JPH05131185A - Garbage disposal device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the volume and quantity of garbage and at the same time, prevent a septic action from occurring, and also enabling garbage to be recycled as raw material for fertilizer and animal feed. CONSTITUTION:The subject garbage disposal device is equipped with a dryer container 3 in which garbage is dumped, a cutting blade 22 provided in a rotatable manner in the dryer container 3, a scraper 23 fixed at the tip of the cutting blade 22, and a strip steel sheet 25 fixed at an opposite position to the scraper 23 in the dryer container 3. In addition, the device consists of a drying air feed pipe and a drying air release pipe connected to the dryer container 3, a deodorizer furnace which heats air in the drying air release pipe, an exhaust pipe for discharging an exhaust gas from the deodorizer furnace, and a heat exchanger which heats air passing through the drying air feed pipe and the drying air release pipe using an exhaust gas running through the exhaust pipe.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention aims to reduce the volume and quantity of food waste produced from food factories, hotels, restaurants, apartments, etc., prevent spoilage of the food waste, and fertilize the food waste. The present invention relates to a food waste processing device that can be reused as a raw material such as feed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, food waste from food factories, hotels, restaurants, multi-dwelling houses, etc. has a problem on the user side such as the occurrence of decay, an increase in the garbage storage area, and an increase in the collection fee of the processing company. In possession, on the processor side,
There are problems such as increased collection and transportation costs, labor shortages, etc., and also local governments have problems such as incinerators and landfill measures, so reducing the volume of garbage and reducing it are major issues. ing. For this reason, conventionally, as a device to be processed by a user with a simple structure, for example, a device for crushing, dehydrating, and bagging food waste has been developed which is a hygienic means and reduces the volume.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional food waste processing apparatus, the weight of the food waste is heavy and the transportation cost is not reduced due to the presence of water in the food waste, and the food waste is easily decomposed. Therefore, there is a problem that the environment is adversely affected. Further, because of these problems, it has been difficult to make them reusable as raw materials such as fertilizers and feeds.

The present invention solves the above problems and aims to reduce the volume and amount of food waste, prevent spoilage, and reuse raw materials for fertilizers, feeds, etc. It is intended to provide a waste treatment device.

[0005]

To this end, the food waste processing apparatus of the present invention includes a drying container 3 into which food waste is put, a cutting blade 22 rotatably provided in the drying container 3, and a cutting blade 22. The scraper 23 fixed to the tip and the drying container 3
A strip-shaped steel plate 25 fixed inside the container so as to face the scraper 23, and a drying air supply pipe 17 connected to the drying container 3.
And a drying air discharge pipe 19, and a drying air discharge pipe 19
Deodorizing furnace 5 for heating the air of the above, an exhaust pipe 20 for exhausting combustion gas from the deodorizing furnace 5 to the atmosphere, and a high temperature combustion gas passing through the exhaust pipe 20 to supply a drying air supply pipe 17 and a drying air exhaust pipe. Heat exchangers 6, 7 for heating the air passing through 19.
And is provided. It should be noted that the numbers added to the above-mentioned configurations are for comparison with the drawings for easy understanding, and the configurations of the present invention are not limited thereby.

[0006]

In the present invention, the outside air is heated by the air passing through the exhaust pipe 20 in the heat exchanger 6 and supplied into the drying container 3, and the high temperature air comes into contact with the food waste inside the drying container 3. The moist air that is adiabatically cooled and absorbs the water content of the food waste passes through the drying air discharge pipe 19 and the heat exchanger 7
After being heated by the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe 20, the heated air is used as combustion air in the deodorizing furnace 5, and the odor contained in the exhaust air is thermally decomposed and exhausted to the outside. To be done. On the other hand, the raw garbage is sent into the drying container 3, stirred by the stirring device 13 in the drying container 3, and the raw garbage dried in the drying container 3 is stored in the garbage storage container 15 by opening the opening / closing lid 16. Is stored in. In the present invention, the large solid garbage is crushed and cut by the scraper tip of the stirring device 13 and the strip-shaped steel plate, so that the drying efficiency is improved and no special crushing device is required, and the leftover food etc. Sticky food waste
Since it becomes granular, the garbage does not become sticky or pasty and sticks to the inner surface of the drying container, or only the surface is scorched so that the inside cannot be dried.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the food waste processing apparatus of the present invention. The food waste processing device of the present invention is roughly composed of a hopper 1 for introducing food waste, a dewatering device 2, a drying container 3, a deodorizing furnace 5 having a burner 4, heat exchangers 6, 7, a fan 8 for blowing, a filter 9, It consists of 10.

Inside the drying container 3, there is provided an agitator 13 having a rotary shaft 21 driven by an electric motor (not shown) and a cutting blade 22 provided on the rotary shaft 21. A dust container 15 is attached to a lower portion of the drying container 3, and an opening / closing lid 16 is arranged above the drying container 3 just below. The opening / closing lid 16 is controlled to be opened / closed by an electric motor (not shown).

