JPH0329462B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for sorting various shredded materials such as shredder shredded materials of used waste such as household goods or automobiles, and particularly relates to a method for sorting various shredded materials such as shredder shredded materials of used waste such as household goods or automobiles, and in particular, This invention relates to a method for sorting various types of crushed materials, in which materials are stratified and separated according to their specific gravity by vertical pulsation of water, and materials with lighter specific gravity in the upper layer are sequentially separated.

BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY Generally, used waste is crushed by a shredder, and the iron contained therein is recovered by a magnetic separation method and reduced as iron scrap for use in iron manufacturing. Materials other than iron in such shredder crushed materials are mainly rubber, plastic, glass, aluminum, zinc, lead, copper alloys,
It is a mixture of stainless steel, etc., but the recovery of metals from this mixture is mainly through manual sorting ("hand selection").
It is called. ). Furthermore, for fine-grained mixtures, currently there is a sorting method in which a fluidized bed is formed with air and media particles with high specific gravity, the mixture is placed in this fluidized bed, and the light specific gravity is taken out together with the air; There is a linear motor method, which is a method of sorting using the difference in conductivity of each component in a mixture.

In addition, although it is not used waste, as a method for sorting and separating coal, crushed coal is placed in a water tank and the water in the tank is pulsated to perform stratified separation according to the size of fine particles. Sorting is done by extracting and sorting from the lower layer with higher specific gravity.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention This method has the following problems. In other words, in the case of manual selection, the particle size of a mixture of fine particles that can be sorted is at most 50 mm or more, and for mixtures with a particle size smaller than that, the dry flow method or linear motor method as described above is used. However, none of these methods has achieved satisfactory sorting accuracy for fine grains of 15 mm or less. As described above, no effective and appropriate sorting method has been developed for fine particles of used waste.

In addition, when using the above-mentioned coal sorting method, a complicated equipment structure is required to take out each layer, and since each layer is taken out from the bottom, each layer has problems due to the weight of the upper layer or mixing. arise,
This method was not suitable for extracting each layer with increased sorting accuracy.

The present invention provides a method for sorting various types of crushed materials, which is capable of separating metal components from a mixture of fine particles of various types of crushed materials with high sorting efficiency, and accurately separating fine particles of 15 mm or less and up to about 1 mm. The purpose is to

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above objective, a method for sorting various types of crushed materials is to continuously collect various types of crushed items such as minerals, household goods, automobiles, etc. onto a net immersed in a water tank. The placed crushed material is placed and moved, and the placed crushed material is subjected to vertical pulsations of water to cause stratification separation into multiple layers according to the specific gravity of each particle. A horizontal stream of water is supplied to the water tank at a take-out position corresponding to each stratification of each specific gravity material in order in the direction of progress of the crushed material to the lower layer of heavy specific gravity material. It is characterized by overflowing in the right angle direction and sorting and separating the crushed materials according to their specific gravity.

Function: According to the method of the present invention, various crushed materials such as rubber, wood chips, plastics, glass, household goods containing various metals, automobiles, minerals, etc. are sorted and separated as follows.

The crushed material is sequentially supplied onto a mesh body immersed in a water tank at a predetermined depth, and the water is repeatedly pulsated on the mesh body by a vertical pulsation device, so that particles of various minerals in the crushed material are Depending on the individual true specific gravity of
Materials with low specific gravity such as rubber and plastic are separated in the upper layer, materials with intermediate specific gravity such as glass and ceramics are in the middle layer, and materials with high specific gravity such as stainless steel containing aluminum and copper are separated in the lower layer. The particles separated in this way are collected at a plurality of overflow weirs provided in the water tank along the net body, and are separated into overflow weirs with different weir heights corresponding to each layer using the horizontal water flow of the water in the water tank. The crushed materials are taken out in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the crushed materials by sequential overflow from the upper layer of light specific gravity materials to the middle layer of intermediate specific gravity materials. Each specific gravity substance taken out is dehydrated and recovered. Then, the remaining heavy specific gravity substances in the lower layer are removed from the water tank by movement of the net or by movement of the net, and are dehydrated and recovered.

