JPH03197752A - Construction of horizontal member frame in wooden structure and joint metal therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise the fire proofness of a wooden structure by a method in which a base plate, a receiver to receive the end face of a horizontal member from above, and a fitting part to be fit into a supporter provided for another horizontal member are formed. CONSTITUTION:For the receiver part 32 of a joint metal 30, a pair of upper and lower side walls 32a and a semicircular bottom 32b are formed. For the tenon 11 of one horizontal member 10 and tenon hole 21 of another horizontal member 20, vertical faces 12 and 22 corresponding to the wall 32a and semicircular faces 13 and 23 corresponding to the bottom 32b are formed, where these serve as guide faces for ensuring exact fit. The upper end of the joint metal 30 is exposed but not in the joint between the horizontal members 10 and 20. The fire proofness of the wooden structure can be raised by making the joint metal fire-proof sufficiently.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a shaft having excellent fire resistance for a horizontal frame member of a wooden building, particularly a wooden building constructed using large cross-section wooden structural members. This article relates to a construction method and the metal fittings used therein.

(Prior art) It goes without saying that wooden buildings must have a structure that is safe against their own weight, live load, snowfall, wind pressure, earth pressure, water pressure, earthquakes and other vibrations and shocks, and they must also be fire resistant and have a fire resistance that meets or exceeds a certain standard. Is it necessary to have a structure that also has gender? In order to make a wooden building a safe structure, for example, the first
Is it possible to exceed a certain standard by using a frame structure as shown in Figure 1, which has been common in the past? Regarding fire resistance, it is necessary to use combustible wooden structural materials. There are various things that need to be considered.

By the way, in the event of a fire in a wooden building, wooden structural materials with a short side of 15 cm or more and a cross-sectional area of 300 cm
It is known that structures with a so-called large cross section exhibit superior collapse resistance than, for example, steel beams. (Refer to page 130 of "Structural Architecture Handbook") This is because when wood structural materials ignite and burn, a charred layer with heat shielding properties is formed in the burning part, and as this charred layer is formed toward the center, This is because it takes a considerable amount of time for combustion to reach the deep part. In other words, even if a wooden structural material with a large cross section starts to burn, flames will come out from the surface, but the rate of reduction in the cross section will be suppressed to about 0.6 to 0.8 am/min due to carbonization from the surface side. It would take a considerable amount of time for the building to completely collapse.

Therefore, in Article 46 of the Construction Order of the Building Standards Act, etc., the main pillars and horizontal members that are important for structural strength, and the quality of the structural laminated timber and other wood that compose them, are set by the Minister of Construction's standards regarding strength and durability. As a general rule, the small diameter is 15c.
If the room has a large cross-sectional area of 300 cm or more and a cross-sectional area of 300 cm or more, it is recommended to install walls or frame a frame with bracing to reduce the volume of the room, etc. to below the standard. It is not necessary. In other words, in order to make a wooden building with rooms with a large volume or floor area superior in structure and fire resistance, it is appropriate to use wooden structural materials with a large cross section. The law also expects and anticipates this.

On the other hand, in order to assemble horizontal members such as beams and girders to columns etc.
The construction method shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 12 has been commonly used in the past. Is this frame construction method using ``hovel joints'' especially for the horizontal members?
In order to do this, it is necessary to form a ``mortise'' or a ``mortise hole'' to be fitted.If ordinary wood is used, the carpenter will do this on-site. This may have been done by adjusting the dimensions, or for wooden structural materials with large cross sections such as those mentioned above, this mortise etc. may be done by machining or so-called pre-cutting in advance at a factory. It is becoming more common to These pre-cut wooden structural members are now being joined to each other using various joining hardware as shown in FIGS. 7 to 10.

When joining wooden structural materials using joining hardware as shown in Figures 7 to 1O, it is difficult to join only by conventional joining methods such as mortise and tenon joints. The strength may be insufficient for those with a cross section, and even if the width is large, the width of the horizontal members must be reduced to the conventional width or smaller due to the structure of the building. This is for reasons such as guarantees.

