JPH04327689A - Excavator for soil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To conduct crushing efficiently even in soil, into which hard soil or stone, gravel, etc., are mixed, and to improve the efficiency of the crushing of soil in an excavator for soil excavating a soil surface by utilizing the negative-pressure suction force of a blower for suction and compressed air from a blase source. CONSTITUTION:An excavating cylinder 40 erected on a soil surface to be excavated and supported in a freely vertically movable manner is installed on a dolly 3, and the front end of a vacuum duct 15 is connected to the upper section of the hollow cylinder 42 of the excavating cylinder and negative-pressure suction force works into the hollow cylinder 42 of the excavating cylinder 40. Blowholes 45 ejecting compressed air toward the soil surface while being communicated with a blast source are formed at an excavating cylinder port 40a at the lower end of the excavating cylinder 40. Crushed soil and sand are sucked up and discharged by negative-pressure suction force working into the hollow cylinder 42 of the excavating cylinder 40 while air- crushing the soil surface by compressed air ejected from the blowholes 45. In an excavator for soil constituted in this manner, a required number of cutting tipes 46 are arrayed in double rows at the position of the outer circumference of the lower-end circumferential section of the excavating cylinder port 40a and a circumference at a position inner than the position, and fixed so as to be downward projected.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a soil excavation device that pneumatically crushes the soil surface using pressurized air and suctions and discharges the crushed soil by sucking up the crushed soil using vacuum suction force. Pressurized air is blown from the mouth of the lower end of the hollow excavation tube that stands upright on the soil surface to crush the soil surface, and a negative pressure suction force is applied inside the hollow excavation tube to remove crushed earth and sand. A soil excavation device configured to perform suction transfer is equipped with a cutting tip that disturbs the soil by rotating the excavation barrel, so that the air crushing action and suction soil removal action can be achieved even in hard soil or soil mixed with stones and gravel. This invention relates to a soil excavation device that can perform operations efficiently.

0002

[Prior Art] When excavating soil under roads, etc.,
Because piping such as gas piping, water piping, or cable passages are buried in the soil, the bucket is moved into the soil using mechanical force like a generally known shovel-type excavator. With excavators of the type that plunge into the soil, problems occur during excavation work, such as the bucket being driven into the soil crushing and damaging buried objects, or digging up and destroying buried objects.

[0003] As an excavator that does not damage or destroy objects buried in the ground, there has been a conventional excavator, for example, disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-22222.
A vacuum excavator shown in the prior art described in Publication No. 8 is known. This vacuum excavator is equipped with an earth and sand suction port at the tip of a vacuum hose connected to a suction blower, and the operator points the earth and sand suction port of the hose to face the soil surface to be excavated. According to this type of vacuum excavator, excavation progresses by sucking up the earth and sand using the suction force from the blower. Problems such as damage or destruction of buried structures will not occur.

0004

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Conventionally known vacuum excavators have only the function of sucking up earth and sand using the vacuum suction force from a blower, but do not have the function of crushing the soil surface to be excavated. Therefore, before excavation work, it is necessary for the worker to break down the soil surface at the excavated location using a separately prepared excavation rod or the like and crush the soil to a state that can be sucked and removed in advance.

[0005] For this reason, excavation work not only requires another worker, but also has the inconvenience of linking the work process of breaking down the soil surface in advance, and the work of breaking down the soil surface must be done manually. Not only does this involve very hard labor, but manual soil breaking work has limited capacity and requires a great deal of time.

