JPH0349089B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0349089B2 JPH0349089B2 JP58108690A JP10869083A JPH0349089B2 JP H0349089 B2 JPH0349089 B2 JP H0349089B2 JP 58108690 A JP58108690 A JP 58108690A JP 10869083 A JP10869083 A JP 10869083A JP H0349089 B2 JPH0349089 B2 JP H0349089B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- silver halide
- light
- general formula
- mol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005529 alkyleneoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 17
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 9
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 229910000355 cerium(IV) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluquinol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O CNHDIAIOKMXOLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UOMQUZPKALKDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical class [Fe+3].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UOMQUZPKALKDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCFIVNQHHFZRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].Cl[IH]Br Chemical compound [Ag].Cl[IH]Br XCFIVNQHHFZRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P ceric ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ce+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 2
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJYFRQQXXXRJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-aminophenyl) thiocyanate Chemical class NC1=CC=C(SC#N)C=C1 NJYFRQQXXXRJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical group C1=CC=C2CCCNC2=C1 LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHBQPCCCRFSCAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 OHBQPCCCRFSCAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCKMJVEAUXWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1Cl DBCKMJVEAUXWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMRXVBREYFZQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=NC(Cl)=N1 OMRXVBREYFZQHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIGSPBFIOSHWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Isopropyl-1,4-benzenediol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O HIGSPBFIOSHWQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMSDCGXQALIMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O LMSDCGXQALIMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REFDOIWRJDGBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Br)=C1 REFDOIWRJDGBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXDAXYDMZCYZNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2h-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)CSC2=C1 PXDAXYDMZCYZNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFIQGRISGKSVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1h-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)N2NC=NC2=N1 INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical class CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003803 Gold(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJUCACGNNJFHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C1N[ClH](=O)NC2=C1NC(=O)N2 Chemical class O=C1N[ClH](=O)NC2=C1NC(=O)N2 SJUCACGNNJFHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 Chemical compound OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940022682 acetone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001541 aziridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015115 caffÚ latte Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- AJPXTSMULZANCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorohydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 AJPXTSMULZANCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr](O)(=O)=O CMMUKUYEPRGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000005205 dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BXJGUBZTZWCMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylhydroquinone Natural products CC1=C(C)C(O)=CC=C1O BXJGUBZTZWCMEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Natural products O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXRFSTNITSDOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;sulfurous acid Chemical compound O=C.OS(O)=O DXRFSTNITSDOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940076131 gold trichloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical class OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroquinone methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazolidin-3-one Chemical class O=C1CCNN1 NDGRWYRVNANFNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodanine Chemical compound O=C1CSC(=S)N1 KIWUVOGUEXMXSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium feredetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AKPBRLRJVQJTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].OCCN(CCO)CS([O-])(=O)=O AKPBRLRJVQJTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AIWXQURDQHMMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydrogen sulfite;propan-2-one Chemical class [Na+].CC(C)=O.OS([O-])=O AIWXQURDQHMMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical class NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/06—Silver salts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/162—Protective or antiabrasion layer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯è£œççšããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææåã³
ãããçšããŠè¡ãæžååŠçæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ã
ãã 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææïŒè£œççšææ
ãšããïŒã¯ãå°å·å·¥æ¥çã®åéã«ãããŠæ¿æ·¡ç»å
ã網ç¹ç»åã«å€æããããç·ç»åãæ®åœ±ãããªã©
ã®åç補çå·¥çšã«çšããææã§ããã éåžžãããã®è£œççšææãçšããŠå°å·çšåçã
åŸãã«ããã€ãŠã¯ãå°å·ç¹æ§ã«é©åããç»åã®åŸ®
åŠãªèª¿ååçŸãèžè¡çãªè¡šçŸãæºè¶³ããããã
ã«ã該補ççšææã«å¯ŸããŠæžååŠçãšåŒã°ããåŠ
çãæœããŠç¶²ç¹é¢ç©ãæžå°ããããç·ç»ã®å¹ ãæ¡
倧ãŸãã¯çž®å°ããããªã©ç»åãéšåçã«ãŸãã¯å š
é¢çã«åŸ®ä¿®æ£ããããšãå€ãã ãã®çºã補ççšææã«ãã€ãŠã¯æžååŠçé©æ§ã
æããŠãããåŠãã極ããŠéèŠãªæ§èœã®ã²ãšã€ãš
ãªãã é²å ã»çŸååŠçãçµãŠç¶²ç¹ç»åãŸãã¯ç·ç»åã
圢æãã補ççšææãæžååŠçããã«ã¯ã該網ç¹
ãŸãã¯ç·ç»åã圢æããŠããéå±éãæžå液ãšæ¥
觊ãããæ¹æ³ãçšããããŠãããæžå液ãšããŠã¯
å€ãã®ãã®ãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãããŒã¹è
ãTHE THEORY OF THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSã738ã739ããŒ
ãžãïŒ1954幎ãMacmillan瀟åïŒã«ã¯ãéãã³ã¬
ã³é žå¡©ã第ïŒéå¡©ã第ïŒã»ãªãŠã å¡©ãèµ€è¡å¡©ãé
ç¡«é žå¡©ãéã¯ãã å¡©é žãªã©ã®æžåæåãçšããæž
å液ãèšèŒãããŠããã ãšããããæžååŠçãšã¯çµå±ãéç»åãé žå
ãã溶解ããããšã§ããããã網ç¹ç»åãæžååŠ
çããå ŽåæžååŠçã«ãã網ç¹é¢ç©ãæžå°ããã
ããšããããšäžŠè¡ããŠç¶²ç¹ã®é»åæ¿åºŠã®æžå°ãç
ãããåŸã€ãŠæžååŠçã«ããä¿®æ£å¯èœãªç¯å²ã¯ç¶²
ç¹é¢ç©ã®æžå°æã«çºçãã網ç¹ïŒååœãã®é»åæ¿
床ã®æžå°ã®åºŠåã«ãã€ãŠå¶éãããããšã«ãªãã
æèšããã°ã網ç¹ç»åã®ä¿®æ£å¯èœãªç¯å²ã®ã¡ãžã€
ãŒã¯ã網ç¹ïŒååœãã®é»åæ¿åºŠãäžå®å€ä»¥äžã«ä¿
ã€ãŠç¶²ç¹é¢ç©ããããæžå°ãããåŸããã«ãã€ãŠ
è¡šãããšãã§ããã æ¬æ现æžã«ãããŠã¯ãæžååŠçã«ããåç補ç
å·¥çšã§å¿ èŠãšãããããããã®å€ã«ãŸã§ç¶²ç¹ã®é»
åæ¿åºŠãæžå°ãããšãã«ã網ç¹é¢ç©ãåŠçåã®ç¶²
ç¹é¢ç©ã«å¯ŸããŠã©ã®äœæžå°ãããããæžåå·Ÿããª
ãçšèªã§è¡šãããšã«ããããã®æžåå·Ÿãåºãçšæž
ååŠçé©æ§ãé«ããªãããšã¯ãããŸã§ããªãã æžååŠçé©æ§ãåäžãããæè¡ãšããŠã¯ãäŸã
ã°ç¹éæ52â68419å·å ¬å ±ã«èšèŒãããæžååŠç
æã«ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãå«ãæžå液ãçšããæ¹æ³
ãç¥ãããŠããããç¹æ®ãªæžå液ãšãªããæžåé
床ãäžè¬ã«äœ¿çšãããŠããæžå液ãšç°ãªã€ãŠäœ¿ã
ã«ãããªãããŸãä¹³å€èãè»èã«ããŠãã«ããŒãª
ã³ã°ãã¯ãŒãäžããŠæ¿åºŠãäžããã°ãæžåå·Ÿãåº
ããæžååŠçç¹æ§ãæ¹åããããšãã§ããããã
ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯å¿ èŠãªè匷床ãåŸãããªãã æžåå·ŸãåºãããŠæžååŠçé©æ§ãåäžãããæ
è¡ã®äžã§æãæå¹ãªæ¹æ³ã¯ç»åã圢æããééã
å€ãããããšã§ããããªããªããéç»åã圢æã
ãŠããéã®åäœé¢ç©åœãã®éãå€ããã°å€ãã»ã©
æžååŠçã«ããç»åãä¿®æ£ã§ããç¯å²ãåºããªã
ããã§ãããåŸã€ãŠè£œççšææã«çšããããã²ã³
åéã®åäœé¢ç©åœãã®å¡åžéãå€ãããã°æžåå·Ÿ
ã¯åºããªãã®ã§ããããåšç¥ã®ããã«éã¯æ¥µããŠ
é«äŸ¡ãã€è²Žéãªãã®ã§ãããããããããã«å¡åž
ééãå€ãããããšã¯è£œççšææã®ã³ã¹ãã®ãã
ããã奜ãŸãããªãã åŸã€ãŠã§ããã ãå°ãªãéãçšããŠå¿ èŠãªç¹æ§
ãæãã補ççšææã補é ããããšã¯åœæ¥çã®é
èŠãªèª²é¡ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããã æ¬åºé¡äººã®åºé¡ã«ä¿ãç¹é¡æ56â140669å·ïŒç¹
éæ58â42039å·ïŒã§ã¯ãäžèšã®èª²é¡ã解決ãã
ããã«ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã®äžéšã«ãã®ä¹³å€å±€
ã®è解æéãããé·ãè解æéãæã€éæå æ§äž
éšå±€ãèšããæ段ãææ¡ãããŠããããã®æ段ã«
ãããå¡åžééã倧ããããªãã§æžååŠçé©æ§ã
å€§å¹ ã«æ¹è¯ããããšãã§ããããéæå æ§äžéšå±€
ã®è解æéãé·ãããããã«ã¯ä¹³å€å±€ãšã¯ç¬ç«ã®
硬èãããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãå¡åžã容æã§ãª
ãã€ãããã¬ãããŠã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ãçºçãããªã©ã®
åé¡ããã€ãã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ç¬¬äžã«æžååŠçé©æ§ãæ¹
è¯ããã補ççšææãæäŸããããšã«ããã第äº
ã«åäœé¢ç©åœãã®å¡åžééãå°ãªãããŠãæžååŠ
çé©æ§ãå£åããªã補ççšææãæäŸããã«ã
ãã第äžã«å¡åžã容æã§ãã¬ãããŠã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®
çºçããªããæžååŠçé©æ§ãæ¹è¯ããã補ççšæ
æãæäŸããã«ããã æ¬çºæã®å¥ã®ç®çã¯ãåäœé¢ç©åœãã®å¡åžéé
ã®å°ãªã補ççšææãçšããªãããæžåå·Ÿã®åºã
æžååŠçæ¹æ³ãæäŸããã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãæ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®