A drying air supply pipe 17 is connected to the upper portion of the drying container 3, and a combustion gas is supplied into the drying container 3 via a blower fan 8, a filter 9 and a heat exchanger 6.
A drying air discharge pipe 19 is connected to the upper side of the drying container 3 on the side opposite to the drying air supply pipe 17, and combustion air is supplied to the burner 4 via the filter 10 and the heat exchanger 7, and the burner 4 The fuel is burned in the deodorizing furnace 5.
An exhaust pipe 20 is connected to the deodorizing furnace 5, and in the heat exchangers 6 and 7, the air passing through the drying air supply pipe 17 and the drying air discharge pipe 19 is heated and then discharged into the atmosphere.

A temperature detector T1 is provided in the deodorizing furnace 5, and temperature detectors T2 and T3 are provided in the drying air supply pipe 17 and the drying air discharge pipe 19, respectively. The food waste processing method of the present invention having the above-mentioned configuration will be described. When the burner 4 and the blower fan 8 are operated, the outside air is heated by the air passing through the exhaust pipe 20 in the heat exchanger 6 and supplied into the drying container 3. This high-temperature air is adiabatically cooled by coming into contact with food waste in the drying container 3, and the moist air that has absorbed the water content of the food waste is sent to the heat exchanger 7 via the drying air discharge pipe 19, and here After being heated by exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipe 20, it is sent to the burner 4. This heated air is used as combustion air in the deodorizing furnace 5, and the odor contained in the exhaust air is thermally decomposed and exhausted to the outside. On the other hand, the food waste is put into the hopper 1 and dehydrated by the dehydrator 2, and then the food waste is sent into the drying container 3 and agitated by the agitating device 13 in the drying container 3 and then in the drying container 3. The dried food waste is stored in the waste storage container 15 by opening the opening / closing lid 16.

By the way, the food waste is a mixture of various foods, and the factors of spoilage and odor generation thereof differ depending on the water activity aw of each food. Here, the water activity aw is aw = water vapor pressure of food / saturated water vapor pressure of air. It is said that it is preferable to dry so that the water activity aw becomes about 0.2 to 0.6. This is because if the water activity is too low, the deterioration of the lipid is promoted by the oxidation of the lipid. Therefore, it is necessary to dry so that the water activity reaches a certain value. Therefore, in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-99117 filed earlier by the present inventors, the combustion amount of the deodorizing furnace 5 is controlled by the inlet temperature t ₂ of the drying container 3 and the outlet temperature t ₃ of the drying container 3 is controlled. It was proposed to grasp the dry condition.

This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows a moist air diagram, where t is the dry-bulb temperature ° C, X is the absolute humidity, and ψ is the relative humidity.

If the water activity of food waste is dried to 0.3, the relative humidity of the humid air at the outlet of the drying container 3 is set to 3
It should be 0%. For example, if the temperature of the outside air is 30 ° C. and the relative humidity is 80% (point A in the figure), this is set as the heat exchanger 6
Is heated to 120 ° C. (t ₂ ) along the iso-absolute humidity line B (point C in the figure), is cooled along the adiabatic cooling line D in the drying container 3 and is saturated at point E of 40 ° C. in the steady state. It becomes air. When the food waste is heated and the water activity decreases, the outlet air temperature rises and the relative humidity intersects with 30%.
C becomes the outlet temperature t ₃ of the drying container 3. That is, to make the water activity of food waste 0.3, it is sufficient to finish the drying at the time when the temperature of the temperature detector T3 becomes t ₃ .

Various experiments were conducted using the above apparatus and control method, and as shown in FIG. 3, the drying container inlet temperature t ₂
It was found that the heat efficiency is high at 100 to 300 ° C, preferably about 200 ° C, and therefore the drying time is shortened.
The reason why the thermal efficiency decreases with increasing temperature is that the heat loss from the wall surface increases. The thermal efficiency mentioned here is the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization at the outlet of the drying container to the total amount of heat at the inlet of the drying container.

Further, it has been found that it is the most difficult to dry starchy food waste such as leftover food. This is because when the leftover rice is put in a drying container and stirred, the leftover rice becomes a rice cake-like or pasty substance and sticks to the inner surface of the drying container, or only the surface is scorched so that the inside cannot be dried. .. Therefore, an attempt was made to adopt the control for detecting the drying container outlet temperature t ₃ and grasping the dry state, and to carry out the charging in small portions while watching the drying container outlet temperature t ₃ .

Table 1 shows the actual capacity of the drying container 3 of 20 to 30.
It is set to 1 liter, and the leftover food is used as raw garbage.
The experimental results are shown for the case of divided addition by%. When the divided addition is adopted, the stirring power is small and the thermal efficiency is high, and the leftover rice becomes sticky or pasty and sticks to the inner surface of the drying container 3. It does not happen that the inside can not be dried because the surface only burns.