In view of these problems, the present invention is based on a vacuum excavation method that does not damage or destroy buried objects.
Not only can the function of breaking down the soil surface and the function of suctioning and removing earth and sand be carried out efficiently at the same time, but also the soil can be easily removed even when the soil surface to be excavated is relatively hard or contains stones and gravel. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling device that can efficiently achieve the following crushing effect.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve this object, an apparatus according to the present invention includes a vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a vacuum pump in the sediment collection chamber. The hollow excavation tube is connected to a hollow excavation tube through a duct, and the hollow axis of the hollow excavation tube is supported vertically on the soil surface by a supporting member so as to be vertically movable. In a soil excavation device configured to blow air to crush the soil surface with air, the crushed soil is sucked into a hollow excavation tube connected to a vacuum duct, and the soil is transferred and discharged. has an excavation tube mouth with a larger diameter at its lower end, and the excavation tube mouth has a blowhole at its lower circumference that communicates with a blowing source and blows pressurized air onto the soil surface, and a lower circumferential edge. a cutting tip that protrudes further downward to disturb the soil surface, and means for rotating the excavation tube mouth in the circumferential direction; It is characterized in that a required number of the rings are arranged in double rows on each circumference of the outer circumferential position and the inner position thereof. Also,
The present invention is characterized in that the double rows of cutting tips provided at the outer peripheral position and the inner position thereof are arranged at positions with different phases and are provided in a staggered manner. Furthermore, the double-row cutting tips provided at the outer circumferential position and the inner position are
It is provided at the lower end circumference of the excavation tube mouth that rotates eccentrically with respect to the hollow cylinder axis of the excavation tube, and the internal opening of the excavation tube mouth is connected to the inside of the hollow cylinder of the excavation tube, and the suction port at the lower end communicates with the inside of the hollow cylinder of the excavation tube. It is characterized in that the opening is offset in the eccentric direction of the cylinder mouth.

[0008]

[Operation] According to the excavation device configured as described above, the circumferential edge of the excavation tube opening formed at the lower end of the excavation tube can be accessed through the hollow excavation tube that stands upright on the soil surface. By blowing pressurized air toward the soil surface of the divided area, the air pressure causes the air to fracture the soil surface. In addition, during this process, a negative pressure suction force is applied to the lower end of the excavation tube mouth through the hollow tube of the excavation tube leading to the vacuum duct, so that the air-crushed earth and sand flows into the hollow tube from the internal opening of the excavation tube mouth. The soil is sucked up and discharged through the vacuum duct into the soil collection chamber from its upper end. As a result, the action of uprooting the soil and the suction action of the crushed earth and sand proceed simultaneously through the excavation tube opening erected on the soil surface, and as this progresses, the excavation tube penetrates deeper into the soil. Soil excavation is carried out to form a hole of the required depth.

During this soil excavation, a cutting tip is provided on the circumference of the lower end of the excavation tube mouth and protrudes downward along with the blowhole, and the excavation tube with the excavation tube mouth formed is circular with the cylinder axis as the axis. Since it rotates in the circumferential direction, the above-mentioned cutting tip rotates while disturbing it so as to dig out stones, etc. that are intervening in the soil, and this disturbance action also works to dig out relatively hard soil or gravel. Even in soil mixed with stones and gravel, the action of breaking down the soil by air pressure can be extremely effectively achieved, and the crushed earth and sand can be broken down into fine particles that can be easily carried by air current. In particular, in this case, the cutting chips are provided in double rows not only on the outer periphery of the lower end circumference of the excavation tube mouth, but also on the inner circumference, so that the earth and sand disturbance effect by the cutting chips is reduced. , the soil is efficiently crushed over the entire area surrounded by the excavation tube mouth. Furthermore,
In cases where double rows of cutting chips are arranged in a staggered manner, the cutting chips are spaced apart from each other, so they do not interfere with each other, and stones and gravel are not caught between the cutting chips. I never get bored. Furthermore, in the case where the opening of the excavation tube in which double rows of cutting tips are provided and the suction port at its lower end rotate eccentrically with respect to the axis of the hollow cylinder of the excavation tube, the excavation area is expanded according to the amount of eccentricity. Moreover, since the suction port and the cutting tip revolve around the rotation center, the suction area and disturbance area are widened, and the soil crushing efficiency is further improved.

