) will be described.

First, in step 1203, the total number of characters included in the character string is checked. If this value is "0", it means that this character string has been moved to another character string as a result of the above-mentioned character string integration processing and degenerated into an empty character string. In this case, since the character to be arranged is not included in the character string, the process ends without doing anything. If the number of characters is greater than 0, step 1
Proceed to 204.

In step 1204, first the variable W is set to
Substitute the sum of the character widths of all the characters that make up the character string. Further, the sum of the character widths of the descender letters included in the character string is assigned to the variable wd. After performing the above processing, the process proceeds to step 1205.

In step 1205, the ratio of the value of the variable wd to the value of the variable W, that is, the ratio of the width of the descender letter portion to the sum of the character widths of all the characters contained in the character string of interest is set in advance. It is determined whether the reference value k has been reached. If the above ratio wd / W
Is less than k, the process proceeds to step 1206, and otherwise proceeds to step 1207.

In step 1206, the European character string to be processed does not include any character (decender letter) protruding below the baseline, or even if it includes it.
This process is performed when the ratio is small and it is determined that the presence of the descender letter can be ignored. in this case,
Similar to step 1106 shown in FIG. 11 of the first embodiment, the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the top line of the European character string is between the center line of the Japanese character string and the baseline of the European character string. The baseline position of the European character string is set so that it becomes equal to the distance of, and the process ends.

Step 1207 is a process when it is determined that the European character string to be processed includes characters (decender letters) protruding below the baseline at a certain ratio or more. In this case, similar to step 1107 shown in FIG. 9 of the first embodiment, the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the top line of the European character string is
The baseline of the Western character string is set so as to be equal to the distance between the center line of the Japanese character string and the bottom line of the European character string, and the process ends.

In the above two embodiments, the case of mixed Japanese and European plantation has been described as an example. For example, combinations such as Chinese and Russian, Korean and Arabic,
A character belonging to the "first character system" in which the center line located in the center between the top line and the bottom line is used as the arrangement reference line and the characters are arranged on the line so that the center lines of the characters are aligned on a straight line. , Has a baseline which is a placement reference line between the top line and the bottom line,
A "second character system" that includes both characters that match the bottom line at the bottom of the character and characters that match the baseline, and arranges the characters on the line so that the baseline of each character is aligned. If the characters to which the characters belong are mixedly arranged in the same line, the present invention can be applied to other types of character string combinations other than the embodiment.

[0093]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, when a sentence in which a plurality of types of character strings having different character systems are mixed in the same line is edited or output, one character string is used. By dynamically determining the relative position of the line (baseline) of the other character string with respect to the line, the character arrangement is always realized regardless of the character type and its arrangement, and the line irregularity phenomenon. Can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of mixed characters of a Japanese character font and a European character font according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of character arrangement according to a conventional method.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of character arrangement according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an effect of character string integration processing according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example in which the character arrangement method of the present invention is applied to a vertically written character string.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a document processing apparatus to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of line alignment processing for character strings in a document.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of a character string management table used in the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing details of a character string segmentation process 702 in which a character string on a line is segmented into a Japanese character string and a European character string in the first embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a character string integration process 703 for integrating European character strings that are close to each other on a line in the first embodiment.
6 is a flow chart showing details of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the details of the alignment line position setting process 705 for each character string in the first embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the alignment line alignment processing for character strings in a document.

[Explanation of symbols]

101 ... Japanese top line, 102 ... Japanese bottom line, 103 ... Japanese center line, 104 ... European top line, 105 ... European bottom line, 106 ...
European baseline, 612 ... Font dictionary file.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location G09G 5/32 F 9061-5G

Claims (14)