Embodiments Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Reference numeral 1 is a sorting water tank formed as one U-shaped pipe, 2 is a water supply pipe for sending water to the sorting water tank, and 3 is a water supply pipe for sending water to the sorting water tank. The screen chamber 4 is an overflow weir, through which water supplied from the water supply pipe 2 and passed through the screen chamber 3 overflows. 5 is a plunger provided on the water surface of the U-shaped sorting water tank 1 opposite to the screen chamber 3; 6 is an eccentric wheel for giving vertical movement to the plunger 5, and the eccentric distance of the center of rotation is The stroke of the vertical movement is determined by the stroke, and the wave height of the vertical pulsation is given to the water in the sorting water tank 1 by the stroke. 7 is a motor, and the number of pulsations of the vertical pulsation of the water is determined by selecting its rotation speed. Usually, the wave height is in the range of 12 to 110 mm, and the pulsation rate is in the range of 50 to 300 rpm, and the optimum value is selected depending on the size and specific gravity of the raw material. Reference numeral 8 denotes a moving net conveyor in the form of a net, which connects the screen chamber 3 of the sorting water tank 1.
9 is an overflow gutter, which is provided at a portion of the overflow weir 4 of the sorting water tank 1 in a direction perpendicular to the supply direction of shredder crushed material, The particles of the washed-out crushed material are guided to a screen (not shown). Reference numeral 10 denotes a water tank that accommodates the half of the U-shaped sorting water tank 1 on the screen chamber 3 side, and in which the return portion of the mobile net conveyor 8 is immersed. Reference numeral 11 denotes a pulley around which the mobile net conveyor 8 is wound endlessly.
Reference numeral 2 denotes a belt conveyor for supplying shredder crushed material to the screen chamber 3 of the sorting water tank 1.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the screen room 3 has a first zone, a light specific gravity zone, on which the moving net conveyor 8 is installed at a predetermined depth, and on which the shredder crushed material is stratified and separated. The second ward, where things overflow,
It consists of a third section that overflows intermediate-density materials.
In these second and third sections, an overflow weir 4 is installed in a portion of the sorting water tank 1 in the supply direction of the crushed material according to the layer height of each specific gravity material, so that the horizontal flow of water overflows the water. Together with the overflow gutter 9, it forms a take-out device.

As an example of shredder crushed materials to be sorted,
The automobile shredded material composition is shown in FIG. This is a mixed crushed material that contains about 50% of metals including aluminum, which are particles with a particle size of 15 mm or less after removing iron components, and about 50% of other foreign substances with light specific gravity below glass. It shows that there is.

In order to sort and separate such shredder crushed materials, the shredder crushed materials are sent to a sorting water tank 1 by a belt conveyor 12, and then supplied to a screen chamber 3 in which a moving net conveyor 8, which is a mesh, is immersed. In the first section of the screen chamber 3, the shredder crushed material is moved up and down by a plunger 5 by an eccentric wheel 6 rotated by a motor 7, and a vertical pulsation is applied to the water in the sorting water tank 1. By repeating this pulsation, the crushed materials on the moving net conveyor 8 are divided into particles of various minerals contained therein, depending on their individual true specific gravity. Materials such as glass and ceramics are formed in an orderly layer, and the lower layer is materials with heavy specific gravity such as aluminum and stainless steel containing copper.

In the take-out device, the various crushed materials stratified and separated in the first section of the screen room 3 are moved to the second section of the screen room 3 by the movement of the moving net conveyor 8, and in the second section, the crushed materials with low specific gravity are The thing is sorting tank 1
The overflow over the overflow weir 4, which has a height corresponding to the upper layer of the stratification caused by horizontal water flow from the water supply pipe 2, flows into the overflow weir 9 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the crushed materials taken out. In the third section, the intermediate specific gravity material is taken out over each overflow weir 4 according to its layer height. In this way, each specific gravity substance is sent to the screen through the overflow gutter 9, dehydrated, and then recovered. Finally, heavy materials such as metals remaining on the moving net conveyor 8 are lifted out of the water a certain distance as shown in Figure 3, dehydrated, and discharged outside the machine at the pulley 11 located at the highest position. Ru.

