JPH0455128A - Power train structure of vehicle and assembling method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To ensure compact structure of vehicle components by arranging a transmission gear parallel to a horizontal engine, and also arranging differential gear and a drive shaft coaxially with the speed change shaft of the transmission gear. CONSTITUTION:An engine 2 is arranged horizontally in a vehicle, and a transmission gear 10 comprising a mechanism for changing the speed of revolutions transmitted from the engine 2 is arranged in parallel to the engine 2. Furthermore, a lateral differential gear 15 for differentiating left and right wheels 17 and a drive shaft 16 connected to the lateral differential gear 15 are arranged coaxially with a speed change shaft provided on the transmission gear 10. On the other hand, a power distributing means 22 which distributes power to front and rear wheels 17 is provided on a separate shaft.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a power train structure for a vehicle in which an engine and a transmission are arranged horizontally, and a method for assembling the power train structure.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a structure has been known in which an engine and a transmission are mounted horizontally in an engine room at the front of the vehicle in a front-wheel drive vehicle or a four-wheel drive vehicle.

In this type of structure, the transmission is usually placed in series with the engine, that is, on an extension of the engine output shaft, and the engine and transmission are placed forward of the front drive shaft. In order to reduce the weight bias toward the front wheels and improve steering stability, braking performance, etc., for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-23219, the engine is mounted on a front drive shirt.
It is also known that it is placed further back.

In addition, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-31824, the engine was placed behind the front drive shaft, and the transmission was placed in parallel with the engine, above the front differential and the front drive shaft in front of the engine. Structures are also known. In the structure shown in this publication, the transmission has a structure in which a transmission gear train is arranged on an input shaft and an output shaft that are arranged parallel to each other, and a front differential and a front drive are arranged below the transmission. The shirts 1 to 1 are located, and a power take-off shaft extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is also arranged, so that power is transmitted from the output shaft of the transmission to the front differential and the power take-off shaft via gears and the like.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, in this type of conventional structure, the speed change shafts such as the input shaft and output shaft on which the speed change mechanism of the transmission is disposed, the front differential and the front drive shaft are mutually connected to each other. Because they were disposed offset in the longitudinal direction or the vertical direction of the vehicle, their compactness could not be sufficiently achieved.

Additionally, a two-wheel drive powertrain generally includes an engine, a transmission, a front differential, and the like. On the other hand, the four-wheel drive powertrain uses the above engine,
In addition to the transmission, front differential, etc., there is provided a power distribution means in the longitudinal direction consisting of a center differential, a transfer, etc. Normally, the above power distribution means is integrated between the transmission and the 70-point differential, and the design is significantly different when assembling a 4-wheel drive power train and when assembling a 2-wheel drive power train. Change was needed.

In view of these circumstances, the present invention allows the engine, transmission, differential, etc. to be arranged compactly, and also incorporates a power distribution means to form a power train for four-wheel drive. It is an object of the present invention to provide a structure that allows the main body part except for the parts to be used in common with a two-wheel drive power train, and to provide an assembly method that achieves this common use.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above objects, the vehicle powertrain structure of the present invention is such that an engine is placed horizontally with respect to the vehicle, and a transmission consisting of a mechanism for changing the speed of the rotation transmitted from the engine is connected to the engine. A left-right differential for differentially driving the left and right wheels and a drive shaft connected to the left-right differential are arranged in parallel with each other, and coaxially with the gear shifting shaft provided in the transmission. On the other hand, a power distribution means for distributing power to the front and rear wheels is provided on a separate shaft.

In this configuration, the power distribution means preferably includes a center differential and a transfer.

Further, in the assembly method of the present invention, an engine is placed horizontally with respect to a vehicle, a transmission comprising a mechanism for changing the speed of rotation transmitted from the engine is placed parallel to the engine, and the transmission is connected to the engine. A power train body is formed with a structure in which a left and right differential and a drive shaft for differentially driving left and right wheels are disposed coaxially with the provided gearshift shaft, and this A power distribution means for distributing power to the front and rear wheels is provided on a separate shaft from the 64-wheel drive unit, and a connection section for connecting the transmission output section of the power train main body and the left and right differential. The configuration is such that one unit is selected and connected to the two-wheel drive unit.