æå æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã³ãã®äžéšã«å°ãªã
ãšãäžå±€ã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ãæãã補ççšããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã«ãããŠãåèšéæå æ§äžéš
å±€ã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ãäžèšïœåã³ïœã§è¡šããã
ãååç©ããéžã°ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ååç©ã
å«æããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã補ççšããã²ã³åéå
çæå ææãåã³è©²æå ææãé²å ã»çŸååŠçã
ãŠåŸãããéç»åã«åèšã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ãä»ã
ãŠæžå液ãäœçšãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæžååŠç
æ¹æ³ã«ããéæãããã (b) äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåäœãå°ãªã
ãšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãéåäœã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ãåŒäžãã¯ççŽ ååïŒã22åãæããèèªæ
çåæ°ŽçŽ åºãè¡šãããm1åã³m2ã¯ããããïŒå
ã¯ïŒãè¡šãããã¯ââåã¯âNHâãè¡šã
ããã¯ççŽ ååïŒã50åãæããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·åºãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·
åºåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·âã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºããéžã°
ããäºäŸ¡åºãè¡šãããïŒã¯ã«ããªã³ãè¡šãããã (c) äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããéåäœã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååïŒBrãCl
ãªã©ïŒåã¯äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããš
ãã«åºãããã«åºãªã©ïŒãè¡šãããã¯ããšãã¬
ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åº
ããéžã°ããäºäŸ¡ã®é£çµåºãè¡šãããïŒã¯ã«ããª
ã³ãè¡šãããïœã¯ïŒãïŒã§ãããïœã¯10ã90ã¢ã«
ïŒ ãç¹ã«20ã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ããã ã¯ãšãã¬ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãïŒåã®ã¿æããæ°Ž
äžæº¶æ§ã¢ãããŒãå ±éåããã¢ãããŒåäœã§ã
ããïœã¯10ã90ã¢ã«ïŒ ãç¹ã«50ã80ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ããæ¹è¯ãããæžååŠçæ§èœãåŸãã
ãçç±ã¯ã詳ããã§ã¯ãªãããè·é»ããããªãå
åç©ã§ã¯å¹æãèŠãããªãããšãããéæå æ§äž
éšå±€ã®é»è·å¯åºŠãæ¬çºæã®ååç©ã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠ
ä¹³å€å±€ããã倧ãããªã€ãŠããããšãäœããã®å
å ããªããŠãããã®ãšèããããã äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒäžã®ïŒ²ã¯ççŽ ååæ°ãïŒã22
åã®èèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºã§ãã€ãŠãçŽéã§ãããã
åæã§ããããåäžé£œåæ§çµåãæããŠããŠãã
ããã®ççŽ ååæ°ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯çŽïŒã18åã§ã
ãã ã®äŸãšããŠãããã«ããªã¯ãã«ãããã«ãã
ãã·ã«ããªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ããªã©ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã·
ã¹âïŒâãªã¯ã¿ãã»ãã«åºãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºç
ãæããããã ãŸãã¯ãççŽ ååæ°ãïŒã50åãæããã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·åºãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·åºåã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·âã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºã
ãéžã°ããäºäŸ¡åºãå«ãŸãããäŸãã°ããšãã¬
ã³ãããªã¡ãã¬ã³ããªã¯ã¿ã¡ãã¬ã³ããšãã¬ã³ãª
ãã·ãããªãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããªãããã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·âããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºçãæãã
ããã ïŒã§ç€ºãããã«ããªã³åã¯ã«ããªã³æ§æ ¹ã®äŸãš
ããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ããããªãŠã ãã«ãªãŠã ããªããŠ
ã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãããªãŠã ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãççŽ
æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çãæããã
ãã æ¬çºæã«çšããéåäœã¯äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãã
ãåäœãå°ãªããšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯å°ãªã
ãšã10ã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãã äžèšã®éåäœã¯å ±éåäœã§ãã€ãŠãåç¬éåäœ
ã§ãã€ãŠããããå ±éåäœã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ãäžè¬
åŒããã§ç€ºãããåäœãçŽïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã95ã¢ã«ïŒ
å«ãã§ãããäžèšã®åäœãçŽ10ã60ã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãå Ž
åããšãã«å¥œãŸãããäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããå
äœãšå ±éåãããåäœã¯äžçš®ã§ãããåäºçš®ä»¥äž
ãçšããããããå ±éåãããåäœã¯ã¡ãã¬ã³åº
ãæãããã³ãŒã³ç°åã¯ã¡ãã¬ã³åºãæãããã
ã¿ã¬ã³ç°ãããªãäºäŸ¡ã®åäœã§ãããäžèšãã³ãŒ
ã³ç°åã¯ããã¿ã¬ã³ç°ã¯çœ®æåºäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãã«åº
ïŒã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ççŽ ååã¯ïŒã22åã奜ãŸããã
äŸãã°ããã«åºããªã¯ãã«åºãããã«åºãããã·
ã«åºããªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«åºãªã©ïŒãããã²ã³ååïŒäŸ
ãã°ãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ æ¥åãæ²çŽ ååãªã©ïŒãã
ãããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ
ååã¯ïŒã22åã奜ãŸãããäŸãã°ãªã¯ãããã·
åºãããã·ããã·åºãããã·ããã·åºãβâãã
ããã·ãšããã·ãªã©ïŒãããã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒã¢ã«
ãã«éšåã®ççŽ ååã¯ïŒã22åã奜ãŸãããäŸã
ã°Î²âã¯ãã«ãšããã·ãβâããã¢ãšããã·ãª
ã©ïŒãªã©ã眮æãããããå°ããšãïŒåã®çœ®æåº
ã眮æãããŠããããšã奜ãŸããã å ±éåãããåäœã®äŸãšããŠã¯ã
ãããçšããŠè¡ãæžååŠçæ¹æ³ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ã
ãã 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææïŒè£œççšææ
ãšããïŒã¯ãå°å·å·¥æ¥çã®åéã«ãããŠæ¿æ·¡ç»å
ã網ç¹ç»åã«å€æããããç·ç»åãæ®åœ±ãããªã©
ã®åç補çå·¥çšã«çšããææã§ããã éåžžãããã®è£œççšææãçšããŠå°å·çšåçã
åŸãã«ããã€ãŠã¯ãå°å·ç¹æ§ã«é©åããç»åã®åŸ®
åŠãªèª¿ååçŸãèžè¡çãªè¡šçŸãæºè¶³ããããã
ã«ã該補ççšææã«å¯ŸããŠæžååŠçãšåŒã°ããåŠ
çãæœããŠç¶²ç¹é¢ç©ãæžå°ããããç·ç»ã®å¹ ãæ¡
倧ãŸãã¯çž®å°ããããªã©ç»åãéšåçã«ãŸãã¯å š
é¢çã«åŸ®ä¿®æ£ããããšãå€ãã ãã®çºã補ççšææã«ãã€ãŠã¯æžååŠçé©æ§ã
æããŠãããåŠãã極ããŠéèŠãªæ§èœã®ã²ãšã€ãš
ãªãã é²å ã»çŸååŠçãçµãŠç¶²ç¹ç»åãŸãã¯ç·ç»åã
圢æãã補ççšææãæžååŠçããã«ã¯ã該網ç¹
ãŸãã¯ç·ç»åã圢æããŠããéå±éãæžå液ãšæ¥
觊ãããæ¹æ³ãçšããããŠãããæžå液ãšããŠã¯
å€ãã®ãã®ãç¥ãããŠãããäŸãã°ãããŒã¹è
ãTHE THEORY OF THE
PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSã738ã739ããŒ
ãžãïŒ1954幎ãMacmillan瀟åïŒã«ã¯ãéãã³ã¬
ã³é žå¡©ã第ïŒéå¡©ã第ïŒã»ãªãŠã å¡©ãèµ€è¡å¡©ãé
ç¡«é žå¡©ãéã¯ãã å¡©é žãªã©ã®æžåæåãçšããæž
å液ãèšèŒãããŠããã ãšããããæžååŠçãšã¯çµå±ãéç»åãé žå
ãã溶解ããããšã§ããããã網ç¹ç»åãæžååŠ
çããå ŽåæžååŠçã«ãã網ç¹é¢ç©ãæžå°ããã
ããšããããšäžŠè¡ããŠç¶²ç¹ã®é»åæ¿åºŠã®æžå°ãç
ãããåŸã€ãŠæžååŠçã«ããä¿®æ£å¯èœãªç¯å²ã¯ç¶²
ç¹é¢ç©ã®æžå°æã«çºçãã網ç¹ïŒååœãã®é»åæ¿
床ã®æžå°ã®åºŠåã«ãã€ãŠå¶éãããããšã«ãªãã
æèšããã°ã網ç¹ç»åã®ä¿®æ£å¯èœãªç¯å²ã®ã¡ãžã€
ãŒã¯ã網ç¹ïŒååœãã®é»åæ¿åºŠãäžå®å€ä»¥äžã«ä¿
ã€ãŠç¶²ç¹é¢ç©ããããæžå°ãããåŸããã«ãã€ãŠ
è¡šãããšãã§ããã æ¬æ现æžã«ãããŠã¯ãæžååŠçã«ããåç補ç
å·¥çšã§å¿ èŠãšãããããããã®å€ã«ãŸã§ç¶²ç¹ã®é»
åæ¿åºŠãæžå°ãããšãã«ã網ç¹é¢ç©ãåŠçåã®ç¶²
ç¹é¢ç©ã«å¯ŸããŠã©ã®äœæžå°ãããããæžåå·Ÿããª
ãçšèªã§è¡šãããšã«ããããã®æžåå·Ÿãåºãçšæž
ååŠçé©æ§ãé«ããªãããšã¯ãããŸã§ããªãã æžååŠçé©æ§ãåäžãããæè¡ãšããŠã¯ãäŸã
ã°ç¹éæ52â68419å·å ¬å ±ã«èšèŒãããæžååŠç
æã«ã¡ã«ã«ããååç©ãå«ãæžå液ãçšããæ¹æ³
ãç¥ãããŠããããç¹æ®ãªæžå液ãšãªããæžåé
床ãäžè¬ã«äœ¿çšãããŠããæžå液ãšç°ãªã€ãŠäœ¿ã
ã«ãããªãããŸãä¹³å€èãè»èã«ããŠãã«ããŒãª
ã³ã°ãã¯ãŒãäžããŠæ¿åºŠãäžããã°ãæžåå·Ÿãåº
ããæžååŠçç¹æ§ãæ¹åããããšãã§ããããã
ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯å¿ èŠãªè匷床ãåŸãããªãã æžåå·ŸãåºãããŠæžååŠçé©æ§ãåäžãããæ
è¡ã®äžã§æãæå¹ãªæ¹æ³ã¯ç»åã圢æããééã
å€ãããããšã§ããããªããªããéç»åã圢æã
ãŠããéã®åäœé¢ç©åœãã®éãå€ããã°å€ãã»ã©
æžååŠçã«ããç»åãä¿®æ£ã§ããç¯å²ãåºããªã
ããã§ãããåŸã€ãŠè£œççšææã«çšããããã²ã³
åéã®åäœé¢ç©åœãã®å¡åžéãå€ãããã°æžåå·Ÿ
ã¯åºããªãã®ã§ããããåšç¥ã®ããã«éã¯æ¥µããŠ
é«äŸ¡ãã€è²Žéãªãã®ã§ãããããããããã«å¡åž
ééãå€ãããããšã¯è£œççšææã®ã³ã¹ãã®ãã
ããã奜ãŸãããªãã åŸã€ãŠã§ããã ãå°ãªãéãçšããŠå¿ èŠãªç¹æ§
ãæãã補ççšææã補é ããããšã¯åœæ¥çã®é
èŠãªèª²é¡ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããã æ¬åºé¡äººã®åºé¡ã«ä¿ãç¹é¡æ56â140669å·ïŒç¹
éæ58â42039å·ïŒã§ã¯ãäžèšã®èª²é¡ã解決ãã
ããã«ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã®äžéšã«ãã®ä¹³å€å±€
ã®è解æéãããé·ãè解æéãæã€éæå æ§äž
éšå±€ãèšããæ段ãææ¡ãããŠããããã®æ段ã«
ãããå¡åžééã倧ããããªãã§æžååŠçé©æ§ã
å€§å¹ ã«æ¹è¯ããããšãã§ããããéæå æ§äžéšå±€
ã®è解æéãé·ãããããã«ã¯ä¹³å€å±€ãšã¯ç¬ç«ã®
硬èãããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãå¡åžã容æã§ãª
ãã€ãããã¬ãããŠã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ãçºçãããªã©ã®
åé¡ããã€ãã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ç¬¬äžã«æžååŠçé©æ§ãæ¹
è¯ããã補ççšææãæäŸããããšã«ããã第äº
ã«åäœé¢ç©åœãã®å¡åžééãå°ãªãããŠãæžååŠ
çé©æ§ãå£åããªã補ççšææãæäŸããã«ã
ãã第äžã«å¡åžã容æã§ãã¬ãããŠã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®
çºçããªããæžååŠçé©æ§ãæ¹è¯ããã補ççšæ
æãæäŸããã«ããã æ¬çºæã®å¥ã®ç®çã¯ãåäœé¢ç©åœãã®å¡åžéé
ã®å°ãªã補ççšææãçšããªãããæžåå·Ÿã®åºã
æžååŠçæ¹æ³ãæäŸããã«ããã æ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯ãæ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®
æå æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã³ãã®äžéšã«å°ãªã
ãšãäžå±€ã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ãæãã補ççšããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã«ãããŠãåèšéæå æ§äžéš
å±€ã®å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã«ãäžèšïœåã³ïœã§è¡šããã
ãååç©ããéžã°ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ååç©ã
å«æããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã補ççšããã²ã³åéå
çæå ææãåã³è©²æå ææãé²å ã»çŸååŠçã
ãŠåŸãããéç»åã«åèšã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ãä»ã
ãŠæžå液ãäœçšãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããæžååŠç
æ¹æ³ã«ããéæãããã (b) äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåäœãå°ãªã
ãšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãéåäœã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ãåŒäžãã¯ççŽ ååïŒã22åãæããèèªæ
çåæ°ŽçŽ åºãè¡šãããm1åã³m2ã¯ããããïŒå
ã¯ïŒãè¡šãããã¯ââåã¯âNHâãè¡šã
ããã¯ççŽ ååïŒã50åãæããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·åºãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·
åºåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·âã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºããéžã°
ããäºäŸ¡åºãè¡šãããïŒã¯ã«ããªã³ãè¡šãããã (c) äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããéåäœã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³ååïŒBrãCl
ãªã©ïŒåã¯äœçŽã¢ã«ãã«åºïŒäŸãã°ã¡ãã«åºããš
ãã«åºãããã«åºãªã©ïŒãè¡šãããã¯ããšãã¬
ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åº
ããéžã°ããäºäŸ¡ã®é£çµåºãè¡šãããïŒã¯ã«ããª
ã³ãè¡šãããïœã¯ïŒãïŒã§ãããïœã¯10ã90ã¢ã«
ïŒ ãç¹ã«20ã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ããã ã¯ãšãã¬ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãïŒåã®ã¿æããæ°Ž
äžæº¶æ§ã¢ãããŒãå ±éåããã¢ãããŒåäœã§ã
ããïœã¯10ã90ã¢ã«ïŒ ãç¹ã«50ã80ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ããæ¹è¯ãããæžååŠçæ§èœãåŸãã
ãçç±ã¯ã詳ããã§ã¯ãªãããè·é»ããããªãå
åç©ã§ã¯å¹æãèŠãããªãããšãããéæå æ§äž
éšå±€ã®é»è·å¯åºŠãæ¬çºæã®ååç©ã®æ·»å ã«ãã€ãŠ
ä¹³å€å±€ããã倧ãããªã€ãŠããããšãäœããã®å
å ããªããŠãããã®ãšèããããã äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒäžã®ïŒ²ã¯ççŽ ååæ°ãïŒã22
åã®èèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºã§ãã€ãŠãçŽéã§ãããã
åæã§ããããåäžé£œåæ§çµåãæããŠããŠãã
ããã®ççŽ ååæ°ã¯å¥œãŸããã¯çŽïŒã18åã§ã
ãã ã®äŸãšããŠãããã«ããªã¯ãã«ãããã«ãã
ãã·ã«ããªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«ããªã©ã®ã¢ã«ãã«åºåã¯ã·
ã¹âïŒâãªã¯ã¿ãã»ãã«åºãªã©ã®ã¢ã«ã±ãã«åºç
ãæããããã ãŸãã¯ãççŽ ååæ°ãïŒã50åãæããã¢ã«
ãã¬ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·åºãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
ãªãã·åºåã¯ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·âã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºã
ãéžã°ããäºäŸ¡åºãå«ãŸãããäŸãã°ããšãã¬
ã³ãããªã¡ãã¬ã³ããªã¯ã¿ã¡ãã¬ã³ããšãã¬ã³ãª
ãã·ãããªãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããªãããã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ããšãã¬ã³ãªãã·âããªã¡ãã¬ã³åºçãæãã
ããã ïŒã§ç€ºãããã«ããªã³åã¯ã«ããªã³æ§æ ¹ã®äŸãš
ããŠã¯ãæ°ŽçŽ ããããªãŠã ãã«ãªãŠã ããªããŠ
ã ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãããªãŠã ãã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã ãççŽ
æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã çãæããã
ãã æ¬çºæã«çšããéåäœã¯äžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãã
ãåäœãå°ãªããšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯å°ãªã
ãšã10ã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãã äžèšã®éåäœã¯å ±éåäœã§ãã€ãŠãåç¬éåäœ
ã§ãã€ãŠããããå ±éåäœã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ãäžè¬
åŒããã§ç€ºãããåäœãçŽïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã95ã¢ã«ïŒ
å«ãã§ãããäžèšã®åäœãçŽ10ã60ã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãå Ž
åããšãã«å¥œãŸãããäžè¬åŒããã§ç€ºãããå
äœãšå ±éåãããåäœã¯äžçš®ã§ãããåäºçš®ä»¥äž
ãçšããããããå ±éåãããåäœã¯ã¡ãã¬ã³åº
ãæãããã³ãŒã³ç°åã¯ã¡ãã¬ã³åºãæãããã
ã¿ã¬ã³ç°ãããªãäºäŸ¡ã®åäœã§ãããäžèšãã³ãŒ
ã³ç°åã¯ããã¿ã¬ã³ç°ã¯çœ®æåºäŸãã°ã¢ã«ãã«åº
ïŒã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ççŽ ååã¯ïŒã22åã奜ãŸããã
äŸãã°ããã«åºããªã¯ãã«åºãããã«åºãããã·
ã«åºããªã¯ã¿ãã·ã«åºãªã©ïŒãããã²ã³ååïŒäŸ
ãã°ãå¡©çŽ ååãèçŽ æ¥åãæ²çŽ ååãªã©ïŒãã
ãããã·åºãã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒã¢ã«ãã«éšåã®ççŽ
ååã¯ïŒã22åã奜ãŸãããäŸãã°ãªã¯ãããã·
åºãããã·ããã·åºãããã·ããã·åºãβâãã
ããã·ãšããã·ãªã©ïŒãããã¢ã«ã³ãã·åºïŒã¢ã«
ãã«éšåã®ççŽ ååã¯ïŒã22åã奜ãŸãããäŸã
ã°Î²âã¯ãã«ãšããã·ãβâããã¢ãšããã·ãª
ã©ïŒãªã©ã眮æãããããå°ããšãïŒåã®çœ®æåº
ã眮æãããŠããããšã奜ãŸããã å ±éåãããåäœã®äŸãšããŠã¯ã
ãåŒã
ãåŒã
ãåŒã
ãåŒã
ãåŒããªã©ãæããããã
äœãR0ã¯ççŽ æ°ïŒã22åã®èèªæçåæ°ŽçŽ åºã
è¡šããã æ¬çºæã«çšããéåäœã®ååéã¯ç¹ã«éå®ãã
ãªããã奜ãŸããã¯çŽ600ãçŽ10000ã§ããããšã
ã«å¥œãŸããã¯900ã5000ã§ããã 次ã«æ¬çºæã«äœ¿çšãã代衚çãªéåäœã®å ·äœäŸ
ã瀺ãã ãŸãåèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ïŒ¢ã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ã¹
ãã¬ã³ãããã¯ãã®èªå°äœããŸãã¯ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãå ±é
åããã¢ãããŒåäœãæãããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒ
ã§è¡šããããéåäœã¯ãã®äžè¬åŒãããæãããª
åŠããšãã¬ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãïŒå以äžæããã¢ã
ããŒãå ±éåããã¢ãããŒåäœãæããããšã¯ãª
ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®éåäœã®å¥œãŸããäŸãšããŠã¯ã
äžèšã®éåäœãããã 以äžã«è¿°ã¹ãååç©ã®äžã§ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡š
ããããåäœãå°ãªããšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãéåäœã
ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ååç©ã¯æ°Žãšæ··åãããææ©æº¶åªã«æº¶
解ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
䜵çšããŠãéæå æ§äžéšå±€çšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã®æ°Ž
溶液äžã«æ¹ææ··åããããšã«ããæ°Žåæ£ç©ãšãã
ããåŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ååç©ã¯éæå æ§äžéšå±€ã«åº
å®ãããä¹³å€å±€ãžç§»åããããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªãã æ°Žãšæ··åãããææ©æº¶åªãšããŠã¯æ°Žãšä»»æã®æ¯
çã§æ··åãããã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãªã©ã®äœ
çŽã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¢ã»ãã³ããžã¡ãã«ãã«ã ã¢ã
ãããžã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãããµã€ããªã©ã®ä»ãééåç
ã§10ïŒ ä»¥äžæ··åãããïœâãã¿ããŒã«ãã¡ãã«ãš
ãã«ã±ãã³ãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§ã±ãã³ãé ¢é žãšãã«ãªã©
ã®äœçŽèèªé žãšã¹ãã«ãªã©ãå«ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã¯æžåå·Ÿã«å¯Ÿããå¹æ
ãšæžåæéã«å¯Ÿããé¿åœ±ã®äž¡é¢ãèæ ®ããŠãåå
ç©æ¯ã«é©å®æ±ºå®ããã¹ãå€ã§ãããäžè¬çã«ã¯é
æå æ§äžéšå±€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã«å¯ŸããŠååç©ã
ïŒã150ééïŒ ãç¹ã«10ã60ééïŒ çšåºŠçšããã
ãšã«ãããæãŸããå¹æãåŸãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ããã補ççšææãšã¯ãåèšã®ããš
ããå°å·å·¥æ¥åéã«ãããŠã網ç¹ç»åãç·ç»åã
åç補çæ³ã«ããå°å·ããéã«çšããææã§ã
ãããã®çš®é¡ã»æ§èœã¯ç¹ã«éå®ãããªãããæã
äžè¬çãªææã¯ãäºããããªã¹ãã€ã«ã ã®åŠã硬
調ææã§ããã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®è£œçææã®æå æ§ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€å±€ã«çšããããããã²ã³åéãšããŠã¯ç¹ã«é
å®ã¯ãªããå¡©èåéãå¡©æ²èåéãæ²èåéãè
åéãçãçšããããšãã§ãããç¹ã«ãå¡©åéã
å°ããšã60ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒå¥œãŸããã¯75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžïŒå«
ã¿ãæ²åéãïŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãå¡©èåéãããã¯
å¡©æ²èåéã奜ãŸãããããã²ã³åéç²åã®åœ¢
æ ãæ¶çããµã€ãºååžçã«ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããç²åŸ
0.7Ό以äžã®ãã®ã奜ãŸããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯å¡©åéé žå¡©ãäžå¡©åéãªã©
ã®ãããªéååç©ãããžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ã®åŠã
貎éå±ã®å¡©ãéå¡©ãšåå¿ããŠç¡«é žéã圢æããã€
ãªãŠååç©ã第äžã¹ãºå¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ã®åŠãéå æ§
ç©è³ªã§ç²åãç²å€§åããªãã§æ床ãäžæãããã
ãšãåºæ¥ãã åãããžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ã®åŠã貎éå±ã®å¡©ã
èµ€è¡å¡©çéååç©ãããã²ã³åéç²åã®ç©ççæ
æãåã¯æ žçææã«ååšããããããšãåºæ¥ãã æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€å±€ãéæå æ§äžéšå±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®
å±€ã«çšãããã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒãšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ãããããã以
å€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«å
åãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³
çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«
ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¡«é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒ
ãã柱ç²èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ã
ããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªã
ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®å
äžãããã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«å
åç©è³ªãçšããããšãã§ããã ãŒã©ãã³ãšããŠã¯ç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ãã³ã®ã»ãé žåŠ
çãŒã©ãã³ãBull.Soc.Scl.Phot.JapanïŒNo.16ïŒ
30é ïŒ1966ïŒã«èšèŒããããããªé µçŽ åŠçãŒã©ã
ã³ãçšããŠããããåãŒã©ãã³ã®å æ°Žå解ç©ãé µ
çŽ å解ç©ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®å±€ã«ã¯ãç±³åœ
ç¹èš±3411911å·ãå3411912å·ãå3142568å·ãå
3325286å·ãå3547650å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â5331çã«èš
èŒãããŠããã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¢ã«ãã«ã¡
ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¯ãªã·ãžã«ã¢ã¯ãª
ã¬ãŒãçã®ãã¢åã¯ã³ããªããŒãããªãããªããŒ
ã©ããã¯ã¹ããåçææã®å¯žåºŠå®å®æ§ã®åäžãè
ç©æ§ã®æ¹è¯ãªã©ã®ç®çã§å«æããããããšãåºæ¥
ãã åçä¹³å€ã®ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠã¯ãïŒâããã
ãã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¢
ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«ãïŒâ
ããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ãã¯ãã
å€ãã®è€çŽ ç°ååç©ãå«æ°Žéååç©ãã¡ã«ã«ãã
ååç©ãªã©ã®ä»ç¹éæ49â81024ãå50â6306ã
å50â19429ãç±³åœç¹èš±3850639å·ã«èšèŒãããŠã
