JPH02272806A

JPH02272806A - Array antenna

Info

Publication number: JPH02272806A
Application number: JP9379589A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Seiji Mano; 真野　清司; Shinichi Sato; 眞一佐藤; Isamu Chiba; 勇千葉; Kenichi Hario; 針生　健一
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date: 1989-04-13
Filing date: 1989-04-13
Publication date: 1990-11-07

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize an array antenna whose gin is high in the peak direction by permitting the directional peak direction of element antennas to face within a conical degree having an apex angle 50 deg. with the rotation symmetry axis direction of a surface body as a center. CONSTITUTION:Plural element antennas 1a-1n arranged on the surface body having a rotation symmetrical axis such as a cylinder have a radiation conductor 4, a dielectric 5, a ground conductor 6, through holes 7a-7n feeding points 8a and 8b, and the space of edges 9a and 9b is lambda/4 (lambda: wavelength in free space). If the exciting phase of the feeding point 8a is assumed to be -90 deg., and the exciting phase of the feeding point 8b to be 0 deg., the peak directions of the directivity 3b of respective antennas comes to face within the conical angle having the apex angle 50 deg. with the axis (z-axis) of a cylindrical face 2 as the center but not the broad side direction of the element antennas. Thus, the gain can be improved even if a main beam is faced within the conical angle with the apex angle 50 deg. (opening angle 50 deg.) by setting the direction of the z-axis as the center.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】［産業上の利用分野］この発明は、航空機などの胴体に配列され、その機軸方
向に高い利得を持つアレーアンテナに関するものである
。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an array antenna that is arranged on the fuselage of an aircraft and has a high gain in the axial direction of the aircraft.

し従来の技術」第５図は例えばＩＥＥＥ　　Ｔｒａｎｓ、　　ＡＰ−１
９，１，Ｊａｎ、１９７１．ｐｐ１３１−１３４に示さ
れた従来のこの種のアレーアンテナの構成図であり１図
において、（ｌａ＞、（ｌｂ）。5 shows, for example, IEEE Trans, AP-1
9, 1, Jan, 1971. This is a configuration diagram of a conventional array antenna of this type shown in pp. 131-134, and in FIG. 1, (la>, (lb).

（ｌｃ）、・・・、（ｉｎ＞、・・・は素子アンテナ。(lc), ..., (in>, ... are element antennas.

（２）は円筒面、（３ａ＞は素子アンテナ（１ｎ）の指
向性であり、素子アンテナ（ｌａ＞、（ｌｂ）（ｌｃ）
、・・・は同じ指向性を持っている。この従来の例では
素子アンテナは導波管開口である。(2) is the cylindrical surface, (3a> is the directivity of the element antenna (1n), and the element antenna (la>, (lb) (lc)
,... have the same directivity. In this conventional example, the element antenna is a waveguide aperture.

次に動作について説明する。この従来の例では素子アン
テナは導波管の開口であり、その指向性（３ａ）のピー
ク方向は素子アンテナのブロードサイド方向にある。し
たがって、電力分配器により分配された電力の位相を移
相器で所望の値に設定することにより、各素子アンテナ
の励振位相を所望の値に設定でき、第５図のｘ−ｙ面内
では高い利得の放射パターンが実現できる。しかし、第
５図の２軸方向に主ビームがくるように各素子アンテナ
の励振位相を設定すると、その方向の素子アンテナの指
向性（３ａ）のレベルは低いために。Next, the operation will be explained. In this conventional example, the element antenna is an opening in a waveguide, and the peak direction of its directivity (3a) is in the broadside direction of the element antenna. Therefore, by setting the phase of the power distributed by the power divider to a desired value using a phase shifter, the excitation phase of each element antenna can be set to a desired value. A radiation pattern with high gain can be achieved. However, if the excitation phase of each element antenna is set so that the main beam is in the two-axis direction in FIG. 5, the level of directivity (3a) of the element antenna in that direction is low.

利得は低くなる。The gain will be lower.

［発明が解決しようとする課題］従来のアレーアンテナは以上のように構成されているの
で、素子アンテナのブロードサイド方向からずれた方向
、極端にいえば、Ｚ軸方向に主ビムを向けた場合、利得
は低くなるという問題点があった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Since the conventional array antenna is configured as described above, when the main beam is oriented in a direction deviated from the broadside direction of the element antenna, in extreme terms, in the Z-axis direction, However, there was a problem in that the gain was low.

この発明は上記のような問題点を解消するためになされ
たもので９円筒面の軸方向（第５図ではＺ軸方向）を中
心として頂角５０’（開き角５０’）の円錐角度内に主
ビームを向けても利得を高くできるアレーアンテナを得
ることを目的とする。This invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. 9.Within the cone angle of 50' apex angle (opening angle 50') centered on the axial direction (Z-axis direction in Fig. The purpose of this invention is to obtain an array antenna that can increase the gain even when the main beam is directed at

線［問題点を解決するための手段〕この発明に係るアレーアンテナは、素子アンテナの指向
性のピーク方向が素子アンテナのプロトサイド方向では
なく、第５図の２軸を中心とした頂角５０の円錐角度内
にあるようにしたものである。[Means for solving the problem] In the array antenna according to the present invention, the peak direction of the directivity of the element antenna is not in the protoside direction of the element antenna, but in the apex angle 50 around the two axes shown in FIG. The cone angle is within the cone angle of .

