JPH04183562A - Composite working device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To automatically work the work surface in an optional shape of a precise die, etc., by vibrating a work tool with the specified amplitude in a spindle direction with a tool vibrating mechanism, and acting a centripetal force by a centripedal force imparting means on the work tool displaced within the plane orthogonal with a spindle by a tool displacing mechanism. CONSTITUTION:The rotation of the spindle 12 of a machine tool is converted into a reciprocating linear movement by a tool vibration mechanism 21, the work tool 20 connected to the spindle 12 thereof is vibrated with the specified amplitude in the spindle direction for the work 4 surface and the work surface is automatically worked. At this time the work tool 20 is displaced within the plane orthogonal with the spindle by a tool displacement mechanism 29, and the centripetal force corresponding to the displacement quantity thereof is given to the work tool 20 by a centripetal force imparting means 37. The work tool 20 can be held in the state of its being contacted with the work surface at all times from the work start to the work completion by this centripetal force. The work 4 surface in an optional shape can thus be subjected to an automatic working by the work tool 20.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a compound processing device, and in particular, when manufacturing a workpiece such as a pocket-shaped mold, the concave pocket portion of the mold is automatically cut using a cutting tool. The present invention relates to a multi-processing device that automatically polishes the pocket surface with a polishing tool.

[Prior Art] For example, manufacturing of molds and the like is performed by cutting and polishing using a complex machine tool such as a copy milling machine or a machining center. The cutting process is performed using a cutting tool such as an end mill, and the polishing process is performed using a polishing tool such as an oil grindstone or a stick grindstone.

For example, when manufacturing a pocket-shaped mold that is often found in precision molds, first, in the cutting process using the multi-tasking machine tool, the main shaft is rotated along the Z axis while rotating a cutting tool such as an end mill attached to the main shaft. The cutting tool is moved three-dimensionally relative to the mold by moving the table on which the mold is positioned and mounted in the XY-axis directions, and the cutting tool is NC-feeded based on this pocket shape. Thus, as shown in FIG. 4, a mold (4) having a concave pocket part (3) consisting of a pocket bottom part (1) and a pocket side part (2) is created.

After this cutting process, the used cutting tool attached to the main spindle of the multi-tasking machine tool is automatically replaced with an abrasive tool such as an electroplated grindstone, and then the rotationally driven abrasive tool is replaced with a grinding tool, as in the case of the cutting process described above. By moving the polishing tool three-dimensionally relative to the mold (4), the pocket bottom part (3) of the concave pocket part (3) is
1) and the surfaces of the pocket side surface (2) are polished.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, in the cutting and polishing processing using the above-mentioned compound machine tool, the cutting and polishing tool attached to the main shaft of the compound machine tool is rotated and a tertiary tool is applied to the mold (4). For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the pocket side surface (2) of the pocket-shaped mold (4) can be cut with a cylindrical σ cutting and polishing tool by simply rotating the tool. Even if automatic cutting and polishing is attempted in step (5), the radius of the pocket corner (6) of the mold (4) may be smaller than the radius of the cutting and polishing tool (5), or the pocket corner ( 7) is angular at almost right angles,
During the cutting and polishing process, there are restrictions on the size of the radius of the cutting and polishing tool (5). (7) could not be automatically processed, making it impossible to manufacture the pocket-shaped mold (4).

Therefore, at present, the pocket corners (6) and (7) can only be formed by electrical discharge machining, which is a machining method that does not use a rotating tool. However, the electric discharge machining requires the manufacture of an electrode that serves as a machining tool, and there is a problem in that the machining efficiency is extremely low compared to cutting or polishing.

The present invention was proposed in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a simple structure for improving the pocket shape, including pocket corners of arbitrary shapes, when manufacturing a pocket-shaped mold. An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-tasking device that can perform efficient automatic processing.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The technical means for achieving the above object of the present invention is to form a workpiece surface using a processing tool that is detachably attached to the main shaft of a machine tool and connected to the rotatable main shaft. A multi-tasking device for automatic machining, comprising: a tool vibration mechanism that converts and transmits the rotary motion of the main spindle of the machine tool into reciprocating linear motion to vibrate the processing tool with adjustable amplitude in the direction of the main axis; A tool displacement mechanism capable of displacing a tool in a plane perpendicular to the main axis, and equipped with a centripetal force applying means that applies a centripetal force according to the amount of displacement of the processing tool and maintains a predetermined centripetal force even when the amount of displacement is 0. It is equipped with the following.

Further, it is desirable that the centripetal force applying means be provided with a centripetal force adjusting means for increasing or decreasing the centripetal force applied to the processing tool.

