JPH03117419A - Net-plucking of tea and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable the plucking of only young sprouts in high efficiency by covering a tea tree with a net before young sprout begins to grow and winding the net with a detachable winding bar attached to an end of the net when young sprouts are extended through the mesh and grown to a size suitable for plucking. CONSTITUTION:Before young sprouts of tea leaves begin to grow, a tea tree 2 is covered with a net 1 suitable for the plucking of tea leaves and the net 1 is placed close to the tea tree 2 in stable state with a pressing means 6. When young sprouts are extended through mesh of the net 1 and grown to a size suitable for plucking, the pressing means 6 is removed from the net, a detachable winding rod 10 is attached to an end of the net and the net is wound up by using the winding rod 10 as a core. After plucking the young sprouts, the winding rod 10 is removed from the net and attached to the other net and the tea-plucking operation is performed by winding the net.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for picking tea leaves using a net.

Conventionally, tea picking using a net is known from Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 56-158122.

In this method, a net covered with tea plants is fixed to both ends of a chemical fiber net that has meshes so large that the tea leaves extend through and the mature leaves cannot be pulled out when picked. It is equipped with a baton, and the net used is a fishing net made of braided chemical fibers.

Therefore, the net stretches in the direction of being pulled, causing the mesh to collapse (deformation of the mesh), so it is necessary to attach batons to both ends of the net as described above to prevent the mesh from collapsing and to secure the net. Actually, this baton has two nets for one net.
If you need each book and use 500 nets,
If 1,000 batons are required and the unit price is 300 yen, the cost of the batons will be as high as 300,000 yen.
If you add netting cost of over 200,000 yen to this, the equipment cost will be several liters.
The cost is more than 10,000 yen, and even if you can get the same high-quality tea as one hand-picked tea, it will be a waste of money and is not practical.

Attaching the baton to each end of the net so that it does not go idly requires at least 3 minutes per piece, and for 500 pieces it takes 1500 minutes, or 25 hours, and for an 8-hour workday it takes 3 days.

Nets with batons fixed to both ends are bulky and difficult to transport into and out of tea plantations, and there is a risk of damaging tea plants.
It is inconvenient to transport because large quantities cannot be stacked flat, and a large space is required for storage.

The mesh is made so large that the mature leaves cannot be pulled out, and the mature leaves are pulled through the mesh and only the leaves are picked from one petiole, so even if high-quality tea is obtained, the stems are left unpicked. As a result, the yield of fresh leaves is drastically reduced, resulting in lower income and unprofitability compared to mechanical picking, which has lower quality but higher yields.

If you use the mesh to pick only the leaves from the petiole, one leaf will get stuck in the mesh and you will have to pull it out.
For example, even if it takes 30 seconds to pick tea using a net, it takes one to two minutes to pull out the tea leaves stuck in the net. This was discovered by the present inventor as a result of a second tea picking test using the 8th piece of plastic net (Netron Sheet O).

The net made of knitted chemical fibers is soft and has no elasticity, so it is inconvenient that the tea leaves cannot be removed without being expanded manually after being rolled up to pick the tea leaves.Additionally, batons are attached to both ends to prevent the eyes from collapsing. Even if this is prevented, when the baton is pulled, the free center of the net becomes constricted and the mesh collapses, so to prevent this, the baton is placed on the ground, making it impossible to keep the net tightly attached to the tea plants. Therefore, when the net lifts up from the tea plant and the new shoots grow and hit the net, the net is lifted up and becomes even more floating, so few new shoots pass through the net, and many of them are hidden under the net, making it difficult to harvest by net picking. rate is low.

It had many problems, such as:

Therefore, the inventor of the present invention placed a net formed in such a way that the grown leaves could not be caught in the tea plant so as not to cause the mesh to collapse, and then placed the net in close contact with the tea plant using a pressing means, and wound the tea tree by sequentially attaching winding rods to the net. By adopting the method and apparatus, the above-mentioned conventional problems are completely solved.