0010

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, 1 is a low-floor truck that serves as the main body of the vacuum excavator, and is equipped with a driver's seat 2 at the front. It is equipped with a vacuum suction blower 5, a box-shaped filter chamber 6 installed on the suction path of the blower 5, and a sediment collection chamber 7 communicated with this. It is something.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is communicated with the filter chamber 6 via a communication pipe 8 connected to its suction path. The filter chamber 6 is vertically partitioned by a partition plate 6c into an exhaust chamber 6a at the upper part and a suction chamber 6b at the lower part, and the communication pipe 8 is communicated with the exhaust chamber 6a divided at the upper part. A plurality of bellows-shaped filter bags 9 are suspended from the partition plate 6c and are suspended in the lower suction chamber 6b. The support plate 10 is connected and fixed, and the support plate 10 is elastically supported on the bottom wall surface of the filter chamber 6 via a tension coil spring 11. The suction airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the filter bag 9 through the opening provided in the support plate 10 as shown by the arrow, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and passes through the outlet opening provided in the upper partition plate 6c. The structure is such that fine dirt particles mixed into the airflow in the process of flowing into the upper exhaust chamber 6a are removed by a filtering action, and the bottom of the filter chamber 6 is connected to the dirt collection chamber 7 through a communication path 12. It is connected to the top of the.

The earth and sand collection chamber 7 has an earth and sand inlet 7a opened at a high position on the rear wall, and a flexible vacuum duct 15 is connected to this inlet 7a. Above earth and sand inlet 7
Collision plate 1 disposed obliquely in collection chamber 7 opposite to a
3 is elastically supported to be movable up and down using one end as a fulcrum, and when the earth and sand that is suctioned and injected from the earth and sand inlet 7a through the vacuum duct 15 collides with this collision plate 13, the earth and sand with high specific gravity collide. The dirt falls downward and accumulates at the bottom of the collection chamber 7, and a light air flow bypasses the upper part of the collection chamber 7 and flows from the communication passage 12 to the bottom of the filter chamber 6. The bottom of the earth and sand collection chamber 7 has a door 14 that can be opened and closed, and by opening this door, the collected earth and sand accumulated at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

In the present invention, a connecting fitting 1 having a U-shaped cross section extending in the left-right direction is provided at the rear of the chassis 3 of the truck 1.
8, and a boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to this connecting fitting 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 has an inner cylinder 2 with respect to an outer cylinder 20a so as to be able to expand and contract.
A mounting plate 21 is fixedly installed at the end of the inner cylinder 20b, and a boot is inserted through the mounting plate 21 into the inner cylinder 20b.
A support pedestal 22 for the excavation device is removably fixed to the end of the ram 20. The support frame 22 is connected to the mounting plate 21.
A vertical frame with a mounting plate 23 bonded and fixed to the
A lifting guide column 27 is installed vertically through support members 25 and 26 attached to the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24, and a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 is connected to the lower part of the vertical frame 24. It has a pair of left and right outriggers 29 that can be extended and retracted up and down, and a moving wheel 30.
By bringing the support frame 22 into contact with the soil surface, the support frame 22 can be grounded and fixed to the soil surface.

The lifting guide column 27 provided in the support frame 22 has a rack 27 on one side of the column made of square pipe material.
A is formed on the guide column 27, and an elevating body 35 that ascends and descends vertically along the guide column 27 has a pinion 32 that engages with the rack 27a and a pair of pinions provided opposite to the pinion 32, as shown in FIG. The pillar 27 is held between rollers 33 and 34 and supported so as to move up and down. A lifting handle 36 is provided at the shaft end of the pinion 32, and by rotating this handle 36, the lifting body 35 can be raised and lowered along the guide column 27. Although not included, the pinion 3 is attached to the elevating body 35.
2 is provided with a locking mechanism to restrict the rotation of the lifting body 35 so that the lifting body 35 can be fixed at a proper position in the raised position. A hollow cylinder 42, which is inserted into an excavation cylinder 40 via a fixture 35a provided therein, is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 so that the axis of the cylinder stands upright on the soil surface. The hollow cylinder 42 has a double wall including an inner wall 42a and an outer wall 42b, and an annular air passage 43 is formed between the walls 42a and 42b. The tip of the vacuum duct 15 is connected to the upper end of the suction passage 42c.