[Function] In the multi-tasking device according to the present invention, the tool vibration mechanism converts the rotational motion of the main spindle of the machine tool into reciprocating linear motion, and moves the machining tool connected to the main spindle in a predetermined direction in the main axis direction with respect to the workpiece surface. The workpiece surface is automatically machined by vibrating with the same amplitude. At this time, the machining tool is displaced in a plane perpendicular to the main axis by the tool displacement mechanism, and a centripetal force corresponding to the amount of displacement is applied to the machining tool by the centripetal force applying means, and this centripetal force constantly performs machining from the start of machining to the end of machining. The tool may be held in contact with the work surface. Thereby, the surface of a workpiece having an arbitrary shape can be automatically machined using the processing tool.

Further, the centripetal force applied to the processing tool by the centripetal force applying means can be increased by the centripetal force adjusting means, thereby holding the processing tool in a fixed state at a position of displacement O in a plane perpendicular to the main axis. You can also do that.

[Example] An example of the composite processing device according to the present invention is shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
This will be explained with reference to the figures.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the basic configuration of a multi-tasking machine according to the present invention. In the same figure, (11) is attached to the main body (not shown) of the multi-tasking machine tool in the main axis direction, that is, the Z-axis direction [in the direction of the arrow in the figure].
The spindle head (12) is a spindle that is rotatably mounted on the spindle head (11) about the Z-axis. Although not shown, the pocket-shaped mold (4) that is the workpiece is mounted on a table that is movable in the plane perpendicular to the main axis of the multifunction machine tool, that is, in the XY-axis direction (in the direction of the arrow in the figure). will be placed on.

(13) is a multi-tasking device of the present invention that is detachably attached to the spindle (12), and is automatically attached to and detached from the spindle (12) by an automatic tool changer (not shown). .

In this multi-processing device (13), (14) is a substantially cylindrical device main body, and (15) is inserted into the upper part of the device main body (14) via a bearing (16) so as to be rotatable about the Z-axis. A tapered main shaft mounting portion (17) is integrally provided at the upper shaft end of the rotary shaft, making it easy to attach and detach the compound processing device (13) to the main shaft (12).

(18) is a spindle inserted and held in the lower part of the device main body (14) by a tool displacement mechanism described later, and a tool holder (19) is attached to the lower shaft end of the spindle for polishing a cutting tool or an electrocoated grindstone. A processing tool (20) such as a tool is removably attached coaxially by screwing or the like.

(21) is a tool vibration mechanism provided inside the apparatus main body (14), which vibrates the processing tool (20) located at the lower shaft end of the spindle (18) in the Z-axis direction.

In this tool vibration mechanism (21), (22) is a rotary roller rotatably mounted on the lower shaft end of the rotary shaft (15), and at a position of radius r from the center of the rotary shaft (15),
It rotates around the Y axis in synchronization with the main shaft (12). (23
) is a disc cam disposed below the rotating shaft (15), and has a cam surface (24) at a predetermined angle of inclination on its upper surface that comes into contact with the rotating roller (22). (25) is a camshaft coaxially fixed to the lower part of the disk cam (23), which is slidable in the Z-axis direction with respect to the device body (14) via a slide bearing (26). provided. (
(27) is a steel ball interposed between the lower shaft end of the camshaft (25) and the upper shaft end of the spindle (18);
8) is stretched between the upper shaft end of the spindle (18) and a holder of a tool displacement mechanism to be described later.
A coil spring externally inserted in the cam 22 applies an elastic force directed upward along the Z axis to press the disc cam (23) against the rotating roller (22) with a predetermined contact pressure.

(29) is the device main body (14) and spindle (18)
A tool displacement mechanism provided between the processing tool (2)
0) is attached to the device main body (14) so that it can be displaced in the XY-axis directions. In this tool displacement mechanism (29), (30) is a holder externally mounted approximately in the middle of the spindle (18) via a slide bearing (31).
0), the spindle (18) can be slid only in the Z-axis direction. Incidentally, the spindle (18) may be structured to be rotatable around the Z-axis relative to the holder (30) in accordance with either cutting or polishing. (32) is a cylindrical bush placed above the holder (30), which is fitted into the device main body (14) so as to be slidable in the Z-axis direction. The coil spring (33) stretched along the Z-axis is elastically biased downward in the Z-axis direction. (34)... and (35)... are holders (30
), the upper and lower flanges of the bush (32), and the main body of the device (
The upper and lower steel balls interposed between the holder (14)
30), the spindle (18) can be displaced in the XY-axis directions. (36) is a position detector disposed above the bushing (32) of the device body (14), which detects the position of the processing tool (20) as the bushing (32) moves up and down, as will be described later. do. Second position detector (36)
There are non-contact types such as photoelectric switches and contact types such as differential transformers.