[0017]

[Table 1]

As a result of various experiments, it has been found that it is the most difficult to dry large solid garbage and sticky garbage such as leftover food. This means that the food waste solidified by drying is rotated in the drying container 3 without being crushed, so that the drying efficiency is lowered, and when the leftover rice is put in the drying container and stirred, the leftover food is left. This is because it becomes sticky or pasty and sticks to the inner surface of the drier, or only the surface of the garbage is burnt and the inside cannot be dried. In order to solve this problem, the inventors of the present invention have proposed Japanese Patent Application No. 3-99.
No. 120 proposes that a rotating cutting blade on the stirring device side and another cutting blade adjacent to this cutting blade be fixed to the drying container side. However, in this case,
Since the lateral clearance of both cutting blades determines the crushing accuracy, if the rigidity, strength and assembly accuracy of the drying container, the rotating shaft of the stirring device and the cutting blade are not secured, the rotating shaft will be deformed and the cutting blade will dry. There is a risk of contact with the cutting blade on the container side. Therefore, the present invention has improved the stirring device 13.

4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of the stirring device 13 in different directions. A large number of cutting blades 22 are fixed to the rotary shaft 21 of the stirring device 13, and a flat scraper 23 is tilted and fixed to the tip of the cutting blade 22 to stir the raw garbage. The cutting blades 22 are arranged in five rows in the illustrated embodiment,
Four cutting blades 22 are arranged in each row, and the cutting blades 22 in the adjacent rows are arranged so as to be out of phase by 90 degrees. The number of rows and the number of cutting blades 22 are not limited to this, and various changes can be made.

A strip-shaped steel plate 25 is fixed inside the drying container 3 so as to face the scraper 23 of the stirrer. The strip-shaped steel plate 25 has a height of 2 to 3 mm and a clearance from the tip of the scraper 23 is about 1 to 5 mm. The strip-shaped steel plate 25 may be a long one as shown in the drawing, or the scraper 2
It is also possible to divide and fix the parts in a position facing the position 3.

With the above construction, the large solid garbage is cut and crushed by the tip of the scraper 23 and the strip steel plate 25, so that the drying efficiency is improved and no special crushing device is required. Since sticky food waste such as etc. becomes granular, it becomes sticky to the inner surface of the drying container 3 in the form of rice cake or paste, or only the surface is scorched and the inside cannot be dried. Disappear. Further, the clearance between the tip of the scraper 23 and the strip-shaped steel plate 25 determines the crushing accuracy, but even if the cutting blade 22 is deformed due to the radial distance, it does not come into contact with the strip-shaped steel plate 25. FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view showing another embodiment of the stirring device according to the present invention. In this embodiment,
The scraper 23 is fixed to the cutting blade 22 so as to be inclined with respect to the strip-shaped steel plate 25, and when the scraper 23 rotates as shown by the arrow in the drawing, the garbage is cut obliquely to enhance the cutting and crushing effect.

[0022]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, large solid garbage is crushed and cut by the scraper tip and the strip-shaped steel plate, so that the surface area is increased and the drying efficiency is improved. At the same time, no special crushing device is required, and sticky food waste such as leftover food is granular, so the food waste becomes sticky or sticky on the inner surface of the drying container, or only on the surface. No longer sticks to the inside and cannot be dried inside. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the volume and amount of food waste, and it is possible to reduce the transportation cost and the storage space.

Further, by using the water activity as a parameter for grasping the dry state, the dry quality can be accurately grasped by a simple method, and the water activity of raw garbage is processed to an appropriate value. Prevents the decay and odor of food waste, facilitates long-term storage of food waste, and
It can be reused as a raw material such as fertilizer and feed.

Further, the air discharged from the drying container is sent to the burner and used as combustion air, and most of the odor contained in the air is decomposed by heating by the burner.
No deodorizing device is required and no odor is generated during operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a food waste processing device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a moist air diagram for explaining the method of treating food waste of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an experimental result according to the present invention.

4 is an axial cross-sectional view of the stirring device of FIG.

5 is a sectional view of the stirring device of FIG. 4 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the stirring device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

3 ... Drying container, 4 ... Burner, 5 ... Deodorizing furnace, 6, 7 ... Heat exchanger 13 ... Stirring device, 17 ... Drying air supply pipe, 19 ... Drying air discharge pipe 22 ... Cutting blade, 23 ... Scraper, 25 ... Strip steel plate

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tohru Akeboshi 1-3-1, Nishitsurugaoka, Oi-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama Tonen Research Institute

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A drying container into which food waste is put, a cutting blade rotatably provided in the drying container, a scraper fixed to the tip of the cutting blade, and a scraper inside the drying container. Strip-shaped steel plates fixed to face each other, a drying air supply pipe and a drying air discharge pipe connected to a drying container, a deodorizing furnace for heating the air in the drying air discharging pipe, and a combustion from the deodorizing furnace. Garbage including an exhaust pipe for exhausting gas to the atmosphere, and a heat exchanger for heating the air passing through the drying air supply pipe and the drying air discharge pipe by combustion gas passing through the exhaust pipe Processing equipment.