An excavation cylinder 40 is rotatably fitted on the outside of the hollow cylinder 42, and the excavation cylinder 40 is prevented from coming off in the axial direction of the hollow cylinder 42, and a cylinder is attached to the lower end of the excavation cylinder 40. A large-diameter excavation tube mouth 40a is formed. As shown in FIG. 3, which is a view taken along the line A-A in FIG. It is opened downward at certain points. Also, the excavation tube mouth 40a
A cutting tip 46 having a required width is located on a concentric circle between the outer circumferential position and an inner position of the lower end circumferential part of the
However, a total of eight of them are fixed in a so-called staggered manner, with their phases shifted from each other, and protrude downward.

Further, in this embodiment, the elevating body 35 includes:
It includes a hydraulic motor 48 fixed via a support fitting 47 and a torque limiter 48a. This hydraulic motor 48
is driven by a hydraulic system installed in the truck 1, and moves the excavation tube 40 in one direction in the circumferential direction via a pinion gear 49 attached to the drive shaft of a hydraulic motor 48 and a drive gear 50 that meshes with the pinion gear 49. Or it is decelerated and rotated in the reciprocating direction. In addition, the torque limiter 48a idles the rotational driving force when an excessive load is generated on the excavation tube mouth 40a or the cutting tip 46 during excavation to prevent damage to equipment or buried objects such as piping buried underground. It has the function of preventing

Furthermore, the inner wall 42a and the outer wall 4 of the hollow cylinder 42
2b, an air hose 51 is connected to the upper part of the hollow cylinder 42, and in the illustrated embodiment, the tip of the air hose 51 is connected to the chassis 3 of the truck 1.
The blower 5 is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5 mounted on the blower 5, and the exhaust from the blower 5 is guided to the air passage 43 through a hose 51, and the air is blown as pressurized air from the blowhole 45 onto the soil surface. A blowing means is configured.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, which is a view taken along the line B--B in FIG. In this embodiment, the excavation tube mouth 40a is supported eccentrically with respect to the axis of the hollow tube 42, and when the excavation tube 40 rotates around the hollow tube 42 by the drive of the hydraulic motor 48, it becomes integral with the excavation tube 40. The excavation cylinder opening 40a is adapted to rotate eccentrically. As is clear from FIGS. 4 and 5, the eccentric lower end circumferential portion of the excavation tube opening 40a has a cutting tip 46 on a concentric circle between the outer circumference position and the inner position thereof, and the inside of the excavation tube opening 40a. The upper end of the opening 40b communicates with the earth and sand suction passage 42c, and the lower end suction port is opened offset in the eccentric direction of the excavation tube mouth 40a. Therefore, when the excavation tube mouth 40a rotates eccentrically, the cutting tip 4
6. The lower end suction port and the blowhole 45 of the internal opening 40b are as follows:
Both perform orbital motion around the rotation axis C. Therefore, the respective cutting tips 46 and blowholes 45 disturb the soil with different rotation radii, and the suction port opened at the lower end of the internal opening 40b sucks earth and sand from a much wider area than its own opening cross-sectional area. can do.

[0019]

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the excavation device according to the present invention, the function of crushing (breaking down) the soil surface using air pressure and the function of suctioning and discharging crushed earth and sand using vacuum force are as follows.
Since the excavation tube 40 is placed upright on the soil surface, it is simultaneously carried out, so that it does not damage buried objects existing in the soil to be excavated.
Compared to vacuum excavators that have been used in the past as non-destructive excavators, excavation work can be carried out extremely efficiently. In particular, the excavation cylinder 40 is provided with cutting tips 46 arranged in double rows on a concentric circle between the outer circumferential position and the inner position of the lower end circumference of the excavation cylinder mouth 40a and protruding downward in parallel with the blowhole 45. , and an excavation tube 40 having an excavation tube opening 40a formed therein.
Since this rotates in the circumferential direction about the cylindrical shaft, the above-mentioned cutting tip 46 rotates while disturbing the soil so as to dig out stones and gravels, etc., and this disturbing action is also mutually effective. As a result, the above-mentioned action of pushing down the soil by air pressure is achieved extremely effectively, and the disturbance action turns the crushed earth and sand into fine particles that are easily carried by air current, so the suction and removal action of the earth and sand described above also becomes smooth. can be converted into In particular, the above-mentioned cutting tip 46 is
Since they are provided in double rows not only at the outer circumferential position at the lower end circumference of the excavation tube mouth 40a, but also on the inner circumference, the earth and sand disturbance action by the cutting chips 46 is carried out at the lower end of the excavation tube mouth 40a. Covering the entire enclosed area, soil can be crushed efficiently. Furthermore, in the case where the cutting tips 46 in double rows are arranged in a staggered manner, the distance between the cutting tips is spaced apart, so that they do not interfere with each other, and there is no space between the cutting tips 46. In addition, the excavation tube opening 40a and the suction port at the lower end of the excavation tube 40a, where stones and gravel are not caught, are provided with double rows of cutting chips 46.
For those that rotate eccentrically with respect to the axis of the hollow cylinder at The advantage is that the area and disturbed area are widened, and the soil crushing efficiency can be further improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view, partially in section, of an embodiment of a drilling device according to the present invention.