ããããªåœæ¥çã§ããç¥ãããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã¯ã
ã¥ããçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã 硬èå€ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããã¢ã«ãã
ãç³»ååç©ãã±ãã³ååç©ãïŒâããããã·â
ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ãžã³çã®
åå¿æ§ã®ããã²ã³ãæããååç©ãåå¿æ§ãªã¬ã
ã€ã³ãæã€ååç©ïŒäŸãã°ããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ç³»åå
ç©ïŒãâã¡ãããŒã«ååç©ãã¢ãžãªãžã³ååç©ã
ã«ã«ããžã€ããååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãåºæ¥
ãã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯ãå¡åžå©å€ã
åçç¹æ§ã®æ¹è¯ãçã®ç®çã§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ·»å ã
ãããšãåºæ¥ãã çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšããŠã¯ããµããã³ã®åŠã倩ç¶çé¢
掻æ§å€ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãç³»ãã¯ãªã·ããŒã«
ç³»ãªã©ã®ãããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã«ã«ãã³é žãã¹ã«
ãã³é žïŒäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±3415649å·èšèŒã®çé¢æŽ»
æ§å€ïŒãçé žãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
ãªã©ã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã¢ãã
é žé¡ãã¢ããã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®
ç¡«é žåã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«çã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã奜ãŸ
ããçšããããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãååç©
ã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããããšã
ã°ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããããã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãªã
ã·ããããã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãªãã·ããªã©ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®ãå°ããšã10åäœããæ
ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšãæ°Žãèèªæã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãè³éŠæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãèèªé žãææ©ã¢ãã³ã
ããã·ããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ã®æŽ»æ§æ°ŽçŽ ååãå°ããš
ãïŒåæããååç©ãšã®çž®åç©ãããã¯äºçš®ä»¥äž
ã®ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®ãããã¯ã³ããªããŒ
ãªã©ãå å«ãããããªãã¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ãååç©ãšããŠãå ·äœçã«ã¯ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ã ã ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ã ã ïŒã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ïŒ ãšã¹ãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«èèªé žã¢ããé¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ãã³é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã»ãããã¯å ±éåäœ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã°ã©ããéåç© ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã§å¥œãŸããçšããããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãª
ãã·ãååç©ã®å ·äœäŸãããããšæ¬¡ã®åŠãã§ã
ãã ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãååç©äŸ ïŒ HOïŒCH2CH2OïŒ9H ïŒ C12H25OïŒCH2CH2OïŒ15H ïŒ C8H17CHïŒCHC8H16OïŒCH2CH2OïŒ15H ïŒ C11H23COOïŒCH2CH2OïŒ80H ïŒ C11H23CONHïŒCH2CH2OïŒ15H ïŒ C14H29NïŒCH2ïŒïŒCH2CH2OïŒ24H æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åä¹³å€å±€ã«æŒããããã²ã³å
é察芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒãšã®ééæ¯ã¯ãã
ã²ã³åéã«å¯ŸããŠèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒã1/
ïŒä»¥äžã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«æŒãŠãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã¯ïŒå±€ãš
ã¯ãéããïŒå±€åã¯ãã以äžã§ãããã äŸãã°ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãïŒå±€ããæãæã«
ã¯ïŒå±€åèšã§ã®ããã²ã³åéïŒèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã
ãªããŒã1/2以äžã§ããããã€äžå±€ã®æå æ§ä¹³å€
å±€ã®æ¹ãäžå±€ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠããå€ãã®èŠªæ°Žæ§
ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒãå«æããããšããã奜ãŸã
ãã åãããã²ã³åéã®å¡åžéã¯ééæç®ã§ïŒå¹³æ¹
ã¡ãŒãã«åœã1.0ã6.09ãç¹ã«1.5ã4.0ïœã§ããã
ãšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®å¹æã¯ãå¡åžééãå°ãªãå Žåã«ç¹ã«
é¡èã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ã«ã¯ãåèšã®åŠã芪氎
æ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒïŒããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³ïŒã®ä»
ã«ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã垯é»é²æ¢å€ããããå€ãæ»ã
å€ãã³ãã€ãã«ã·ãªã«ããŒã©ãã³å¯å¡åå€ãããª
ããŒã©ããã¯ã¹çãçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã ãããå€ãšããŠã¯ããªã¡ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒ
ããäºé žåã±ã€çŽ ã®0.1ã10ÎŒãç¹ã«ïŒã5ÎŒçšåºŠã®
ç²åã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã®æ¯æäœãšããŠã¯ãããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã ã®åŠãããªãšã¹ã
ã«ãã€ã«ã åã³ã»ã«ããŒã¹ããªã¢ã»ããŒããã€ã«
ã ã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšã¹ãã«ãã€ã«ã ã奜ãŸãã
çšããããã æ¬çºæã«æŒãŠã¯ç»åãåŸãããã®é²å ã¯éåžžã®
æ¹æ³ãçšããŠè¡ãªãã°ãããããªãã¡ãèªç¶å
ïŒæ¥å ïŒãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³é»ç¯ãè¢å ç¯ãæ°Žéç¯ãã
ã»ãã³ãã¢ãŒã¯ç¯ãççŽ ã¢ãŒã¯ç¯ããã»ãã³ãã©
ãã·ãŠç¯ãé°æ¥µç·ç®¡ãã©ã€ã³ã°ã¹ããããªã©å ¬ç¥
ã®å€çš®ã®å æºããããã§ãçšããããšãã§ããã
é²å æéã¯éåžžã«ã¡ã©ã§çšããããïŒïŒ1000ç§ã
ãïŒç§ã®é²å æéã¯ãã¡ãããïŒïŒ1000ç§ããç
ãé²å ãããšãã°ãã»ãã³éå ç¯ãé°æ¥µç·ç®¡ãçš
ããïŒïŒ104ãïŒïŒ106ç§ã®é²å ãçšããããšãã§
ããããïŒç§ããé·ãé²å ãçšããããšãã§ã
ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠè²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒã§é²å ã«çšããã
ãå ã®åå çµæã調ç¯ããããšãã§ãããé²å ã«
ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒå ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯
ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããäžè¬ã«è£œççšææã®åŠçã«çšã
ãããŠãããã®ã¯ãã¥ããçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã
åŠç枩床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã
18âããäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãããã枩床ãšããŠ
ãããã çŸå液ã¯ãç¥ãããŠããçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãããšã
ã§ãããçŸåäž»è¬ãšããŠã¯ããžããããã·ãã³ãŒ
ã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ãã€ããããã³ïŒãïŒâãã©ãŸãª
ãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªã
ã³ïŒãã¢ããããšããŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¡ãã«
âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã
ãã©ãŸãªã³é¡ãã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é žãåã³ç±³åœç¹èš±
4067872å·ã«èšèŒã®ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããã©ãã
ããããªã³ç°ãšã€ã³ãã¬ã³ç°ãšãçž®åãããããª
è€çŽ ç°ååç©é¡ãªã©ãåç¬ãããã¯çµåããŠçšã
ãããšãã§ãããçŸå液ã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãã®ä»å ¬ç¥ã®
ä¿æå€ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãPHç·©è¡å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãª
ã©ãå«ã¿ãããã«å¿ èŠã«å¿ã溶解å©å€ãè²èª¿å€ã
çŸåä¿é²å€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ¶æ³¡å€ã硬氎è»åå€ã
硬èå€ãç²æ§ä»äžå€ãªã©ãå«ãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã«ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããçšããããäºããããªã¹
çšçŸå液ã§ããããããã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯ãªã«ãåã¯
ãã©ãžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãå°éã®
éé¢ã®äºç¡«é žå¡©åã³äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãããã¢ãŒçã
ãæ§æããããçŸåäž»è¬ãšããŠã®ãªã«ãåã¯ãã©
ãžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³ã¯åçã®åéã§ããç¥ãã
ãŠãããã®ããé©å®éžæã§ããããã®å ·äœäŸãæ
ããã°ãã€ããããã³ãã¯ãããã€ããããã³ã
ããã¢ãã€ããããã³ãã€ãœãããã«ãã€ããã
ãã³ããã«ããããããã³ãã¡ãã«ãã€ãããã
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãããã€ããããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã¡ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãªã©ãããã ãã®äžãç¹ã«ãã€ããããã³ãå®çšçã§ããã
ãããã®çŸåäž»è¬ã¯åç¬ãåã¯æ··åããŠçšããã
ããçŸåäž»è¬ã®æ·»å éã¯çŸå液ïŒåœãïŒã100
ïœã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã80ïœã§ãããäºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ã
ããã¢ãŒã¯çŸå液äžã®äºç¡«é žå¡©æ¿åºŠãã»ãŒäžå®ã«
ä¿ã€ã«æå¹ãªéã§çšãããããã«ããªã³äºç¡«é žæ°Ž
çŽ ãããªãŠã ä»å ç©ã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããäºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ
ã¢ã«ã«ãªä»å ç©ãã¢ã»ãã³äºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ãããªãŠã
ä»å ç©ã®åŠãã±ãã³âäºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ã¢ã«ã«ãªä»å
ç©ããœãžãŠã âãã¹ïŒïŒâããããã·ãšãã«ïŒã¢
ããã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãããŒãã®åŠãã«ã«ããã«éäºç¡«
é žâã¢ãã³çž®åçæç©ãªã©ãæãããããäºç¡«é ž
ã€ãªã³ãããã¢ãŒã®äœ¿çšéã¯çŸå液ïŒåœã13ã
130ïœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããçŸå液ã«ã¯äºç¡«é žãããªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®äºç¡«é žã¢ã«ã«ãªå¡©ãå ããŠéé¢äºç¡«é žã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠãå¶åŸ¡ããããšãã§ãããäºç¡«é žå¡©ã®æ·»
å éã¯ãçŸå液ïŒåœãéåžžïŒïœä»¥äžãäžè¬çã§
ãããç¹ã«ãïŒïœä»¥äžã奜ãŸãããããã¡ããïŒ
ïœããå€ããŠãããã å€ãã®å Žåãããã²ã³åã¢ã«ã«ãªïŒç¹ã«ãèå
ãããªãŠã ãèåã«ãªãŠã ã®åŠãèåç©ïŒãçŸå
調ç¯å€ãšããŠå«æããããšã奜ãŸãããããã²ã³
åã¢ã«ã«ãªã¯çŸå液ïŒåœã0.01ã10ïœã奜ãŸã
ãã¯0.1ãïŒïœæ·»å ããããšã奜ãŸããã çŸå液äžã®PHãïŒä»¥äžïŒç¹ã«PH9.7ã11.5ïŒã«
ããçºã«ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãæ·»å ããããéåžžã®çŸå
液ã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãšããŠçé žãããªãŠã ãããã¯