However, because conventional joint hardware must be fixed to the surface of the wooden structural material using nails, etc., parts of the joint are exposed to the outside at the joint. Due to its age, it was not strong enough in the event of a fire. In other words, since conventional joint hardware is exposed to the outside of the wooden structural material at the joint, even if only partially, this exposed part is directly exposed to the flame and is easily heated. It had become. When this metal joint is heated by flames during a fire, it not only softens and reduces the strength of the joint, but also serves to transmit heat deep into the joints of the horizontal members. This also resulted in the loss of the heat insulation properties of the carbonized layer at the joints.

In this case, even if wooden structural members with large cross-sections that can withstand fires are used, the above-mentioned effects of the joints that connect them can cause the wooden buildings to collapse more quickly in the event of a fire. .

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have completed the present invention as a result of various studies on how to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional framework construction method using metal joints.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and
The problem to be solved is the lack of fire resistance in conventional framework construction methods using metal joints.

It is an object of the present invention to improve the fire resistance of the joining metal used when assembling a wooden building by joining large cross-section wooden structural members that themselves have fire resistance. As a sufficient measure, it is desirable to provide a frame construction method that can construct a wooden building with better fire resistance, and a joining metal fitting suitable for use in adopting this frame construction method, with a simple structure. It is in.

(Means and operations for solving the problems) In order to solve the above problems, first, the means taken by the invention according to the first claim will be explained with reference numerals used in the embodiments.

“Horizontal members (lO) such as beams and girders that make up wooden buildings (2
When constructing a frame according to 0), the frame construction method includes the following steps to join each horizontal member (10) (20).

(a) The base plate (31) and the receiving part (31) which is integrally formed on the outer periphery and receives from above the end face of one horizontal member (lO).
32) and the substrate part (31) on the opposite side of this receiving part (32).
- Providing a joining piece (30) having a fitting part (33) which is legally formed and fitted into a support part (24) formed on another horizontal member (20): (■) A receiving part (32) of the joining hardware (30) is attached to the end face of one horizontal member (10).
Step of forming a tenon (11) that is completely housed within: (8) One horizontal member (10) of another horizontal member (20) is placed on the opposing surface with the supporting portion (24) approximately in the center. As a joining hardware (
30) Step of forming a mortise (21) in which the whole of the metal fitting (30) is completely housed; Fit the fitting part (33) of the lever into the support part (24), and insert the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10) into the receiving part (32) of the joining hardware (3o) of the bracket.
By storing the joint hardware (3o), both horizontal members (
10) A step of assembling and configuring both horizontal members (10) and (20) so that they do not eject at the joints of (20). ”
It is.

That is, this invention basically uses the joining hardware (30), but in that case, (b) the receiving part of the joining hardware (30) is attached to the end face of one horizontal member (10). (32
) forming a tenon (11) that is completely housed within the
and (8) horizontal frame material of yIrl (20) notsuno horizontal frame material (
10) It is necessary to form a mortise (21) on the opposing surface of the metal fitting (30), in which the entire joining hardware (30) is completely accommodated, with the supporting portion (24) as the approximate center. The reason is,(
d) The entire joining hardware (30) is housed in the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20), and its fitting part (33) is fitted into the support part (24), and When storing the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10) in the receiving part (32) of this joint hardware (30), so that almost no part of the joint hardware (30) is exposed. It is.

In the above construction method, first, the joining hardware (30)
using the receiving part (32) or the fitting part (33) of one cross member (10) in the tenon (11) or in the mortise (21) of another cross member (20). By fitting to the support part (24) formed in the joint metal fitting (3
0) to one cross member (10) or another cross member (20)
After that, this joining hardware (30) is fitted from above into the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (lO) and the mortise (21) of another m member (20). Alternatively, the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10) needs to be fitted into the receiving part (32) of this joining hardware (30) from above, making the construction very easy. It is. In particular, since it is possible to reduce the width of the other horizontal member (20), even if a large cross-section material is adopted as the other horizontal member (20) in consideration of fire resistance, it will not be possible to reduce the width of the other horizontal member (20). This makes it possible to adopt the pillars of safety.

Furthermore, the frame structure constructed using the construction method described above has the following effects.

Looking at the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10), this tenon (11) is a joint metal fitting (30) supported within the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20). Receiving part (3
The load is supported by 2). At the same time, in the embodiment, all parts of the tenon (11) except the upper side are supported in a completely wrapped state by this receiving part (32), so if this tenon (11)
) Even if cracks etc. occur in one horizontal member (10
)'s tenon (11) is connected to the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20).
) will definitely be supported.