(37) is a centripetal force applying means provided in the tool displacement mechanism (29), specifically at opposing positions where the upper steel balls (34) of the holder (30) and bush (32) are arranged. Annular V grooves (38) and (39) are formed, and the V grooves (38) and (39) are formed.
It has a structure in which upper steel balls (34) are fitted into grooves (38) and (39). At this time, the bush (32) is pressed downward by the elastic force of the coil spring (33), and this pressing force causes the upper steel balls (34)... and the holder (30
) and bushing (32) are maintained, and a centripetal force is applied to the spindle (18).

(40) is a centripetal force adjusting means attached to the centripetal force applying means (37), which increases or decreases the centripetal force applied to the processing tool (20). In this centripetal force adjustment means (40),
(41) is an arm extending laterally from the top of the device body (14), (42) is a near rod implanted at the tip of the arm (41) so as to extend toward the Z-axis force, (43) is the above-mentioned Device body (14), arm (41) and near rod (
42), the open end on the device body side is open to the annular gap (44) formed between the bush (32), and the open end on the near rod side is open to the near rod. (42) is open at the upper end. (45)
(46) is the base plate (45) fixed to the spindle head (11) of the main body of the compound machine tool.
The cap (47) is a cylindrical bushing fitted between the base plate (45) and the cap (46), and the cap (47) is fixed to the lower part of the base plate (47).
A slight annular gap (48) is provided between the cap (46) and the cap (46), which allows minute position adjustment in the XY-axis directions.

The upper end of the near rod (42) of the composite processing device (13) is removably inserted into the lower part of the central through hole of this bush (47), so it has a tapered shape so that the near rod (42) can be easily inserted. There is. (49) is Bushu (47)
The slider is inserted into the upper part of the through hole, and is directed toward the Z-axis lower blade by the elastic force of the coil spring (50) stretched along the Z-axis direction between the upper end of the slider and the spindle head (11). The near rod (42) is elastically biased against the bush (47).
), the lower end of the slider (49) abuts against the upper end of the near rod (42) against the elastic force of the coil spring (50), and the slider (49) is approximately at the upper limit position. When the near rod (42) is not fitted into the bushing (47), the slider (49) is pushed down by the elastic force of the coil spring (50), and its upper end flange is locked to the bushing (47) to the lowest position. becomes.

(51) and (52) are a through hole that is drilled in the Z-axis direction of the slider (49) and opens at its lower end;
A side hole (53) communicates with the base plate (45) and opens to the side of the slider (49), and a side hole (53) communicates with the outside and the space (54) surrounding the slider (49) inside the base plate (45). ) An air supply source (not shown) is connected through a connection hole drilled in the side of (45).

The compound machining device (13) having the above configuration is attached to and detached from the main shaft (12) of the compound machine tool in the following manner.

First, based on the NC program, the main spindle of the compound machine tool (
12) is equipped with a multi-tasking device (13) using an automatic tool changer. At the same time, connect the near rod (42) at the tip of the arm (41) extending from the device body (14) to the spindle head (
11) into the bushing (47). As a result, the main body (14) of the apparatus is always kept stationary relative to the main shaft (12). At this time, the lower opening end of the bush (47) is tapered;
) can be moved minutely in the XY-axis directions, making it easy to fit the near rod (42) into the bush (47). Furthermore, the slider (
49) is pushed up against the elastic force of the coil spring (50), and passes from the connection hole (53) of the base plate (45) through the space (54) to the side hole (52) of the slider (49).
From the conduction hole (51) and near rod (42) to the arm (4
1) through which the conduction hole (43) extends to the device main body (14).
are in communication, and the air supply source is connected to the air gap (
Air can be supplied to 44).

In addition, from the main shaft (12) of the multi-tasking machine tool to the multi-tasking device (1
3) by the automatic tool changer, the near rod (42) is removed from the bush (47), and the slider (49) is pushed downward by the elastic force of the coil spring (50), and the slider (49) side hole (
52) is closed by a bushing (47) to prevent air leakage. In addition, when removing the multi-tasking device (13) from the main spindle (12) of the multi-tasking machine tool using an automatic tool changer, the angular position of the main body (14), the main spindle (12), and even the arm (41) should be kept constant. Since it is necessary to hold it, a positioning mechanism and a positioning bin (not shown) are incorporated into the multi-tasking device (13).

Next, an example of use and operation of the composite processing apparatus (13) of the present invention will be described in detail when manufacturing a pocket-shaped mold (4), which is the workpiece shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, for example.