çé žã«ãªãŠã ãçšãããããŸããã®æ·»å éãçš®ã
ãªãã®ãããã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ããã å®çå€ãšããŠã¯ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©
ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æãç¥ãããŠããææ©
ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ããã å®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠã å¡©
ãå«ãã§ããããè²çŽ åã圢æãããå Žåã«ã¯ã
åžžæ³ãé©çšã§ããã çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãæäœæ¥ã«ãã€ãŠãã
ããåãèªåçŸåæ©ãçšããŠè¡ã€ãŠããããèªå
çŸåæ©ã§åŠçããå Žåãæ¬éã®æ¹æ³ïŒäŸãã°ããŒ
ã©ãŒæ¬éããã«ãæ¬éïŒãšãã«ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãã
åœæ¥çã§çšããããŠããæ¬éåèªåçŸåæ©ãçšã
ãããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ä»ãåŠç液çµæãçŸåæ¹æ³
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±3025779å·ãå3078024å·ã
å3122086å·ãå3149551å·ãå3156173å·ãå
3224356å·ãå3573914å·ãªã©ã®èšèŒãåèã«ãã
ããšãåºæ¥ãã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãã
ã®ä»ã®å±€ãæ¯æäœåã³åŠçæ¹æ³çã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã
ã«ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒèª176å·»22ã
28é ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã®èšèŒãåèã«ããããšãã§
ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããæžå液ã«é¢ããŠã¯ç¹ã«å¶é
ã¯ãªããäŸãã°ãããŒãºèãThe Theory of
the Photographic Processã738ã739ããŒãž
ïŒ1954幎ãMacmillan瀟åïŒãç¢éå²å€«èãåç
åŠç ãã®çè«ãšå®éã166ã169é ïŒ1978幎ãå ±
ç«åºçïŒãªã©ã®æèã®ã»ãç¹éæ50â27543å·ã
å51â140733å·ãå52â68429å·ãå53â14901
å·ãå54â119236å·ãå54â119237å·ãå55â
2245å·ãå55â2244å·ãå55â17123å·ãå55â
79444å·ãå55â81344å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒããããã®ã
䜿çšã§ããã å³ã¡ãé žåå€ãšããŠãéãã³ã¬ã³é žå¡©ãéç¡«é ž
å¡©ã第äºéå¡©ã第äºé å¡©ã第äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©ãèµ€è¡
å¡©ãéã¯ãã é žå¡©ãªã©ãåç¬æãã¯äœµçšããæŽã«
å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠç¡«é žãªã©ã®ç¡æ©é žãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ã
å«æããããæžå液ãæãã¯èµ€è¡å¡©ããšãã¬ã³ãž
ã¢ãã³åé ¢é žç¬¬äºéå¡©ãªã©ã®é žåå€ãšãããªç¡«é ž
å¡©ãããã³å¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ æãã¯ãããã®èªå°äœãª
ã©ã®ããã²ã³åé溶å€ããã³å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠç¡«é žãª
ã©ã®ç¡æ©é žãå«æããããæžå液ãªã©ãçšããã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããæžå液ã®ä»£è¡šçãªäŸ
ãšããŠã¯æè¬ãã¢ãŒããŒæžå液ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ã
ã³åé ¢é žç¬¬äºéå¡©æžå液ãéãã³ã¬ã³é žã«ãªã»é
ç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã æžå液ïŒã³ããã¯ïŒ²âïŒïŒã第
äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå液ãæããããã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã¯ç¹ã«ç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå
液ã«ããæžååŠçã«æå¹ã§ãããããæ¯æ§ã®ãã
èµ€è¡å¡©ãå«ãæžå液ã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããªããªãæ
å©ã§ããã 第äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå液ã¯ç¡«é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ãé ¢
é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ãç¡é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãç¡é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ã«ãªãŠã ãªã©ã®ç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠ
ã å¡©ãéåžžæžå液ïŒãªããã«åœãã10ã130ïœã
ç¹ã«20ã70ïœãåã³ãé žïŒææ©é žãç¡æ©é žã®ãã
ãã§ããããäŸãã°ç¡«é žãç¡é žããªã³é žãé ¢é žãª
ã©ãããã奜ãŸãã䜿çšéã¯æžå液ïŒãªããã«åœ
ã1.0èŠå®ä»¥äžã§ããïŒãå«æããæŽã«å¿ èŠã«å¿
ããŠãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãã
ååç©ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå¢ç²å€ïŒäŸãã°ããããã·
ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ïŒãªã©ãå«æãããããã®ã§ã
ãã æžååŠçã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯10床ã40床ãç¹
ã«15床ã30床ã®æž©åºŠã§ãæ°ç§ãªããæ°10åç¹
ã«æ°åå ã®æéã§çµäºã§ããããšã奜ãŸãããæ¬
çºæã®è£œççšææãçšããã°ãã®æ¡ä»¶ã®ç¯å²å ã§
ååã«åºãæžåå·ŸãåŸãããšãã§ããã æžå液ã¯æ¬çºæã®ååç©ãå«ãéæå æ§äžéšå±€
ãä»ããŠä¹³å€å±€äžã«åœ¢æãããŠããéç»åã«äœçš
ãããã å ·äœçã«ã¯çš®ã ã®ããæ¹ããããäŸãã°æžå液
äžã«è£œççšææã浞ãããŠæ¶²ãæ¹æããããæžå
液ãçãå·æ¯ãããŒã©ãŒãªã©ã«ãã€ãŠè£œççšææ
ã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€åŽã®è¡šé¢ã«ä»äžãããªã©ã®æ¹æ³
ãå©çšã§ããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæ²ãæ¬çºæãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 80ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®å¡©åéã19.5ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³
ãã®èåéã0.5ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®æ²åéãããª
ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãåžžæ³ã«ããéå¢æåã³ã€ãª
ã³å¢æããŠèª¿è£œããããã®ä¹³å€ã«å«ãŸãããŒã©ã
ã³ã¯ããã²ã³åéã«å¯ŸããŠ45ééããŒã»ã³ãã§ã
ã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã«ïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«âïŒâãïŒâ
ïŒïŒâãšãã«ãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒãšããªãã³ãã
ãŒããã³ïŒåå å¢æå€ïŒãïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ïŒå®å®å€ïŒããšã
ã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåºã50åå«ãã§ããããªãªãã·ãš
ãã¬ã³ããã«ããšãã«ãšãŒãã«ãç¹å ¬æ45â5331
å·ã®è£œé åŠæ¹ïŒã«èšèŒã®ããªããŒã©ããã¯ã¹ãé
次å ããåŸã硬èå€ãšããŠïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãšãã¬ã³âã
ã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ã¿ããïŒãäžèšã®éå
ããŠæå æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€çšå¡åžæ¶²ãäœã€
ãã äžæ¹ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æ¬çºæã®ååç©ãè¡šïŒ
ã«ç€ºãéãå ããŠéæå æ§äžéšå±€çšå¡åžæ¶²ãäœã€
ãã äž¡å¡åžæ¶²ãçšããŠããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒã
ãã€ã«ã ããŒã¹äžã«éå±€å¡åžãè©Šæãäœæããã
å¡åžãããééã¯ïŒå¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«åœã2.6ïœãé
æå æ§äžéšå±€ã®ãŒã©ãã³å¡åžéã¯ïŒå¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«
åœã1.0ïœã§ããã
è¡šããã æ¬çºæã«çšããéåäœã®ååéã¯ç¹ã«éå®ãã
ãªããã奜ãŸããã¯çŽ600ãçŽ10000ã§ããããšã
ã«å¥œãŸããã¯900ã5000ã§ããã 次ã«æ¬çºæã«äœ¿çšãã代衚çãªéåäœã®å ·äœäŸ
ã瀺ãã ãŸãåèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®ïŒ¢ã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯ã¹
ãã¬ã³ãããã¯ãã®èªå°äœããŸãã¯ã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããã¯ã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žã®ã¢ã«ãã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ãå ±é
åããã¢ãããŒåäœãæãããããäžè¬åŒïŒïŒ
ã§è¡šããããéåäœã¯ãã®äžè¬åŒãããæãããª
åŠããšãã¬ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãïŒå以äžæããã¢ã
ããŒãå ±éåããã¢ãããŒåäœãæããããšã¯ãª
ãã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã®éåäœã®å¥œãŸããäŸãšããŠã¯ã
äžèšã®éåäœãããã 以äžã«è¿°ã¹ãååç©ã®äžã§ã¯äžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡š
ããããåäœãå°ãªããšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãéåäœã
ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ååç©ã¯æ°Žãšæ··åãããææ©æº¶åªã«æº¶
解ããããã®æº¶æ¶²ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã
䜵çšããŠãéæå æ§äžéšå±€çšèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã®æ°Ž
溶液äžã«æ¹ææ··åããããšã«ããæ°Žåæ£ç©ãšãã
ããåŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ååç©ã¯éæå æ§äžéšå±€ã«åº
å®ãããä¹³å€å±€ãžç§»åããããšã¯ã»ãšãã©ãªãã æ°Žãšæ··åãããææ©æº¶åªãšããŠã¯æ°Žãšä»»æã®æ¯
çã§æ··åãããã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãªã©ã®äœ
çŽã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¢ã»ãã³ããžã¡ãã«ãã«ã ã¢ã
ãããžã¡ãã«ã¹ã«ãããµã€ããªã©ã®ä»ãééåç
ã§10ïŒ ä»¥äžæ··åãããïœâãã¿ããŒã«ãã¡ãã«ãš
ãã«ã±ãã³ãªã©ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§ã±ãã³ãé ¢é žãšãã«ãªã©
ã®äœçŽèèªé žãšã¹ãã«ãªã©ãå«ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®ååç©ã®äœ¿çšéã¯æžåå·Ÿã«å¯Ÿããå¹æ
ãšæžåæéã«å¯Ÿããé¿åœ±ã®äž¡é¢ãèæ ®ããŠãåå
ç©æ¯ã«é©å®æ±ºå®ããã¹ãå€ã§ãããäžè¬çã«ã¯é
æå æ§äžéšå±€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã«å¯ŸããŠååç©ã
ïŒã150ééïŒ ãç¹ã«10ã60ééïŒ çšåºŠçšããã
ãšã«ãããæãŸããå¹æãåŸãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ããã補ççšææãšã¯ãåèšã®ããš
ããå°å·å·¥æ¥åéã«ãããŠã網ç¹ç»åãç·ç»åã
åç補çæ³ã«ããå°å·ããéã«çšããææã§ã
ãããã®çš®é¡ã»æ§èœã¯ç¹ã«éå®ãããªãããæã
äžè¬çãªææã¯ãäºããããªã¹ãã€ã«ã ã®åŠã硬
調ææã§ããã åŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®è£œçææã®æå æ§ããã²ã³åé
ä¹³å€å±€ã«çšããããããã²ã³åéãšããŠã¯ç¹ã«é
å®ã¯ãªããå¡©èåéãå¡©æ²èåéãæ²èåéãè
åéãçãçšããããšãã§ãããç¹ã«ãå¡©åéã
å°ããšã60ã¢ã«ïŒ ïŒå¥œãŸããã¯75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžïŒå«
ã¿ãæ²åéãïŒãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãå¡©èåéãããã¯
å¡©æ²èåéã奜ãŸãããããã²ã³åéç²åã®åœ¢
æ ãæ¶çããµã€ãºååžçã«ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããç²åŸ
0.7Ό以äžã®ãã®ã奜ãŸããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã¯å¡©åéé žå¡©ãäžå¡©åéãªã©
ã®ãããªéååç©ãããžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ã®åŠã
貎éå±ã®å¡©ãéå¡©ãšåå¿ããŠç¡«é žéã圢æããã€
ãªãŠååç©ã第äžã¹ãºå¡©ãã¢ãã³é¡ã®åŠãéå æ§
ç©è³ªã§ç²åãç²å€§åããªãã§æ床ãäžæãããã
ãšãåºæ¥ãã åãããžãŠã ãã€ãªãžãŠã ã®åŠã貎éå±ã®å¡©ã
èµ€è¡å¡©çéååç©ãããã²ã³åéç²åã®ç©ççæ
æãåã¯æ žçææã«ååšããããããšãåºæ¥ãã æ¬çºæã®ä¹³å€å±€ãéæå æ§äžéšå±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®
å±€ã«çšãããã芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒãšããŠ
ã¯ããŒã©ãã³ãçšããã®ãæå©ã§ãããããã以
