JPH0468883B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a tilling tool or a tilling machine, and in particular,
a frame portion rotatable on the ground; a line supported by the frame portion extending substantially horizontally at right angles to, or at least transversely to, a predetermined working direction of movement of the equipment or machine; or at least a plurality of tillage members each having a member that is driven and rotated about an axis extending upwardly, and behind the tillage members with respect to the working movement direction, the frame portion and the entire tillage member. Position both up and down,
a grounding roller that is adjustable and located close to the rotational path of the tillage member during use of the implement or machine and located between the member and the grounding roller over a substantial working width of the machine; on cultivated land for a period of time or
The present invention relates to an earth-cultivating implement or machine of the type including a soil-collecting member extending adjacent thereto.

This type of implement or machine is particularly suitable for, but not limited to, the creation of seedbeds. For the sake of brevity, the term "equipment" or "machine" will be abbreviated to "equipment" in the following text.

[Conventional technology]

The conventional implements described above move soil from a rototill member to a rear pile member, which has a substantially uniform thickness across the width of the implement to evenly distribute and further break up the soil. The crushed soil immediately faces the following ground roller. However, when the rotary member moves a large amount of soil backwards, the accumulated soil member tends to move downwards, and this tendency has a negative effect on the organization of the seedbed being created. It also requires an increase in the output power of other vehicles.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

The object of the invention is to provide a structure in which a good seedbed is created under virtually all working conditions, and at the same time the above-mentioned problems are overcome or at least considerably reduced.

[Means for solving the problem] According to the present invention, the accumulated soil member has an elongated shape and is located in front of a plane including the rotation axis of the above-mentioned row of tilled soil members with respect to a predetermined work movement direction. To provide a tillage implement of the type described above, which is pivotable upwardly and downwardly about at least one axis. Because of this construction, the soil element can be moved upwardly, if desired, without being deflected to the extent that it significantly interferes with the uniform distribution and crushing effect.

〔Example〕

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For an understanding of the invention and for illustrating embodiments thereof, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

First of all, referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the attached drawings, this tillage equipment has the shape of a rotating harrow that is mainly configured and arranged for preparing seedbeds, in which seeds germinate and seedlings are grown as necessary. After thinning it grows upwards to maturity. The tillage implement includes a hollow, elongated, box-shaped frame portion 1, the long axis of which extends substantially horizontally and generally in a predetermined working direction of movement indicated by arrow A, as shown. extending substantially horizontally at right angles to. A plurality of substantially vertical or at least upwardly extending axes 2, twelve in the described embodiment, are arranged in the hollow frame part 1 in a row parallel to the lateral length of the frame part 1. The longitudinal axes a of the shafts 2 are rotatably supported by bearings on the upper and lower walls, each shaft 2 being parallel to all other axes and spaced apart from each other at regular intervals. Although not required, a distance of 25 cm is effective. Each axis 2
The lower part projects downward from the underside of the bottom of the hollow frame part, to which a corresponding rotary tillage member 3 is firmly and releasably fastened.

The shaft 2 constitutes part of a rotary tillage member 3, each such tillage member 3 being substantially horizontally mounted defining two arms projecting radially in opposite directions from a central hub of a support or carrier 4. The hub includes an internal spline which engages a mating external spline in the part of the corresponding shaft 2 which projects downwardly from the bottom side of the hollow frame part 1. The outer ends of the two arms of each carrier 4 are integrally or rigidly mounted with a corresponding substantially vertically placed sleeve-like holder in which the shape of the tines 5 is formed. The upper tightening portion of the solid tillage tool is firmly and removably tightened. Each tine 5 further includes a downwardly protruding tilling section, which, when using the tilling implement, penetrates into the soil to be tilled to such an extent that its maximum value can be set in advance in the manner described below. .

The ends of the elongated hollow frame part 1 are closed by corresponding generally, but not strictly rectangular, side plates 6, which are in a substantially parallel relationship to each other and to the direction A. 3 and 4 clearly show the exact shape of the side plates 6, each of which projects from the remainder of the hollow frame part 1 vertically upwardly and rearwardly for a considerable distance. In fact, it is preferred that each side plate 6 has a vertical area twice that of the hollow frame part. The upper leading area of the two side plates 6 is
carrying a corresponding substantially horizontally aligned pivot bolt 7, the axis defined by the bolt 7 being parallel to the lateral length of the hollow frame part 1 and at a horizontal position slightly above the top of the frame part 1; is in An arm 8 extending along the side of each side plate 6 towards the center of the tillage implement includes a leading end rotatably mounted on a corresponding pivot bolt 7, as can be seen from the figure. The rear end of the hollow frame part 1 is
located well behind, primarily, but not entirely,
behind the curved rearmost edge of the corresponding side plate 6. The main part of each arm 8, whose leading end is pivotably mounted on the corresponding bolt 7, and the rear part of the same arm 8 are substantially parallel, but with an intermediate part inclined downward and rearward. Thus, in virtually all operative positions of each arm 8, the trailing end is in a generally or primarily lower horizontal position than the leading main part of the arm.

The rear portion of each arm 8 is connected to a corresponding rearward, downwardly sloping support plate 9 which is rigidly and removably fastened to said arm 8 by several bolts in the locations clearly shown in FIG. , and a branched portion (the first
Figure) carries substantially horizontally aligned bearings;
So that the soil contacting roller 10 can rotate freely,
It is installed between the bearings. The center axis of rotation of the openwork, cage-type earthing roller 10 extends, in the present invention, parallel to and substantially horizontally with respect to a vertical plane containing the vertical center axis of rotation a of the twelve rotary tillage members 3. The roller 10 comprises a plurality, for example five, of one substantially hexagonal support plate and a plurality of elongate tubular members 11, parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the direction A. 11 is roller 1
The periphery of the support plate is connected in a way that it wraps around the rotation center axis of 0 in a spiral manner to some extent.
In this embodiment, five support plates are arranged at regular intervals, two of which are located at both ends of the shaft of the roller 10, and the plates define an axis around which the roller 10 can freely rotate. 9 firmly carries an aligned central stub shaft which cooperates with the bearing carried by the 9.

