JPH0424407A - Incineration of waste refuse and incinerator therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obviate the need of fuel supply except for the time of initial ignition by a method wherein waste refuse to be incinerated, which is in the lower layer and has been dried by combustion heat, is gasified in the presence of primary and secondary air, and this process is continued until combustion proceeds and reaches the lowermost waste refuse layer. CONSTITUTION:The uppermost waste refuse layer is ignited to start combustion. At this time, primary air is controlled and supplied to waste refuse to be incinerated through a primary air inlet 6 provided on a cover 5, and the secondary air through a fan 10, valves 111-113, pipes 91-93, and secondary air inlets 81-83, so that an air convection having a special wave form is generated in a main combustion chamber 1. Thereby, water-gas reaction takes place in the uppermost refuse layer and high temperature combustion follows. As a result, the waste refuse in the uppermost layer is burned completely by the high temperature combustion heat generated by the waste refuse itself without the need of fuel supply. The combustion proceeds from the top layer to the lower layers in turn via gasification and drying processes, and finally the entire waste refuse is completely burned to ash left on a hearth.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an incineration method and an incinerator, and in particular to an incinerator for incinerating industrial waste, which is generally difficult to use as fuel, except for metals.

L Toritsu Ni And conventionally, when treating general industrial waste, a method has often been adopted in which combustible materials, excluding metals, are incinerated in an incinerator. In addition, as an incinerator for this purpose,
- For boat fishing, a furnace equipped with a grate is used to supply fuel, but if the waste contains, for example, plastic, the combustion will start. Because the repairs are carried out at high temperatures, they often cause damage to the grate and furnace walls, and in addition to requiring the incinerator to be shut down for repairs, it also requires significant repair costs and This has the problem of significantly shortening the service life of the furnace. Furthermore, when incinerating plastics, etc., a large amount of harmful gases such as soot, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride are generated, and additional equipment is required to prevent them from scattering. Since this scattering prevention cannot always be carried out to a satisfactory degree, harmful gases such as soot, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride are diffused into the atmosphere from the chimney, causing major pollution. It is the current situation that is causing the problem.

Therefore, the present invention provides a new and improved incineration method and method that can solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional incineration treatment of various types of waste that are generally difficult to burn, excluding metals. The task is to obtain an incinerator.

In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, in the method of the present invention, the waste to be incinerated is charged into the combustion chamber in a layered manner, and the upper surface of the waste to be incinerated is Supplying primary air thereon and at the same time supplying secondary air from within it to combust it, and exhausting the combustion gas generated by this combustion from the chimney through the secondary combustion chamber, and parallel to this Specifically, the high-temperature heat generated as the upper surface of the incinerated waste burns is transferred to the lower layer, gasifying the lower layer of incinerated waste and drying the lower layer of incinerated waste. In addition, this gasified waste to be incinerated is combusted under the supply of primary and secondary air, and the combustion heat is used to ignite the dried incineration waste in the lower layer under the supply of primary and secondary air. This process of gasification and drying is continued until the combustion reaches the bottom layer of the waste to be incinerated, and the ash produced by the combustion is discharged from the combustion chamber. This method is characterized by its incineration method.

In addition, the incinerator according to the present invention has a substantially vertical main combustion chamber with an open upper part, which has an appropriate planar ring and has a certain height, and a closed upper open part. a cover, a substantially horizontal secondary combustion chamber connected to the main combustion chamber at its upper portion, a substantially vertical chimney connected to the secondary combustion chamber, and a substantially vertical chimney vertically spaced horizontally within the main combustion chamber; It consists of several rows of secondary air ports arranged, means for separately supplying air to each row of secondary air ports, and a primary air port formed in the upper part of the main combustion chamber. It features an incinerator.

The incineration method according to the present invention is implemented as described above, and the incinerator according to the present invention is characterized by having the configuration described above, but the present invention has the most significant feature. This is because when incinerating waste, there is no special need to supply fuel except for the first ignition, and the waste itself is heated to a high temperature. The reason is that the combustion is maintained by the generated combustion heat.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings showing embodiments of the furnace.