[Effect]

According to the above powertrain structure, since the engine and transmission are arranged in parallel, the dimensions in the vehicle width direction are smaller than when they are connected in series.
By locating the transmission gear shift shaft, left-right differential, and drive shaft on the same axis, they can be arranged compactly in the longitudinal and vertical directions of the vehicle. On the other hand, by placing power distribution means consisting of a center differential, transfer, etc. on a separate shaft,
The part that includes the power distribution means for wheel drive is integrated into a unit, and only this part can be easily changed.

Further, in particular, according to the above assembly method, a four-wheel drive unit or a two-wheel drive unit is selectively connected to the power train main body, so that a common power 1 to rain main body is used, A four-wheel drive powertrain or a two-wheel drive powertrain will be selectively assembled.

(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 schematically show an embodiment of the power train structure of the present invention. In addition, in Figure 1, the left side,
In Figure 2, the lower side is the front side of the vehicle.

In these figures, an engine 2 is disposed horizontally in an engine room 1 at the front of the vehicle at a position near the rear of the engine room 1, and a mechanism for changing the speed of the rotation transmitted from the engine 2 is placed in front of the engine room 1. Transmission 1
0 is placed horizontally in parallel with the engine 2.

The power transmission system from the engine 2 to the transmission 10 includes a clutch 4 connected to one end side of an engine output shaft 3 extending in the vehicle width direction, and a clutch pulley 5 provided on the output side of the clutch 4 to the transmission 10. Power is transmitted to an input pulley 6 provided on the input side of the motor via a belt 7 (or chain).

The transmission 10 includes an input shaft 11 equipped with the manual pulley 6, and an output shaft 12 arranged parallel to the input shaft 11.
A transmission gear train 13, which will be described later, is disposed on these transmission shafts 11 and 12. These axes 11.12
extend in the vehicle width direction and are vertically offset from each other, and in this embodiment, the input shaft 11 is located above and the output shaft 12 is located below. For this transmission 10, a front differential (left and right differential) is installed coaxially with the output shaft 12, which is one of the shafts for shifting.
15 and a front drive shaft 16 are provided. That is, the front differential 15 is arranged on the extension line of the output shaft 12 in the side part of the transmission 10, and one of the left and right front drive shafts 16 connected to the front differential 15 passes through the output shaft 12. and extends outward. Left and right front wheels 17 are connected to the left and right front drive shafts 16 via joints or the like.

The engine 2, transmission 10, front differential 15, and front drive shaft 16 constitute a power train main body PT. An output gear 18 is provided at the end of the output shaft 12 of the 1-transmission 10 in the power train main body PT, and an input gear 19 is provided at the front differential 15.

A four-wheel drive unit U1 having means for distributing power to front and rear wheels is attached to the power train main body PT,
This four-wheel drive unit U1 is unitized by disposing a power distribution means on a shaft separate from the shafts 11, 12 of the transmission 10, the front differential 15, etc.

That is, a shaft 21 is provided in parallel with the front drive shaft 16 at the rear lower part of the location where the transmission 10, front differential 15, etc. are arranged, and on this shaft 21, a power distribution means having a center differential 22 and a transfer is installed. It is arranged.

The center differential 22 is composed of, for example, a planetary gear mechanism as will be described in detail later, and includes an output section 22a to the front wheel side and an output section 22b to the rear wheel side concentrically. The output shaft 1 of the transmission 10 is located on the outer periphery of the center differential 22.
An outer gear 23 that meshes with the second gear 18 is provided, and a gear 24 that meshes with the gear 19 of the front differential 15 is provided on the output portion 22a to the front wheel side. Also,
A bevel gear 25 is connected to the output portion 22b to the rear wheel side, and a bevel gear 26 that meshes with this bevel gear 25
Power is transmitted to the propeller shaft 27 via. The propeller shaft 27 extends toward the rear of the vehicle, and the propeller shaft 27 extends toward the rear of the vehicle.
The rear wheels are connected to 7 via a rear differential (not shown).

FIG. 3 specifically shows the structure of this embodiment.