In the following explanation, a case will be considered in which a substantially right-angled pocket corner (7) of the pocket side surface (2) is polished as shown in FIG.

First, the pocket side surface portion (2) is cut in advance with an end mill (55), which is a cutting tool having a radius R, as shown by the broken line in the figure. Therefore, the above end mill (
The shape created at the pocket corner (7) in step 55) is a curved surface having the same radius of curvature as the radius R of the end mill (55). Next, a multi-processing device (13) having a square polishing tool (20) (hereinafter referred to as polishing tool) is installed.
As described above, the end mill (55) is replaced with the end mill (55) using the automatic tool changer and attached to the main shaft (12). Then, after positioning and placing the mold (4) on the table of the compound machine tool, the table is moved in the XY-axis directions based on the NC program, and the spindle head (11) is moved.
By moving the spindle head (11) in the Z-axis direction,
) with respect to the mold (4) in three dimensions in the x, Y, and Z axis directions, and the axial center of its spindle head (11) is placed at point 01, that is, the polishing end position.

At this time, since the pocket corner (7) has a curved surface due to the pre-processing of the end mill (55), the abrasive tool (20)
) comes into contact with the curved surface, and the axial center of the polishing tool (20) is placed at point O°, ie, the polishing start position, by the tool displacement mechanism (29).

When the main shaft (12) is rotated in this state, the polishing tool (2)
0) is the pocket corner (7) by the tool vibration mechanism (21).
Polishing is performed while vibrating with a predetermined amplitude in the Z-axis direction. At this time, the polishing tool (20) applies a centripetal force to the pocket corner (7) by the centripetal force applying means (37), and is set to a polishing pressure corresponding to the amount of displacement.

To explain specifically below, first, when the axial center of the main shaft (12) is placed at point O, which is the polishing end position of the polishing tool (20), the holder (3) holding the spindle (18)
Upper and lower steel balls (34)...(3) between the upper and lower flanges of
5) The spindle (18) is displaced in the XY axis direction by the rolling of..., and the edge of the polishing tool (20) comes into contact with the curved surface of the pocket corner (7), and the polishing tool (20)
The axial center of is located at point 0, which is the polishing start position. At this time, the upper steel ball (34)... is a bush (
32) and the annular V groove (38) of the holder (30) (
39) and is pressed by the elastic force of the coil spring (33), the spindle (18) holding the polishing tool (20) receives a centripetal force directed from point O° to point O. act.

Here, the relationship between the composite displacement amount ε=$ of the displacement amounts ε8 and ε7 in the XY-axis directions of the spindle (18) and the above centripetal force is based on the geometrical relationship between the coil spring (33) and the V-groove (38) (39). It is determined by the shape, and the characteristics shown by the solid line in FIG. 3 are obtained. That is, as the resultant displacement amount ε increases, the centripetal force linearly increases, and even when the resultant displacement amount ε=O, the centripetal force F) is maintained.

Then, as described above, the edge of the polishing tool (20) comes into contact with the curved surface of the pocket corner (7), and the polishing tool (
When the main shaft (12) is rotated with the shaft center of the main shaft (12) located at 0°, which is the polishing start position, the main shaft (12)
The rotation of 2) is transmitted to the rotating shaft (15) of the multitasking device (13), and the rotating roller (22) rotates within the XY plane.

Then, the coil spring (28) is attached to this rotating roller (22).
Based on the cam surface (24) of the disc cam (23) pressed with the elastic force of
8) reciprocates along the Z-axis direction. This reciprocating movement of the spindle (18) causes the polishing tool (20) to vibrate with a predetermined amplitude. The vibration period of this polishing tool (20) is the rotational speed of the main shaft (12), and the vibration amplitude is determined by the inclination angle of the cam surface (24) of the disc cam (23) and the rotation of the rotating roller (22). It is adjustable with radius r.

The mold (
The pocket corner (7) of 4) is to be polished, and the polishing tool (20) moves from the polishing start position to the polishing end position based on the centripetal force generated by the centripetal force applying means (37), that is, The axial center of the polishing tool (20) moves from point 0° toward point O, and finally the axial center moves toward the main axis (1
The polishing process is completed when the center of the axis coincides with 2). During this time, the polishing tool (20) that polishes the pocket corner (7) while vibrating against the pocket corner (7), as shown by the solid line in FIG. Since a centripetal force corresponding to the resultant displacement amount ε of the main shaft (12) at the shaft center is obtained, and since the centripetal force FO is obtained even when the resultant displacement amount ε=O, the polishing tool (20) starts polishing. Polishing pressure is constantly applied to the pocket corners (7) from the position to the polishing end position to perform the polishing process. Incidentally, the polishing process is completed when, for example, the axial center of the polishing tool (20) coincides with the axial center of the main shaft (12).
32) is located at the lowest point in the Z-axis direction, so it can be determined when it is detected by the position detector (36), or if the axial center of the polishing tool (20) is the axial center of the main shaft (12). The point in time may be determined based on a certain period of time that elapses until the point of coincidence, and after this polishing process is completed, the next process may be performed.