Next, the details of the tea leaf picking method and device related to the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.

The mesh determined at the time of manufacture is made by knitting a metal wire, welding the contacts after the knitting, perforating a thin metal plate, molding with synthetic resin, or perforating a synthetic resin sheet. A mesh 1 that does not collapse is formed, and the mesh size of this mesh 1 is 8 to 20 mm, preferably 12 to 1.
6m1 corner, rhombus, tortoise shell shape, width 0,5~1,5
m, preferably 0, 7 to 1, 2 m, and the length is 40 to 50 c of the winding rod a, a, the length of which will be described later in the stock length.
m, and before the new buds begin to grow on the tea tree 2, which has been shaped by leveling the net 1, the nets a and a are taken out of the tea tree from one end of the ridge. The hooks are lined up from one end to the other,
In this case, a hook member 3 is provided at one end of the adjacent nets 1, 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the hook member 3 is hung on the mesh of the adjacent net 1, or As shown in Figures 3 and 4 in the drawings, the membrane bodies 5 connected in series by vertical pieces 4 are fitted into the mesh 1.1, or the ends of the adjacent mesh 1. Place the nets 1, 1 so that they overlap so that there are no gaps between them, and place the wire rods 6 on top of these nets 1 so that each set 1 is held in place as shown in Figure 5 of the drawing. As shown in the figure, both ends of the wire rod 6 can be tied directly to a stake 7 driven into the base of the tea plant 2, or can be tied to a branch line or support rod 8 stretched using the resistor 7. If you attach a clip 9 to the terminal of the line (6) and hang it on the tea tree 2 as shown in Figure 8 of the drawing, the net l will not be blown away or blown away by the wind. The tea buds are closely held on the surface of the tea plant 2. Therefore, the tea buds grow through the mesh of the mesh 1. At this time, if the color of the mesh 1 is selected to be black, absorbs solar heat and warms up1]
, lowers the surface temperature of the tea plant by -L, so it is expected that sprout growth will be promoted in the low-temperature spring festival. However, during the summer tea season when the outside temperature is -F, if net 1 absorbs heat and gets hot, this heat may burn the buds, so it is better to choose a net with heat reflection properties for tea 7. Seems to be good.

As mentioned above, the tea buds that have sprouted and grown from the mesh are ready to be picked in two weeks to one month, depending on the season, so at this time, remove the wire rod 6 holding down the mesh 1 and leave the mesh L behind. The tea buds are picked by winding them up one after the other so that the ones that have been hung from the top are first. 11 as shown in FIG. 6 of the drawing, and when the pipe 3 is rotated in the direction of the arrow, the net 1 is wound around the pipe 10.
As a result, the part of the tea buds above the mesh 1 is caught between the meshes, and the part located inside the mesh is strained up by the line H that makes up the mesh, so you can hold the tea buds with your fingers. When you pinch it and bend it using a chisel, the part above the mesh will be broken off by the same force, and it will be sandwiched between each layer of the mesh.
When the net 1 is wound from one hem of the brown I42 over the top to the other hem, the net 1 becomes one turn as shown in FIG. Therefore, the winding pipe 10 is pulled out from the net 1, and the end of the winding of the net 1 is held down by the locking member 12 as shown in FIG. Insert it into the dog's net l, and wind up the net l keeping this in mind.When the tea leaves are picked by this, remove the winding rod lO without loosening the net 1, insert it into the dog's net l, and wind it. If this is done, a large number of nets 1 can be wound up using one winding rod IO. In addition, the net 1 placed in the tea garden in such a way that the winding does not come loose is later collected and transported to the fresh leaf storage area, and the locking member 12 is removed, or the rolled up net 1 is placed in the tea garden as shown in Figure 11 of the drawing. 1113, and loosen the tight winding as shown in Fig. 12 of the drawing, as shown in Fig. 13 of the drawing.