[Figure 2] Side view of an enlarged soil surface excavation device showing a part of it in cross section

[Figure 3] A-A arrow view in Figure 2

FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of the soil excavation device in the second embodiment, showing a part of it in cross section.

[Figure 5] B-B arrow view in Figure 4

[Explanation of symbols]

1 truck 2 driver seat
3 Chassis 4 Engine 5 Blower
6 Filter chamber 6a Upper exhaust chamber 6b Lower suction chamber
6c Partition plate 7 Sediment collection chamber 7a Sediment inlet 8 Communication pipe 9 Filter bag 10 Support plate
11 Tension coil spring 12 Passage 13 Collision plate 14 Door 15 Vacuum duct
18 Connecting fittings 19 Hitch pin 20 Boom
21, 23 Mounting plate 22 Support frame 24 Vertical frame
27 Elevating guide column 27a Rack 28 Hydraulic cylinder mechanism 29 Outrigger 32 Pinion 33, 34 Roller 35 Elevating body 36 Elevating handle 40 Excavation tube 40a Excavation tube mouth 40b Internal opening
42 Hollow cylinder 42c Sediment suction passage 43 Air passage
45 Nozzle port 46 Cutting tip 48 Hydraulic motor
48a Torque limiter

Claims (3)

[Claims] [Claim 1] A vacuum suction blower, a dirt collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a hollow excavation tube communicated with the dirt collection chamber via a vacuum duct. The hollow excavation tube has its hollow axis upright on the soil surface by a supporting member so as to be able to move up and down, and blows pressurized air from the bottom end of the excavation tube to crush the soil surface while vacuuming the crushed earth and sand. In a soil excavation device configured to transfer and discharge soil by suction into a hollow excavation tube that communicates with a duct, the hollow excavation tube has an excavation tube opening with a larger diameter at its lower end; At the mouth of the excavation tube,
The lower end circumferential portion is provided with a blowhole that communicates with a blow source and blows pressurized air onto the soil surface, and a cutting tip that protrudes downward from the lower end circumferential edge to disturb the soil surface, and the excavation tube opening is moved in the circumferential direction. and a means for rotating the cutting tip, and the required number of cutting tips are arranged in double rows on each circumference of the outer circumferential position and the inner position in the radial direction at the lower end circumferential portion of the excavation tube mouth. A soil excavation device characterized by: [Claim 2] The double rows of cutting tips provided at the outer peripheral position and the inner position thereof are arranged at positions with different phases from each other,
2. The soil excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the soil excavation device is provided in a staggered manner. 3. The double-row cutting tips provided at the outer circumferential position and the inner position thereof are provided at the lower end circumference of the excavation cylinder mouth which rotates eccentrically with respect to the hollow cylinder axis of the excavation cylinder, and are arranged at the inner opening of the excavation cylinder mouth. 3. The soil excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upper end thereof communicates with the inside of the hollow cylinder of the excavation cylinder, and the suction port at the lower end is opened and deviated in an eccentric direction of the opening of the excavation cylinder.