First, the figure is a schematic diagram showing a longitudinal section of an incinerator 30 according to the present invention. A nearly vertical main combustion chamber 1 having a substantially vertical main combustion chamber 1 and a nearly horizontal secondary combustion chamber 1 having a rectangular cross section and a certain length, connected to the upper part of one side wall section thereof. It mainly consists of a chamber (flue) 2 and a chimney 3 of a certain height connected to the end thereof, and is equipped with a secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 of the main combustion chamber 1. Similar to the main combustion chamber 1, an ash removal bit 4 having a rectangular planar ring and a certain depth is connected to the lower part of the side wall part opposite to the side wall part where the combustion chamber 1 is located.

As a general rule, these main combustion chamber 1, secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2, and ash removal bit 4 are either entirely buried underground, or partially buried. It shall be underground. In addition, the side wall 1° of the main combustion chamber 1, the peripheral wall of the lower part of the chimney 3, and the bottom 3o are made of concrete. ) The surrounding wall of 2 is
The fire-resistant and heat-resistant side walls 11 of the main combustion chamber 1 are made of fire-resistant and heat-resistant materials.
A fireproof and heatproof peripheral wall 2° of the secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 and a fireproof and heatproof peripheral wall 31 of the lower portion of the chimney 3 are formed, respectively. Further, the ash outlet 4 is composed of a 4° concrete peripheral wall. Note that the bottom of the main combustion chamber 1 is not covered with concrete or fire-resistant and heat-resistant materials.
It is an open field with the excavated surface exposed.

In addition, the upper opening of the main combustion chamber 1 has a planar ring and dimensions that cover the entire opening area (a horizontal box-shaped cover 5 is installed so as to be horizontally movable). However, this cover 5 has several primary air ports 6 opened vertically through it. A water-cooled wall 7 having a rectangular cross section is installed to surround the water-cooled wall, and the cover 5 is placed on the upper surface of this water-cooled wall so as to be horizontally movable.

Furthermore, the fireproof and heat-resistant side walls 1 of the main combustion chamber 1. is provided with several rows of vertically spaced horizontal secondary air ports 81-8, these secondary air ports 8. ~8. are connected to conduits 91 to 9, respectively. Forced ventilation is performed from an air blower l1110 installed on the ground through each pipe line 91-9. have valves 111 to 1, respectively.
One pipe is installed, and each pipe line 91-9. The amount of air supplied to each can be controlled separately.

In addition, the fireproof and heat-resistant side wall 21 of the secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 includes:
At least one preliminary burner 12 opening into the secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 is installed approximately in the middle of its length, and above it, the secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 is installed. A secondary air supply port 13 is opened in 2.

The incinerator 30 according to the present invention has such a configuration. Next, a method of operating the incinerator 30 will be described.

First, the cover 5 that closes the upper opening of the main combustion chamber 1 of the furnace 30, which is in the state shown in the figure, is opened by moving horizontally, and the members are incinerated through this opening. The combustible waste to be burned is introduced into the main combustion chamber 1 until it reaches the level of the bottom of the opening of the flue 2.

In this state, the upper opening of the main combustion chamber 1 is closed to the state shown in the figure by returning the cover 5 to its original position.