å€ã®èŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããšãã§ããã ããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³èªå°äœããŒã©ãã³ãšä»ã®é«å
åãšã®ã°ã©ããããªããŒãã¢ã«ããã³ãã«ãŒã€ã³
çã®èçœè³ªïŒããããã·ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã«ã«
ããã·ã¡ãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ãã»ã«ããŒã¹ç¡«é žãšã¹ã
ã«é¡çã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹èªå°äœãã¢ã«ã®ã³é žãœãŒ
ãã柱ç²èªå°äœãªã©ã®ç³èªå°äœïŒããªããã«ã¢ã«
ã³ãŒã«ãããªããã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«éšåã¢ã»ã¿ãŒã«ã
ããªââããã«ãããªãã³ãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«é žã
ããªã¡ã¿ã¯ãªã«é žãããªã¢ã¯ãªã«ã¢ãããããªã
ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«ãããªããã«ãã©ãŸãŒã«çã®å
äžãããã¯å ±éåäœã®åŠãå€çš®ã®åæ芪氎æ§é«å
åç©è³ªãçšããããšãã§ããã ãŒã©ãã³ãšããŠã¯ç³ç°åŠçãŒã©ãã³ã®ã»ãé žåŠ
çãŒã©ãã³ãBull.Soc.Scl.Phot.JapanïŒNo.16ïŒ
30é ïŒ1966ïŒã«èšèŒããããããªé µçŽ åŠçãŒã©ã
ã³ãçšããŠããããåãŒã©ãã³ã®å æ°Žå解ç©ãé µ
çŽ å解ç©ãçšããããšãã§ããã ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€åã¯ãã®ä»ã®å±€ã«ã¯ãç±³åœ
ç¹èš±3411911å·ãå3411912å·ãå3142568å·ãå
3325286å·ãå3547650å·ãç¹å ¬æ45â5331çã«èš
èŒãããŠããã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¢ã«ãã«ã¡
ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒããã¢ã¯ãªã«é žãã¯ãªã·ãžã«ã¢ã¯ãª
ã¬ãŒãçã®ãã¢åã¯ã³ããªããŒãããªãããªããŒ
ã©ããã¯ã¹ããåçææã®å¯žåºŠå®å®æ§ã®åäžãè
ç©æ§ã®æ¹è¯ãªã©ã®ç®çã§å«æããããããšãåºæ¥
ãã åçä¹³å€ã®ã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãšããŠã¯ãïŒâããã
ãã·âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒïŒïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¢
ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ãïŒâã¡ãã«ãã³ãŸãã¢ãŸãŒã«ãïŒâ
ããšãã«âïŒâã¡ã«ã«ããããã©ãŸãŒã«ãã¯ãã
å€ãã®è€çŽ ç°ååç©ãå«æ°Žéååç©ãã¡ã«ã«ãã
ååç©ãªã©ã®ä»ç¹éæ49â81024ãå50â6306ã
å50â19429ãç±³åœç¹èš±3850639å·ã«èšèŒãããŠã
ããããªåœæ¥çã§ããç¥ãããã«ããªé²æ¢å€ã¯ã
ã¥ããçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã 硬èå€ãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãããã¢ã«ãã
ãç³»ååç©ãã±ãã³ååç©ãïŒâããããã·â
ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ããâïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããªã¢ãžã³çã®
åå¿æ§ã®ããã²ã³ãæããååç©ãåå¿æ§ãªã¬ã
ã€ã³ãæã€ååç©ïŒäŸãã°ããã«ã¹ã«ãã³ç³»åå
ç©ïŒãâã¡ãããŒã«ååç©ãã¢ãžãªãžã³ååç©ã
ã«ã«ããžã€ããååç©ãªã©ãçšããããšãåºæ¥
ãã æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã«ã¯ãå¡åžå©å€ã
åçç¹æ§ã®æ¹è¯ãçã®ç®çã§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ·»å ã
ãããšãåºæ¥ãã çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãšããŠã¯ããµããã³ã®åŠã倩ç¶çé¢
掻æ§å€ãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãç³»ãã¯ãªã·ããŒã«
ç³»ãªã©ã®ãããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã«ã«ãã³é žãã¹ã«
ãã³é žïŒäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±3415649å·èšèŒã®çé¢æŽ»
æ§å€ïŒãçé žãç¡«é žãšã¹ãã«åºãçé žãšã¹ãã«åº
ãªã©ã®é žæ§åºãå«ãã¢ããªã³çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãã¢ãã
é žé¡ãã¢ããã¹ã«ãã³é žé¡ãã¢ããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®
ç¡«é žåã¯çé žãšã¹ãã«çã®äž¡æ§çé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã奜ãŸ
ããçšããããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãååç©
ã¯ãççŽ æ°ïŒãïŒã®ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããããšã
ã°ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãããããã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãªã
ã·ããããã¬ã³âïŒïŒïŒâãªãã·ããªã©ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯ãšãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®ãå°ããšã10åäœããæ
ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ããšãæ°Žãèèªæã¢ã«ã³
ãŒã«ãè³éŠæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãèèªé žãææ©ã¢ãã³ã
ããã·ããŒã«èªå°äœãªã©ã®æŽ»æ§æ°ŽçŽ ååãå°ããš
ãïŒåæããååç©ãšã®çž®åç©ãããã¯äºçš®ä»¥äž
ã®ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãã®ãããã¯ã³ããªããŒ
ãªã©ãå å«ãããããªãã¡ãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªã
ã·ãååç©ãšããŠãå ·äœçã«ã¯ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ã«ãã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ã ã ã¢ãªãŒã«ãšãŒãã«é¡ ã ã ïŒã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ïŒ ãšã¹ãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ãšã¹ãã«é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«èèªé žã¢ããé¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã¢ãã³é¡ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã»ãããã¯å ±éåäœ ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ã°ã©ããéåç© ãªã©ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã§å¥œãŸããçšããããããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãª
ãã·ãååç©ã®å ·äœäŸãããããšæ¬¡ã®åŠãã§ã
ãã ããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·ãååç©äŸ ïŒ HOïŒCH2CH2OïŒ9H ïŒ C12H25OïŒCH2CH2OïŒ15H ïŒ C8H17CHïŒCHC8H16OïŒCH2CH2OïŒ15H ïŒ C11H23COOïŒCH2CH2OïŒ80H ïŒ C11H23CONHïŒCH2CH2OïŒ15H ïŒ C14H29NïŒCH2ïŒïŒCH2CH2OïŒ24H æ¬çºæã®ããã²ã³åä¹³å€å±€ã«æŒããããã²ã³å
é察芪氎æ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒãšã®ééæ¯ã¯ãã
ã²ã³åéã«å¯ŸããŠèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒã1/
ïŒä»¥äžã§ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«æŒãŠãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ã¯ïŒå±€ãš
ã¯ãéããïŒå±€åã¯ãã以äžã§ãããã äŸãã°ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãïŒå±€ããæãæã«
ã¯ïŒå±€åèšã§ã®ããã²ã³åéïŒèŠªæ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ãã
ãªããŒã1/2以äžã§ããããã€äžå±€ã®æå æ§ä¹³å€
å±€ã®æ¹ãäžå±€ã®ä¹³å€å±€ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠããå€ãã®èŠªæ°Žæ§
ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒãå«æããããšããã奜ãŸã
ãã åãããã²ã³åéã®å¡åžéã¯ééæç®ã§ïŒå¹³æ¹
ã¡ãŒãã«åœã1.0ã6.09ãç¹ã«1.5ã4.0ïœã§ããã
ãšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®å¹æã¯ãå¡åžééãå°ãªãå Žåã«ç¹ã«
é¡èã«ãªãã æ¬çºæã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ã«ã¯ãåèšã®åŠã芪氎
æ§ã³ãã€ããã€ã³ããŒïŒããšãã°ãŒã©ãã³ïŒã®ä»
ã«ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ã垯é»é²æ¢å€ããããå€ãæ»ã
å€ãã³ãã€ãã«ã·ãªã«ããŒã©ãã³å¯å¡åå€ãããª
ããŒã©ããã¯ã¹çãçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã ãããå€ãšããŠã¯ããªã¡ãã«ã¡ã¿ã¢ã¯ãªã¬ãŒ
ããäºé žåã±ã€çŽ ã®0.1ã10ÎŒãç¹ã«ïŒã5ÎŒçšåºŠã®
ç²åã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã®æ¯æäœãšããŠã¯ãããªãš
ãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒããã€ã«ã ã®åŠãããªãšã¹ã
ã«ãã€ã«ã åã³ã»ã«ããŒã¹ããªã¢ã»ããŒããã€ã«
ã ã®åŠãã»ã«ããŒã¹ãšã¹ãã«ãã€ã«ã ã奜ãŸãã
çšããããã æ¬çºæã«æŒãŠã¯ç»åãåŸãããã®é²å ã¯éåžžã®
æ¹æ³ãçšããŠè¡ãªãã°ãããããªãã¡ãèªç¶å
ïŒæ¥å ïŒãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³é»ç¯ãè¢å ç¯ãæ°Žéç¯ãã
ã»ãã³ãã¢ãŒã¯ç¯ãççŽ ã¢ãŒã¯ç¯ããã»ãã³ãã©
ãã·ãŠç¯ãé°æ¥µç·ç®¡ãã©ã€ã³ã°ã¹ããããªã©å ¬ç¥
ã®å€çš®ã®å æºããããã§ãçšããããšãã§ããã
é²å æéã¯éåžžã«ã¡ã©ã§çšããããïŒïŒ1000ç§ã
ãïŒç§ã®é²å æéã¯ãã¡ãããïŒïŒ1000ç§ããç
ãé²å ãããšãã°ãã»ãã³éå ç¯ãé°æ¥µç·ç®¡ãçš
ããïŒïŒ104ãïŒïŒ106ç§ã®é²å ãçšããããšãã§
ããããïŒç§ããé·ãé²å ãçšããããšãã§ã
ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠè²ãã€ã«ã¿ãŒã§é²å ã«çšããã
ãå ã®åå çµæã調ç¯ããããšãã§ãããé²å ã«
ã¬ãŒã¶ãŒå ãçšããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ã«é¢ããŠã¯
ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªããäžè¬ã«è£œççšææã®åŠçã«çšã
ãããŠãããã®ã¯ãã¥ããçšããããšãåºæ¥ãã
åŠç枩床ã¯æ®é18âãã50âã®éã«éžã°ãããã
18âããäœã枩床ãŸãã¯50âãããã枩床ãšããŠ
ãããã çŸå液ã¯ãç¥ãããŠããçŸåäž»è¬ãå«ãããšã
ã§ãããçŸåäž»è¬ãšããŠã¯ããžããããã·ãã³ãŒ
ã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ãã€ããããã³ïŒãïŒâãã©ãŸãª
ãã³é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒâããšãã«âïŒâãã©ãŸãªã
ã³ïŒãã¢ããããšããŒã«é¡ïŒããšãã°ïŒ®âã¡ãã«
âïœâã¢ããããšããŒã«ïŒãïŒâããšãã«âïŒâã
ãã©ãŸãªã³é¡ãã¢ã¹ã³ã«ãã³é žãåã³ç±³åœç¹èš±
4067872å·ã«èšèŒã®ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâããã©ãã
ããããªã³ç°ãšã€ã³ãã¬ã³ç°ãšãçž®åãããããª
è€çŽ ç°ååç©é¡ãªã©ãåç¬ãããã¯çµåããŠçšã
ãããšãã§ãããçŸå液ã«ã¯äžè¬ã«ãã®ä»å ¬ç¥ã®
ä¿æå€ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãPHç·©è¡å€ãã«ããªé²æ¢å€ãª
ã©ãå«ã¿ãããã«å¿ èŠã«å¿ã溶解å©å€ãè²èª¿å€ã
çŸåä¿é²å€ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãæ¶æ³¡å€ã硬氎è»åå€ã
硬èå€ãç²æ§ä»äžå€ãªã©ãå«ãã§ãããã æ¬çºæã«ç¹ã«å¥œãŸããçšããããäºããããªã¹
çšçŸå液ã§ããããããã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯ãªã«ãåã¯
ãã©ãžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãå°éã®
éé¢ã®äºç¡«é žå¡©åã³äºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ãããã¢ãŒçã
ãæ§æããããçŸåäž»è¬ãšããŠã®ãªã«ãåã¯ãã©
ãžããããã·ãã³ãŒã³ã¯åçã®åéã§ããç¥ãã
ãŠãããã®ããé©å®éžæã§ããããã®å ·äœäŸãæ
ããã°ãã€ããããã³ãã¯ãããã€ããããã³ã
ããã¢ãã€ããããã³ãã€ãœãããã«ãã€ããã
ãã³ããã«ããããããã³ãã¡ãã«ãã€ãããã
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¯ãããã€ããããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžã¡ãã«ãã€ããããã³ãªã©ãããã ãã®äžãç¹ã«ãã€ããããã³ãå®çšçã§ããã
ãããã®çŸåäž»è¬ã¯åç¬ãåã¯æ··åããŠçšããã
ããçŸåäž»è¬ã®æ·»å éã¯çŸå液ïŒåœãïŒã100
ïœã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã80ïœã§ãããäºç¡«é žã€ãªã³ã
ããã¢ãŒã¯çŸå液äžã®äºç¡«é žå¡©æ¿åºŠãã»ãŒäžå®ã«
ä¿ã€ã«æå¹ãªéã§çšãããããã«ããªã³äºç¡«é žæ°Ž
çŽ ãããªãŠã ä»å ç©ã®åŠãã¢ã«ãããäºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ
ã¢ã«ã«ãªä»å ç©ãã¢ã»ãã³äºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ãããªãŠã
ä»å ç©ã®åŠãã±ãã³âäºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ã¢ã«ã«ãªä»å
ç©ããœãžãŠã âãã¹ïŒïŒâããããã·ãšãã«ïŒã¢
ããã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ãããŒãã®åŠãã«ã«ããã«éäºç¡«
é žâã¢ãã³çž®åçæç©ãªã©ãæãããããäºç¡«é ž
ã€ãªã³ãããã¢ãŒã®äœ¿çšéã¯çŸå液ïŒåœã13ã
130ïœã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããçŸå液ã«ã¯äºç¡«é žãããªãŠ
ã ãªã©ã®äºç¡«é žã¢ã«ã«ãªå¡©ãå ããŠéé¢äºç¡«é žã€
ãªã³æ¿åºŠãå¶åŸ¡ããããšãã§ãããäºç¡«é žå¡©ã®æ·»
å éã¯ãçŸå液ïŒåœãéåžžïŒïœä»¥äžãäžè¬çã§
ãããç¹ã«ãïŒïœä»¥äžã奜ãŸãããããã¡ããïŒ
ïœããå€ããŠãããã å€ãã®å Žåãããã²ã³åã¢ã«ã«ãªïŒç¹ã«ãèå
ãããªãŠã ãèåã«ãªãŠã ã®åŠãèåç©ïŒãçŸå
調ç¯å€ãšããŠå«æããããšã奜ãŸãããããã²ã³
åã¢ã«ã«ãªã¯çŸå液ïŒåœã0.01ã10ïœã奜ãŸã
ãã¯0.1ãïŒïœæ·»å ããããšã奜ãŸããã çŸå液äžã®PHãïŒä»¥äžïŒç¹ã«PH9.7ã11.5ïŒã«
ããçºã«ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãæ·»å ããããéåžžã®çŸå
液ã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªå€ãšããŠçé žãããªãŠã ãããã¯
çé žã«ãªãŠã ãçšãããããŸããã®æ·»å éãçš®ã
ãªãã®ãããã å®ç液ãšããŠã¯äžè¬ã«çšããããçµæã®ãã®ã
çšããããšãã§ããã å®çå€ãšããŠã¯ãããªç¡«é žå¡©ãããªã·ã¢ã³é žå¡©
ã®ã»ããå®çå€ãšããŠã®å¹æãç¥ãããŠããææ©
ç¡«é»ååç©ãçšããããšãã§ããã å®ç液ã«ã¯ç¡¬èå€ãšããŠæ°Žæº¶æ§ã¢ã«ãããŠã å¡©
ãå«ãã§ããããè²çŽ åã圢æãããå Žåã«ã¯ã
åžžæ³ãé©çšã§ããã çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ãšããŠã¯ãæäœæ¥ã«ãã€ãŠãã
ããåãèªåçŸåæ©ãçšããŠè¡ã€ãŠããããèªå
çŸåæ©ã§åŠçããå Žåãæ¬éã®æ¹æ³ïŒäŸãã°ããŒ
ã©ãŒæ¬éããã«ãæ¬éïŒãšãã«ç¹ã«å¶éã¯ãªãã
åœæ¥çã§çšããããŠããæ¬éåèªåçŸåæ©ãçšã
ãããšãåºæ¥ãããã®ä»ãåŠç液çµæãçŸåæ¹æ³
ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãç±³åœç¹èš±3025779å·ãå3078024å·ã
å3122086å·ãå3149551å·ãå3156173å·ãå
3224356å·ãå3573914å·ãªã©ã®èšèŒãåèã«ãã
ããšãåºæ¥ãã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã®ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãã
ã®ä»ã®å±€ãæ¯æäœåã³åŠçæ¹æ³çã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã
ã«ããªãµãŒãã»ãã€ã¹ã¯ããŒãžã€ãŒèª176å·»22ã
28é ïŒ1978幎12æïŒã®èšèŒãåèã«ããããšãã§
ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããæžå液ã«é¢ããŠã¯ç¹ã«å¶é
ã¯ãªããäŸãã°ãããŒãºèãThe Theory of
the Photographic Processã738ã739ããŒãž
ïŒ1954幎ãMacmillan瀟åïŒãç¢éå²å€«èãåç
åŠç ãã®çè«ãšå®éã166ã169é ïŒ1978幎ãå ±
ç«åºçïŒãªã©ã®æèã®ã»ãç¹éæ50â27543å·ã
å51â140733å·ãå52â68429å·ãå53â14901
å·ãå54â119236å·ãå54â119237å·ãå55â
2245å·ãå55â2244å·ãå55â17123å·ãå55â
79444å·ãå55â81344å·ãªã©ã«èšèŒããããã®ã
䜿çšã§ããã å³ã¡ãé žåå€ãšããŠãéãã³ã¬ã³é žå¡©ãéç¡«é ž
å¡©ã第äºéå¡©ã第äºé å¡©ã第äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©ãèµ€è¡
å¡©ãéã¯ãã é žå¡©ãªã©ãåç¬æãã¯äœµçšããæŽã«
å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠç¡«é žãªã©ã®ç¡æ©é žãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ã
å«æããããæžå液ãæãã¯èµ€è¡å¡©ããšãã¬ã³ãž
ã¢ãã³åé ¢é žç¬¬äºéå¡©ãªã©ã®é žåå€ãšãããªç¡«é ž
å¡©ãããã³å¡©ãããªå°¿çŽ æãã¯ãããã®èªå°äœãª
ã©ã®ããã²ã³åé溶å€ããã³å¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠç¡«é žãª
ã©ã®ç¡æ©é žãå«æããããæžå液ãªã©ãçšããã
ãã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠäœ¿çšãããæžå液ã®ä»£è¡šçãªäŸ
ãšããŠã¯æè¬ãã¢ãŒããŒæžå液ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ã
ã³åé ¢é žç¬¬äºéå¡©æžå液ãéãã³ã¬ã³é žã«ãªã»é
ç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã æžå液ïŒã³ããã¯ïŒ²âïŒïŒã第
äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå液ãæããããã æ¬çºæã®è£œççšææã¯ç¹ã«ç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå
液ã«ããæžååŠçã«æå¹ã§ãããããæ¯æ§ã®ãã
èµ€è¡å¡©ãå«ãæžå液ã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããªããªãæ
å©ã§ããã 第äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå液ã¯ç¡«é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ãé ¢
é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ãç¡é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ã¢ã³ã¢ããŠ
ã ãç¡é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã ã«ãªãŠã ãªã©ã®ç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠ
ã å¡©ãéåžžæžå液ïŒãªããã«åœãã10ã130ïœã
ç¹ã«20ã70ïœãåã³ãé žïŒææ©é žãç¡æ©é žã®ãã
ãã§ããããäŸãã°ç¡«é žãç¡é žããªã³é žãé ¢é žãª
ã©ãããã奜ãŸãã䜿çšéã¯æžå液ïŒãªããã«åœ
ã1.0èŠå®ä»¥äžã§ããïŒãå«æããæŽã«å¿ èŠã«å¿
ããŠãã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«é¡ãã°ãªã³ãŒã«é¡ãã¡ã«ã«ãã
ååç©ãçé¢æŽ»æ§å€ãå¢ç²å€ïŒäŸãã°ããããã·
ãšãã«ã»ã«ããŒã¹ïŒãªã©ãå«æãããããã®ã§ã
ãã æžååŠçã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯äžè¬ã«ã¯10床ã40床ãç¹
ã«15床ã30床ã®æž©åºŠã§ãæ°ç§ãªããæ°10åç¹
ã«æ°åå ã®æéã§çµäºã§ããããšã奜ãŸãããæ¬
çºæã®è£œççšææãçšããã°ãã®æ¡ä»¶ã®ç¯å²å ã§
ååã«åºãæžåå·ŸãåŸãããšãã§ããã æžå液ã¯æ¬çºæã®ååç©ãå«ãéæå æ§äžéšå±€
ãä»ããŠä¹³å€å±€äžã«åœ¢æãããŠããéç»åã«äœçš
ãããã å ·äœçã«ã¯çš®ã ã®ããæ¹ããããäŸãã°æžå液
äžã«è£œççšææã浞ãããŠæ¶²ãæ¹æããããæžå
液ãçãå·æ¯ãããŒã©ãŒãªã©ã«ãã€ãŠè£œççšææ
ã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€åŽã®è¡šé¢ã«ä»äžãããªã©ã®æ¹æ³
ãå©çšã§ããã 以äžã«å®æœäŸãæ²ãæ¬çºæãæŽã«è©³çŽ°ã«èª¬æã
ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 80ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®å¡©åéã19.5ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³
ãã®èåéã0.5ã¢ã«ããŒã»ã³ãã®æ²åéãããª
ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ãåžžæ³ã«ããéå¢æåã³ã€ãª
ã³å¢æããŠèª¿è£œããããã®ä¹³å€ã«å«ãŸãããŒã©ã
ã³ã¯ããã²ã³åéã«å¯ŸããŠ45ééããŒã»ã³ãã§ã
ã€ãã ãã®ä¹³å€ã«ïŒâã«ã«ããã·ã¡ãã«âïŒâãïŒâ
ïŒïŒâãšãã«ãã¢ãŸãªããªãã³ïŒãšããªãã³ãã
ãŒããã³ïŒåå å¢æå€ïŒãïŒâããããã·âïŒïŒ
ïŒïŒ3aïŒïŒâããã©ã¶ã€ã³ãã³ïŒå®å®å€ïŒããšã
ã¬ã³ãªããµã€ãåºã50åå«ãã§ããããªãªãã·ãš
ãã¬ã³ããã«ããšãã«ãšãŒãã«ãç¹å ¬æ45â5331
å·ã®è£œé åŠæ¹ïŒã«èšèŒã®ããªããŒã©ããã¯ã¹ãé
次å ããåŸã硬èå€ãšããŠïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãšãã¬ã³âã
ã¹ïŒããã«ã¹ã«ããã«ã¢ã»ã¿ããïŒãäžèšã®éå
ããŠæå æ§ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€å±€çšå¡åžæ¶²ãäœã€
ãã äžæ¹ããŒã©ãã³æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã«æ¬çºæã®ååç©ãè¡šïŒ
ã«ç€ºãéãå ããŠéæå æ§äžéšå±€çšå¡åžæ¶²ãäœã€
ãã äž¡å¡åžæ¶²ãçšããŠããªãšãã¬ã³ãã¬ãã¿ã¬ãŒã
ãã€ã«ã ããŒã¹äžã«éå±€å¡åžãè©Šæãäœæããã
å¡åžãããééã¯ïŒå¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«åœã2.6ïœãé
æå æ§äžéšå±€ã®ãŒã©ãã³å¡åžéã¯ïŒå¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«
åœã1.0ïœã§ããã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
次ã«äžèšè©Šæã«ã次ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã網ç¹ç»åã圢
æããã åžè²©ã®ãã¬çšã°ã¬ã€ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³
ïŒ150ç·ïŒã€ã³ãïŒãè©Šæã«å¯çããããããã«æ®µ
å·®ã0.1ã®æ®µéãŠãšããžãéããŠçœè²ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ã
ã³å ã10ç§éé²å ããããã®è©Šæãäžèšã®ãªã¹çŸ
å液ãçšãã20床ã§ïŒåéçŸåãè¡ãéåžžã®æ¹
æ³ã«ãã€ãŠå®çæ°ŽæŽã也ç¥ããã çŸå液 çé žãããªãŠã 50ïœ ãã«ã ã¢ã«ãããäºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ä»å ç© 45ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœ ããããããã³ 18ïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠ïŒãªããã« åŸããã網ç¹ã¹ããªããã¹ãäžèšæžå液ã«20ç§
ã100ç§éæ¹æããªãã浞挬ããã®ã¡æ°ŽæŽããã æžå液 ç¡«é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã 25ïœ æ¿ç¡«é ž 30ïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠ïŒãªããã« ãã®ããã«ããŠåŸããã網ç¹ã¹ããªããã¹ã®ç¶²
ç¹é¢ç©ã®å€åãšç¶²ç¹ïŒååœãã®æ¿åºŠã®å€åããã¯
ããã³ã·ãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã«ãŠæž¬å®ããã 網ç¹ã¹ããªããã¹ã®ç¶²ç¹é¢ç©50ããŒã»ã³ãã®ç¶²
ç¹ãæžååŠçã«ãã網ç¹åã ã®æ¿åºŠã§2.5ãšãªã
æã®ç¶²ç¹é¢ç©ããã³ããã«èŠããæžåæéãæŽã«
æžåå·Ÿãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
æããã åžè²©ã®ãã¬çšã°ã¬ã€ã³ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¹ã¯ãªãŒã³
ïŒ150ç·ïŒã€ã³ãïŒãè©Šæã«å¯çããããããã«æ®µ
å·®ã0.1ã®æ®µéãŠãšããžãéããŠçœè²ã¿ã³ã°ã¹ã
ã³å ã10ç§éé²å ããããã®è©Šæãäžèšã®ãªã¹çŸ
å液ãçšãã20床ã§ïŒåéçŸåãè¡ãéåžžã®æ¹
æ³ã«ãã€ãŠå®çæ°ŽæŽã也ç¥ããã çŸå液 çé žãããªãŠã 50ïœ ãã«ã ã¢ã«ãããäºç¡«é žæ°ŽçŽ ä»å ç© 45ïœ èåã«ãªãŠã ïŒïœ ããããããã³ 18ïœ äºç¡«é žãããªãŠã ïŒïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠ïŒãªããã« åŸããã網ç¹ã¹ããªããã¹ãäžèšæžå液ã«20ç§
ã100ç§éæ¹æããªãã浞挬ããã®ã¡æ°ŽæŽããã æžå液 ç¡«é žç¬¬äºã»ãªãŠã 25ïœ æ¿ç¡«é ž 30ïœ æ°Žãå ã㊠ïŒãªããã« ãã®ããã«ããŠåŸããã網ç¹ã¹ããªããã¹ã®ç¶²
ç¹é¢ç©ã®å€åãšç¶²ç¹ïŒååœãã®æ¿åºŠã®å€åããã¯
ããã³ã·ãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã«ãŠæž¬å®ããã 網ç¹ã¹ããªããã¹ã®ç¶²ç¹é¢ç©50ããŒã»ã³ãã®ç¶²
ç¹ãæžååŠçã«ãã網ç¹åã ã®æ¿åºŠã§2.5ãšãªã
æã®ç¶²ç¹é¢ç©ããã³ããã«èŠããæžåæéãæŽã«
æžåå·Ÿãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ãè¡šã
è¡šïŒããæãããªããã«ãæ¬çºæã®ååç©ïŒ¢â
ïŒãâïŒãçšããè©ŠæïŒãïŒã¯ãç¡«é žç¬¬äºã»ãª
ãŠã ãé žåå€ãšããæžå液ã§åŠçãããšãåºãæž
åå·ŸãåŸãããããŸãæžåæéã«ã€ããŠã¯ããé·
ããªãåŸåã§ããããé©åœãªé·ãã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒãšåãè©ŠæãçšããæžååŠçã ããäž
èšã®æžå液ãçšããŠè¡ã€ãã æžå液 ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³åé ¢é žç¬¬äºéãããªãŠã å¡©
85ïœ ããªå°¿çŽ 65ïœ ã¯ãšã³é ž 60ïœ å¡©é ž ïŒPHã1.0ã«ããéïŒ æ°Žãå ã㊠ïŒãªããã« çµæãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ïŒãâïŒãçšããè©ŠæïŒãïŒã¯ãç¡«é žç¬¬äºã»ãª
ãŠã ãé žåå€ãšããæžå液ã§åŠçãããšãåºãæž
åå·ŸãåŸãããããŸãæžåæéã«ã€ããŠã¯ããé·
ããªãåŸåã§ããããé©åœãªé·ãã§ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒãšåãè©ŠæãçšããæžååŠçã ããäž
èšã®æžå液ãçšããŠè¡ã€ãã æžå液 ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³åé ¢é žç¬¬äºéãããªãŠã å¡©