On the other hand, if we look at another horizontal member (20) side.

The entire joint & (30) is received by the mortise (21) of this other horizontal member (20), and the joint hardware is installed in the support portion (24) of this other horizontal member (20). (3
0) fitting # (33), the support of one tJl'' material (10) through this joint metal fitting (30) is ensured. , the entire joint hardware (30) is supported by the mortise (21) of this other horizontal member (20), and the joint hardware (30) is
Since the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10) is completely accommodated and supported in the receiving part (32) of Another horizontal member (20
) side is applied to the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20).
) is supposed to cover the whole area.

Furthermore, it is important to note that the upper end surface of the joint hardware (roller) is exposed at the joint between one horizontal member (lO) and another horizontal member (20), as shown in Figure 2. Other than that, it is not exposed at all. As a result, even if a fire were to occur in a wooden building with a framework constructed using this construction method, the joining hardware (30) would not be directly exposed to the fire, and one horizontal member (10) would not be exposed directly to the fire. The protected state is maintained for a while by the other horizontal member (20) and its carbonized layer. In addition, joining hardware (30
), the upper end of one horizontal member (10
) and another horizontal member (20), but it is extremely rare for this part to be directly exposed to fire, and the exposed area is also extremely small. Almost no heat is transferred to the interior through this part.

Therefore, heating of the joint metal fittings (30) using this framework construction method will not be done for some time after the fire occurs (about 40 to 50 minutes, which is the necessary and sufficient time until the initial fire extinguishment is carried out). As a result, the fire resistance of the wooden building is improved.

In addition, it is used in the above-mentioned framework construction method,
The means taken by the joint metal fitting (30) according to the second claim is ``the horizontal members (10) (2) such as beams and girders constituting a wooden building.
A joining hardware (30) used to join these horizontal members (10) and (20) when constructing a frame by 0), which is integrally attached to the base plate (31) and its outer periphery. A receiving part (32) that is formed to receive the end face of one horizontal member (10) from above.
And, on the board part (31) on the opposite side to this receiving part (32) -
A fitting part (33) that is legally formed and fitted into a support part (24) formed on another horizontal member (20). ”.

First, as mentioned above, this joining hardware (30) not only reliably supports one horizontal member (lO) to another horizontal member (20), but also Since the overall structure is very simple, it is possible to manufacture it extremely easily. In addition, this joining hardware (3o) is not fixed to one horizontal member (10) or another horizontal member (20) with nails or the like, but is attached to the end of one horizontal member (10). Since this is simply housed and arranged between another horizontal member (2o) facing each other, the installation work is extremely simple.

In addition, in this joining hardware (30), as shown in the embodiments described later, the fitting portion (33) is a semicircular bottom portion (32b) that connects both vertical side walls (32a) and the lower ends thereof. Therefore, when joining the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10) into the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (2o), each side wall (32a)
) on each vertical face (12) of the tenon (11) or mortise (2
It serves as a guide surface for each vertical surface (22) of
) can be evenly distributed.

Furthermore, in this joining hardware (30), the substrate portion (3
The fitting part (33) protruding from the center of 1) may have been legally formed.
By fitting into the support part (24) formed in the mortise (21) of 20), the load from one horizontal member (lO) is transferred between this fitting part (33) and the opposite side. The board part (
Another horizontal member (
20). As a result, the joining hardware (30) acts to evenly and reliably apply the load from one horizontal member (lO) to another horizontal member (20).

(Example) Next, the invention according to each claim will be explained according to the embodiment shown in the drawings, or for the sake of convenience, the invention according to the second claim will be explained first from the embodiment of the joining metal fitting (30) according to the second claim. .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to 6, the joining hardware (30) includes a substrate portion (31) and receiving portions (32) integrally formed on both sides of the substrate portion (31). and fitting part (
33), and is formed using a material such as a steel plate having a thickness of 2 to 51 mm, for example.

Further, the substrate portion (31) of this joining hardware (30) is formed as a plate-like member forming a perfect plane.