Next, a suitable combustible substance is burned on the upper surface of the incinerated waste layer placed in the main combustion chamber 1 by an appropriate means (for example, by placing a piece of cloth soaked in oil, ignition and combustion) to ignite the top layer of incinerated waste and start its combustion. At this time, the waste to be incinerated is supplied with primary air that enters from the primary air port 6 made in the cover 5 and from the blower]0 to the valves 111 to 11. and conduits 91-9. via secondary air ports 81-8. By controlling and supplying secondary air from the main combustion chamber, a special wavy air convection is created in the main combustion chamber, which causes a water gasification reaction in the waste to be incinerated in the top layer, resulting in a high temperature Combustion is caused, and the waste to be incinerated in this layer is completely combusted by the high-pitched combustion heat generated by the waste to be incinerated itself, without the need for a special supply of fuel. Further, the combustion gas generated at this time containing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, etc. is discharged into the atmosphere through the secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 and the chimney 3. Additionally, since this combustion takes place at high temperatures, the generation of smoke, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, etc. during the combustion period is kept to a minimum, except during the initial ignition. At the same time, the generation of foul-smelling and harmful gases is also suppressed to a low value of, for example, 1710 or less, which is the emission standard prescribed by each public institution.

At the same time, the high heat generated during this combustion is transmitted from the top layer of incinerated waste to the lower layer of incinerated waste directly below it, bringing this incinerated waste to a high temperature state and converting it into gas. At the same time, heat is transferred to the incinerated waste layer below, drying it. In this way,
The gasified incinerated waste layer below the top layer of incinerated waste is completely heated under high temperature under the supply of primary and secondary air, as in the case of the top layer of incinerated waste. The generated exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a secondary combustion chamber (flue) 2 and a chimney 3 as smokeless and odorless exhaust gas.

Thermal theory, in this case, each row of secondary air ports 81-7. The amount of secondary air supplied from valve 11. ~11. Optimized through control! 1.

In this way, in the main combustion chamber 1, the gasified incineration waste layer is completely combusted as the uppermost incineration waste layer, while the lower layer below it is completely combusted. The dried incinerated waste layer is gasified under the supply of primary and secondary air, and the incinerated waste layer below it is similarly dried under the supply of primary and secondary air. become

Such a thermal effect is carried out successively from the upper incinerated waste layer to the lower incinerated waste layer,
Eventually, the bottom layer of incinerated waste will be completely burned.

In this way, combustion progresses sequentially from the upper layer to the lower layer through the gasification and drying processes, and finally, the entire amount of waste to be incinerated is completely burned, and there is nothing above the bottom of the furnace. , the powdered ash is the residue of combustion. It will remain. In this case, since the hearth of the main combustion chamber 1 is not covered with concrete and is a natural open ground, the moisture generated from this will cause the temperature of the waste to be incinerated in the main combustion chamber 1 to rise unreasonably. This prevents the temperature from becoming high, maintains the temperature inside the main combustion chamber 1 at an optimum temperature, for example, 1,200° C., and is useful for complete combustion.

In this case, if necessary, the secondary combustion chamber (flue)
A preliminary burner 12 installed in 2 discharges unburned gas.
It is possible to mix this with fresh secondary air that is simultaneously sent through the air supply port J3, and to achieve complete combustion.

In this way, when the entire amount of waste to be incinerated put into the main combustion chamber l has been incinerated, the combustion residue is removed from the ash removal bit 4.
Take it out to the ground.

This completes one cycle of incineration of waste to be incinerated, so by repeating the above process for new waste to be incinerated, new incineration of waste to be incinerated can be performed. It happens.

In this incineration process, if necessary, for example, a cyclone dust collector can be installed at the bottom of the chimney 3 to effectively prevent soot and dust from scattering.

Additionally, if the waste contains a large amount of plastic materials such as vinyl chloride, it can be burned by supplying lime grains to the waste and treating it with chlorine gas. However, in this case, a small amount of hardened ash is generated as combustion residue. However, this hardened ash can also be easily removed from the ash extraction bit 4.

Note that the water cooling wall 7 is intended to circulate water inside and heat this water using the heat generated by the combustion of incinerated waste to obtain hot water. This water cooling wall 7 does not necessarily need to be installed.

In this way, according to the present invention, the combustion of the waste to be incinerated in the main combustion chamber 1 is carried out in stages from the top layer to the lower layers, and in the incineration process, the waste to be incinerated is Because the gasified material is sequentially heated to high temperature, gasified, dried, and combusted, and RM primary air and secondary air are supplied, the substantially complete Combustion takes place without the need for a special fuel supply.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail.