85ïœ ããªå°¿çŽ 65ïœ ã¯ãšã³é ž 60ïœ å¡©é ž ïŒPHã1.0ã«ããéïŒ æ°Žãå ã㊠ïŒãªããã« çµæãè¡šïŒã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
è¡šïŒããæãããªããã«ãæ¬çºæã®ååç©ïŒ¢â
ïŒãçšããè©ŠæïŒãïŒã¯ãFeâEDTAç³»æžå液
ã«ããåŠçããå Žåã«ã¯ã第äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå液
ãçšãããšãã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªããããã¯ãåºãæžåå·Ÿ
ãäžããã å®æœäŸïŒïŒïŒãããæ¬çºæã§æããã«ãããã
ã«ãå°ãªããšãïŒå±€ã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ã«ãå°ãªã
ãšãïŒåã®è·é»ãæããå®è³ªçã«æ°Žã«äžæº¶æ§ã§ã
ã€æ°Žãšæ··åãåŸãææ©æº¶åªã«å¯æº¶æ§ã®ååç©ãå«
æããããããšã«ãã€ãŠãæžååŠçã«ãããæžå
å·Ÿãåºãã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«ã
ããæžåé©æ§ã倧ããæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ããã
ïŒãçšããè©ŠæïŒãïŒã¯ãFeâEDTAç³»æžå液
ã«ããåŠçããå Žåã«ã¯ã第äºã»ãªãŠã å¡©æžå液
ãçšãããšãã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªããããã¯ãåºãæžåå·Ÿ
ãäžããã å®æœäŸïŒïŒïŒãããæ¬çºæã§æããã«ãããã
ã«ãå°ãªããšãïŒå±€ã®éæå æ§äžéšå±€ã«ãå°ãªã
ãšãïŒåã®è·é»ãæããå®è³ªçã«æ°Žã«äžæº¶æ§ã§ã
ã€æ°Žãšæ··åãåŸãææ©æº¶åªã«å¯æº¶æ§ã®ååç©ãå«
æããããããšã«ãã€ãŠãæžååŠçã«ãããæžå
å·Ÿãåºãã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«ã
ããæžåé©æ§ã倧ããæ¹è¯ããããšãã§ããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ æ¯æäœäžã«å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®æå æ§ããã²ã³
åéä¹³å€å±€åã³ãã®äžéšã«å°ãªããšãäžå±€ã®éæ
å æ§äžéšå±€ãæãã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå
ææã«ãããŠãåèšéæå æ§äžéšå±€ã®å°ãªããšã
äžå±€ã«ãäžèšïœåã³ïœã§è¡šããããååç©ããéž
ã°ããå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ååç©ãå«æããããšã
ç¹åŸŽãšãã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã (b) äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§è¡šããããåäœãå°ãªã
ãšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ å«ãéåäœã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ ãåŒäžãã¯ççŽ ååïŒã22åãæããèèªæ
çåæ°ŽçŽ åºãè¡šãããm1åã³m2ã¯ããããïŒå
ã¯ïŒãè¡šãããã¯ââåã¯âNHâãè¡šã
ããã¯ççŽ ååïŒã50åãæããã¢ã«ãã¬ã³
åºãã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·åºãããªã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·
åºåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ãªãã·âã¢ã«ãã¬ã³åºããéžã°
ããäºäŸ¡åºãè¡šãããïŒã¯ã«ããªã³ãè¡šãããã (c) äžèšäžè¬åŒïŒïŒã§ç€ºãããéåäœã äžè¬åŒïŒïŒ åŒäžãã¯æ°ŽçŽ ååãããã²ã³åååã¯äœçŽã¢
ã«ãã«åºãè¡šãããã¯ããšãã¬ã³åºãã¢ã«ãã¬
ã³åºåã³ã¢ã«ãã¬ã³ã«ã«ãã¢ã€ã«åºããéžã°ãã
äºäŸ¡ã®é£çµåºãè¡šãããïŒã¯ã«ããªã³ãè¡šããã
ïœã¯ïŒãïŒã§ãããïœã¯10ã90ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ããã ã¯ãšãã¬ã³æ§äžé£œåçµåãïŒåã®ã¿æããæ°Ž
äžæº¶æ§ã¢ãããŒãå ±éåããã¢ãããŒåäœã§ã
ããïœã¯10ã90ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ããã
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58108690A JPS60441A (ja) | 1983-06-17 | 1983-06-17 | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| DE19843422493 DE3422493A1 (de) | 1983-06-17 | 1984-06-16 | Photographisches lichtempfindliches silberhalogenidmaterial und verfahren zum abschwaechen des materials |
| US06/803,800 US4606996A (en) | 1983-06-17 | 1985-12-03 | Method of reducing treatment of silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for photochemical process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58108690A JPS60441A (ja) | 1983-06-17 | 1983-06-17 | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60441A JPS60441A (ja) | 1985-01-05 |
| JPH0349089B2 true JPH0349089B2 (ja) | 1991-07-26 |
Family
ID=14491175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58108690A Granted JPS60441A (ja) | 1983-06-17 | 1983-06-17 | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4606996A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS60441A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE3422493A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2506437B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-30 | 1996-06-12 | äžè±è£œçŽæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | æžååŠçç¹æ§ã«ãããã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| US6419554B2 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-07-16 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Fixed abrasive chemical-mechanical planarization of titanium nitride |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5055320A (ja) * | 1973-09-13 | 1975-05-15 | ||
| JPS50156423A (ja) * | 1974-06-06 | 1975-12-17 | ||
| JPS5842039A (ja) * | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®æžååŠçæ¹æ³ |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5623140B2 (ja) * | 1974-04-17 | 1981-05-29 | ||
| GB1528163A (en) * | 1975-02-10 | 1978-10-11 | Agfa Gevaert | Process for the hardening of photographic layers |
| JPS53116143A (en) * | 1977-03-18 | 1978-10-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Adhesion preventing method for silver halide photographic material |
| JPS5931688B2 (ja) * | 1977-05-10 | 1984-08-03 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | åççšæ·»å å€ã®åæ£æ¹æ³ |
| JPS5494319A (en) * | 1978-01-09 | 1979-07-26 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Silver halide photographic material |
| JPS5856858B2 (ja) * | 1978-10-24 | 1983-12-16 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | 垯é»é²æ¢ãããããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| CA1132397A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1982-09-28 | Hendrik E. Kokelenberg | Fluorine-containing surfactants and their use in hydrophilic colloid coating compositions and light-sensitive silver halide materials |
| JPS5941177B2 (ja) * | 1979-10-15 | 1984-10-05 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | åçæå ææ |
| JPS5941178B2 (ja) * | 1979-12-03 | 1984-10-05 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | åçæå ææ |
| JPS5719735A (en) * | 1980-07-10 | 1982-02-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Photographic sensitive material |
| JPS57207243A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-18 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Photographic sensitive silver halide material |
| JPS5834444A (ja) * | 1981-08-25 | 1983-02-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
-
1983
- 1983-06-17 JP JP58108690A patent/JPS60441A/ja active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-06-16 DE DE19843422493 patent/DE3422493A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-12-03 US US06/803,800 patent/US4606996A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5055320A (ja) * | 1973-09-13 | 1975-05-15 | ||
| JPS50156423A (ja) * | 1974-06-06 | 1975-12-17 | ||
| JPS5842039A (ja) * | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-11 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®æžååŠçæ¹æ³ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4606996A (en) | 1986-08-19 |
| DE3422493A1 (de) | 1984-12-20 |
| JPS60441A (ja) | 1985-01-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPS61267759A (ja) | ãã¬ãã£ãç»åã®åœ¢ææ¹æ³åã³çŸå液 | |
| JP2965719B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0153769B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS60200250A (ja) | é«ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããã¬ç»å圢ææ¹æ³ | |
| US4533623A (en) | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials for plate making and method of reduction treatment for them | |
| JPH0235970B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH037927B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0216501B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH02132432A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãããçšããç»å圢ææ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0349089B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH02208652A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®åŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH05273682A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH037928B2 (ja) | ||
| US4286044A (en) | Silver halide photographic materials | |
| JP2813747B2 (ja) | ç»å圢ææ³ | |
| JPH0360108B2 (ja) | ||
| JP3057241B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JP2506437B2 (ja) | æžååŠçç¹æ§ã«ãããã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JP2709652B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ | |
| JPH0466012B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6083936A (ja) | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãããçšããæžååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JP2822130B2 (ja) | é»çœããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã®çŸååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS61145546A (ja) | 補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®æžååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0830864B2 (ja) | æžåæ§ãæ¹è¯ããã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®æžååŠçæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS63106644A (ja) | æžåæ§ãæ¹è¯ããã補ççšããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãšæžååŠçæ¹æ³ |