In this embodiment, the receiving part (32) is shown in FIGS. 1 and 4.
As shown in the figure, it is composed of side walls (32a) that are parallel to each other in the vertical direction, and a semicircular bottom part (32b) that connects the lower ends of the side walls (32a), the upper end of which is open. It is. In this way, each side wall (32a)
The reason why the upper ends of the side walls (32a) are left open is so that the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10) can be fitted from above between the side walls (32a). In addition, the bottom (32b) of the joint (30) is made semicircular because it is easy to configure in this way, and also because one horizontal frame fitted into this receiving part (32) The shape of the tenon (11) of the material (10) and another horizontal member (20) to which this joint metal fitting (30) is fitted.
) This is because the shape of the mortise (21) can be easily formed.

In this embodiment, the fitting part (33) is formed as a completely cylindrical part, and as shown in FIGS. It is integrated by means such as welding. This fitting part (3
The reason why 3) is made into a cylindrical shape is to facilitate its manufacture and to facilitate its positioning with respect to the support part (24) of another horizontal member (20) to which it is fitted. Note that this fitting part (33) may be configured as a columnar part or in another shape as long as it can be fitted into the support part (24) on the side of another horizontal member (20). Of course, it may also be carried out.

Next, the invention according to the first claim, which uses the joint hardware (30) configured as described above, will be explained. First, for the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (lO), the joint hardware ( 30) is machined so that it is completely housed in the receiving part (32). Completely retracted means that the bottom and side surfaces of the tenon (11) processed in this way (i.e., each vertical surface (12) and semicircular surface (13)) are in close contact with the inner surface of the receiving part (32). Therefore, in particular, the bottom surface of the tenon (11) should be
b) It is formed into a semicircular shape corresponding to the inner surface. In this example, the upper surface of the groove (11) and the other surface of one horizontal member (10) are formed to be on the same surface, thereby making it easier to process the tenon (11). I try to minimize it as much as possible. That is, in the tenon (11) of this one horizontal member (10), the joining metal (
30), a vertical surface (22) and a semicircular surface (23) corresponding to the side wall (32a) and bottom (32b), respectively, are formed.

Furthermore, the fitting part (33) and the receiving part (32) of the joining hardware (30) are fitted into another horizontal member (20) facing the tenon (11) processed as above. Support part (
24) and a mortise (21). Naturally, this mortise (21) is connected to the aforementioned joint hardware (30).
A vertical surface (22) and a semicircular surface (2
3).

In addition, one horizontal member (lO) used in this example
The other horizontal member (20) has a large cross section to improve its fire resistance, and is made of so-called structural laminated timber. Also, each tenon (
11) and the mortise (21) were processed in advance at the factory, using a so-called pre-cut process.

Then, one horizontal member (l
O) tenon (11) or another horizontal member (20) tenon (
21), fit the above-mentioned joining hardware (30) in the appropriate state, and insert the tenon (11) fitted with this joining hardware (30) into the mortise (2I) of another horizontal member (20). into the mortise (21) of another cross member (20).
) The tenon (11) of one horizontal member (lO) is fitted into the receiving part (32) of the joining metal fitting (30) fitted into the inner part of the joint (30). Tenon of wood (10) (
11) into the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20), which is a girder.
) is generally and easily fitted into the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20), and then this One horizontal member (10) tenon (11) in the receiving part (32) of (30)
It was made to fit.

In performing each of the above fitting operations, in the receiving part (32) of the joint metal fitting (30) shown in the example, a pair of side walls (32a) parallel to each other in the vertical direction, and each side wall (32a) The semicircular bottom (32b
), while one horizontal member (10)
tenon (11) and another horizontal member (20)
) have a vertical surface (12) and a vertical surface (22) corresponding to the side wall (32a) of the receiving portion (32), and a vertical surface (22) corresponding to the side wall (32a) of the receiving portion (32).
) are formed with a semicircular surface (13) and a semicircular surface (23) corresponding to the bottom (12b), so these mutually serve as guide surfaces to ensure smooth and reliable fitting. In particular, since the bottom (32b) constituting the receiving part (32) of the joining hardware (30) is semicircular, one of the receiving parts (32) of this joining hardware (30) Horizontal frame material (1
Contact with the semicircular surface (13) of the tenon (11) on the 0) side and the semicircular surface (23) of the other horizontal member (20) on the side of the other horizontal member (20) is complete. and one horizontal member (
10) can be applied evenly and reliably to the other horizontal member (20).