Incinerated waste Garbage waste from urban households Volume and weight (pressed) Volume: 700x700x700 ml Weight: Approximately 700 kg Combustion process At the beginning of combustion, smoke was seen for several minutes. However, after that, there was no smoke at all.

Temperature inside the main combustion furnace: Upper temperature: 800°C to 1.400°C: Middle temperature:
600℃～900℃ Lower layer temperature 100”C～400℃ Average temperature
Approximately 1,200°C Amount of ash after combustion Weight: Approximately 1.2 kg Results The incineration results were judged to be good.

Waste to be incinerated Industrial waste (plastic materials such as vinyl chloride) 2゜3゜ Exhaust gas measurement concentration dust Concentration 0.018 g/N-ko (0
,50g/N-3) Sulfur oxide 0.076N
-co/l+ (0,86N-3/h) Nitrogen oxide 5
6.8 ppm (250pp() The numbers in parentheses are
This is an "emission standard", and if it is below this value, it is judged as "suitable".

The concentration of the resulting exhaust gas is below the emission standard, so it complies with this standard.

Note: From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the present invention can achieve its intended purpose.

As mentioned above, the present invention addresses the fact that complete incineration is not possible with conventional waste incineration methods or furnaces, and that the concentration of the exhaust gas is adjusted to meet the emission standards. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new and improved incineration method and incinerator that can solve problems such as the difficulty of incineration. In addition, unlike conventional incinerators, the incinerator does not use a grate, so there is no need to stop the operation of the incinerator, and the structure is extremely simple. Therefore, the construction cost can be significantly reduced compared to conventional ones.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figure is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of an incinerator according to the present invention. 1... Main combustion chamber, 2... Secondary combustion chamber (flue), 3.
・Chimney, 4. Ash extraction bit, 5. Cover, 6.-Primary air port, 7. Water cooling wall, 8. Secondary air port, 10. Blower, 11.. Valve, 12. Spare burner. 13...Secondary air supply port. Patent applicant Kudo Kosakusho Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The waste to be incinerated is charged into the combustion chamber in layers, and the upper surface of the waste to be incinerated is supplied with primary air above it, and at the same time secondary air is supplied from inside the waste. combusting under the supply, and discharging the combustion gases generated by this combustion from the chimney through a secondary combustion chamber, and in parallel with this,
The high-temperature heat generated as the upper surface of the incinerated waste burns is transferred to the lower layer, and the incinerated waste immediately below is gasified under the supply of primary and secondary air. The process involves drying the incinerated waste in the lower layer, burning this gasified incinerated waste while supplying primary and secondary air, and converting the dried incinerated waste in the lower layer into the primary gasification under the supply of air and secondary air, continuing such combustion process until the combustion reaches the bottom layer of the waste to be incinerated, and discharging the ash resulting from the combustion from the combustion chamber. It consists of doing things, especially,
A method of incinerating waste, characterized in that depreciable waste is made into fuel without requiring the supply of fuel. 2. A nearly vertical main combustion chamber with an open upper part, which has an appropriate planar ring and a certain height, a cover that closes this open part, and an upper part of the main combustion chamber. a substantially horizontal secondary combustion chamber connected to the secondary combustion chamber; a substantially vertical chimney connected to the secondary combustion chamber; and two vertically spaced horizontal rows opening into the main combustion chamber. A waste incinerator characterized in that it consists of a secondary air port, means for separately supplying air to each row of secondary air ports, and a primary air port opening at the top of the main combustion chamber. . 3. The waste incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the primary air port is provided in the cover. 4. The waste incinerator according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the flue is provided with a preliminary burner port and an air supply port. 5. The waste according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the main combustion chamber is installed underground and its side walls are covered with a fire-resistant and heat-resistant material, but the bottom of the furnace is left open. Incinerator for use.