In addition, in the above explanation, the pocket corners (
Regarding the polishing process in 7), the end mill (
Similarly, when polishing the pocket corner (6) [see Fig. 5] whose radius of curvature is smaller than the radius R [see Fig. 2] of 55), after cutting with the end mill (55),
The multi-tasking device (13) of the present invention has a polishing tool (20) having the same curved surface as the radius of curvature of the pocket corner (6).
) can be used.

Further, in the above embodiment, the compound machining device (13) of the present invention was described for constant pressure polishing using the polishing tool (20), but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to cutting using forced cutting. is also possible.

In this forced cutting process, first, a multi-tasking device (13) having a cutting tool is attached to the main spindle (12), and then the centripetal force adjusting means (40) is applied to the cutting tool as shown in Fig. 1. increase the centripetal force exerted. That is,
Compressed air sent from an air supply source (not shown) is supplied to the main shaft through the connection hole (53) of the base plate (45) of the head (11), the space (54), and the side hole (52) of the slider (49). ) and through hole (51), as well as the composite processing device (1
3) is introduced into the cavity (44) of the device body (14) through the through hole (43) of the near rod (42) at the tip of the arm (41) extending from the device body (14). As a result, the bush (32) is pressed against the device body (14) by the compressed air in the gap (44) in addition to the elastic force of the coil spring (33). ,
Due to this increase in the pressing force due to the compressed air, the centripetal force relative to the resultant displacement amount ε increases as shown by the broken line in FIG.

In particular, due to the increase in the centripetal force Fo when the resultant displacement amount ε=O, the upper steel ball (34)
The fitting state between the bushing (32) and the holder (30) becomes even more reliable, and the holder (30) holding the spindle (18) is kept fixed to the device body (14). . That is, the axial center of the cutting tool of the spindle (18) is fixedly held in a state aligned with the axial center of the main shaft (12), and in this state, the cutting tool is fixed to the mold (4).
) by making minute cuts in the XYZ axes directions, it is possible to perform forced cutting operations such as slot and vine cutting.

In the above embodiment, the case where a pocket-shaped mold (4) as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. Of course, the present invention can be applied to works such as molds having a mold.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the multi-tasking device according to the present invention, the machining tool is vibrated with a predetermined amplitude in the main axis direction by the tool vibration mechanism,
Since the centripetal force is applied by the centripetal force applying means to the processing tool displaced in a plane perpendicular to the main axis by the tool displacement mechanism, the workpiece surface of an arbitrary shape such as a precision mold, etc.
In particular, it is possible to automatically process pocket corners of arbitrary shapes in pocket-shaped molds, greatly improving work efficiency, and having great practical value.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 3 are for explaining one embodiment of the compound processing device according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an example of the basic configuration of the compound processing device, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the essential parts showing the pocket corner and the polishing tool, and FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the centripetal force with respect to the synthetic displacement amount of the polishing tool by the centripetal force applying means and the centripetal force adjusting means. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a pocket-shaped mold showing an example of a workpiece, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the pocket-shaped mold and polishing tool of FIG. 4. (4)...Workpiece, (12)...Spindle,
(13)...Compound machining device, (20)...Processing tool, (21)...Tool vibration mechanism, (29)...
- Tool displacement mechanism, (37)... Centripetal force applying means, (40)... Centripetal force adjusting means. Patent applicant: Osaka Kiko Co., Ltd. Agent: Gangwon Province I2S Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A multi-tasking device that is removably attached to the spindle of a machine tool and automatically processes the surface of a workpiece using a processing tool connected to the rotatable spindle, which converts the rotational movement of the spindle of the machine tool into a reciprocating straight line. a tool vibration mechanism that vibrates a machining tool with adjustable amplitude in the direction of the main axis by converting it into motion and transmitting it; What is claimed is: 1. A multi-tasking device comprising a tool displacement mechanism that applies a centripetal force to the tool and maintains a predetermined centripetal force even when the amount of displacement is zero. (2) A multi-tasking device characterized in that the centripetal force applying means according to claim (1) is further provided with a centripetal force adjusting means for increasing or decreasing the centripetal force applied to the processing tool.