By doing the above, the joining hardware (30) is
The mortise (21) of its receiving part (32) or another horizontal member (20)
), and this receiving part (32)
Since the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (lO) is fitted in the inner part, as shown in Fig. 2, this joining metal part (
30), only its upper end (the upper end of each side wall (32a)) is exposed, and most of it is not exposed at the joint portion of this one horizontal member (10) and another horizontal member (20).

In particular, the hole (11) is a legal horizontal member (1).
0) Since it is generally formed as a smaller piece, the joint metal fitting (3) that wraps around this tenon (11) is
0), most of which are hidden at the joint between one horizontal member (10) and another horizontal member (20), and the conventional joints shown in Figures 7 to 10 It is completely different from hardware. Preventing exposure from the joint metal fittings (30) ensures sufficient fire resistance to extinguish the fire in the event that a fire occurs in a wooden building constructed using this construction method. In order to make it a
As mentioned above, this is important.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, first of all, in the invention according to the first claim, the tenon (11) of one horizontal member (10), the mortise (21) of another horizontal member (20), etc. ) and the configuration of the joint hardware (30), after the framework is completed, the joint hardware (30)
Therefore, when joining large cross-section wooden structural members, which themselves have fire resistance, to form the frame of a wooden building, it is possible to ensure that the joint metal used for this has sufficient fire resistance. As a result, wooden buildings with even greater fire resistance can be constructed. Moreover, this frame construction method does not require much change from the conventional method, so it is easy to implement on-site, and it can also be used with pre-cut materials, which have been particularly in demand in recent years.

Further, in the invention according to the second claim, the substrate portion (31
), the receiving part (32), and the fitting part (33) constitute the joining hardware (30), so the joining hardware (30) suitable for adopting the framework construction method according to the first claim can be made with a simple structure. It can be provided. This joining hardware (30) is one horizontal member (lO) which is a beam.
This makes it possible to connect the frame member and another horizontal member (20), which is a girder, with stronger strength.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of one horizontal frame member, another horizontal frame member, and two joining metal parts to explain the frame construction method according to the first claim, and Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the frame construction method according to the first claim. A partial perspective view of one horizontal member and another horizontal member, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the joining hardware according to the second claim, FIG. 4 is a front view, FIG. 5 is a side view of the same, and FIG. The figure is a plan view of the same. In addition, each of Figures 7 to 10 is a perspective view of a conventional metal joint, Figure 11 is a partial perspective view showing a conventional frame of a wooden building, and Figure 12 is a conventional frame of a column and beam. It is an exploded perspective view which illustrated a part. Explanation of symbols 10...One horizontal member, 11...Horizontal, 13...
Semicircular surface, 20... Another horizontal member, 21... Slot hole, 2
2... Vertical surface, 23... Semicircular surface, 24... Support part, 30... Joining hardware, 31... Substrate part, 32-...
Receiving part, 32a - side wall, 32b - bottom, 33 -
··Fitting portion. 2nd Ward Figure 30 \ Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 0 Figure 11 Figure 12

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A frame assembly that includes the following steps to join each horizontal frame member when constructing the frame from horizontal frame members such as beams and girders constituting a wooden building. Construction method. (a) A base plate part, a receiving part integrally formed on the outer periphery thereof and receiving the end face of one horizontal member from above, and a separate part integrally formed in the base plate part on the opposite side of the receiving part. A step of preparing a joining metal fitting having a fitting part to be fitted into a supporting part formed on a horizontal member; (c) forming a mortise in which the entire joining hardware is completely accommodated, with the supporting portion approximately at the center, on the surface of the another horizontal member facing the one horizontal member; (d) Storing the entire joint hardware in the mortise of the other horizontal member, fitting the fitting part into the support part, and fitting the joint metal into the receiving part of the joint metal. The step of assembling the two horizontal members by storing the tenon of the one horizontal member so as not to expose the joining hardware at the joint portion of the two horizontal members. 2) A joining hardware used to join the horizontal members such as beams and girders that make up a wooden building. A receiving part that is integrally formed on the outer periphery and receives the end face of one horizontal member from above, and a support that is integrally formed with the base plate part on the opposite side of the receiving part and formed on another horizontal member. A joining hardware characterized by comprising a fitting part that fits into the fitting part.