［作用］この発明におけるアレーアンテナは、素子アンテナの指
向性のピーク方向が曲面体の回転対称軸方向を中心とし
た頂角５♂の円錐角度内に向いていることにより、その
方向で利得が高いアレーアンテナが実現できる。[Function] In the array antenna of the present invention, the peak direction of the directivity of the element antenna is oriented within a conical angle of 5♂ apex around the rotationally symmetrical axis direction of the curved surface, so that the gain can be increased in that direction. A high array antenna can be realized.

［発明の実施例］以ｆ、この発明の一実施例を図について説明する。[Embodiments of the invention] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第１図はこの実施例の構成図であり１図において、（ｔ
ａ＞、（ｌｂ）、（ｌｃ＞、−、（Ｉｎ＞・・・、（２
）は上記従来のものと同一である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of this embodiment. In FIG. 1, (t
a>, (lb), (lc>, -, (In>..., (2
) is the same as the above conventional one.

（３ｂ）は素子アンテナ（１ｎ）の指向性であり。(3b) is the directivity of the element antenna (1n).

そのピーク方向は＋２軸方向に向いている。各素子アン
テナの指向性を（３ｂ）と同じものとすると、この実施
例で主ビーム方向を＋Ｚ軸方向にしたときその利得は高
い。Its peak direction is in the +2 axis direction. Assuming that the directivity of each element antenna is the same as in (3b), the gain is high when the main beam direction is set in the +Z-axis direction in this embodiment.

第２図は、第１図の素子アンテナの指向性（３ｂ）を実
現するための素子アンテナの実施例を示す。図において
、（４）は放射導体、（５）は誘電体、（６）は地導体
、（７ａ）、（７ｂ）、・・・＜７ｎ”）、−・・はス
ルーホール、（８ａ＞、（８ｂ）は給電点、（９ａ＞、
（９ｂ）は放射導体（４）のエツジである。スルーホー
ル（７ａ＞、（７ｂ）・・・、（７ｎ）、・・・は放射
導体（４）と地導体（６〉を短絡している。また、エツ
ジ（９ａ＞。FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of an element antenna for realizing the directivity (3b) of the element antenna in FIG. In the figure, (4) is a radiation conductor, (5) is a dielectric, (6) is a ground conductor, (7a), (7b), ...<7n''), -- is a through hole, (8a> , (8b) is the feeding point, (9a>,
(9b) is the edge of the radiation conductor (4). The through holes (7a>, (7b)..., (7n),... short-circuit the radiation conductor (4) and the ground conductor (6>). Also, the edge (9a>).

（９ｂ）の間隔は入／４（入；自由空間での波長）であ
る。The spacing of (9b) is in/4 (in; wavelength in free space).

この素子アンテナの実施例は以上のように構成されてい
るので、給電点（８ａ）の励振位相を一９０ａ、給電点
（８ｂ）の励振位相を０°とすると。Since this embodiment of the element antenna is configured as described above, let us assume that the excitation phase of the feed point (8a) is -90a and the excitation phase of the feed point (8b) is 0°.

＋２軸方向にピーク方向を持つ、いわゆる、力ジオイド
形の指向性が得られる。このときの指向性の計算結果を
第３図に示す。次に、この動作原理を第４図を用いて説
明する。A so-called force geoid type directivity having a peak direction in the +2 axis direction is obtained. The calculation results of the directivity at this time are shown in FIG. Next, the principle of this operation will be explained using FIG. 4.