The tea buds that were caught between each layer of the net 1 are released and taken out into the fresh leaf storage area or the basket 13, and only the part of the picked tea leaves that extends above the net 1 is broken off. There was no damage to the buds or contamination of old leaves, and the quality was almost the same as that of hand-picked tea, and the efficiency of picking was far superior to that of a single-person powered tea mower. However, when the net 1 is wound once from one side to the other in this way, when the net 1 passes the top and rolls toward the hem, the tea plant 2 tends to spread outward and become difficult to wrap. , As shown in Figure 14 of the drawing, fit the cuts II and 11 of the winding pipe 10.10 into the ends a and a of the net L, and twist the pipe 10.10 from the hem of the brown 12 toward the top. By turning each, the net 1 is wound up from both sides at the same time, so one of the windings is wound until it slightly passes the top, as shown in Figure 15, and then returned as shown in Figure 16, and the other winding is wound up. If it is wound until it hits the returned winding, it will be picked so that no tea will remain on the top of the tea It2, and the net L will have two turns as shown in FIG. 17. In this case, the tea plant 2 is pushed toward the top from both sides, so the net L is wound stably, and since the net L is wound around from both sides, two people make one work noise, but the work efficiency is increased by 1 g. , Even in this double-sided winding, when you finish wrapping net 1, stop it so that it does not come loose, and then tighten both winding rods lO, 10.
These winding rods 10 and 10 are removed and inserted into the next net 1, and the net 1 is wound up, and a large number of pieces are picked with the two winding rods 10 and 10.

In the case described above, since the wire rods 6 are hung on both ends of the net L to hold down the net 1, there is a risk that the wire rods 6 may pass over some of the meshes and cause the meshes to become small combs, which may impede sprouting in these areas. ,
Drawings 18 and 1 are shown in windings a and a in net l.
Hang the hook 14 as shown in Figure 9, attach the wire 6 to the hook 14, and attach the wire 6 to the stake 7 as shown in Figure 5.
Alternatively, you can attach the clip 9 to the branch line supported by this, or the support rod 8, or attach the clip 9 to the tea plant 2 as shown in Figure 8 of the drawing, or you can attach the clip 9 to the tea plant 2. , If a weight is hung with a hook from part a, the meshes of the net l will not be blocked by the wire rod 6. Furthermore, tea 1f2
As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, a large-mesh holding net 15 is hung over the net 1, and a wire 6 is attached to the end of the holding net 15, and the wire rod 6 is attached with a clip 9 to the tea plant 2. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 22 of the drawings, insert the bottle 17 with a p416 attached to the upper end that can be attached to the mesh into the soil through the mesh l and the tea plant 2 as shown in Figure 23 of the drawings.
Even if the net 1 is held down by the net 1, the meshes of the net 1 can be prevented from being blocked.

In addition, although it is rare at present, tea 12 can be cut horizontally with a flat cutting surface as shown in Figure 24 of the drawing, or with a chevron pattern that slopes from the top to both hems as shown in Figure 26 of the drawing. For example, a long net 1 with a width including windings a and a is hung over the tea l1t21 so as to be parallel to the tea furrows as shown in FIGS. 25 and 27, and Figure 8, Figure 18, Figure 20
, hold the tea buds in place using the means shown in Fig. 23, etc., and when the tea buds emerge from the mesh and are ready to be picked, the net 1 is rolled up from one end of the ridge to the other. Since the net 1 can be wound up outside the tea furrow, it is possible to automate the winding process using a winder.
Although the effects of improving work efficiency and reducing labor will be significant, it is thought that the tea picking surface will be reduced and the yield will be reduced somewhat.

In addition, when winding in series like this, if the brown ridges are long, the winding of the net l will be large and heavy, making it difficult to handle, so in such cases, divide the net l into appropriate lengths. The hook and roll shall be made to a size that is easy to handle.