In this figure, the input shaft 11 and output shaft 12 of the transmission 10 are respectively connected to the transmission case 10.
A is rotatably supported via a bearing. An input pulley 6 is integrally provided at one end of the input shaft 11, and a belt 7 is wound around this pulley 6 and a clutch pulley 5 provided on the shaft 4a of the clutch 4. Further, a plurality of sets of gear trains 13 for speed change are arranged on the input shaft 11 and the output shaft 12, and in each gear train 13, a gear 13a on the input shaft side and a gear 1 on the output shaft side are provided.
3b are in mesh with each other (in the reverse gear train, these gears and the intermediate gear are in mesh with each other). In addition, for these gear trains 13, shaft 11.12 and gears 13a, 13
A synchronizing device 14 that can selectively couple the shafts 11 and
It is arranged on 12. This synchronizer 14 is operated by a control rod, a shift rod, etc. (not shown) in response to the operation of a change lever. When one gear train 13 is connected to the shaft 11.12 by this synchronizer 14, the rotation input to the input shaft 11 is transmitted to the output shaft 12 at the gear ratio of the gear train 13.
It is intended to be transmitted to The output shaft 12 is a hollow shaft through which the front drive shaft 16 passes, and an output gear 18 is provided at the end of the output shaft 12 on the side closer to the front differential 15. ing.

The front differential 15 includes a pinion gear, side gears, etc. within a differential case 15a, and a gear 19 is provided on the outer periphery of the differential case 15a, and left and right front drive shafts 16 are connected to the side gears on both sides.

On the other hand, the shaft 21 of the four-wheel drive unit U1 is located at the rear lower part of the output shaft 12, and
It is rotatably supported via a bearing by a casing 10b connected to a.

The center differential 22 disposed on the shaft 21 includes a ring gear 22c integrally equipped with an outer gear 23 that meshes with the gear '18 of the output shaft 12 of the transmission 10, and a double pinion gear 2 held on a carrier 22d.
2e and a sun gear 22f, and the power transmitted to the ring gear 22c is distributed between the carrier 22d side and the sun gear 22f side. An output section 22a for outputting to the front wheels is connected to the carrier 22d, and a gear 24 that meshes with the gear 19 of the front differential 15 is provided to the output section 22a, while outputting to the rear wheels to the sun gear 22f. Part 22
b are connected, and a bevel gear 25 is connected to this output portion 22b.

A forward-direction shaft 28 is arranged behind the shaft 21, and a bevel gear 26 that meshes with the bevel gear 25 is provided at the front end of the shaft 28, and a propeller shaft 27 is connected to the rear end of the shaft 28. .

According to the structure of this embodiment as described above, since the transmission 10 is arranged in parallel to the horizontally mounted engine 2, the dimensions in the vehicle width direction are more compact than when these are arranged in series. be done. Furthermore, the engine 2 itself is located behind the 70-ton drive shaft 16 and is midshipped, which improves the distribution of heavy loads.

Further, since the front differential 15 and the front drive shaft 16 are disposed coaxially with the output shaft 12, which is one of the gear shifting axes of the transmission 10, the output shaft 12, the front differential 15, and the front drive shaft 16 are arranged coaxially. Compactly laid out on the same line.

In addition, a power train body PT consisting of the engine 2, transmission 10, front differential 15, etc.
On the other hand, since the center differential 24 and the transfer are arranged on the shaft 21 which is a separate shaft from these, and the four-wheel drive unit U1 is constructed, this unit U
1 to another unit is easily possible.

By changing such units, various power trains can be configured without requiring changes to the power train main body PT.

For example, by incorporating a two-wheel drive unit U2 as shown in FIG. 4 into the power train main body PT instead of the four-wheel drive unit U1, it is possible to change to two-wheel drive. This two-wheel drive unit U2 includes a gear 32 that meshes with the gear 18 of the transmission output shaft 12 on a shaft 31 that is a separate shaft from the power train main body PT.
A gear 33 that meshes with the gear 19 of the front differential 15 is provided, and the gears 32 and 33 are connected to rotate together. When this two-wheel drive unit U2 is assembled to the power train main body PT, the rotation of the output shaft 12 of the transmission 10 is controlled by the gears 18, 32, 33.
19 and is transmitted to the front differential 15.

Therefore, in assembling the power train, first, the power train main body PT is formed, and the four-wheel drive unit U1 or the two-wheel drive unit U2, which is formed separately, is selected for the power train main body PT. A four-wheel drive structure power train and a two-wheel drive structure power train can be easily assembled using a common power train main body PT as long as they are assembled together.