The substantially rearward end of the leading straight portion of each arm 8 carries a bracket having a block pivotally mounted thereon, the block being formed with an internally threaded bore and having an adjusting spindle of known construction. A matching threaded shank passes through the bore and the spindle 12 is provided with a manual crank handle at its upper end. The lower end of the threaded shank of each adjusting spindle 12 is attached to a corresponding bracket projecting rearwardly from the hollow frame part, such that both are rotatable and can be tilted to some extent relative to the bracket, but without significant axial displacement. Link. When the crank handles at the upper ends of the two adjustment spindles 12 are rotated in the proper direction, the arm 8 and the ground roller 10
It will be appreciated that both can be rotated both upwardly and downwardly with respect to the hollow frame part 1 and the tillage member 3 about a substantially horizontal axis provided by the aligned pivot bolts 7. The conventional construction of the two adjusting spindles is such that the desired height of the grounding roller 10 is automatically maintained until the spindle 12 is rotated again. Since the tillage equipment is mainly held on the ground by the rollers 10 that apply weight to the ground, the maximum depth that the tines can penetrate into the soil when using the equipment is mainly determined by the tillage. It will be appreciated that the position of the grounding roller 10 relative to the position of the member 3.

An elongated shield 13 of L cross-section extends directly in front of the tillage element 3 in the horizontal position of the support or carrier 4 of the tillage element 3 with respect to the direction A, said shield 13 substantially covering the hollow frame part. Extends across the entire width. The shield 13 has a strong metal structure, and protects the upper part of the tilled soil member 3 from damage caused by the impact of excavated stones. , to help deflect loose stones and other hard objects encountered below from the upper part. However, the shield 13 is deflected against the flexible resistance of the springs around a substantially horizontal axis located near the front face of the hollow frame part 1, so that if a dislodged stone or other hard object At least one upper part of the tilled soil member 3 and the shield 13
If there is a blockage in the rear part of the
The shield 13 deflects forward and no significant damage can occur due to such temporary occlusion. As soon as the blocked stone or the like is removed, the spring immediately restores the normal position of the shield 13.

Substantially symmetrically arranged guard plates 15 are on the outer ends of the row of tillage members 3 in substantially perpendicular and parallel relation to each other and to direction A. Each protective plate 1
5 is carried by the corresponding arm 14, and the arm 14
is mounted on a bracket at the top of the frame part 1 so as to be rotatable about an axis extending substantially horizontally and parallel to direction A. 2
The lower edges of the protective plates 15 are formed to be able to slide forward on the ground in the direction A, and can be slid in the direction A by rotating vertically around the axis of the pivoting portion of the corresponding arm 14. Able to adapt to the unevenness of the ground that may be encountered during work. The guard plate 15 primarily cooperates with the adjacent tilling elements 3 at the ends of the row to the same extent as it does with the cooperation between a pair of adjacent tilling elements 3 near the center of the implement. fulfill a function. Moreover, the protection plate 15 prevents the rapidly rotating tines of the tilling member 3 from scattering loose stones or other hard objects to the sides of the path of the tilling implement, thereby preventing damage or damage caused by the same. Although the risk is not completely eliminated, it is greatly reduced.

When the soil cultivating tool is not in use, the two protection plates 15 are rotated upward and inward about the pivoting portions of the corresponding arms 14, and are placed at the top of the hollow frame part 1 in opposite positions.

Two substantially trapezoidal plates 16 are provided vertically above the top of the frame part 1 at corresponding distances inwardly from each end of the frame part 1 . As shown in the figures, each plate 16 is preferably aligned with the longitudinal axis of the third member 3 from the opposite end of the row of tillage members 3. The two plates 16 are mutually
It also carries a pair of horizontal pivot pins 17, perpendicularly parallel to direction A, each vertically spaced, both pins 17 supporting a total of 12 of the tillage members 3 relative to direction A. located in front of the aforementioned vertical plane containing the axis of rotation a of This is desirable. The two pivot pins 17 are vertically spaced one above the other and each define a substantially horizontal axis parallel to the lateral length of the hollow frame 1, with each upper pin 17
rotatably supports the leading ends of two upper arms 18, and each lower pin 17 rotatably supports the leading ends of two lower arms 19. As seen in FIG. 1, each pair of two upper arms 18 and two lower arms 19 have a corresponding trapezoidal plate 1
On both sides of 6. Upper arm 18 and lower arm 1
9 extend generally with respect to the direction A to a position after the rearmost edge of the frame part 1, where they are further connected to both sides of the corresponding carrying arm 22 by means of upper and lower horizontal pivot pins 20 parallel to the pins 17. Connect with.

In fact, the rear ends of arms 18 and 19 and the carrying arm 2
2 is made to a substantially vertically arranged upper part 21 of these arms 22, which part 21 extends substantially vertically downwards behind the hollow frame part 1. two arms 22
The lower part 31 extends downward from the lower end of the upper part 21 somewhat diagonally forward with respect to the vertical direction, and has a substantially congruent working width of the 12 plowing members 3 at its lower end. During this period, the accumulated soil member 23, which extends substantially horizontally in parallel to the hollow frame portion 1, is welded or firmly fastened. In this way, the elongated accumulated soil member 23 also has a total of 12 rotary tilled soil members 3.
extends parallel or substantially parallel to an imaginary vertical plane containing the axis of rotation a of.