[Claims] 1. A character arrangement method for document processing, wherein a character string input from a character input means or a character string stored in a storage device is arranged in each line and output, and a character upper end The center line located at the center between the top line shown and the bottom line showing the bottom of the character is the placement reference line, and the characters are placed on the line so that the center lines of the characters are aligned on the line. Defined as a system, having a baseline that is an arrangement reference line between the top line and the bottom line, and including both the characters whose bottom edge matches the bottom line and the characters that match the baseline.
When the character system in which the characters are arranged on a line so that the baselines of the characters are arranged in a straight line is defined as the second character system, the first type character composed of the character sequence belonging to the first character system When a column and a character string of the second type composed of a sequence of characters belonging to the second character system are arranged in a mixed manner in the same line, each character string of the second type is included in the character string. According to a predetermined rule, the relative position of the baseline of the character string with respect to the center line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is dynamically determined according to the combination of the characters
A character arrangement method in which the position of the baseline for arranging the second type character string is variable for each character string. 2. A distance between a centerline of the character string of the first type and a top line of the character string of the second type is defined as a first distance, and the centerline of the character string of the first type is defined. The distance between the second character string and the baseline of the second type character string
Of the characters belonging to the second character system, the character whose bottom edge matches the bottom line is called the descender letter, and the other characters are called the non-decender letter. When the descender letter is not included in the character string of the first type, the relative position of the baseline of the character string to the center line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is set to the first distance and the second distance. The character arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein the distances are set to be equal to each other. 3. When the distance between the center line of the character string of the first type and the bottom line of the character string of the second type is defined as a third distance, a specific character string of the second type is defined. When the descender letter is included in the character string, the relative position of the baseline of the character string with respect to the center line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is equal to the first distance and the third distance. The character arrangement method according to claim 2, wherein the character arrangement method is defined as follows. 4. Even if a descender letter is included in a specific second type character string, the proportion of the descender letter portion in the character string does not reach a predetermined constant reference value. In this case, the relative position of the baseline of the character string to the center line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is determined such that the first distance and the second distance are equal. The arrangement method of characters according to claim 2. 5. The character arrangement according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of the number of descender letters included in the character string to the total number of characters included in the character string is used as the ratio of the descender letter portion. method. 6. A ratio of the total value of the character widths of the descender letters contained in the character string to the total value of the character widths of all the characters forming the character string is used as the ratio of the descender letter portion. The character arrangement method according to claim 4. 7. When a plurality of the second type character strings are present in the same line and the distance between the adjacent second type character strings is smaller than a predetermined reference value, , The adjacent second type character strings are integrated and regarded as a single character string, and in accordance with a predetermined rule, corresponding to the combination of characters included in the integrated character string, 7. The relative position of the baseline of the integrated character string with respect to the center line for arranging one kind of character string is determined, and each character belonging to the integrated character string is arranged. The character arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 8. A character arrangement method for document processing, wherein a character string input from a character input means or a character string accumulated in a storage device is arranged and output in each line, and a character upper end is set. The center line located at the center between the top line shown and the bottom line showing the bottom of the character is the placement reference line, and the characters are placed on the line so that the center lines of the characters are aligned on the line. Defined as a system, having a baseline that is an arrangement reference line between the top line and the bottom line, and including both the characters whose bottom edge matches the bottom line and the characters that match the baseline.
When the character system in which the characters are arranged on the line so that the baselines of the characters are arranged in a straight line is defined as the second character system, the first type character string and the second type character string are written vertically. When arranging them in a mixed manner in the lines of, for the character strings of the first type, the center line located at the center between the right and left ends of the character is used as the arrangement reference line, and the center lines of the characters are on the same vertical line. The characters are arranged so as to be lined up. For the second type character string, the characters are rotated clockwise by 90 degrees so that the baselines are arranged on the same vertical line, and each of the second type character strings is arranged. In accordance with a combination of characters included in the character string, the relative position of the baseline of the character string with respect to the centerline on which the character string of the first type is arranged is dynamically determined according to a predetermined rule. And distribute the string A character arrangement method in which the position of the baseline to be placed is variable for each character string. 9. The character arranging method according to claim 8, wherein the line indicating the right end of the character string is redefined as the top line and the line indicating the left end of the character string is redefined as the bottom line, and the first line is defined.
The distance between the center line of the character string of the first kind and the top line of the character string of the second kind is a first distance, and the center line of the character string of the first kind and the baseline of the character string of the second kind The distance between and is defined as the second distance, and among the characters belonging to the second character system, the character whose bottom edge matches the bottom line is called the descender letter, and the other characters are called the nondecender letter. At this time, when the descender letter is not included in the specific second type character string, the relative position of the baseline of the character string with respect to the center line on which the first type character string is arranged is set to the first position. 9. The character arrangement method according to claim 8, wherein the distance is set to be equal to the second distance. 10. A distance between a center line of the first type character string and a bottom line of the second type character string is set to a third distance.
When a descender letter is included in a specific character string of the second type, the relative position of the baseline of the character string with respect to the center line where the character string of the first type is arranged. 10. The character arrangement system according to claim 9, wherein the first distance and the third distance are set to be equal to each other. 11. Even if a descender letter is included in a specific second type character string, the proportion of the descender letter portion in the character string is less than a predetermined constant reference value. In this case, the relative position of the baseline of the character string to the center line on which the character string of the first type is arranged is determined such that the first distance and the second distance are equal. The character arrangement method according to claim 9. 12. The ratio of the descender letter portion,
12. The character arrangement method according to claim 11, wherein a ratio of the number of descender letters included in the character string to the total number of characters included in the character string is used. 13. The ratio of the descender letter portion,
For the total value of the character widths of all the characters that make up the character string,
12. The character arrangement method according to claim 11, wherein a ratio of a total value of character widths of descender letters included in the character string is used. 14. When a plurality of the second type character strings are present in the same line and the distance between the second type character strings adjacent to each other is smaller than a predetermined constant reference value. , The adjacent second type character strings are integrated and regarded as a single character string, and in accordance with a predetermined rule, corresponding to the combination of characters included in the integrated character string, 7. The relative position of the baseline of the integrated character string with respect to the center line for arranging one kind of character string is determined, and each character belonging to the integrated character string is arranged. The character arrangement method according to any one of claims 8 to 13.