In each of the above embodiments, the engine, transmission, etc. are placed at the front of the vehicle, but the invention can also be applied to a vehicle where the engine and transmission are placed horizontally at the rear of the vehicle. For example, a four-wheel drive unit is constructed by arranging a left-right rear differential and a drive shaft on the same axis as the output shaft of the transmission, and providing means for distributing power to the front and rear wheels on a separate axis. This unit may be changed to a two-wheel drive unit. The specific structures of the transmission, power distribution means, etc. in the four-wheel drive unit are not limited to the above embodiments, and may be modified in design without departing from the gist of the present invention.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the powertrain structure according to claim 1, the transmission is arranged in parallel to the horizontally mounted engine, and the left and right differential and drive are coaxially arranged with the gear shifting shaft of the door transmission. The arrangement of the shaft allows these parts to have a compact structure. Moreover,
The means for distributing power to the front and rear wheels is arranged on a separate shaft from the gear shifting shaft of the transmission and the front differential, etc., and the parts that make up the power transmission means are unitized on a separate shaft from other parts. Because of this structure, it is possible to easily change only the parts constituting this power transmission means, and the versatility and compatibility of other parts can be increased.

When the power distribution means is composed of a center differential and a transfer as described in claim 2, functions such as power distribution in the case of four-wheel drive are well exhibited, and the above effects can be obtained. .

According to the assembly method according to claim 3, the transmission is arranged in parallel with the horizontally mounted engine, and the left and right differential and the drive shaft are arranged coaxially with the transmission shaft. A four-wheel drive unit in which a power distribution means is provided on a shaft separate from the power train main body, and
The system selects and connects one of the two-wheel drive units equipped with a connecting part that connects the transmission output part of the rain main body and the above-mentioned left and right differential, so the four-wheel drive power This makes it easy to selectively assemble the train and two-wheel drive power train. Therefore, when manufacturing four-wheel drive and two-wheel drive power trains, the power train main body can be shared by these power trains, and the manufacturing line can be simplified.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a power train structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a skeleton diagram of the same structure, Fig. 3 is a sectional view specifically showing the same structure, and Fig. 4 is the same structure. FIG. 3 is a skeleton diagram of main parts when a two-wheel drive unit is incorporated in place of the four-wheel drive unit in FIG. PT...Powertrain body, 2...Engine, 1
O...What-Lance transmission, 11...Input shaft, 12
...Output shaft, 15...Front differential (left and right differential)
, 16...Front drive shaft, Ul...4
Wheel drive unit, 21...shaft, 22...
・・Center differential, 25.26・・Bevel gear, U2・
・Two-wheel drive unit. Patent applicant Mazda Co., Ltd. Agent
People Patent Attorney Etsushi Kotani
Patent Attorney Chief 1) Masamukai Patent Attorney
Takao Ito Figure 2 Figure 1 Figure 4

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An engine is disposed horizontally with respect to a vehicle, and a transmission consisting of a mechanism for changing the speed of rotation transmitted from the engine is disposed in parallel with the engine, and is provided in the transmission. A left and right differential for differentially driving the left and right wheels and a drive shaft connected to the left and right differential are disposed coaxially with the gear shifting shaft, while on a separate shaft from these, A vehicle powertrain structure characterized by being provided with a power distribution means for distributing power to front and rear wheels. 2. The vehicle powertrain structure according to claim 1, wherein the power distribution means is comprised of a center differential and a transfer. 3. The engine is placed horizontally with respect to the vehicle, and a transmission consisting of a mechanism for changing the speed of the rotation transmitted from the engine is placed in parallel with the engine, and a speed changing mechanism provided on the transmission A power train main body is formed with a structure in which a left and right differential and a drive shaft are disposed coaxially with the left and right wheels, and a drive shaft is provided on a separate shaft from the power train main body. A four-wheel drive unit provided with a power distribution means for distributing power to front and rear wheels, and a two-wheel drive unit provided with a connecting part connecting a transmission output part of the power train main body and the left and right differential. A method for assembling a vehicle power train structure, the method comprising selecting and connecting one of the units.