The pivot axis defined by each set of four pins 17 and 20 is connected to a corresponding polygonal linkage 24.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, each linkage 24 is a parallelogram linkage. In FIG. 2, upper arm 18 and lower arm 19 occupy a horizontal or substantially horizontal position. maximum downward displacement of each linkage 24;
In other words, the maximum downward displacement of the accumulated soil member 23 that it performs is that the stop pin 25 is
6 and positioned below the lower edges of the pair of lower arms 19, so that the arms 19 are positioned between the pins 25 and the lower edges. It is determined by preventing downward rotation around the corresponding pivot pin 17 beyond the contact position. The upper rear region of each trapezoidal plate 16 has a corresponding vertically projecting bracket 2.
7, the bracket 27 defines a row of vertically spaced holes 28 above its center. A helical tension spring 29 engages a predetermined hole in each row, with the other end of the spring 29 engaging a row of holes 30 extending near the upper edge of one of the two upper arms 18 of each pair. This row of holes 30 is engaged with a predetermined one.
Located almost horizontally. The spring 29 is the accumulated soil member 23
It will be appreciated that this constitutes a weight-reducing member that significantly limits the pressure exerted on the ground. spring 29
The other end is related to the adjustment of the tillage equipment to the maximum depth of soil penetration of the tines 5, and also in relation to the nature and conditions of the tilled soil to be cultivated in any particular case.
Engageable with appropriate holes 28 and 30. Of course, the effectiveness of the soil pack member 23 increases or decreases in relation to the particular holes 28 and 30 that the opposing ends of the spring 29 engage.

The accumulated soil member 23 is located at the leading lower end of the lower portion 31 of the two carrying arms 22, and the arrangement of these arm portions 31 extending obliquely downward and forward is such that the tine 5 of the rotary tillage member 3 is aligned with the direction A. The arrangement is such that the accumulated soil member 23 is located immediately after.
When the arm 22 is arranged as in FIG. Accumulated soil member 23
includes an upper portion 32 and a lower portion 33 of substantially, but not strictly equal, width. When the tillage implement is in operation, the upper part 32 of the member 23 is arranged vertically or substantially vertically, while the lower part 33 thereof is arranged with respect to the direction A, the lower edge of the part 32 and the part 33
Extends diagonally downward and rearward from the integral joint with the upper edge of. The portions 32 and 33 are both flat and extend substantially horizontally, parallel to a substantially perpendicular plane containing the axis of rotation a of the twelve cultivating soil members 3;
The lower parts 31 of the two carrying arms 22 are welded or clamped to the rear side of the upper part 32 of the soil pile member 23 .

The upper pivot pin 20 by which the upper arm 18 rotatably connects with the arm section 21 is of an easily removable construction and thus fits into a predetermined hole of a vertically spaced hole 34 through the arm section 21. and can cooperate with a predetermined hole 35 formed through the upper arm 18 to its rearmost end. FIG. 2 shows three holes 34 in each arm section 21 in each upper arm 1.
Although only two holes 35 are shown at 8, it will be appreciated that the number of these holes 34 and 35 can be increased as desired. A central hole 34 in each arm portion 21 and a pair of upper arms 18 as shown in FIG.
Each linkage 24 is a parallel linkage when the rear pair of holes 35 cooperate with the upper pivot pin 20, but the upper pivot pin 20 cooperates with another hole 34 and/or 35. When activated, the four pivot pins 17
The parallelogram relationship of and 20 disappears, and each linkage 24 becomes rather a polygonal linkage. In particular, from the rearmost hole 35 used in FIG. 2 with respect to direction A,
By cooperating the upper pivot pin 20 with the more forward hole 35, the effective length of each upper arm 18 is shortened so that the member 23 deflects more rapidly during operation of the tillage implement, thus Damage can be more easily avoided when cultivating land that contains a large number of stones or other hard objects at or near the ground. When the linkage device 24 is not a parallel linkage device but a polygonal linkage device, the accumulated soil member 23 is somewhat inclined when moving up and down, so the arrangement of the member 23 with respect to the flow of soil moving backward from the rotating member 3 changes, As a result, it affects the fracture dispersion of the soil. By using a different hole 34 in the upper part 21 of the arm 22 and by using each linkage 24, the angularity of each linkage 24 is changed, thus removing the soil pile member 23 from the rapidly rotating tines 5. This affects the positioning of the member 23 relative to the soil which is ejected towards and behind.

Each shaft 2 in the hollow frame part 1 is provided with a corresponding spur gear 36, each of the 12 (in this example) gears having 12
In a row of several such gears, each tooth is dimensioned to engage a tooth on an immediately adjacent gear. One of the pair of shafts 2 located in the center of the row of 12 shafts has a gear box 37 fastened to the top of the frame portion 1.
up to and has an upward extension passing through the top of the frame part 1. This upper extension is connected to the rotational input shaft 3 of the gear box 37 by the shaft and bevel gear contained within the gear box.
9 and the drive connection is arranged, but the gear box 37
Since the structure of is not the subject of this invention, it will not be described in detail. The splined or keyed leading end of the rotational input shaft 39 is directed in the direction A from the front surface of the gear box 37.
The input shaft 39 extends forward substantially horizontally relative to the input shaft 39.
is connected to a power take-off shaft behind a tractor or other vehicle when the tilling implement is in operation, and the tractor or the like drives the tilling implement through a telescoping transmission shaft 40 of a known structure with universal joints at both ends. do. A transmission gear 38 is provided at the rear of the gear box 37 with respect to the direction A, but since this is also not the subject of the present invention, detailed illustrations and explanations will not be provided.