第４図は、第２図のｘ−ｚ面でカットした断面図であり
、簡単のために給電点（８ａ＞、（８ｂ）は省略してい
る。第４図において、（４）〜（６）（７ｎ）、（９ａ
）、＜９ｂ）は第２図のものと同じであり、（Ｌｏａ＞
、（１０ｂ）は電気力線である。この第４図はスルーホ
ール（７ｎ　＞の両側の放射導体部分を同相で励振した
場合を示している。この場合には放射に寄与する電気力
線（１０ａ）、（１０ｂ）は逆相になっている。いま、
放射導体（４）の工・ソジ（９ｂ　）　ｆｌｌＪの励振
位相を０″、エツジ（９ａ）側の励振位相を一９０°と
すると、エツジ（９ａ）での電気力線の位相は＋９０″
になる。エツジ＜９ａ＞、（９ｂ）の間隔がλ／４であ
るので、エツジ（９ａ）から放射された電波がエツジ（
９ｂ）に至るとき、その電波の位相はエツジ（９ｂ）か
ら放射される電波の位相と同じになる。すなわち、＋Ｚ
軸方向にピーク方向を持つ指向性が得られる。なお、こ
の例では地導体（６）の大きさは無限大にしているが、
実際には地導体（６）の大きさは有限であり、この有限
であるために主ビームの方向は＋２軸より１０゜〜２０
程度上に跳ね上がる。この場合でも、この発明では素子
アンテナの指向性のピーク方向が回転対称軸方向を中心
として頂角５０°の円錐角度内にあるので、この発明が
適用できる。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the x-z plane in FIG. 2, and the feed points (8a>, (8b) are omitted for simplicity. In FIG. 6) (7n), (9a
), <9b) are the same as those in Figure 2, and (Loa>
, (10b) are electric lines of force. Figure 4 shows the case where the radiation conductor parts on both sides of the through hole (7n>) are excited in the same phase. In this case, the electric lines of force (10a) and (10b) that contribute to radiation are in opposite phase. Currently,
When the excitation phase of the radiating conductor (4) (9b) fllJ is 0'' and the excitation phase on the edge (9a) side is 190°, the phase of the electric line of force at the edge (9a) is +90''
become. Since the interval between edges <9a> and (9b) is λ/4, the radio waves emitted from edge (9a) are transmitted to edge (
9b), the phase of the radio wave becomes the same as the phase of the radio wave radiated from the edge (9b). That is, +Z
Directivity with a peak direction in the axial direction can be obtained. In this example, the size of the ground conductor (6) is set to infinity, but
In reality, the size of the ground conductor (6) is finite, and because of this finite size, the direction of the main beam is 10° to 20° from the +2 axis.
Jump up to a higher level. Even in this case, the present invention can be applied because the peak direction of the directivity of the element antenna is within a conical angle with an apex angle of 50° around the rotational symmetry axis direction.

実施例では、素子アンテナは方形の場合について説明し
たが１円形でもよい。また、スルーホルではなく、導体
板など放射導体と地導体を短絡できるものでよい。さら
に、送信の場合について説明したが、受信の場合に使用
してもよい。In the embodiment, the case where the element antenna is rectangular has been described, but it may be circular. Moreover, instead of a through-hole, a conductor plate or other material that can short-circuit the radiation conductor and the ground conductor may be used. Furthermore, although the case of transmission has been described, it may also be used in the case of reception.

［発明の効果］以上のように、この発明のアレーアンテナでは。[Effect of the invention] As described above, in the array antenna of this invention.

素子アンテナのブロードサイド方向よりずれた方向にピ
ークの指向性をもつ素子アンテナを航空機などの胴体に
配列し、その機軸方向に位相を合わせることにより、そ
の方向の利得が高くなり、これをレーダ用のアンテナと
して用いるとき、その効果は著しく大きい。By arranging element antennas with peak directivity in a direction offset from the broadside direction of the element antenna on the fuselage of an aircraft, etc., and aligning the phase with the aircraft axis direction, the gain in that direction increases, and this can be used for radar purposes. When used as an antenna, the effect is extremely large.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図はこの発明の実施例の構成図、第２図は素子アン
テナの実施例を示す図、第３図は指向性を示す図、第４
図は素子アンテナの動作原理を示す図、第５図は従来の
構成図である。図において、（ｌａ＞、（ｌｂ）、・・・は素子アンテ
ナ、（２）は円筒面、（３ａ）、（３ｂ）は素子アンテ
ナの指向性、（４）は放射導体、（５）は誘電体、（６
）は地導体、（７ａ＞、（７ｂ）。・・・はスルーホール、（８ａ＞、（８ｂ）は給電点。（９ａ＞、（９ｂ）は放射導体のエツジ、（１０ａ＞、
（１０ｂ）は電気力線である。なお１図中。同一符号は同一、又は相当部分を示す。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an element antenna, Fig. 3 is a diagram showing directivity, and Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the element antenna.
The figure shows the operating principle of the element antenna, and FIG. 5 is a conventional configuration diagram. In the figure, (la>, (lb), ... are the element antennas, (2) is the cylindrical surface, (3a), (3b) are the directivity of the element antennas, (4) is the radiation conductor, and (5) is the Dielectric, (6
) is the ground conductor, (7a>, (7b). ... is the through hole, (8a>, (8b) is the feeding point. (9a>, (9b) is the edge of the radiation conductor, (10a>,
(10b) are electric lines of force. Also in Figure 1. The same reference numerals indicate the same or equivalent parts.

Claims

[Claims]

In an array antenna consisting of a plurality of element antennas arranged on a curved surface having an axis of rotational symmetry such as a cylinder, cone, or truncated cone, a phase shifter connected to each element antenna, and a power divider that distributes power, The peak direction of the directivity of the element antenna is centered at the rotational symmetry axis direction, and the apex angle is 5
An array antenna characterized in that it is oriented within a conical angle of less than 0°.