Furthermore, even in tea plantations on slopes, which occupy a considerable portion of the tea plantation area, the same method can be implemented as in tea plantations on flat land, as shown in FIG. 5, for example.

However, in this case, there is a difference in the growth of buds on the upper and lower sides of the tea plant, and the harvesting period often needs to be changed, so in this case, net I should be set at half of the period during the picking period, as shown in Figure 28 of the drawing. If you put net 1 on top of the sprouts that grow faster, you can pick half of the sprouts at a time.

Furthermore, when picking tea leaves that are unavoidably wet due to continuous rain, this method involves winding up the net L, stopping it so that it does not come loose, and then transporting it to the fresh leaf storage area with the net rolled up, and then unwrapping the net L. If a large number of tea leaves are placed on shelves and hot or cold air is passed between them, dew from wet tea leaves can be conveniently removed.

The method and device for picking tea leaves with a net according to the present invention, as described above, covers a tea plant with a net, keeps it in close contact with the tea plant with a holding device until the new buds are picked, and then removes the holding device when picking the new buds. A winding rod is attached, and the net is wound around this point to pick out the new shoots, and when the winding is finished, the winding rod is removed and replaced with another net, and it is used for winding up many nets. If two people do the picking,
Two winding rods are enough for 500 pieces of netting, so even if the cost per winding rod is 500 yen for cutting,
The cost for the winding camphor increases by 1000 yen, and since two sets of net holding means are used for one net, it costs 1000 yen for 500 nets.
00 sets are required, but the unit price is 20 yen for a simple one, 50 yen for a complicated one, and 20,000 yen for a presser type.
000 yen to 50,000 yen, if it is cheap, 21.
Since only 51,000 yen is added to the net charge even if it is high, the facility cost is less than half of that of the conventional system where the baton cost is more than the net charge.

Since a winding rod is not used as the means for holding down the net, there is no need to attach it to the edge of the net so that it does not spin around, and therefore the three days of labor and time required to attach it conventionally can be saved.

The net holding means is attached later and removed during winding and handled separately from the net, so the net is not bulky, therefore it is easy to carry in and out of the tea garden, there is no risk of damaging the tea plants, and there is no need to worry about damaging the tea plants. Because the nets can be stacked flat, they are convenient for transportation and can be stored in small spaces.

We use a net that has a mesh that prevents mature leaves from getting caught, so when we wrap this net around the winding rod, the part of the sprout that extends upwards from the top of the net will be caught between the nets. Since the part located within the mesh is strained up by the wire rods that make up the mesh and receives the same force as when picking by hand, only the part that comes out from the mesh is completely broken off, so only the leaves are removed from the petiole by the mesh. Although the quality of the harvest is slightly inferior to that of the conventional method, which involves picking the leaves, the yield can be as high as machine-picked because even the stems can be collected, which greatly increases profits.

A net that has a mesh that prevents mature leaves from getting caught will not cause much sunlight or hindrance to budding even if it is placed over a tea plant.Therefore, the tea buds will stand up normally and will not suffer from poor growth. When picking new sprouts, they do not get stuck in the mesh, so if you use the elasticity of the material to loosen or spread the wrapped net, they will fall naturally, saving you time and effort.

The net is made of metal 9 synthetic resin to prevent the mesh from collapsing, and by simply placing it over the tea plant and engaging the presser means at two locations on one side at a predetermined interval, the entire net will adhere to the tea plant evenly and stably. Even if the growing new buds hit the net, they do not lift up, so the few buds that hit the net do not come out onto the net, but the majority of buds grow onto the net, and the area above the net does not rise. Because the tea leaves are completely picked, the yield of tea leaves is close to that of machine-picked tea leaves.

It has the following unique effects.

Examples of methods related to the present invention will be described below.