The transmission gear 38 has an easily removable lid under which rearwardly projecting splined ends of two substantially horizontal shafts are arranged connected to each other by pairs of spur gears of different dimensions. Each pair is convertible at the end of the shaft to provide a different transmission rate between the two shafts, or can be replaced with another pair of interlocking gears, so that when the tillage implement is used, it is defined by the transmission gear 38. Suffice it to say that the transmission rate determines the speed of the twelve tillage members 3 that are rotated corresponding to the substantially standard rotational speed applied to the leading end of the rotary input shaft 39. The front central area of the hollow frame part 1 carries a connecting element or cradle 41 which is essentially isosceles triangular when viewed from the front or the rear. The connection member or frame 41 has two horizontally spaced lower connection points and one upper connection point, which connection points are connected to three points at the rear of a tractor or other vehicle for moving or driving tillage equipment. Intended for connecting point lifting or traction equipment. This structure is schematically shown in Figure 1, but there are two slopes that slope steeply downward and backward.
It can be seen that the book branch connecting rod strongly connects a position near the top of the connecting member or pedestal 41 with a widely spaced position at the rear of the top of the hollow frame part 1.

When using the tillage implement described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a three-point lifting device is installed at the rear of an agricultural tractor or other working vehicle in the manner previously described and schematically shown in FIG. Alternatively, the traction device and the connecting member or frame 41 are connected, and the leading end with a spline groove or a key groove of the rotary input shaft 39 of the gear box 37 is connected by a conventional telescoping transmission shaft 40 with a flexible shaft at both ends. , arranged for driving connection with the rear output shaft of the same tractor or other vehicle. The maximum depth that the tines 5 of the tilled soil member 3 penetrate into the soil is:
Before starting the work, the overall position of the grounding roller 10 relative to the positions of the frame portion 1 and tilled soil member 3 is set by rotating the adjustment spindle so as to raise and lower it. When the tillage implement moves over the cultivated land in direction A, each of the tillage members 3 cultivates an individual strip extending in a given direction, so that (in this example) the 12 strips overlap each other or at least Since it is adjacent to
One wide field is created with the dimensions already mentioned - although not required - 3m wide. The engagement relationship of the gear 36 is such that each of the shaft 2, the tilling member 3, and the gear 36 rotates in the opposite direction to each of the immediately adjacent similar assemblies, and the rotation direction of these assemblies is the first. It is indicated by a small arrow in the figure. In addition to the adjustment of the maximum depth of penetration of the tines 5 of the plowing soil element 3, which is possible before the start of work, the horizontal position of the soil accumulation element 23 must also be adjusted accordingly. This is done by placing the stop pin 25 in the appropriate hole 26 so that when the tines 5 are at their maximum penetration depth in the soil, the lower edge of the lower part 33 of the soil pile member 23 contacts the ground immediately behind the rototill member 3. such contact is achieved by engaging the ends of the spring 29 in the appropriate holes 28 and 30, and the manner in which said member 23 is displaced upwardly is
The particular hole 3 selected for cooperation with the upper pivot pin 20
Depends on 4 and 35. Stop pin 25 if necessary
can be employed as a fixation device, and the upper arm 18 can be extended rearwardly so as to utilize the rearward extension of the upper arm 18 as a handle to facilitate adjustment of the linkage 24, if desired. Instead of employing the stop pin 25 to connect with the hole 26,
Continuously variable regulators can be used, e.g.
There are stopping devices etc. which can be moved in the vertical direction by the cooperation of screw threads provided with locking nuts. Such an arrangement naturally increases the versatility of adjustment, so that any required setting can be reliably achieved.

Adjustments made by stop pins 25 and holes 26 or continuously changeable adjustment devices can be applied to the soil pile member 2.
3 should be set so that the lower edge of the portion 33 is slightly higher than the horizontal position of the bottom of the grounding roller 10. When the tilling soil tines 5 crush the soil, the transferred soil becomes a soil flow and flows between adjacent members 3 according to the rotation direction of each adjacent pair of tilling soil members 3, either forward or backward with respect to the direction A. Move to.

As is clear from the arrows in FIG. 1 showing the successive and opposite directions of rotation of the tillage member 3, the member 3 moves in the longitudinal direction along the row of the member 3.
The flow of soil created between the two flows alternately forward and backward in direction A. The original soil texture is fractured during the advance of the tines 5 in direction A, and then during the backward movement of the tines 5 the displaced soil is further fractured, so that substantially all the soil is not from the beginning. Eventually, it becomes a nearly fan-shaped flow that spreads backwards. The coarser, heavier and harder components of the transferred soil are radiated further back than the finer, lighter and softer components, so that the former mainly impinge on the upper part 32 of the accumulated soil member 23. These elements move downwards and are further crushed and distributed along the length of the member 23 together with finer, lighter, softer elements, almost uniformly from the lower edge of the member 23 over its working width. Create a homogeneously crushed soil layer that is released. The member 11 of the grounding roller 10 is also effective in flattening and compacting the cultivated soil, and at the same time has the effect of breaking up any exceptionally missed clods. Cultivated soil parts 3
The compaction effect produced by the rotation of the ground rollers 10 immediately after the rotation of the ground rollers 10 serves to keep the tilled soil in a flat, compacted condition that is resistant to the later erosive action of wind and water.

The grounding roller 10 described above is an openwork, cage-shaped roller, but if desired, it can be replaced with a so-called packer roller. The thickness of the rearward discharged soil layer can be adjusted to be substantially uniform. The pressure with which the lower edge of the member 23 contacts the ground can be increased or decreased by repositioning the spring 29, depending on the requirements of the soil pile member 23.
The particular way in which the upper pins 20 are biased upward can be changed by repositioning the upper pins 20 in the holes 35 and/or 34. In particular, the closer a given hole 35 is to the pivot pin 17 at the leading end of the corresponding upper arm 18, the more rapidly the earth pile member 23 will deflect upwardly when pushed upwardly. The deflectability of the soil pile member 23 by the adjustable linkage 24 and the weight-reducing spring 29 is such that the deflection of the soil pile member 23 from the rotating tines 5
3, it greatly contributes to the uniform dispersion of the crushed soil temporarily accumulated by the member 23, and it is possible to maximize the effectiveness of the accumulated soil member 23. It is not essential that the members 23 take the form shown in FIG. 2, but they can, if desired, be constructed by plate assemblies in widely spaced, close, or adjacent relation to one another. It is.