In this way, various minerals contained in household goods or shredder shredder materials such as automobiles can be reduced to 15%.
Particles with a particle size of mm or less can be separated by stratified separation, and the stratified particles are sorted in each layer starting from the upper layer, so iron components such as those contained in automobile shreds as shown in Figure 4 can be removed. 15mm
For particles with the following particle sizes, metals including aluminum can be recovered with a recovery rate of 95% or more, and other foreign substances can be removed.

Regarding the above-mentioned extraction device, only light specific gravity materials and intermediate specific gravity materials have been described, but if the material is to be further separated into multiple layers, multiple overflow weirs with heights corresponding to the number of layers may be provided. Of course, this is a good thing.

Furthermore, the stratified and separated crushed materials of various types of crushed materials are moved by the net, but the net may be fixed and vibrate itself to move the heavy specific gravity materials. Of course.

In addition, although the above description deals with shredder crushed materials, in the case of crushed materials, even in the case of a mixed crushed material of gangue and metal ore, gangue with a relatively light specific gravity (specific gravity 2.7) and metals with a heavy specific gravity can be used. Ore (specific gravity 3.5
(copper, lead, zinc, etc.). This can be similarly applied to the case of separating coal and rock from a mixture of coal and rock.

Effects of the Invention As explained above, according to the method for sorting various crushed materials of the present invention, fine particles of 15 mm or less of various crushed materials such as minerals, household goods, or automobiles are immersed in a sorting water tank. Placed on a net and moved,
The water in the sorting tank is repeatedly pulsated in the vertical direction, and each of the fine particles is stratified and separated according to their specific gravity, and in overflow weirs with different heights corresponding to the layer heights, they are sequentially separated from the light specific gravity particles in the upper layer. Since the crushed materials that have been sorted and separated into specific gravity items can be taken out by overflowing the water tank in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the crushed materials, the total amount of metals including aluminum contained therein can be removed from various crushed materials. It has the excellent effect of efficiently recovering useful metals from various types of waste, such as minerals, household goods, and crushed automobiles.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an apparatus for carrying out the method for sorting various crushed materials according to the present invention, and FIG.
A top view of the device shown in the figure, Figure 3 is a second view of the same device.
The side view seen in the direction of the arrow in the figure and FIG. 4 are graphs showing the composition of crushed automobiles with a particle size of 15 mm or less. 1... Sorting water tank, 3... Screen room, 4... Overflow weir, 5... Plunger, 8... Mobile net conveyor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for sorting various types of crushed materials such as minerals, household goods, and automobiles, in which the various types of crushed materials are continuously placed and moved on a mesh body immersed in a water tank, This placed crushed material is subjected to vertical pulsations of water to cause it to be stratified into multiple layers according to the specific gravity of each particle, and this stratified separation occurs from the light specific gravity material in the upper layer to the heavy specific gravity material in the lower layer. , overflowing the crushed material in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the crushed material by a horizontal stream of water supplied to the water tank at a take-out position corresponding to each stratification of each specific gravity material sequentially in the traveling direction of the crushed material; A method for sorting various types of crushed materials, comprising sorting and separating the crushed materials according to specific gravity. 2. In the sorting method according to claim 1, in order to move the high-density crushed materials remaining on the net and take them out, the net is continuously moved to remove the crushed materials. A method for sorting various types of crushed materials, which is characterized by moving them. 3. A method for sorting various crushed materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the high specific gravity crushed materials on the net are moved by applying vibration to the net. 4. In the sorting method according to claim 1, the various kinds of crushed materials are separated and arranged in parallel to the side surface of the water tank so as to be parallel to the traveling direction of the crushed materials. A method for sorting various types of crushed materials, characterized in that the method is carried out at a plurality of overflow weirs having heights corresponding to stratification.