Example 1 In the beginning of April, I went to a 100m tea garden with a 1.2m arc shape.I used a synthetic resin molded mesh (from Netro Receipt) measuring 1.28m x 1.8m and having a diamond pattern of 8mm across. Three types of wire mesh with a distance across opposite sides of 12 mm and a synthetic resin sheet with square holes with a distance across opposite sides of 4 cm are lined up over the tea plants so as to be perpendicular to the tea ridges, and held down with wire rods to keep the nets in close contact with the tea plants.
I visited there in mid-April. Then, a synthetic resin molded net,
The buds of tea plants covered with wire mesh were growing out through the mesh, but 1. The buds of tea plants covered with synthetic resin sheets were unable to grow because the square holes and their opening ratio were small. The synthetic resin sheet was removed. At the beginning of May, it was time to pick the new shoots that had grown out from the mesh of the synthetic resin molded wire mesh, so I removed the wire rods from the two types of meshes mentioned above, fitted the cut ends of the winding rod to both ends, and rotated the wire rods. With this in mind, I wound up the net from the hem of the tea plant to the top.

Then, as the net was rolled up, the part of the tea sprout that grew upwards from the mesh was picked and wrapped in the net, and the picking process was completed in about 30 seconds.

After picking, the net is stopped with a stopper so that the winding does not loosen, the winding rod is removed from the net, and the winding rod is replaced with the next net.The operations of winding the dog's net and picking are performed sequentially. I went there, rolled up all the nets, and finished picking the tea leaves. In this case, the time it takes to pick tea using two nets is 1 minute, and the length of tea ridges in a 100m tea garden is generally 55.5m, so if you use a 1m wide net, the number of tea holders will be 55.5. The picking time for 100m2 is approximately 28 minutes, and the picked tea leaves are broken off from the part that extends onto the net.
There were no crushed or thin tea leaves, and of course there were no old nests or sticks mixed in under the net, and the quality was close to that of hand-picked tea by experts.

The synthetic resin molded net used in this example had appropriate stiffness and elasticity and could be easily rolled up in one roll, but the wire mesh was a twisted net so it was too hard and difficult to roll in the vertical direction. However, if you use a wire mesh that is plain knitted and welded at the intersections, it can be improved so that the winding is tight and there is no directionality.
The disadvantage is that the price is high.

Example 2 A 100m tea garden with an arcuate structure with a plant length of 1.6m / 1.28m x 2m in size at the end of May, with an 8mm diamond 1" synthetic resin molded net (of Netron sheet) and a size of 1m82m A synthetic resin molded mesh with a square mesh (Netron sheet ■) with a distance across flats of 1OH and a size of 0.9m x 2m with a distance across flats of 1
2mm hexagonal synthetic resin molded mesh (Netron Sheet■
) were cultivated in the same manner as in the example and harvested in mid-June. As a result, in Nibancha, which is short in length and has a quick opening, 30 to 40% of the buds at 8 mm and 9 eyes are suppressed by the mesh and cannot grow out from the mesh, and even those that have passed through the mesh are stuck in the mesh when picked. The above-mentioned tendency is less for 10m@square mesh, and even less for 12nm hexagonal mesh, and mesh width of 8mm is too small and unsuitable, and 12a+m or more is preferable. It turned out that.

Example 3゜In mid-March, a 100 m2 tea garden with an arcuate structure with a plant length of 1.6 m was constructed with a size of 1 m x 2 m.
Nine types of horns H of 15 mm and 22 mm were set up in the same manner as in Example 1, and harvested in mid-May. As a result, the larger the mesh, the higher the chance that the tea buds would not be held down by the mesh and would grow out, but on the other hand, when the net was wrapped around the net to pick the new buds, if the net was lifted, the tea buds would grow out through the mesh. Not only will the new shoots be pulled out of the mesh, making it impossible to pick them with a net, but when the new shoots are picked, they will not break off from the stem, and a single chip will be chipped from the hairline of the branch, causing a phenomenon. Therefore, the mesh size of 22 pieces is too thick and inappropriate, and 12 mm to 15 mm is preferable.Also, regarding the shape of the mesh, the edges of the mesh should be cut along the vertical and horizontal wire rods. if,
It has been found that this is preferable because the wire does not protrude toward the edge, making it easier to screen, remove the screen, store, etc.