FIG. 3 shows the first of several modifications, in which parts similar or equivalent to those described with reference to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, and Not detailed. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the trapezoid 16 is replaced by an upright plate 42 having the compound shape seen in FIG.
Each plate 42 includes a significantly larger vertical area at the front with respect to direction A than at the rear, and includes an upper arm 1
Each pair of 8 is replaced by a corresponding arm 43 of variable length. The leading end of each upper arm 43 includes a cylinder 45 whose forward-most end carries a hawk 47 rotatably connected to the upper part of the corresponding plate 42 by an upper pin 17 . A rod 44 extends from the rearward open end of the cylinder 45 and is axially displaceable within the cylinder 45 against the flexible resistance of at least one spring. The rearmost end of the rearwardly projecting rod 44 carries a hawk 46 between the rims of which the upper arm portion 21 is pivotally mounted by a corresponding upper pivot pin 20. As shown, each hawk 46 preferably has at least one hole 35 as previously described.
These holes 35 form two pairs of
Each pair of holes selected from
A respective upper pivot pin 20 can be received for connecting the hawk 46 to the upper portion. Pivoting polygonal linkage 48 is again essentially linkage 24
3, but in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, each such linkage is a parallel linkage. A pair of lugs 49 project from the top of the cylinder 45 at its rearmost end, and a horizontal pivot pin connects these lugs to the piston rod of an air piston-cylinder assembly or so-called gas spring 50.
The upper end of the assembly or pneumatic spring 50 is formed by a 1 projecting rearwardly from substantially the top of the corresponding plate 42.
It is pivotally connected to a pair of lugs 51. The assembly or gas spring 50 tends to maintain a predetermined length and resists both increases and decreases in its length. In this embodiment, the two piston-cylinder assemblies or gas springs 50 are
Serving as a weight reduction device and not shown, each assembly or gas spring 50 is connected to a corresponding lug 49 and 51.
The location of the pivot pins connected to the lugs can be adjusted substantially in both the vertical and horizontal directions by enlarging the lugs and providing rows of holes such that any pair of holes therein can receive a corresponding pivot pin. It can be said that it is adjustable. It will be appreciated that this is similar to the manner in which the ends of tension spring 29 are engaged with the desired holes 28 and 30 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Laminated soil member 52 provided in the embodiment of FIG.
also includes an upper portion 32, in which the linkage 48 forms a parallelogram with the upper arm 43 and the lower arm 19 extending substantially horizontally parallel to direction A, as shown in FIG. When a linkage device is used, it is arranged substantially vertically. However, in this case, the accumulated soil member 52 includes a lower portion 53 that extends diagonally backward and downward with respect to the direction A from the joint with the lower edge of the upper portion 32;
Bend upward and backward into a cylindrical shape at an angle of nearly 180 degrees so that the end is horizontal on the ground. substantially triangular plates 54 are fastened to opposite ends of the earth pile member 52, each plate 54 being in parallel relationship with the plate 54 at the opposite end of the member 52, and also in parallel relationship with direction A; arranged substantially vertically. Direction A of each triangular plate 54
the leading edge of the leading edge slopes downwardly and forwardly with respect to the direction A, while the trailing edge slopes downwardly and rearwardly with respect to the direction A at an angle of approximately, but not strictly, 45 degrees;
This angle is less than the slope of the leading edge of the plate 54 with respect to the horizontal. The lower edge of each plate 54 lies horizontally or substantially horizontally. At least two lower corners of each triangular plate 54 are not sharp and have a rounded shape.

When using the embodiment of FIG.
rotates the rotating member 3 in substantially the same manner as previously described.
It catches the soil that flows backwards from between the gaps, temporarily accumulates, and transfers the coarser soil.
The heavy, hard component is given a great deal of kinetic energy and moves backwards more forcefully than the thinner, lighter, softer component, so that most of the front element hits the upper part 32 of the soil pile member 52, and the member 52 These elements fall down to become finer, lighter,
It can be further fractured before merging with soft earth elements. The rearwardly bent lower edge area of the lower portion 53 of the accumulated soil member 52 has a relatively large surface that comes into contact with the soil that deviates rearward from the lower side when the tilling equipment is operated, and therefore the working width of the equipment is limited. A soil layer of uniform thickness can be formed throughout, reducing the density of the formed soil layer which is immediately engaged by grounding rollers 10, not shown in FIG. When handling an exceptionally large amount of soil, the plates 54 at both ends of the accumulated soil member 52
To prevent the soil from deviating from these ends, the formation of mounds or other undulations in the nursery to be created is avoided. When the embodiment of FIG. 3 is used, if the pressure in the soil accumulation member 52 exceeds a predetermined value, when the rod 44 of each upper arm 43 is retracted into the corresponding cylinder 45 against the spring, each link The configuration of the device 48 changes by shortening the length of each upper arm 43 so that the link device 48
The upward deflection of the member 52 occurs more rapidly than in the case of a rectangular shape. The deeper the rod 44 is drawn into the cylinder 45, the greater the speed of deflection of the soil pile member 52. When a particularly high rate of deflection of the member 52 is required, the upper pivot pin 20 can move the arm portion 21 using a pair of holes 35 that are closer to the base of the bracket 46 than the pair of holes employed in FIG. bracket 4
Can be connected to 6. Under these circumstances, each linkage 48 becomes a polygonal linkage rather than a parallelogram linkage before retraction of the rod 44 into the cylinder 45 occurs.
The assembly or pneumatic spring 50 constitutes a very effective weight reduction device for the soil pile member 52 and requires little maintenance.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment similar in many respects to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, but in the embodiment of FIG. , during operation of the tillage implement, the corresponding pivot pin 1
7 so that it is substantially always tilted downwardly toward the rear with respect to the direction A. Because of this arrangement, deflection of the earth pile member 55 occurs more rapidly than when the linkage 24 is in a parallelogram configuration but in a rectangular arrangement in which the upper arm 18 and the lower arm 19 are substantially horizontal. Again, both the additional holes 34 in the arm part 21 and the additional holes 35 in the upper arm 18
It is provided to enable the link device 24 to be arranged as a polygonal link device instead of a parallelogram from the beginning if necessary. In this embodiment, the accumulated soil member 55 has 12
It includes a tubular carrier 56 which extends substantially horizontally, parallel to the plane containing the axis of rotation a of each tillage member 3, and which is perpendicular to direction A. Several support plates 57 with three edges provide a downwardly and rearwardly inclined upper plate 58 to the carrier 56, with the upper edge of the plate 58 substantially in front of the carrier 56 relative to the direction A. Tighten the support plate 57 in a certain arrangement.
A welded connection is preferably used to provide a strong connection.
At the lower rear edge of the upper plate 58, a plurality of small bolts fasten the upper edge area of a flexible flap 59, preferably formed of an elastomeric material, such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or synthetic plastic material. The flap 59 extends rearwardly and downwardly to provide an effective extension of the upper plate 58, and its lowermost end, which normally contacts the ground, has the shape of a thickened bead, as seen in FIG. It has been found that the soil component 55 is particularly suitable for use on cultivated land where there are a large number of stones or hard objects on the surface. The lower, rearwardly inclined arrangement of the upper plate 58 and the installation of the flexible flap 59 prevent the soil pile member 55 from being damaged by stones or the like, and likewise prevent damage occurring to the rototill member 3. Helpful. When using the accumulated soil member 55,
The tendency of the tillage element 3 to collect large piles of crushed soil is reduced for the element 55.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the substantially trapezoidal plate 16 is replaced by a substantially trapezoidal plate 60 with a significantly reduced vertical area. Substantially horizontal pivot pins 61 rotatably connect the leading pins of pairs of arms 62 located immediately on either side of each plate 60 to these plates 60 .
occupies substantially the same position with respect to the plane containing the rotational axis a of the twelve cultivating soil members 3, as described for the central movable pin 17 of the previous embodiment.

A pair of arms 62 extend generally rearwardly along either side of each plate 60 and project rearwardly of the frame portion 1 to the same extent as the arms 18, 19, 43 previously described, the arms 62 extending around the corresponding pin 61. can be freely pivoted upward and downward. 2 of each pair
The rearmost pin of the book arm 62 is the arm part 21
The upper ends are clamped, rather than pivoted, between the arms 62, and each pair of arms 62 is provided with a weight reduction device for the accumulated soil member 63, which weight reduction device is connected to the previously described sections 27 and 29 and the helical tensioning device. It includes a row of holes 28 and 30 that can change the effect of the spring 29. The maximum amount of downward rotation of each pair of arms 62 about the axis defined by the corresponding pin 61 is again determined by the stop pin 2 inserted into the desired hole in the corresponding plate 60.
5. The accumulated soil member 63 in this embodiment is similar to the accumulated soil member 23 in the first embodiment, except that the leading surface in the direction A of the lower portion 33 that slopes downward and backward is made of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or elastomer. The strip 64 made of synthetic plastic or the like can be removed or replaced with a new one.
Fix it so that it is located under the lower edge of the. The strip of elastomeric material 64 greatly reduces, if not completely, damage to the member 63 caused by stones or other hard objects and, moreover, protects the lower portion 33 of the member 63 for extended periods of time. Prevents mud and other soft soil from sticking.

FIG. 6 shows a soil pile member 65 comprising a tubular carrier 66 clamped to the lowermost end of part 31 of arm 22 so as to extend substantially horizontally and at right angles to direction A, in a second parallel relationship. The carrier 66 is a pair of chains 6
7 displaceably connected to the upper carrier 66 , one chain of each pair is fastened to the upper carrier 66 and the other chain of the same pair to the lower carrier 66 . Furthermore,
A chain of pairs 67 connects a beam 68 of right-angled cross-section to the lower carrier 66, one chain of each pair 67 is tightened to the lower carrier 66, and the other chains of the pair are perpendicular to each other and of the same length. At the node of the limb of beam 6
8 (see cross-sectional view in Figure 6). The assembly of parts 66, 67 and 68 making up the soil accumulation member 65 is structurally advantageously flexible so that under a variety of working conditions, the tillage member 3 is capable of handling the treated soil in a particularly functional manner and furthermore. It is possible to crush and disperse uniformly. When using the member 65, the soil conveyed from the rotary tillage member 3 to the compacting soil member 65 passes primarily over the top of the beam 68 rather than under the beam 68 before meeting the grounding roller 10.

FIG. 7 shows an earth pile member 69 which can support any of the structures described with reference to FIGS. 1-5. The member 69 includes a tubular carrier 70 which is welded or clamped to the lowermost end of the carrier arm 22 so as to extend horizontally and at right angles to the direction A. The carrier 70 is provided with downwardly protruding tines 71 at regular intervals along its length, and each tine 71 in the figure is solidly constructed and robustly supported, but flexible tines may be substituted. Alternatively, it is possible to support rigid tines in a flexible manner. In this embodiment, the carrier 70
The alternating tines along the length of are displaceable upwardly and downwardly in position with respect to the carrier, each such tine being attached to the carrier 70 by a corresponding tightening bolt 71A and axially Displaceable, the bolts 71A can be adapted to tighten the tines in a maximum downwardly extending position corresponding to alternating positions of the fixed tines 71, the positions being substantially fully upwardly pulled, or Any desired position of the downward protrusion between these two poles. The temporary accumulation effect of the member 69 and the manner in which the member 69 further breaks up and uniformly releases the soil for treatment by the subsequent grounding roller 10 will naturally depend on the nature of the soil to be handled, its conditions, and after cultivation. A great deal depends on the settings chosen for the alternating displaceable tines 71 in relation to the special purpose for which tillage is required.