Example 4 A synthetic resin molded net (12 mm x 1 5 mm rectangular mesh) was installed in mid-May on a 50 m2 tea garden with an arcuate structure with a plant length of 1.6 m.
0.7m wide one and Ill
Two types of tea leaves are placed in a facility with their long sides facing towards the ridges of the tea plants (picking and harvesting takes place in mid-May).As a result, there are fewer tea buds that can be caught in the net. , it grows well through the net, and when picking, it is better to float the net.Even if the tea buds get stuck in the net and cannot be pulled out, and when the net is wound, the wires that make up the net will touch the stems. It was found that the rectangular shape is suitable for tea picking by effectively applying bending force to break the stems, and for nets with a length of 1 m, the picking cost per pick is high, but it is difficult to wind up each round. It takes time to wind up.

On the other hand, the 0.7m one is easier and faster to wind, so overall there is no big difference in the amount of picking.
0, 7 allows for clean picking with less worker fatigue
It was found that m is preferable.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the tea leaf W4t11i method and apparatus according to the present invention, and FIGS. 1 and 3 are enlarged plan views of a portion showing the joints of the net used, and FIGS. 2 and 4. is an enlarged vertical side view of the same as above, Fig. 5 is a front view of a state in which the net is stretched over an arc-shaped tea tree, Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the state in which the net is rolled up, and Fig. 8 is a A front view showing how to fasten the wire that holds down the net, Figure 9 is a perspective view of the net wound up into one roll, and Figure 10 shows the wound net being prevented from loosening with a latching member. A front view of the state, Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which tea leaves are taken out from the rolled up net, Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the state where the rolled up net is tightened, and Fig. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the rolled up net is loosened. An explanatory diagram of the state. Figures 14 to 16 are explanatory diagrams of the state in which the net is wound into two turns from both sides. Figure 17 is a perspective view of the net wound up into two turns. Figure 18 is a net with a hook. Fig. 19 is a front view of the same as above, Fig. 20 is a front view of the net held down by the presser net, Fig. 21 is an enlarged plan view of the main part of the above, Fig. 22 Figure 23 is a front view of the net held down by the bottle, Figure 24 is a front view of the horizontal tea tree covered with net, and Figure 25 is a side view of the same as above. , FIG. 26 is a front view of a tea tree with a chevron pattern covered with a net, FIG. 27 is a side view of the same as above, and FIG. 28 is a front view of a tea tree on a slope with a net placed on it. 2 ・ 6 , 17 ・ 10 ・ ・Net, tea plant, holding means, winding stick

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A net suitable for picking tea leaves is placed over the tea tree before the new buds begin to grow, and this net is placed in close contact with the tea tree using a pressing means, and when the new buds begin to grow through the mesh of the net and are ready for picking. When the holding means is removed from the net, a removable winding rod is attached to the end of the holding means, the net is wound around the winding rod, and the sprouts are picked, and then the winding rod is removed from the net, A method for picking tea leaves with a net, characterized in that the winding rod is replaced with another net, and the tea leaves are picked by winding up the net. (2) The mesh that cannot hold mature leaves collapses (deformation of the mesh)
a net that is formed so as not to prevent the tea tree from growing and is placed over the tea plant before the new buds begin to grow; a means for holding down the net that is engaged with the net to keep the net in close contact with the tea plant until the new buds are picked, and is removed when the new buds are picked; A tea leaf net picking device characterized in that it is equipped with a winding rod that sequentially attaches the presser means to the removed ends of the nets, winds each net with this in mind, and picks the tea leaves.