8 and 9 show another modified soil pile member 72 including a tubular carrier 73, which also extends horizontally at right angles to direction A at the lowest end of the carrier arm 22. Tightened. However, this structure includes a second similar tubular carrier 74 located at some distance behind carrier 73 in direction A and in the same horizontal position as carrier 73 . Each of the two carriers 73 and 74 is provided with solidly constructed tines 75 projecting downwardly at regular intervals over its entire length. As before, tines 75 can be modified to be flexible bending tines, or rigid tines can be supported in a flexible manner. Viewed in direction A, the tines 75 of carrier 74 are shown in FIG. axially displaceable relative to the carrier 73 by placing pairs of upper and lower strips 76 in positions close to It has a leading end rotatably connected to carrier 73 and a rearward end similarly pivotally connected to carrier 74 . Bracket 79A
protrudes rearwardly from the leading carrier 73 directly below each upper strip 76 and includes a plurality of holes 78A, for example three holes.
A vertical locking pin 77 inserted through a hole in the upper strip 76 corresponding to one of the holes is inserted between these strips and the leading carrier 73.
maintains the two pairs of strips 76 in corresponding angular settings. The selected angular position of the strip 76 determines the axial position of the rear carrier 74 relative to the axial position of the leading carrier 73 and thus in the direction A.
It will be understood that the position of the trailing tine 75 with respect to the leading tine 75 is determined in view of the above. Such an arrangement naturally changes the temporary accumulation and crushing effects of the accumulated soil member 72.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate a soil pile member 78 which has the same purpose as the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9, but in a different manner and whose utility is varied. In this embodiment, the upper tubular carrier 79 and the lower carrier 80 are positioned substantially vertically, the former above the latter, and only the lower carrier 80 is clamped to the lower end of the carrier arm 22 .
The lower carrier 80 is clamped at regular intervals along its length and provided with tines 75 of the aforementioned rigid or other type projecting substantially vertically downwardly therefrom; a similar tine 75, axially longer, tightened in a position such that the body 80 is intermediate to the tine directly supported;
The tines 75 of the upper carrier 79 are connected to the lower carrier 80
Insert downward into the engagement holes at the top and bottom of the.

The lower carrier 80 has corresponding upright plates 83 fastened to project upwardly at each end thereof, each plate 83 having a corresponding slot 8 extending substantially vertically.
2 is formed. Both ends of the upper carrier 79 are provided with threaded stub shafts 81 projecting in the axial direction, each slab shaft 81 having a slot 82 in the corresponding plate 83.
inserted into. When the handle nut 84 is attached to the stub shaft 81 and the nut 84 is loosened, the upper support body 7
9 and its tines 75 can be moved upwardly or downwardly along the aperture 82 until a new required position is obtained;
This new position can be maintained as long as necessary by simply retightening nut 84. FIG. 10 shows the upper carrier 7 in a position where the stub shaft 81 has been moved upward as far as possible along the pore 82 as indicated by the dotted line.
9, whereas the position shown in solid lines in FIGS. 10 and 11 shows the upper carrier 79 immediately above the lower carrier 80, in the latter position the tine 75 being at its lowermost end. Tine 7 of the lower carrier 80
Hold it in the same horizontal position as 5. The temporary soil accumulation effect and crushing effect are caused by the lower carrier 80 and its tines 75.
It is self-evident that this can be varied by moving the upper carrier 79 and its tines 75 upwards or downwards, and a substantially uniform discharge of the tilled soil to the trailing rollers 10 can be achieved by such an adjustment. to be influenced.
Again, it is possible to replace the tines 75 with flexible bending tines or to support the tines 75 in a flexible manner. It is not necessary that the tines in the embodiment of FIGS. 8-11 extend substantially vertically downward, and if desired, the tines 75 may extend in the direction as in the compact earth members of many previous embodiments. It is possible to tilt downward and backward to some extent with respect to A.

In the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the leading lower pivot pin 17 can be placed in a slot formed in the plate 16, and the tension spring is carried in the lower position of the lower arm 19. It can be strung between the arm 22 and a pivotable support or carrier (not shown in detail) of the leading shield 13. The effectiveness of the soil accumulation member 23 or 55 is further enhanced by this construction, which extends the lower arm 19 rearwardly to conveniently provide a handle to facilitate manual adjustment of the polygonal linkage.

The various features of the various embodiments of the soil-cultivating implement described in the preamble with reference to the accompanying drawings are set forth in the claims as features of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to only the above-mentioned features. It is emphasized that the invention includes all features of each embodiment described or shown in the figures individually or in various combinations.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a plan view of a tillage implement connected to the rear of a tractor configured and arranged mainly for seedbed preparation according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. 1; 3 substantially corresponds to FIG. 2, but shows a second embodiment; FIG. 4 substantially corresponds to FIGS. 2 and 3, but shows a third embodiment; FIG. 5 substantially corresponds to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, but shows a fourth embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of an elongated soil pile member according to the present invention. The side view, FIG.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal partial front view of the seventh embodiment of the elongated accumulated soil member according to the present invention; FIG. 9 is a longitudinal partial front view taken along the - line in FIG. 8; A sectional view, FIG. 10 is a partial plan view in the longitudinal direction of an eighth embodiment of an elongated soil pile member according to the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a side view seen in the direction indicated by arrow X in FIG. 10. 1... Frame part, 2... Shaft, 3... Cultivated soil member, 4, 56, 66, 70, 73, 74, 79,
80...Support, 5, 71, 75...Tine, 6
...Side plate, 7...Bolt, 8, 14, 18, 1
9, 22, 43, 62... Arm, 9, 16, 4
2, 54, 57, 58, 60, 83...Plate, 10...Grounding roller, 11...Tubular member, 1
2... Spindle, 13... Shield, 15... Protective plate, 20, 61... Pivoting pin, 23, 52, 5
5, 63, 65, 69, 72, 78... Accumulated soil member, 24, 48... Polygonal link device (parallelogram link device), 25... Stop pin, 26, 28,
30, 34, 35, 78A... hole, 27, 79A
... Bracket, 29 ... Spring, 36 ... Spur gear, 37 ... Gear box, 38 ... Speed change gear, 39 ...
... Input shaft, 40 ... Transmission shaft, 41 ... Frame, 45
...Cylinder, 46,47...Hawk, 49,5
0...lug, 50...gas spring, 59...flap, 64, 76...strip, 67...chain, 68...
...beam, 77...locking pin, 81...stub shaft, 82...pore, 84...handle nut.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A frame part rotatable on the ground, and a row supported by the frame part and extending substantially horizontally at right angles or at least transversely to a predetermined working direction of movement of the equipment or machine. a plurality of tillage members each having a member that is driven and rotated about an axis extending substantially vertically or at least upwardly; a mounting roller positioned such that its overall position relative to the frame portion and the soil member can be adjusted, both upward and downward; and adjacent to the rotational trajectory of the soil member during use of the implement or machine, and with respect to the member and the ground roller; A soil plowing tool of the type comprising a soil plowing member located between the two and extending over a substantial working width of the machine at or in close proximity to the plowed field, the plowing soil member having an elongated shape; A tillage tool capable of pivoting upward and downward about at least one axis located in front of a plane including the rotation axis of a row of tillage members with respect to a predetermined work progress direction. 2. A tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one weight reduction member is connected to the elongated soil pile member. 3. Each of the weight reduction members has a carrying arm of the soil accumulation member and a portion fixed to the frame portion,
A tillage implement according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes interconnecting springs. 4. An elongate soil pile member is connected to the frame portion at two relatively spaced locations by corresponding pivotable polygonal linkages, the pivot axes of which are substantially horizontal. 4. The tillage implement according to claim 1, wherein the implement extends perpendicularly or at least laterally to a predetermined working direction of the implement. 5. An elongated earth aggregate member is pivotally connected to the frame portion by two relatively spaced arms extending beyond the longitudinal width of the frame portion. A tillage implement according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 6 characterized by the provision of means such that at least one pivot pin or similar pin physically providing one of the pivot axes of each polygonal linkage can be displaced from one position to another; Claim No. 4
Tillage equipment described in Section. 7 each polygonal linkage includes four pivot axes;
A tillage implement according to claim 6, characterized in that said means for changing the position of at least one of these axes is installed for at least one of the upper axes of each linkage. . 8. Each pivot polygonal linkage includes two vertically spaced arms extending generally in a predetermined working direction of the tillage implement, with leading ends of the arms pivotally connected to the frame portion. , the rear end of which is pivotally connected to the carrier arm of the soil pile member or a corresponding carrier arm, and means are provided which allow the effective length of the upper arm of each linkage to be varied. Tillage implements according to scope 6 or 7. 9. The pivot connection position between each upper arm and the arm portion and/or between each upper arm and the carrier arm or corresponding support arm is displaceable in the length direction of the upper arm. The tillage tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: 10. A tillage implement according to claim 9, characterized in that the effective length of the upper arm of each linkage is variable with respect to a flexible counterpart. 11 A pivot pin or similar pin providing a pivot connection between each polygonal linkage and the or corresponding carrier arm engages selectable holes spaced along the length of the upper arm. Claims 8 to 10 are characterized in that the upper arm is displaceable in the length direction by being fitted together.
Tillage equipment described in any of the paragraphs. 12 Each pivoting polygonal linkage is such that, at least during normal operation of the implement, its upper and lower arms are located downwardly and outwardly from its pivot point with the frame portion with respect to the predetermined working direction of the implement. The tillage implement according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that it is arranged so as to be inclined rearward. 13. At least one stopping means is installed to limit a possible downward displacement of the earth pile member;
Claims 4 or 4, characterized in that the position of each stop means is variable in order to adjust the possible range of downward displacement of the member. The tillage implement according to any of Item 12. 14. A patent claim characterized in that the elongated accumulated soil member is in the form of a plate and includes a vertical or substantially vertical upper portion and a lower portion inclined downward and rearward with respect to a predetermined work progress direction of the equipment. The tillage implement according to any one of Items 1 to 13. 15. A tillage implement according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper part and the lower part are interconnected or at least adjacent to each other substantially in the middle of the member when considered vertically. 16. A tillage implement according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the elongated soil pile member is at least partially of a flexible structure. 17. Tillage implement according to claim 16, characterized in that the flexible part of the member is arranged in its lower area. 18. A tillage implement according to claim 17, characterized in that the flexible portion is formed of an elastomeric material. 19. Cultivated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the elongated soil aggregate member comprises a number of flexibly interconnected carriers arranged one above the other. Equipment. 20. The tillage implement according to claim 19, characterized in that the flexible connection between the carriers is made by a chain. 21. A tillage implement according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that means for changing the effectiveness of the elongated soil pile member are installed. 22. An elongate compacted earth member having at least one member supporting a row of tines in such a manner that some of the tines along the row of tines are adjustable between a fully active position and a substantially inactive position. The tillage tool according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it includes a carrier. 23. An elongated earth compact member includes a pair of adjacent carriers each supporting a row of tines, the two rows of tines being located midway between each other when the equipment is viewed in its predetermined working direction. 14. A tillage implement according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: 24. The tillage tool according to claim 23, wherein one of the carriers is arranged so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction with respect to the other. 25. The tillage implement according to claim 23, wherein one of the carriers is disposed such that it can be displaced upwardly and downwardly with respect to the other. 26. The tillage tool according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the tines have a flexibly bendable structure.